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PurposeCommunity resilience decides a lot on a city's ability to withstand an external shock. It has evolved naturally from a bounce-back approach to a more robust and meaningful bounce-forward process. The study explores gaps found in community resilience and finds that criteria specific to different disasters are absent.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a multi-criteria decision analysis technique, fuzzy Delphi, to select criteria. Derivation of the initial list of criteria was from a pilot study, a focus group discussion and other literature studies which was followed by the fuzzy Delphi survey.FindingsAfter two rounds of fuzzy Delphi analysis, the consensus among 65 experts resulted in selecting 125 sub-sub-criteria within seven criteria. Findings show that many criteria previously not discussed in other pieces of literature project high fuzzy scores such as “availability of drinking water post-disaster” and “cracking down fake news spreaders by the police”. In addition, positive cooperation between political and religious institutions have proven to expedite disaster recovery.Research limitations/implicationsThe future scope also includes weighing the selected criteria using analytical hierarchy process (AHP).Practical implicationsPolicymakers in the disaster management domain can use the study findings in implementing effective disaster mitigation strategies.Originality/valueThe selection of criteria is based on the community resilience shown by the Kerala community during the floods of 2018 and 2019 (in Kerala). Measures demonstrated by the community need to be studied, which will help foster disaster mitigation better in future scenarios.

The design, implementation and use of wastewater treatment systems (WTS) are fundamental to mitigate hydrological and environmental problems, and to improve population health. Furthermore, the significant advances in treatment systems technology offer, nowadays, several alternatives and provide many combinations of WTS which must be correctly evaluated and constitute a decision problem for public and private investors and decision makers. Thus, this article presents a multi-criteria methodology based on six steps for the evaluation of WTS considering relevant economic, social, technical and environmental criteria. Particularly, forty-eight main criteria were identified and ranked considering their importance based on the previous literature. This methodology was applied in a Brazilian sanitation company in a specific treatment area of approximately five thousand inhabitants and with recurrent environmental problems, such as the contamination and low efficiency of wastewater treatment. Twenty available alternatives were considered and twelve criteria were selected for this application. The AHP and ELECTRE II methods were combined to weight the different criteria and to rank the most suitable WTS. This methodology can be extended and applied in different scenarios to improve the decision-making process., We thank the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brazil (CAPES) for the scholarship as part of the aid for this research -Financial Code 001.

In recent years, PROMETHEE II has emerged as one of the most efficient and successfully applied outranking method in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems. Conventional PROMETHEE II method presumes that the weights of the criteria are known beforehand, and this is rather a stringent assumption. Moreover, the number of preference indices to be evaluated in the method grows enormously with an increase in the number of alternatives to be ranked. In this work, we look at these concerns and propose a methodology inspired by PROMETHEE II that identifies the best criteria first and then, the preference indices are computed with respect to these criteria only. The algorithm is customized in such a way that it curtails the computational time complexity of PROMETHEE II to a great extent. Here, a large number of alternatives-criteria evaluation matrices are simulated with random numeric data to illustrate the proposed method and evaluate its performance. Statistical analysis on the stability of the rankings and the conformity measure proves that the proposed approach may be preferred over PROMETHEE II and TOPSIS methods. Rank correlation coefficients are evaluated, and they indicate the efficacy of the proposed method.

The use of load balance on a network will be very much needed if the network is an active network and is widely accessed by users. A reason is that it allows network imbalances to occur. Round Robin (RR) algorithm can be applied for network load balancing because it is a simple algorithm to schedule processes so that it can provide work process efficiency. Authors use the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method in which it can be applied for criteria selection during papers search to match the title being raised. SLR is divided into five stages, namely formalization of questions, criteria selection, selection of sources, selection of search results, and quality assessment. By using SLR, it is expected that papers according to criteria and quality can be found.

