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1. An Explainable AI System for Automated COVID-19 Assessment and Lesion Categorization from CT-scans

Author

Pennisi, Matteo, Kavasidis, Isaak, Spampinato, Concetto, Schininà, Vincenzo, Palazzo, Simone, Rundo, Francesco, Cristofaro, Massimo, Campioni, Paolo, Pianura, Elisa, Di Stefano, Federica, Petrone, Ada, Albarello, Fabrizio, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Cuzzocrea, Salvatore, and Conoci, Sabrina

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 pathogen is a catastrophic pandemic outbreak all over the world with exponential increasing of confirmed cases and, unfortunately, deaths. In this work we propose an AI-powered pipeline, based on the deep-learning paradigm, for automated COVID-19 detection and lesion categorization from CT scans. We first propose a new segmentation module aimed at identifying automatically lung parenchyma and lobes. Next, we combined such segmentation network with classification networks for COVID-19 identification and lesion categorization. We compare the obtained classification results with those obtained by three expert radiologists on a dataset consisting of 162 CT scans. Results showed a sensitivity of 90\% and a specificity of 93.5% for COVID-19 detection, outperforming those yielded by the expert radiologists, and an average lesion categorization accuracy of over 84%. Results also show that a significant role is played by prior lung and lobe segmentation that allowed us to enhance performance by over 20 percent points. The interpretation of the trained AI models, moreover, reveals that the most significant areas for supporting the decision on COVID-19 identification are consistent with the lesions clinically associated to the virus, i.e., crazy paving, consolidation and ground glass. This means that the artificial models are able to discriminate a positive patient from a negative one (both controls and patients with interstitial pneumonia tested negative to COVID) by evaluating the presence of those lesions into CT scans. Finally, the AI models are integrated into a user-friendly GUI to support AI explainability for radiologists, which is publicly available at http://perceivelab.com/covid-ai.

Published
2021

3. Ultrastructure of the Spermiogenesis in Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): X-Irradiation and New Insights on the Centriolar Region Organization.

Author

Paoli, Francesco, Cristofaro, Massimo, Roselli, Gerardo, Sasso, Raffaele, Musmeci, Sergio, Barbieri, Francesco, Sciandra, Chiara, Vanoni, Valentina, Menegotti, Loris, Roversi, Pio Federico, Anfora, Gianfranco, Mercati, David, and Dallai, Romano

Subjects
*BROWN marmorated stink bug, *INSECT pest control, *INSECT sterilization, *INSECT pests, *CENTRIOLES
Abstract

Simple Summary: The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, native to Asia, is now an insect pest in several countries. The sterile insect technique (SIT), involving the sterilization of insects by ionizing radiation and field release, is one method to control insect pest. This study examines the ultrastructure of H. halys spermiogenesis in both irradiated and wild males. Typical hemipteran sperm features were observed, such as mitochondrial derivative–axoneme bridges, the absence of accessory bodies, crystalline inclusions in mitochondrial derivatives, an acrosome with packed tubules, and a plaque-shaped microtubular organizing center (MTOC) in the centriolar region. Occasionally, two centrioles were observed in spermatids, with one disappearing later—a novel feature for insect spermiogenesis. In irradiated adults, cysts exhibited inconsistent radiation effects, including disorganized sperm arrangement, incomplete sperm cell divisions, multiple organelle copies within cells, failure to reabsorb cytoplasm, and a lack of axonemes. Additionally, rod-shaped viruses or virus-like particles were found in vasa deferentia, regardless of irradiation. Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is an insect pest native to Asia that has spread over the last two decades to most of the North America, parts of South America, Europe and North Africa. Its impact is significant as it can feed on more than 300 host plants, rendering affected fruits and vegetable crops unsellable or of lower quality. Various chemical and biological methods have been used to control this pest, with varying degrees of success. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a pest control method involving the sterilization of insects via ionizing radiation and their subsequent mass release into the field. In the present contribution, the spermiogenesis of H. halys was studied from an ultrastructural point of view in both irradiated and non-irradiated adult males. In both cases, we observed ultrastructural characteristics typical of hemipteran sperm cells: bridges connecting the mitochondrial derivatives and the axonemal microtubules, the absence of accessory bodies, and the presence of two or three crystalline inclusions within the mitochondrial derivatives, an acrosome composed of tightly packed tubules, and an atypical, plaque-shaped microtubular organizing center (MTOC) in the centriolar region. Moreover, in the same region, we seldom observed the presence of two centrioles in the spermatids, one of which disappeared at a later stage of maturation. This feature is a novelty for insect spermiogenesis. The cysts of irradiated adults were not all uniformly affected by the radiation. However, irradiated cysts sometimes exhibited a general disorganization of sperm arrangement, incomplete divisions of sperm cells resulting in multiple copies of the same organelle within the same cell, failure to reabsorb the cytoplasm, and the lack of axonemes. Finally, rod-shaped viruses or virus-like particles were observed in vasa deferentia independently of irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Risk and predictive factors of prolonged viral RNA shedding in upper respiratory specimens in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to an Italian reference hospital

