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This book demonstrates that the principles of textual criticism—borrowed from the fields of classics and medieval studies—have a valuable application for plagiarism investigations. Plagiarists share key features with medieval scribes who worked in scriptoriums and produced copies of manuscripts. Both kinds of copyists—scribes and plagiarists—engage in similar processes, and they commit distinctive copying errors. When committed by plagiarists, these copying errors have probative value for making determinations that a text is copied, and hence, unoriginal. To show the efficacy of the newly proposed techniques for proving plagiarism, case studies are drawn from philosophy, theology, and canon law.

Tom jubileuszowy dedykowany Pani Profesor Elżbiecie Umińskiej-Tytoń odzwierciedla w pełni rozległość zainteresowań naukowych Jubilatki, zawsze żywo zainteresowanej różnymi problemami językoznawczymi, niezwykle skrupulatnej w naukowych dociekaniach, nade wszystko bardzo pracowitej, a co więcej, swą pracowitością często nas zawstydzającej. Prezentowane teksty, których autorami są przyjaciele Pani Profesor spoza i z Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, oscylują wokół najważniejszych dominant Jej naukowej twórczości – onomastyka, stylistyka, tekstologia, co podkreślili recenzenci tomu: dr hab. Urszula Wójcik, prof. UJD w Częstochowie oraz prof. dr hab. Marek Cybulski, profesor emeritus Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. Ze Słowa od Redakcji

In Textual Criticism and Sacred Texts, Signe Cohen looks at the text-critical scholarship on sacred texts across disciplines. She traces the development of the genealogical method and discusses its role in textual criticism today. The book examines the applicability of traditional text-critical methods to oral texts as well as the roles of translations and commentaries in textual criticism. Cohen then turns to the under-theorized question of the relationship between religion and text-critical scholarship and outlines ethics of textual criticism applied to religious texts. She then discusses how new digital technologies will change the textual scholarship of the future and proposes new ways that scholars can collaborate across sub-disciplines.

In Genetic Criticism, Dirk Van Hulle introduces the study of creative processes to an Anglophone audience. As a method in the study of literary writing processes, genetic criticism is also a reading strategy. The idea behind this book is to introduce this strategy to a broader audience, from interested readers and graduate students to early career researchers and literary critics. In literary studies, it is often obvious that a particular work somehow seems to hit a nerve, but more challenging to pinpoint exactly why it'works'. This book therefore starts from a clear, basic assumption: knowing how something was made can help us understand how and why it works. This strategy is at the basis of many disciplines, including art history. By means of X-ray technology or hyperspectral imaging, it is possible to look at a painting as a multilayered object with not only spatial dimensions, but also a temporal one. This temporal dimension is the core of the reading strategy introduced in this book. Note books, marginalia, manuscripts, and typescripts (even if one works with scans) give a concrete dimension to literature, which is a helpful reading strategy for many students. On the one hand, this involves concrete, transferrable skills such as aspects of transcription and digital scholarly editing. On the other hand, it also involves more abstract theoretical issues relating to matters of authorship, collaboration, authority, agency, intention and intertextuality.

Perceptions of Medieval Manuscripts takes as its starting point an understanding that a medieval book is a whole object at every point of its long history. As such, medieval books can be studied most profitably in a holistic manner as objects-in-the-world. This means readers might profitably account for all aspects of the manuscript in their observations, from the main texts that dominate the codex to the marginal notes, glosses, names, and interventions made through time. This holistic approach allows us to tell the story of the book's life from the moment of its production to its use, collection, breaking-up, and digitization--all aspects of what can be termed'dynamic architextuality'. The ten chapters include detailed readings of texts that explain the processes of manuscript manufacture and writing, taking in invisible components of the book that show the joy and delight clearly felt by producers and consumers. Chapters investigate the filling of manuscripts'blank spaces, presenting some texts never examined before, and assessing how books were conceived and understood to function. Manuscripts'heft and solidness can be seen, too, in the depictions of miniature books in medieval illustrations. Early manuscripts thus become archives and witnesses to individual and collective memories, best read as'relics of existence', as Maurice Merleau-Ponty describes things. As such, it is urgent that practices fragmenting the manuscript through book-breaking or digital display are understood in the context of the book's wholeness. Readers of this study will find chapters on multiple aspects of medieval bookness in the distant past, the present, and in the assurance of the future continuity of this most fascinating of cultural artefacts.