Purpose: Gamma evaluation is the most commonly used technique for comparison of dose distributions for patient-specific pretreatment quality assurance in radiation therapy. Alternative dose comparison techniques have been developed but not widely implemented. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the performance of several previously published alternatives to the gamma evaluation technique, by systematically evaluating a large number of patient-specific quality assurance results. Methods: The agreement indices (or pass rates) for global and local gamma evaluation, maximum allowed dose difference (MADD) and divide and conquer (D&C) techniques were calculated using a selection of acceptance criteria for 429 patient-specific pretreatment quality assurance measurements. Regression analysis was used to quantify the similarity of behavior of each technique, to determine whether possible variations in sensitivity might be present. Results: The results demonstrated that the behavior of D&C gamma analysis and MADD box analysis differs from any other dose comparison techniques, whereas MADD gamma analysis exhibits similar performance to the standard global gamma analysis. Local gamma analysis had the least variation in behavior with criteria selection. Agreement indices calculated for 2%/2 mm and 2%/3 mm, and 3%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm were correlated for most comparison techniques. Conclusion: Radiation oncology treatment centers looking to compare between different dose comparison techniques, criteria or lower dose thresholds may apply the results of this study to estimate the expected change in calculated agreement indices and possible variation in sensitivity to delivery dose errors.

Evaluating criteria selection has significant impacts on data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency estimates. Selecting the proper evaluation criteria lead to successful and meaningful results of decision-making. This study aims to use the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to evaluate the most important constructs and criteria and also establish causality relationships among others for financial holding companies (FHCs) of banks’ operating ability in Taiwan. In this research 15 criteria were confirmed through reviewing various articles associated with this issue. Then, the information from the questionnaire was turned into the DEMATEL questionnaire and was distributed among nine experts and also members of the FHCs of Taiwan. The research results show that employees, total assets, total liabilities, non-interest income, income on investments, net profits before tax, net worth, and EPS are eight causal criteria. Furthermore, operating expenses, capital, interest expenses, interest income, operating income, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE) are seven effect criteria.

Personel seçim süreci, hem personel istihdam eden örgüt hem de işe alınan personel için hayati önem taşıyan bir süreçtir. Doğru personelin seçilmesi örgüte etkinlik ve verimlilik gibi faydalar sağlarken, işe alınan personele de iş tatmini, örgüte bağlılık ve yaşam doyumu gibi faydalar sağlar. Ancak doğru personelin seçilmesi, doğru seçim kriterlerinin kullanılması ile mümkün olmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada, personel seçim sürecinde kullanılan kriterlerin çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden BestWorst Metodu (BWM) ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle literatürde kullanılan personel seçim süreci kriterleri belirlenmiş, daha sonra bu seçim kriterleri uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda BWM ile analiz edilmiştir. Beş kriter 35 alt kriterin kullanıldığı analiz sonucunda en önemli kriterler sırasıyla “mesleki donanım kriterleri”, “kişisel özellik kriterleri” ve “sosyal beceri kriterleri”, en önemli alt kriterler ise sırasıyla “mesleki bilgi ve uzmanlık”, “iş/sektör deneyimi”, “mesleki eğitim geçmişi”, “doğruluk ve dürüstlük” ve “problem çözme becerisi” olarak bulunmuştur., The personnel selection process is a vital process for both the organization employing personnel and the recruited personnel. While choosing the right personnel provides benefits such as efficiency and productivity to the organization, it also provides benefits such as job satisfaction, commitment to the organization and life satisfaction to the recruited personnel. However, selecting the right personnel is possible by using the right selection criteria. From this point of view, in this study, it was purposed to evaluate the criteria used in the personnel selection process with the Best-Worst Method (BWM), one of the multi-criteria decision making methods. For this purpose, firstly the personnel selection process criteria used in the literature were determined, then these selection criteria were analyzed by BWM in line with expert opinions. As a result of the analysis using five criteria and 35 sub-criteria, the most important criteria are, respectively, “professional qualification criteria”, “personal characteristics criteria” and “social skills criteria”, and the most important sub-criteria are “professional knowledge and expertise”, “job/industry experience”, “professional education background”, “accuracy and honesty” and “problem solving skills” has been found.