Author

Abbonizio, Maria Alessandra, Abdeddaim, Amina, Agostini, Elisabetta, Agrati, Chiara, Albarello, Fabrizio, Amadei, Gioia, Amendola, Alessandra, Antinori, Andrea, Antonica, Maria Assunta, Antonini, Mario, Bartoli, Tommaso Ascoli, Baldini, Francesco, Barbaro, Raffaella, Bartolini, Barbara, Bellagamba, Rita, Benigni, Martina, Bevilacqua, Nazario, Biava, Gianluigi, Bibas, Michele, Bordi, Licia, Bordoni, Veronica, Boumis, Evangelo, Branca, Marta, Buonomo, Rosanna, Busso, Donatella, Camici, Marta, Campioni, Paolo, Canichella, Flaminia, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, Capone, Alessandro, Caporale, Cinzia, Caraffa, Emanuela, Caravella, Ilaria, Carletti, Fabrizio, Castilletti, Concetta, Cataldo, Adriana, Cerilli, Stefano, Cerva, Carlotta, Chiappini, Roberta, Chinello, Pierangelo, Cianfarani, Maria Assunta, Ciaralli, Carmine, Cimaglia, Claudia, Cinicola, Nicola, Ciotti, Veronica, Cicalini, Stefania, Colavita, Francesca, Corpolongo, Angela, Cristofaro, Massimo, Curiale, Salvatore, D’Abramo, Alessandra, Dantimi, Cristina, De Angelis, Alessia, De Angelis, Giada, De Palo, Maria Grazia, De Zottis, Federico, Di Bari, Virginia, Di Lorenzo, Rachele, Di Stefano, Federica, D’Offizi, Gianpiero, Donno, Davide, Evangelista, Francesca, Faraglia, Francesca, Farina, Anna, Ferraro, Federica, Fiorentini, Lorena, Frustaci, Andrea, Fusetti, Matteo, Galati, Vincenzo, Gagliardini, Roberta, Gallì, Paola, Garotto, Gabriele, Gaviano, Ilaria, Tekle, Saba Gebremeskel, Giancola, Maria Letizia, Giansante, Filippo, Giombini, Emanuela, Granata, Guido, Greci, Maria Cristina, Grilli, Elisabetta, Grisetti, Susanna, Gualano, Gina, Iacomi, Fabio, Iaconi, Marta, Iannicelli, Giuseppina, Inversi, Carlo, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Lalle, Eleonora, Lamanna, Maria Elena, Lanini, Simone, Lapa, Daniele, Lepore, Luciana, Libertone, Raffaella, Lionetti, Raffaella, Liuzzi, Giuseppina, Loiacono, Laura, Lucia, Andrea, Lufrani, Franco, Macchione, Manuela, Maffongelli, Gaetano, Marani, Alessandra, Marchioni, Luisa, Mariano, Andrea, Marini, Maria Cristina, Maritti, Micaela, Mastrobattista, Annelisa, Mastrorosa, Ilaria, Matusali, Giulia, Mazzotta, Valentina, Mencarini, Paola, Meschi, Silvia, Messina, Francesco, Micarelli, Sibiana, Mogavero, Giulia, Mondi, Annalisa, Montalbano, Marzia, Montaldo, Chiara, Mosti, Silvia, Murachelli, Silvia, Musso, Maria, Nardi, Michela, Navarra, Assunta, Nicastri, Emanuele, Nocioni, Martina, Noto, Pasquale, Noto, Roberto, Oliva, Alessandra, Onnis, Ilaria, Ottou, Sandrine, Palazzolo, Claudia, Pallini, Emanuele, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Palombi, Giulio, Pareo, Carlo, Passeri, Virgilio, Pelliccioni, Federico, Penna, Giovanna, Petrecchia, Antonella, Petrone, Ada, Petrosillo, Nicola, Pianura, Elisa, Pinnetti, Carmela, Pisciotta, Maria, Piselli, Pierluca, Pittalis, Silvia, Pontarelli, Agostina, Proietti, Costanza, Puro, Vincenzo, Ramazzini, Paolo Migliorisi, Rianda, Alessia, Rinonapoli, Gabriele, Rosati, Silvia, Rubino, Dorotea, Rueca, Martina, Ruggeri, Alberto, Sacchi, Alessandra, Sampaolesi, Alessandro, Sanasi, Francesco, Santagata, Carmen, Scarabello, Alessandra, Scarcia, Silvana, Schininà, Vincenzo, Scognamiglio, Paola, Scorzolini, Laura, Stazi, Giulia, Strano, Giacomo, Taglietti, Fabrizio, Taibi, Chiara, Taloni, Giorgia, Nardi, Tetaj, Tonnarini, Roberto, Topino, Simone, Tozzi, Martina, Vaia, Francesco, Vairo, Francesco, Valli, Maria Beatrice, Vergori, Alessandra, Vincenzi, Laura, Visco-Comandini, Ubaldo, Vita, Serena, Vittozzi, Pietro, Zaccarelli, Mauro, Zanetti, Antonella, Zito, Sara, Lorenzini, Patrizia, Di Gennaro, Francesco, and Girardi, Enrico