The textual history of the Books of Kings forms one of the most complex and debated issues in the modern text-historical scholarship. This book examines and reconstructs the textual history of 2 Kings 17 in light of the preserved textual evidence. The analysis of textual differences between the LXX, the Old Latin, and the MT allows the reconstruction of the oldest text attainable. The Old Latin version appears to have in many cases best preserved the Old Greek edition of the chapter, now lost in the Greek witnesses due to Hebraizing revisions. The Old Greek version of 2 Kings 17 evidences a Hebrew Vorlage often radically differing from the MT. In most cases the MT exhibits signs of later editing. The LXX can thus help the scholars reconstruct multiple text-historical layers previously out of our reach, as well as shed new light on certain historiographical details recounted in 2 Kings 17. As supposed by the literary critics for well over a century, the textual data shows beyond doubt that there happened vast editing and rewriting of the Books of Kings even at very late date. Text-critical considerations are therefore not only useful, but invaluable to all scholarly work on 2 Kings 17, and the Books of Kings as a whole.

Series: Studies in Theology and Religion (STAR) vol. 8From 4 to 6 January 2001, a three-day international conference on textual criticism took place in Münster. This conference was remarkable for its multi-disciplinary set-up. The speakers included experts in the field of New Testament textual criticism as well as researchers who specialise in preparing critical editions of documents from early-Jewish and rabbinic literature.Text-critical problems concerning the study of early-Christian literature other than the New Testament were also on the conference programme.This book contains most of the papers presented during the conference, but it is not simply a volume containing conference proceedings. The papers have often been thoroughly revised and two articles were added afterwards at the invitation of the editors. There is also a substantial inroduction by the editors. Contributors include Barbara Aland, James Keith Elliott, and Folkert Siegert.From the contentsPart 1 IntroductionPart 2 New Testament and other early Christian Literature1 Der textkritische und textgeschichtliche Nutzen früher Papyri, demonstriert am Johannesevangelium2 Was verändert sich in der Textkritik durch die Beachtung genealogischer Kohärenz?3 The Nature of'Western'Readings in Acts: Test-cases4 Zur Bedeutung der koptischen Übersetzungen für Textkritik und Verständnis des Neuen Testaments5 Theodorus Beza and New Testament Conjectural Emendation6 The Editio Critica Maior: One Reader's Reactions7 Textkritik in frühchristlicher Literatur ausserhalb des Neuen Testaments: Barn 1,6 als BeispielPart 3 Jewish Literature1 Erfahrungen mit der Münsteraner Josephus-Ausgabe: Ein Werkstattbericht mit Seitenblicken auf griechische Bibelsausgaben2 Zur Edition apokrypher Texte: Am Beispiel des griechischen Lebens Adams und Evas3 Textual Criticism of Late Rabbinic Midrshim: The Example of Aggadat Bereshit

A stark departure from traditional philology, What is Authorial Philology? is the first comprehensive treatment of authorial philology as a discipline in its own right. It provides readers with an excellent introduction to the theory and practice of editing ‘authorial texts'alongside an exploration of authorial philology in its cultural and conceptual architecture. The originality and distinction of this work lies in its clear systematization of a discipline whose autonomous status has only recently been recognised (at least in Italy), though its roots may extend back as far as Giorgio Pasquali. This pioneering volume offers both a methodical set of instructions on how to read critical editions, and a wide range of practical examples, expanding upon the conceptual and methodological apparatus laid out in the first two chapters. By presenting a thorough account of the historical and theoretical framework through which authorial philology developed, Paola Italia and Giulia Raboni successfully reconceptualize the authorial text as an ever-changing organism, subject to alteration and modification. What is Authorial Philology? will be of great didactic value to students and researchers alike, providing readers with a fuller understanding of the rationale behind different editing practices, and addressing both traditional and newer methods such as the use of the digital medium and its implications. Spanning the whole Italian tradition from Petrarch to Carlo Emilio Gadda, this ground-breaking volume provokes us to consider important questions concerning a text's dynamism, the extent to which an author is ‘agentive', and, most crucially, about the very nature of what we read.

Este es un manual para correctores y para quienes deseen saber sobre la corrección e iniciarse en un largo camino de aprendizaje, y es también una fuente de consulta para el lector ávido de conocimientos lingüisticos. Está organizado en dos partes: la primera recoge en orden alfabético nociones, temas, definiciones, con ejemplos y recomendaciones; la segunda la componen textos que básicamente son dudas de colegas, alumnos y lectores de mis extintos blogs.