This study investigates the criteria of an ideal partner among university student by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). A questionnaire survey has been distributed to respondents in nine faculties in UTHM with the total of 11 criteria of an ideal woman and 11 criteria of an ideal man have been listed for respondents to rank based on their priorities. The objective of the study is to determine the priority criteria of man and woman that most students considered before getting marriage. Some comparison of selection criteria for an ideal partner between Malay and non-Malay has been analysed. Result shows the main priority criteria for an ideal man are religious followed by responsible, loyal, honest, loving, mature, hygiene, ambitious, rich, intelligent and good looking. Meanwhile, the main priority criteria for an ideal woman are religious followed by honest, motherly, patient, beautiful, polite, cooking, friendly, cheerful, intelligent and independent. The comparison between non-Malay present the main criteria of an ideal man and ideal woman are responsible and beautiful. One of the significant findings throughout the research was majority of the respondents agreed that religious become the main criteria in selecting a right partner and highly significant difference in selection criteria of an ideal partner between Malay and non-Malay.

A Green building material (GBM) is an environmentally friendly, health-promoting, recycled and high-performance construction materials that affect the selection of materials for all three sustainability pillars (3Ps). The lack of proper instructions for GBM and the difficulty in adjusting GBM sustainability criteria become a challenge for GBM selection. Different strategies have been implemented to meet current and future requirements. This study mainly focused on the GBM criteria selection, through literature review, and expert judgement. A total of three main criteria and 32 sub-criteria have been found. Hence, this study provides sustainable assessment criteria for GBM selection in the Malaysian construction industry.

The more criteria a human decision involves, the more inconsistent the decision. This study experimentally examines the effect on the degree of pairwise comparison inconsistency by using the (im)possibility of selecting the criteria for the evaluation and the size of the decision-making problem. A total of 358 participants completed objective and subjective tasks. While the former was associated with one possible correct solution, there was no single correct solution for the latter. The design of the experiment enabled the acquisition of eight groups in which the degree of inconsistency was quantified using three inconsistency indices (the Consistency Index, the Consistency Ratio and the Euclidean distance) and these were analysed by the repeated measures ANOVA. The results show a significant dependence of the degree of inconsistency on the method of determining the criteria for pairwise evaluation. If participants are randomly given the criteria, then with more criteria, the overall inconsistency of the comparison decreases. If the participants can themselves choose the criteria for the comparison, then with more criteria, the overall inconsistency of the comparison increases. This statistical dependence exists only for males. For females, the dependence is the opposite, but it is not statistically significant.

Measuring the performance of railway undertakings is inevitably becoming a prerequisite for their survival on the market in today's dynamic and highly turbulent environment. Railway undertakings must find optimal solutions in order to efficiently and effectively operate, survive on the transport market, and develop and maintain their competitive advantages as well. The objective of this research is to define and evaluate the criteria that affect the efficiency of railway undertakings, increase their competitiveness and propose a DEA-based approach (i.e. a Data-Envelopment-Analysis-based approach) to the assessment of the efficiency of railway undertakings in increasing competitiveness. In order to solve the criteria selection problem, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Processes (FAHP) method was experimented with, which showed the priority of the assessment of the efficiency of railway undertakings, on the basis of the five groups of criteria. The criteria in a group that outperformed the other criteria in that group for their freight transport railway undertakings within a composite normalized range were used as the input and output indicators for the DEA. The evaluation of the efficiency of the railway undertakings was considered by using the DEA approach. The results show that the proposed approach successfully enables the consolidation of a set of criteria (resource, operational, financial, quality and safety) into a single assessment of the efficiency of the railway undertakings, while providing information on the corrective actions that can improve the efficiency of the railway undertakings.