Published
2021
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8. 2019-novel Coronavirus severe adult respiratory distress syndrome in two cases in Italy: An uncommon radiological presentation

Author

Abbonizio, Maria Alessandra, Agrati, Chiara, Albarello, Fabrizio, Amadei, Gioia, Amendola, Alessandra, Antonini, Mario, Barbaro, Raffaella, Bartolini, Barbara, Benigni, Martina, Bevilacqua, Nazario, Bordi, Licia, Bordoni, Veronica, Branca, Marta, Campioni, Paolo, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, Caporale, Cinzia, Caravella, Ilaria, Carletti, Fabrizio, Castilletti, Concetta, Chiappini, Roberta, Ciaralli, Carmine, Colavita, Francesca, Corpolongo, Angela, Cristofaro, Massimo, Curiale, Salvatore, D’Abramo, Alessandra, Dantimi, Cristina, Angelis, Alessia De, Angelis, Giada De, Lorenzo, Rachele Di, Stefano, Federica Di, Ferraro, Federica, Fiorentini, Lorena, Frustaci, Andrea, Gallì, Paola, Garotto, Gabriele, Giancola, Maria Letizia, Giansante, Filippo, Giombini, Emanuela, Greci, Maria Cristina, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Lalle, Eleonora, Lanini, Simone, Lapa, Daniele, Lepore, Luciana, Lucia, Andrea, Lufrani, Franco, Macchione, Manuela, Marani, Alessandra, Marchioni, Luisa, Mariano, Andrea, Marini, Maria Cristina, Maritti, Micaela, Matusali, Giulia, Meschi, Silvia, Montaldo, Francesco Messina Chiara, Murachelli, Silvia, Nicastri, Emanuele, Noto, Roberto, Palazzolo, Claudia, Pallini, Emanuele, Passeri, Virgilio, Pelliccioni, Federico, Petrecchia, Antonella, Petrone, Ada, Petrosillo, Nicola, Pianura, Elisa, Pisciotta, Maria, Pittalis, Silvia, Proietti, Costanza, Puro, Vincenzo, Rinonapoli, Gabriele, Rueca, Martina, Sacchi, Alessandra, Sanasi, Francesco, Santagata, Carmen, Scarcia, Silvana, Schininà, Vincenzo, Scognamiglio, Paola, Scorzolini, Laura, Stazi, Giulia, Vaia, Francesco, Vairo, Francesco, Valli, Maria Beatrice, Di Stefano, Federica, Eskild, Petersen, and Zumla, Alimuddin

Published
2020
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13. Effects of γ-Irradiation on Mating Behavior of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Author

Cristofaro, Massimo, primary, Fornari, Chiara, additional, Mariani, Flaminia, additional, Cemmi, Alessia, additional, Guedj, Michèle, additional, Ben Jamaa, Mohamed Lahbib, additional, Msaad Guerfali, Meriem, additional, Tabone, Elisabeth, additional, Castellana, Robert, additional, Sasso, Raffaele, additional, and Musmeci, Sergio, additional

Published
2023
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14. Combining Irradiation and Biological Control against Brown Marmorated Stink Bug: Are Sterile Eggs a Suitable Substrate for the Egg Parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus?