Das Annotieren, Kommentieren und Erläutern von Texten gehört zu den philologischen Kernaufgaben. Im digitalen Kontext steht die Kommentierungsarbeit vor neuen und kaum zu unterschätzenden Herausforderungen. Während die unmittelbar textphilologischen Komponenten wie Textkonstitution oder Variantendarstellung in den letzten Jahren eingehend behandelt wurden, blieben die diskursiven Teile (Überlieferung, Entstehung, Kommentar etc.) und deren Einbindung in digitale Editionskonzepte weitgehend unberücksichtigt. Grundlegende theoretische Aspekte der digitalen Kommentierung betreffen sowohl medienübergreifende Fragen wie die Möglichkeiten des Verweisens bzw. der Verlinkung auf externe Quellen und die Einbindung von Normdaten als auch medienspezifische Fragen der Kommentierung wie die nach der text- und/oder gattungsspezifischen Strukturierung. Die zehn im vorliegenden Band versammelten Beiträge widmen sich diesen Themen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven: (Editions-)Philologie, Dokumenttheorie und (anwendungsorientierte) Digital Humanities ergänzen sich, indem sie jeweils verschiedene Aspekte digitalen Edierens in den Blick nehmen. Im Zentrum steht der klassische Sachkommentar und dessen Relation zu anderen Formen der Erschließung bzw. generell zu anderen, zum Teil neu auftretenden Typen der Editorrede (z. B. Markup). Sowohl für Editionsphilologen wie auch für auf Geisteswissenschaften spezialisierte Informatiker bieten die Beiträge interessante Einblicke in die Praxis digitalen Kommentierens, benennen Desiderate und präsentieren (technische) Lösungsvorschläge.

A reading of Theory that in tracing when and where Theory arises in the event of reading proposes how Theory might best be handled in the context of higher education today. Arguing against those who propose to avoid Theory in the name of its putative obsolescence, this text sets out to challenge two aspects of this avoidance. On the one hand, Theory has been set aside in the name of identity politics, that is, the proposition that its intellectual pertinence has been overshadowed by a sense of political urgency construed as at odds with Theory. Theory itself has assumed an identity, a profile. On the other hand, implicit within the avoidance of Theory is a concept of “context” that calls for reflection. Resisting the tendency to treat context as either negligible or obvious, this text sets out to trace, in the when and where of Theory, the rudiments of a “sociographic” (think “historiographic”) account of context. In relation to it, the reading that is Theory can be usefully situated as part of a politics of higher education in the era of the global crisis of the university.

Stemmatology studies aspects of textual criticism that use genealogical methods to analyse a set of copies of a text whose autograph has been lost. This handbook is the first to cover the entire field, encompassing both theoretical and practical aspects of traditional as well as modern digital methods and their history. As an art (ars), stemmatology's main goal is editing and thus presenting to the reader a historical text in the most satisfactory way. As a more abstract discipline (scientia), it is interested in the general principles of how texts change in the process of being copied. Thirty eight experts from all of the fields involved have joined forces to write this handbook, whose eight chapters cover material aspects of text traditions, the genesis and methods of traditional'Lachmannian'textual criticism and the objections raised against it, as well as modern digital methods used in the field. The two concluding chapters take a closer look at how this approach towards texts and textual criticism has developed in some disciplines of textual scholarship and compare methods used in other fields that deal with'descent with modification'. The handbook thus serves as an introduction to this interdisciplinary field.

By the late 1980s the concept of the work had slipped out of sight, consigned to its last refuge in the library catalogue as concepts of discourse and text took its place. Scholarly editors, who depended on it, found no grounding in literary theory for their practice. But fundamental ideas do not go away, and the work is proving to be one of them. New interest in the activity of the reader in the work has broadened the concept, extending it historically and sweeping away its once-supposed aesthetic objecthood. Concurrently, the advent of digital scholarly editions is recasting the editorial endeavour. The Work and The Reader in Literary Studies tests its argument against a range of book-historically inflected case-studies from Hamlet editions to Romantic poetry archives to the writing practices of Joseph Conrad and D. H. Lawrence. It newly justifies the practice of close reading in the digital age.