Twenty years of research improved the classification of ovarian carcinoma, making the diagnostic relevant from a scientific and clinical perspective. Our research question was to find out if old studies are still pertinent under new diagnostic criteria and how we can use machine learning techniques for re-classification purposes.The same main investigator re-classified 60 cases of ovarian carcinoma after 15 years, using 2014 WHO diagnostic criteria. Selected pathology data only (macro, micro information and immunohistochemistry images coming from a seven-stain panel) were provided for digital analysis. Biomarker images were digitalized and quantified using open source software and a validated methodology. 1080 attributes were classified using a random forest (open source) algorithm, using a supervised learning technique (the training dataset used 180 attributes). Human results were considered “ground truth” for the digital analysis.The human analysis maintained the initial histopathologic diagnostic in 61.5% of cases. The digital prediction shows 80% accuracy and 73% precision when compared with human reclassified data. Based on results, we concluded that “recycling” of old studies is possible. Limitation of the study are the low number of cases analyzed, the total absence of clinical, treatment and prognostic data and a possible human criteria selection bias. Even if technical difficulties related to biomarker selection and histological analysis exist, digital investigation of existing, large archival registries is feasible, reliable and it can be done at a low cost.

The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and select a Seventh Party logistic service provider as a Multi criteria Decision Making Problem using Electre Method. This method allows in outranking and choosing a promising 7PL among the alternatives by consider various parameters. Evaluation and selection procedure is discussed in detail. Electre method is often used for ranking among alternatives.

The article describes the process of video materials’ criteria selection for building pre-service food technologist’s speech production competence and the procedure of video materials selection according to these criteria. The article defines the definition of selection criteria and determines factors were considered in the process of video materials’ selection criteria specification.

Cultural heritage buildings are an important origin of a country‘s cultural memory, originality, and attractiveness, which motivated cultural growth, economic development, and social employment. However, cultural heritage buildings threaten to decay regarding the contributing poor funding for cultural heritage buildings preservation and maintenance, increasing urbanization changes. The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings is one of the reasons, helping to preserve heritage buildings. This paper submits qualitative and quantitative criteria and subcriteria for the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings. The set of criteria consists of economic, social, environmental, cultural heritage and legal criterion. Article in Lithuanian. Kriterijų parinkimas kultūros paveldo pastatų pakartotiniam naudojimui Santrauka.Kultūrospaveldo pastatai– svarbus šalies kultūrinės atminties, savitumo ir patrauklumo šaltinis, skatinantis šalies kultūrinį augimą, ekonominį vystymąsi ir socialinį užimtumą. Tačiau, skiriant nepakankamą finansavimąpaveldo pastatų priežiūrai ir išsaugojimui, didėjant urbanizacijos pokyčiams gresia šių pastatų sunykimas. Todėlpaveldo pastatų pakartotinis naudojimas– viena iš išeičių, padėsiančių išsaugotipaveldo pastatus. Straipsnyje siūlomaspaveldo pastatų pakartotinio naudojimo kriterijų rinkinys. Pasiūlyti kriterijai suskirstyti į kiekybinius ir kokybinius kriterijus bei subkriterijus. Kriterijų rinkinį sudaro ekonominiai, socialiniai, aplinkos, kultūrospaveldo ir teisiniai kriterijai. Kriterijai skirtipaveldo pastatų pakartotinio naudojimo alternatyvoms vertinti. Reikšminiai žodžiai: paveldo pastatai, kultūros pastatai, pakartotinis naudojimas, kriterijai, vertinimas.

Psoriasis is associated with multiple co-morbid medical conditions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationships between psoriasis and cardiovascular disease, psoriatic arthritis, mental health conditions, and immune-mediated diseases, respectively. A literature search was performed during the study period January 1, 2015 to December 18, 2018. Of 2,499 records identified, 28 met our criteria selection and were included in this review. The relationships between psoriasis and these multiple comorbid disease conditions are discussed and are important to consider when developing the treatment plan and overall management of patients with psoriasis. Early recognition and treatment of comorbid disease conditions is important to help improve the quality of life for these patients.

