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1,177 results on '"Critical band"'

2. The effect of character stroke width on legibility: The relationship between duty ratio and contrast threshold.

Author

Ohnishi, Madoka and Oda, Koichi

Subjects
*STROKE patients, *DIFFRACTION gratings, *LEGIBILITY (Printing), *LETTERS, *AMPLITUDE estimation, *STROKE, *SENSORY perception, *VISUAL perception, *VISUAL acuity
Abstract

Stroke width is an important factor affecting letter legibility. Although there seems to be a critical or optimal value for stroke width, it has been difficult to estimate quantitatively because shape deterioration and the increase of stroke width are covariates. This study attempted to predict the optimal value of stroke width considering it as a duty ratio. The duty ratio is related to the amplitude of the fundamental frequency, with the maximum amplitude of the fundamental frequency occurring at a duty ratio of 0.5. The fundamental frequency decreases when the duty ratio is set either lower or higher than 0.5. Based on previous research indicating that letters also have a critical band (CB), or the frequency band which contributes most to letter recognition, which corresponds to their fundamental frequency, we hypothesized that the amplitude of CB is related to the legibility of letters. We measured the contrast thresholds using square-wave gratings and letters of differing duty ratios. In both the grating and letter stimuli, the amplitude of CB reached its maximum when the duty ratio was around 0.5. Contrast thresholds for stimuli with various duty ratios were accurately predicted by the amplitudes of CB and the contrast thresholds in the individual's sine-wave grating. Our results suggest that the amplitude of a single critical component contributes significantly to the legibility of letters, even though they contain diverse frequency components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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3. Spectrum Analysis

Author

Miyara, Federico, Ando, Yoichi, Series editor, Hartmann, William M., Editor-in-chief, Au, Whitlow W L, Series editor, Baggeroer, Arthur B., Series editor, Fletcher, Neville H., Series editor, Fuller, Christopher R., Series editor, Kuperman, William A., Series editor, Miller, Joanne L., Series editor, Tolstoy, Alexandra I., Series editor, and Miyara, Federico

Published
2017
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5. Unresolvable Pixels Contribute to Character Legibility: Another Reason Why High-Resolution Images Appear Clearer.

Author

Ohnishi, Madoka and Oda, Koichi

Subjects
*LOW vision, *PATTERN recognition systems, *CHARACTER
Abstract

This study examined the effect of character sample density on legibility. As the spatial frequency component important for character recognition is said to be 1 to 3 cycles/letter (cpl), six dots in each direction should be sufficient to represent a character; however, some studies have reported that high-density characters are more legible. Considering that these seemingly contradictory findings could be compatible, we analyzed the frequency component of the character stimulus with adjusted sample density and found that the component content of 1 to 3 cpl increased in the high-density character. In the following three psychophysical experiments, high sample density characters tended to have lower contrast thresholds, both for normal and low vision. Furthermore, the contrast threshold with characters of each sample density was predicted from the amplitude of the 1 to 3 cpl component. Thus, while increasing the sample density improves legibility, adding a high frequency is not important in itself. The findings suggest that enhancing the frequency components important for recognizing characters by adding the high-frequency component contributes to making characters more legible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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6. Spectral Processing

Author

Lazzarini, Victor, Yi, Steven, ffitch, John, Heintz, Joachim, Brandtsegg, Øyvind, McCurdy, Iain, Lazzarini, Victor, Yi, Steven, ffitch, John, Heintz, Joachim, Brandtsegg, Øyvind, and McCurdy, Iain

Published
2016
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9. Blind Signal Separation with Speech Enhancement

Author

Lin, Chang-Hong, Lee, Hsiao-Ping, Li, Jyun-Hong, Su, Chih-Wei, Chin, Yu-Hao, Wang, Jhing-Fa, Wang, Jia-Ching, Huang, Yueh-Min, editor, Chao, Han-Chieh, editor, Deng, Der-Jiunn, editor, and Park, James J. (Jong Hyuk), editor

Published
2014
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10. MPEG Audio Compression

Author

Li, Ze-Nian, Drew, Mark S., Liu, Jiangchuan, Gries, David, Series editor, Schneider, Fred B., Series editor, Li, Ze-Nian, Drew, Mark S., and Liu, Jiangchuan

Published
2014
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12. Perturbation Theory: A New Answer to Some of the Most Enduring Dilemmas of the Theory of Consonance and Dissonance.

Author

Gaona, Saúl

Subjects
*CONSONANCE (Music theory), *MUSICAL intervals & scales, *PSYCHOACOUSTICS, *DISSONANCE (Music theory), *COGNITIVE dissonance
Abstract

The perturbation theory is a new theoretical model that accounts for the arrangement from more to less pleasant in the perception of musical intervals and their classification as consonant and dissonant intervals, just as they are accepted in Western musical practice. This model includes an analysis of pairs of tones that allows a justification of interval quality degree and an entirely new point of view of the critical band effect to explain the distinction between consonant and dissonant intervals. The resolution of these two ancestral questions of musical acoustics and psychoacoustics in turn allow one to understand the particularities of the equal temperament scale, the nature of the major and minor chords and the ambiguous behavior of the fourth and augmented fourth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