Author

Roselli, Gerardo, primary, Anfora, Gianfranco, additional, Sasso, Raffaele, additional, Zapponi, Livia, additional, Musmeci, Sergio, additional, Cemmi, Alessia, additional, Suckling, David Maxwell, additional, Hoelmer, Kim Alan, additional, Ioriatti, Claudio, additional, and Cristofaro, Massimo, additional

Published
2023
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18. Effects of Irradiation on Biology and Mating Behaviour of Wild Males of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Using a 6 MV Medical Linear Accelerator

Author

Roselli, Gerardo, primary, Anfora, Gianfranco, additional, Suckling, David Maxwell, additional, Mazzoni, Valerio, additional, Vanoni, Valentina, additional, Menegotti, Loris, additional, Fellin, Lorenzo, additional, Rossi Stacconi, Marco Valerio, additional, Ioriatti, Claudio, additional, and Cristofaro, Massimo, additional

Published
2023
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29. The Effect of the Sterile Insect Technique on Vibrational Communication: The Case of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Author

Peccerillo, Chiara, Mainardi, Chiara Elvira, Nieri, Rachele, Fouani, Jalal Melhem, Cemmi, Alessia, Cristofaro, Massimo, Anfora, Gianfranco, and Mazzoni, Valerio

Subjects
ANIMAL courtship, ANIMAL sexual behavior, RADIATION sterilization, INSECTS, AGRICULTURAL pests, STINKBUGS, HEMIPTERA
Abstract

Simple Summary: The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an eco-friendly control strategy, but to implement it effectively, the insects that are subject to sterilization through irradiation should have fitness levels that are comparable to wildtype individuals. This study aims to evaluate the potential use of this technique for the control of Bagrada hilaris by investigating the efficacy of courtship in pairs of insects with untreated females and males irradiated at 60 and 100 Gy under laboratory conditions, with a focus on vibrational communication. Males irradiated at 60 Gy and the controls (unirradiated males) exhibit reproductive behaviors and mating abilities that are similar to each other, while insects irradiated at 100 Gy show a severe decrease in the quality of sexual performance. The painted bug, Bagrada hilaris, is an agricultural pest in its original areas (Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East), and it has recently been recorded as an invasive species in southwestern part of the US, Chile, Mexico, and two islands in the Mediterranean basin. Its polyphagous diet causes severe damage to economically important crops. The control of this pest is primarily achieved by means of synthetic pesticides, which are often expensive, ineffective, and harmful to the ecosystem. Recent physiological bioassays to assess its potential control through the sterile insect technique demonstrated that mating between untreated females and males irradiated at doses of 64 and 100 Gy, respectively, resulted in 90% and 100% sterility of the eggs produced by the females. In this study, the mating abilities of virgin males irradiated at 60 and 100 Gy with virgin females were measured through a study of short-range courtship mediated by vibrational communication. The results indicate that males irradiated at 100 Gy emit signals with lower peak frequencies, mate significantly less than unirradiated males do, and do not surpass the early stages of courtship. Conversely, males irradiated at 60 Gy present vibrational signal frequencies that are comparable to those of the control and successfully mated males. Our findings suggest that B. hilaris individuals irradiated at 60 Gy are good candidates for the control of this species, given that they retain sexual competitiveness regardless of their sterility, through an area-wide program that incorporates the sterile insect technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Imaging Severity COVID-19 Assessment in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients: Comparison of the Different Variants in a High Volume Italian Reference Center