This collection of essays from world-renowned scholar Hans Walter Gabler contains writings from a decade and a half of retirement spent in exploration of textual criticism, genetic criticism, and literary criticism. In these sixteen stimulating contributions, he develops theories of textual criticism and editing that are inflected by our advance into the digital era; structurally analyses arts of composition in literature as well as music; and traces the cultural implications discernible in book design, and in the societal processes of the canonisation of works of literature and their authors. Distinctive and ambitious, these essays move beyond the development of concerns voiced in the community of critics and scholars. Gabler responds innovatively to the issues involved and often endeavours to re-think their urgencies through allowing orthodox tenets of national schools of textual criticism to converge and merge. He moves between a variety of topics, ranging from fresh genetic approaches to the work of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, to significant contributions to the theorisation of scholarly editing in the digital age. Written in Gabler's fluent style, these rich and elegant compositions are essential reading for literary and textual critics, scholarly editors, readers of James Joyce, New Modernism specialists, and all those interested in textual scholarship and digital editing within the encompassing framework of Digital Humanities.

This book begins with the question: How are literary fragments defined as such? As a critical term, fragment is more of a starting-point than a definition: Is part of the manuscript missing? Is it grammatically incomplete, using unfinished sentences? Is it made to look unfinished? Fragment and fragmentation have been used to describe damaged manuscripts; drafts; notes; subverted grammatical structures; the emergence of vers libre from formal verse; texts without linear plots; translations; quotations; and works titled Fragment regardless of how formally complete they might appear. This book offers a phenomenological reading of modernist literary fragments, arguing that fragments create states of conflicted embodiment in which mind and body cannot cleanly separate. Drawing on the concept of aestheticism as an overstimulated body, each chapter connects fragments to experiences of physical and emotional ambiguity, exploring difficulties in speaking, writing and translating; spasms of laughter; and disrupted vision.The author introduces fragmentation as an aspect of what Julia Kristeva and Helene Cixous term ecriture feminine, and offers new readings of the texts that Stephane Mallarme struggled to finish, associating his fragmentation with translation and the Crise (Crisis) of vers libre. The author then considers the fragmentary affects of humour, ranging from Henri Bergson to Mina Loy and T. S. Eliot. Urban fragmentation is explored in Hope Mirrlees Paris: A Poem, John Maynard Keynes The Economic Consequences of the Peace, Felix Feneons Nouvelles en trois lignes, Apollinaires Zone, and Walter Benjamins Arcades Project. The author ultimately weighs the claim of literary fragmentation as an ethical commitment to detail, embedded in the living body, against a view of fragments as more numbed traces or disembodied remnants.

Le texte est l'unité de communication qui relève du plus haut niveau de complexité linguistique. Mais comment cette unité complexe se construit-elle? Comment l'activité langagière répond-elle, dans le temps réel de l'écriture, aux exigences de configuration textuelle? Comment linéarité, hiérarchisation, contraintes génériques, attentes pragmatiques et autres considérations sémantiques convergent-elles pour faire texte? Cet ouvrage propose une description linguistique du processus d'écriture. Pour ce faire, l'écriture de textes professionnels et universitaires a été enregistrée en temps réel à l'aide de logiciels de suivi de rédaction. L'étude détaillée (description syntaxique et sémantique, analyse des stratégies de réécriture et analyse textométrique des textes finalisés) des unités spontanées de production écrite, les jets textuels, met au jour les normes, (ir)régularités et compétences de textualisation. L'approche linguistique, qui est au cœur de l'ouvrage, s'inscrit dans un cadre pluridisciplinaire associant la psycholinguistique et la génétique textuelle. À travers cette archéologie du texte, cette étude offre une vision inédite de l'activité langagière et amorce une nouvelle heuristique pour l'analyse de la textualité et de la production écrite.

A critical edition of the Samaritan Pentateuch is one of the most urgent desiderata of Hebrew Bible research. The present volume on Leviticus is the first out of a series of five meant to fill this gap. It provides a diplomatic edition of the five books of the Samaritan Torah, based on the oldest preserved Samaritan manuscripts.Throughout the entire work, the Samaritan Hebrew text as gathered from 30 different manuscripts is compared with further Samaritan witnesses (esp. the Samaritan Targum, the Samaritan Arabic translation, and the oral Samaritan reading tradition) as well as with non-Samaritan witnesses of the Pentateuch, especially the Masoretic text, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Septuagint, creating an indispensable resource and tool not only for those working with the Samaritan Pentateuch, but for any scholar interested in textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible in general, and particularly the Pentateuch.