20. Multiple Classifier Systems for the Classification of Audio-Visual Emotional States

Author

Glodek, Michael, Tschechne, Stephan, Layher, Georg, Schels, Martin, Brosch, Tobias, Scherer, Stefan, Kächele, Markus, Schmidt, Miriam, Neumann, Heiko, Palm, Günther, Schwenker, Friedhelm, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, D’Mello, Sidney, editor, Graesser, Arthur, editor, Schuller, Björn, editor, and Martin, Jean-Claude, editor

Published
2011
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21. Improving Tonality Measures for Audio Watermarking

Author

Arnold, Michael, Chen, Xiao-Ming, Baum, Peter G., Doërr, Gwenaël, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Filler, Tomáš, editor, Pevný, Tomáš, editor, Craver, Scott, editor, and Ker, Andrew, editor

Published
2011
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22. Analysing the Similarity of Album Art with Self-Organising Maps

Author

Mayer, Rudolf, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Laaksonen, Jorma, editor, and Honkela, Timo, editor

Published
2011
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30. Frequency selectivity in macaque monkeys measured using a notched-noise method.

Author

Burton, Jane A., Dylla, Margit E., and Ramachandran, Ramnarayan

Subjects
*AUDITORY pathways, *BANDPASS filters, *THRESHOLD (Perception), *EXPONENTIAL functions, *LABORATORY monkeys
Abstract

The auditory system is thought to process complex sounds through overlapping bandpass filters. Frequency selectivity as estimated by auditory filters has been well quantified in humans and other mammalian species using behavioral and physiological methodologies, but little work has been done to examine frequency selectivity in nonhuman primates. In particular, knowledge of macaque frequency selectivity would help address the recent controversy over the sharpness of cochlear tuning in humans relative to other animal species. The purpose of our study was to investigate the frequency selectivity of macaque monkeys using a notched-noise paradigm. Four macaques were trained to detect tones in noises that were spectrally notched symmetrically and asymmetrically around the tone frequency. Masked tone thresholds decreased with increasing notch width. Auditory filter shapes were estimated using a rounded exponential function. Macaque auditory filters were symmetric at low noise levels and broader and more asymmetric at higher noise levels with broader low-frequency and steeper high-frequency tails. Macaque filter bandwidths (BW3dB) increased with increasing center frequency, similar to humans and other species. Estimates of equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) and filter quality factor (Q ERB ) suggest macaque filters are broader than human filters. These data shed further light on frequency selectivity across species and serve as a baseline for studies of neuronal frequency selectivity and frequency selectivity in subjects with hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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32. Perception of Harmonic and Inharmonic Sounds: Results from Ear Models

Author

Schneider, Albrecht, Frieler, Klaus, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Ystad, Sølvi, editor, Kronland-Martinet, Richard, editor, and Jensen, Kristoffer, editor

Published
2009
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40. Classification and Clustering of Music for Novel Music Access Applications

Author

Lidy, Thomas, Rauber, Andreas, Gabbay, D. M., editor, Siekmann, J., editor, Bundy, A., editor, Carbonell, J. G., editor, Pinkal, M., editor, Uszkoreit, H., editor, Veloso, M., editor, Wahlster, W., editor, Wooldridge, M. J., editor, Aiello, Luigia Carlucci, editor, Baader, Franz, editor, Bibel, Wolfgang, editor, Bolc, Leonard, editor, Boutilier, Craig, editor, Brachman, Ron, editor, Buchanan, Bruce G., editor, Cohn, Anthony, editor, Garcez, Artur d’Avila, editor, del Cerro, Luis Fariñas, editor, Furukawa, Koichi, editor, Gottlob, Georg, editor, Hayes, Patrick J., editor, Hendler, James A., editor, Jameson, Anthony, editor, Jennings, Nick, editor, Joshi, Aravind K., editor, Kamp, Hans, editor, Kay, Martin, editor, Kitano, Hiroaki, editor, Kowalski, Robert, editor, Kraus, Sarit, editor, Lenzerini, Maurizio, editor, Levesque, Hector, editor, Lloyd, John, editor, Mackworth, Alan, editor, Maybury, Mark, editor, Mitchell, Tom, editor, Moore, Johanna D., editor, Muggleton, Stephen H., editor, Nebel, Bernhard, editor, Oviatt, Sharon, editor, Pereira, Luis, editor, Ruqian, Lu, editor, Russell, Stuart, editor, Sandewall, Erik, editor, Steels, Luc, editor, Stock, Oliviero, editor, Stone, Peter, editor, Strube, Gerhard, editor, Sycara, Katia, editor, Tambe, Milind, editor, Tanaka, Hidehiko, editor, Thrun, Sebastian, editor, Tsujii, Junichi, editor, VanLehn, Kurt, editor, Voronkov, Andrei, editor, Walsh, Toby, editor, Webber, Bonnie, editor, Cord, Matthieu, editor, and Cunningham, Pádraig, editor

Published
2008
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44. Fifty Years of Computer Music: Ideas of the Past Speak to the Future

Author

Chowning, John, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Kronland-Martinet, Richard, editor, Ystad, Sølvi, editor, and Jensen, Kristoffer, editor

Published
2008
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48. Integration of Text and Audio Features for Genre Classification in Music Information Retrieval

Author

Neumayer, Robert, Rauber, Andreas, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Rangan, C. Pandu, editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Amati, Giambattista, editor, Carpineto, Claudio, editor, and Romano, Giovanni, editor

Published
2007
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