Author

Granata, Vincenza, primary, Fusco, Roberta, additional, Villanacci, Alberta, additional, Magliocchetti, Simona, additional, Urraro, Fabrizio, additional, Tetaj, Nardi, additional, Marchioni, Luisa, additional, Albarello, Fabrizio, additional, Campioni, Paolo, additional, Cristofaro, Massimo, additional, Di Stefano, Federica, additional, Fusco, Nicoletta, additional, Petrone, Ada, additional, Schininà, Vincenzo, additional, Grassi, Francesca, additional, Girardi, Enrico, additional, and Ianniello, Stefania, additional

Published
2022
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34. Increases radiation dose for chest CT scan in COVID-19

Author

cristofaro, massimo

Subjects
Radioprotection / Radiation dose, Dosimetric comparison, Technical aspects, CT
Abstract

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: The diagnostic imaging with a chest CT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is the key point for early screening, differential diagnosis, staging, the severity of the disease and to plan the possible therapy in the intensive care unit. The evolution...

Published
2022
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35. Economic and workload impact of sars cov2 infection in department of diagnostic imaging

Author

cristofaro, massimo

Subjects
Economics, Health policy and practice, PACS, Management
Abstract

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented effect on national radiologicalinvestigations. The aim of this work is to evaluate the economic impact on Radiology Department of an infectious disease...

Published
2022
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37. Quantitative Analysis of Residual COVID-19 Lung CT Features: Consistency among Two Commercial Software

Author

Granata, Vincenza, primary, Ianniello, Stefania, additional, Fusco, Roberta, additional, Urraro, Fabrizio, additional, Pupo, Davide, additional, Magliocchetti, Simona, additional, Albarello, Fabrizio, additional, Campioni, Paolo, additional, Cristofaro, Massimo, additional, Di Stefano, Federica, additional, Fusco, Nicoletta, additional, Petrone, Ada, additional, Schininà, Vincenzo, additional, Villanacci, Alberta, additional, Grassi, Francesca, additional, Grassi, Roberta, additional, and Grassi, Roberto, additional

Published
2021
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40. Management of Spontaneous Bleeding in COVID-19 Inpatients: Is Embolization Always Needed?

Author

Riu, Pascale, primary, Albarello, Fabrizio, additional, Di Stefano, Federica, additional, Vergori, Alessandra, additional, D’Abramo, Alessandra, additional, Cerini, Carlo, additional, Nocioni, Martina, additional, Morucci, Maurizio, additional, Tetaj, Nardi, additional, Cristofaro, Massimo, additional, Schininà, Vincenzo, additional, Campioni, Paolo, additional, Petrone, Ada, additional, Fusco, Nicoletta, additional, Marchioni, Luisa, additional, Antinori, Andrea, additional, Nicastri, Emanuele, additional, Cianni, Roberto, additional, and Ianniello, Stefania, additional

Published
2021
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42. An explainable AI system for automated COVID-19 assessment and lesion categorization from CT-scans

Author

Pennisi, Matteo, primary, Kavasidis, Isaak, additional, Spampinato, Concetto, additional, Schinina, Vincenzo, additional, Palazzo, Simone, additional, Salanitri, Federica Proietto, additional, Bellitto, Giovanni, additional, Rundo, Francesco, additional, Aldinucci, Marco, additional, Cristofaro, Massimo, additional, Campioni, Paolo, additional, Pianura, Elisa, additional, Di Stefano, Federica, additional, Petrone, Ada, additional, Albarello, Fabrizio, additional, Ippolito, Giuseppe, additional, Cuzzocrea, Salvatore, additional, and Conoci, Sabrina, additional

Published
2021
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43. Field Assessment of the Host Range of Aculus mosoniensis (Acari: Eriophyidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Author

Marini, Francesca, primary, Profeta, Erica, additional, Vidović, Biljana, additional, Petanović, Radmila, additional, de Lillo, Enrico, additional, Weyl, Philip, additional, Hinz, Hariet L., additional, Moffat, Chandra E., additional, Bon, Marie-Claude, additional, Cvrković, Tatjana, additional, Kashefi, Javid, additional, Sforza, René F. H., additional, and Cristofaro, Massimo, additional

Published
2021
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46. Risk and predictive factors of prolonged viral RNA shedding in upper respiratory specimens in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to an Italian reference hospital