This research evaluated the effect of milking on the physical exam of the mammary gland (MG) and milk examination in Saanen goats. Six properties were selected, four farms were used after evaluation of criteria selection and distributed in two groups according to the milking method: manual or mechanical. The physical examination of MG was performed using the techniques of inspection and palpation, in addition to the examination of the milk by strip cup, California Mastitis Test, somatic cell count, and bacteriological exam. It was possible to detect an association between the milking method with the most of physical exam of the MG: inspection of the MG (p = 0.001), inspection of the teat (p = 0.002), palpation of the MG (p = 0.054) and palpation of the teat (p = 0.036). The machine milking had an association with the reduction of the volume of MG (OR = 6.00), reduction of the teat size (OR = 16.19), and firm consistency of mammary parenchyma (OR = 2.39). The use of machine milking represented a less risk for an increase of the volume of the MG volume (OR = 0.288) and the presence of cisternitis (OR = 0.490). The association between the SCC and the type of milking was also detected (p = 0.002). Machine milking was associated with changesin the physical exam of MG and milk examination compatible with traumatic lesions. This information indicates inappropriate use of milking equipment in the dairy goat’s properties.

Additive Manufacturing Technologies is one of the enabling technologies within the industry 4.0. However, there are other more traditional manufacturing processes to develop polymer parts and can compete in efficiency and effectiveness as is the Vacuum Casting. In this paper, this technology is compared with one of the most used Additive Manufacturing technologies for polymeric parts such as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). In this way a comparative will be established between the two processes, based on the functional performance of products obtained with both processes, based on the most important parameters in each one. To achieve this end, the process will be analysed, as well as the problems inherent to them and the most common defectology in the parts obtained. The functional integrity of the pieces will be quantified according to the surface characteristics (surface roughness) as well as the mechanical characteristics (tensile strength). With the data obtained, it is possible to establish a possible alternative, with a traditional process to additive manufacturing processes for a certain range of parts with certain characteristics.

Purpose: This paper proposes a new model for further research on how to select criteria in supplier selection, through a literature review and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of previously used methods. Design/methodology/approach: The methods used to select criteria in supplier selection were extracted from various online academic databases. The weaknesses and advantages of these methods were then analyzed. Based on these findings, several opportunities for improvement are proposed for further research. Finally, criteria design methods for the selection of suppliers are proposed using statistical multi-criteria decision making (S-MCDM) methods. Findings: Direction and guidance for subsequent research to select the criteria used in supplier selection, based on the advantages and disadvantages of the decision methods used. Research limitations/implications: Limitations of this study are that it is focused on the methods of criteria design in supplier selection. Practical implications: This study can provide a research direction on the selection of criteria for supplier selection. Social implications: This study provides ongoing guidance and avenues for further research. Originality/value: New ideas for working out the developmental strategy for criteria selection are provided by statistical MCDM methods in supplier selection.

The Oleiferous Brassica species, commonly known as rapeseed-mustard, are one of the economically important agricultural commodities. Rapeseed-mustard comprising eight different species viz., Indian mustard, toria, yellow sarson, brown sarson, gobhi sarson, karan rai, black mustard and taramira, are being cultivated in 53 countries spreading all over the globe . The oil and protein content varies from 37 to 49% and 22-28%, respectively. The rapeseed-mustard, which contributes nearly 80% of the total rabi oilseed production, is a vital component in edible oil sector. The rapeseed- mustard crops are diverse in their agro-climatic requirements and crop management practices. The production constraints facing each of the crops are also diverse in nature. The objective of raising domestic availability of edible oil can be realized only by increasing the productivity of these oilseed crops. Enhancing the production and productivity of the crop assumes significance; not only from the farmers’ viewpoint but also for the edible oil industry and other vertically and horizontally linked enterprises.

Ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics (SFCs) of ungauged catchments are often estimated from simulated runoff of hydrologic models that were originally calibrated on gauged catchments. However, SFC estimates of the gauged donor catchments and subsequently the ungauged catchments can be substantially uncertain when models are calibrated using traditional approaches based on optimization of statistical performance metrics (e.g., Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency). An improved calibration strategy for gauged catchments is therefore crucial to help reduce the uncertainties of estimated SFCs for ungauged catchments. The aim of this study was to improve SFC estimates from modeled runoff time series in gauged catchments by explicitly including one or several SFCs in the calibration process. Different types of objective functions were defined consisting of the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency, single SFCs, or combinations thereof. We calibrated a bucket-type runoff model (HBV – Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenavdelning – model) for 25 catchments in the Tennessee River basin and evaluated the proposed calibration approach on 13 ecologically relevant SFCs representing major flow regime components and different flow conditions. While the model generally tended to underestimate the tested SFCs related to mean and high-flow conditions, SFCs related to low flow were generally overestimated. The highest estimation accuracies were achieved by a SFC-specific model calibration. Estimates of SFCs not included in the calibration process were of similar quality when comparing a multi-SFC calibration approach to a traditional model efficiency calibration. For practical applications, this implies that SFCs should preferably be estimated from targeted runoff model calibration, and modeled estimates need to be carefully interpreted.

The number of fatalities in the construction industry is highest among all industries, thus, various losses in the form of fatalities in construction represent a significant factor for safety management. If a fatality occurs, it is important to estimate the overall loss, as a significant financial loss occurs for each project participant. However, in studies of the cost of accidents involving a fatality conducted abroad, the framework cannot be applied as it is because insurance types, systems, and legal cost systems differ by country. Therefore, we developed a framework for calculating the fatality loss considering various aspects of labor, industry, and regulations in Korea. This was done in four steps: (i) data collection and criteria selection, (ii) proposed framework development, (iii) conduct of questionnaire surveys for the case study, and (iv) analysis and evaluation of the case study. As a result of the data analysis after the case study of general construction companies, the total fatality loss was estimated to be 2,198,260 USD/person. The contributions of this study are the development of a framework composed of newly discovered items that can acquire reliable data in consideration of the properties of the construction industry.

To mitigate car traffic problems, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) issued a document that provides guidelines for sustainable development and the promotion of public transport. The efficiency of the policies and strategies needs to be evaluated to improve the performance of public transportation networks. To assess the performance of a public transport network, it is first necessary to select evaluation criteria. Based on existing indicators, this research proposes a public transport criteria matrix that includes the basic public transport infrastructure level, public transport service level, economic benefit level, and sustainable development level. A public transport criteria matrix AHP model is established to assess the performance of public transport networks. The established model selects appropriate evaluation criteria based on existing performance standards. It is applied to study the Stonnington, Bayswater, and Cockburn public transport network, representing a series of land use and transport policy backgrounds. The local public transport authorities can apply the established transport criteria matrix AHP model to monitor the performance of a public transport network and provide guidance for its improvement.

The article suggests innovative model for assessment of labour market subjects’ competitiveness, or successfulness. The authors state that general complex indicator for individual competitiveness within the labour market cannot be identified. Instead, precise enough assessment of such competitiveness can be based on some variables, though different for in-house and external labour market. The model of latent variables’ assessment based on Rasch’s method was selected as the base for the suggested method. The assessment model gives unbiased generalized values of subjects’ competitiveness on the linear non-dimensional scale based on the partial estimates of the selected criteria. The free choice of these criteria allows the model’s appliance for various labour market segments. The article demonstrates the mathematical grounding for the model; methodic of the assessment criteria selection; the way of assessment performance using MS Excel. It also analyses the features of the obtained estimates and shows their comparison with the estimates obtained by traditional methods. The model suggested by the authors can introduce any quantitative parameter of competitiveness as a variable after analysis of the factors affecting it. The quantitative estimates of these factors become the model’s criteria, but the assessment precision does not alter.