Author

Mondi, Annalisa, primary, Lorenzini, Patrizia, additional, Castilletti, Concetta, additional, Gagliardini, Roberta, additional, Lalle, Eleonora, additional, Corpolongo, Angela, additional, Valli, Maria Beatrice, additional, Taglietti, Fabrizio, additional, Cicalini, Stefania, additional, Loiacono, Laura, additional, Di Gennaro, Francesco, additional, D’Offizi, Gianpiero, additional, Palmieri, Fabrizio, additional, Nicastri, Emanuele, additional, Agrati, Chiara, additional, Petrosillo, Nicola, additional, Ippolito, Giuseppe, additional, Vaia, Francesco, additional, Girardi, Enrico, additional, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, additional, Antinori, Andrea, additional, Zito, Sara, additional, Abbonizio, Maria Alessandra, additional, Abdeddaim, Amina, additional, Agostini, Elisabetta, additional, Albarello, Fabrizio, additional, Amadei, Gioia, additional, Amendola, Alessandra, additional, Antonica, Maria Assunta, additional, Antonini, Mario, additional, Bartoli, Tommaso Ascoli, additional, Baldini, Francesco, additional, Barbaro, Raffaella, additional, Bartolini, Barbara, additional, Bellagamba, Rita, additional, Benigni, Martina, additional, Bevilacqua, Nazario, additional, Biava, Gianluigi, additional, Bibas, Michele, additional, Bordi, Licia, additional, Bordoni, Veronica, additional, Boumis, Evangelo, additional, Branca, Marta, additional, Buonomo, Rosanna, additional, Busso, Donatella, additional, Camici, Marta, additional, Campioni, Paolo, additional, Canichella, Flaminia, additional, Capone, Alessandro, additional, Caporale, Cinzia, additional, Caraffa, Emanuela, additional, Caravella, Ilaria, additional, Carletti, Fabrizio, additional, Cataldo, Adriana, additional, Cerilli, Stefano, additional, Cerva, Carlotta, additional, Chiappini, Roberta, additional, Chinello, Pierangelo, additional, Cianfarani, Maria Assunta, additional, Ciaralli, Carmine, additional, Cimaglia, Claudia, additional, Cinicola, Nicola, additional, Ciotti, Veronica, additional, Colavita, Francesca, additional, Cristofaro, Massimo, additional, Curiale, Salvatore, additional, D’Abramo, Alessandra, additional, Dantimi, Cristina, additional, De Angelis, Alessia, additional, De Angelis, Giada, additional, De Palo, Maria Grazia, additional, De Zottis, Federico, additional, Di Bari, Virginia, additional, Di Lorenzo, Rachele, additional, Di Stefano, Federica, additional, Donno, Davide, additional, Evangelista, Francesca, additional, Faraglia, Francesca, additional, Farina, Anna, additional, Ferraro, Federica, additional, Fiorentini, Lorena, additional, Frustaci, Andrea, additional, Fusetti, Matteo, additional, Galati, Vincenzo, additional, Gallì, Paola, additional, Garotto, Gabriele, additional, Gaviano, Ilaria, additional, Tekle, Saba Gebremeskel, additional, Giancola, Maria Letizia, additional, Giansante, Filippo, additional, Giombini, Emanuela, additional, Granata, Guido, additional, Greci, Maria Cristina, additional, Grilli, Elisabetta, additional, Grisetti, Susanna, additional, Gualano, Gina, additional, Iacomi, Fabio, additional, Iaconi, Marta, additional, Iannicelli, Giuseppina, additional, Inversi, Carlo, additional, Lamanna, Maria Elena, additional, Lanini, Simone, additional, Lapa, Daniele, additional, Lepore, Luciana, additional, Libertone, Raffaella, additional, Lionetti, Raffaella, additional, Liuzzi, Giuseppina, additional, Lucia, Andrea, additional, Lufrani, Franco, additional, Macchione, Manuela, additional, Maffongelli, Gaetano, additional, Marani, Alessandra, additional, Marchioni, Luisa, additional, Mariano, Andrea, additional, Marini, Maria Cristina, additional, Maritti, Micaela, additional, Mastrobattista, Annelisa, additional, Mastrorosa, Ilaria, additional, Matusali, Giulia, additional, Mazzotta, Valentina, additional, Mencarini, Paola, additional, Meschi, Silvia, additional, Messina, Francesco, additional, Micarelli, Sibiana, additional, Mogavero, Giulia, additional, Mondi, Annalisa, additional, Montalbano, Marzia, additional, Montaldo, Chiara, additional, Mosti, Silvia, additional, Murachelli, Silvia, additional, Musso, Maria, additional, Nardi, Michela, additional, Navarra, Assunta, additional, Nocioni, Martina, additional, Noto, Pasquale, additional, Noto, Roberto, additional, Oliva, Alessandra, additional, Onnis, Ilaria, additional, Ottou, Sandrine, additional, Palazzolo, Claudia, additional, Pallini, Emanuele, additional, Palombi, Giulio, additional, Pareo, Carlo, additional, Passeri, Virgilio, additional, Pelliccioni, Federico, additional, Penna, Giovanna, additional, Petrecchia, Antonella, additional, Petrone, Ada, additional, Pianura, Elisa, additional, Pinnetti, Carmela, additional, Pisciotta, Maria, additional, Piselli, Pierluca, additional, Pittalis, Silvia, additional, Pontarelli, Agostina, additional, Proietti, Costanza, additional, Puro, Vincenzo, additional, Ramazzini, Paolo Migliorisi, additional, Rianda, Alessia, additional, Rinonapoli, Gabriele, additional, Rosati, Silvia, additional, Rubino, Dorotea, additional, Rueca, Martina, additional, Ruggeri, Alberto, additional, Sacchi, Alessandra, additional, Sampaolesi, Alessandro, additional, Sanasi, Francesco, additional, Santagata, Carmen, additional, Scarabello, Alessandra, additional, Scarcia, Silvana, additional, Schininà, Vincenzo, additional, Scognamiglio, Paola, additional, Scorzolini, Laura, additional, Stazi, Giulia, additional, Strano, Giacomo, additional, Taibi, Chiara, additional, Taloni, Giorgia, additional, Nardi, Tetaj, additional, Tonnarini, Roberto, additional, Topino, Simone, additional, Tozzi, Martina, additional, Vairo, Francesco, additional, Vergori, Alessandra, additional, Vincenzi, Laura, additional, Visco-Comandini, Ubaldo, additional, Vita, Serena, additional, Vittozzi, Pietro, additional, Zaccarelli, Mauro, additional, and Zanetti, Antonella, additional

Published
2021
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50. HIV-related pneumococcal lung disease: does highly active antiretroviral therapy or bacteremia modify radiologic appearance?

Author

Rizzi, Elisa Busi, Schinina, Vincenzo,Rovighi, Laura, Cristofaro, Massimo, Bordi, Eugenio, Narciso, Pasquale, and Bibbolino, Corrado

Subjects
HIV patients -- Physiological aspects, HIV patients -- Medical examination, Lung diseases -- Risk factors, Lung diseases -- Diagnosis, Lung diseases -- Care and treatment, Lung diseases -- Research, Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Health aspects, Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Research, Health
Abstract

We reviewed chest radiographs of 57 HIV-infected patients with pulmonary diseases in whom Streptococcus pneumoniae was the sole respiratory pathogen isolated to evaluate whether highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or bacteremia modify radiographic appearance. Pneumococcal lung disease presented as lobar pneumonia in 40% of the cases, 54% of whom were on HAART; as bronchopneumonia in 42%, 58% on HAART; as interstitial infiltrates in 17%, 60% on HAART. Bacteremia was observed 38 times in 23 patients with CD4 less than 200/[mm.sup.3], and in 15 with CD4 greater than 200/[mm.sup.3] (p > 0.05). HAART does not significantly influences radiographic appearances of lung disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (p > 0.05). Immunosuppression induced by HIV infection was a major risk factor for development of pneumococcal lung disease (p = 0.04) and influences radiographic appearance; bronchopneumonia (p = 0.006), in particular multifocal (p = 0.008), which was more frequent in subjects with CD4 less than 200/[mm.sup.3]. Bacteremia influences radiographic appearance of pneumococcal lung disease; lobar pneumonia was more frequent (p = 0.003), and considering CD4 cell count, was more frequent if CD4 cell count was above 200/[mm.sup.3]. An original finding of this study was the frequency of interstitial changes. This pattern of pneumonia, found in 17% of our patients, could represent a difference between HIV-seropositive and -seronegative subject in displaying pneumococcal lung disease.

Published
2008

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