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1. Pediatric ultrasound practice in Italy: an exploratory survey

Author: Anna Maria Musolino, Monica Tei, Cristina De Rose, Danilo Buonsenso, Maria Chiara Supino, Stefania Zampogna, Annamaria Staiano, Massimiliano Raponi, Antonella Amendolea, Vincenzo Colacino, Laura Gori, Alessandro Manganaro, Riccardo Ricci, Victoria D’Inzeo, Salvatore Grosso, Alberto Villani, and Rino Agostiniani
Subjects: Pediatric ultrasound, Education, Training, Pediatric residency, Point-of-care ultrasound, Survey, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background The aim of this exploratory survey is to describe the current state of US (ultrasound) technique across different pediatric settings nationwide. Methods A questionnaire was emailed to all members of the Italian Society of Pediatrics, including pediatric residents. The survey was open from December 2021 to March 2022. Results There were 1098 respondents. Seven hundred and seven pediatricians (84.1%) reported any use of US, while 51 (44.3%) residents denied it. The majority of participants (n = 956, 87.1%) reported to have a US machine available within the department, mostly cart-based (n = 516, 66.9%) and provided from 1 to 5 years prior to the survey (n = 330, 42.8%). Lung and neonatal cerebral regions were the most frequently scanned (n = 289, 18.7% and n = 218, 14.1%, respectively). The suspicion of pneumonia or respiratory distress represented the main reasons for performing US in emergency room (n = 390, 78% and n = 330, 66%, respectively). The majority of family pediatricians reported to scan lung and kidney/urinary tract regions (n = 30, 16.9%, and n = 23,12.9%, respectively). Regarding US training, the majority of respondents (n = 358, 34.6%) declared an experience-based education, with a deficient certification enabling the use of US in 71.6% (n = 552) of cases. The most common barriers included the lack of a well-defined training program (n = 627, 57.1%), unavailability of the US machine (n = 196, 17.9%) and legal responsibility concern (n = 175, 15.9%). Conclusions Despite the growing interest on pediatric US nationally, significant barriers still limit widespread adoption. These obstacles may be addressed through the dissemination of a specific US education plan and providing additional resources.
Published: 2024
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2. Long Covid: a global health issue – a prospective, cohort study set in four continents

Author: Synne Jenum, Renaud Tamisier, Clark D Russell, Rachel Evans, Piero Valentini, Sylvain Diamantis, Dominique Deplanque, Jordi Rello, Agnes Meybeck, Maxime Hentzien, Clotilde Allavena, André Cabié, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Patrick Rossignol, Lionel Piroth, Mathieu Blot, Marie-Pierre Debray, François Angoulvant, Marc Leone, Ewen M Harrison, Maria Zambon, Michael Edelstein, Florentia Kaguelidou, Marc Lambert, Olivier Lairez, Tom Solomon, Carrol Gamble, Laura Marsh, Christiana Kartsonaki, Natalie Wright, Behzad Nadjm, Srinivas Murthy, Gail Carson, Jake Dunning, Laura Merson, Peter Horby, Timothy M Uyeki, Piero Olliaro, Guillermo Maestro de la Calle, Stephen R Knight, Thomas M Drake, Marlene Murris, Aurore Bousquet, Kenneth A McLean, Hugues Cordel, Marc Fabre, Laurence Bouillet, Katrina Hann, Xavier Duval, James Lee, Christian Rabaud, Paul Klenerman, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Jean-François Timsit, Jennifer Lee, David J Lowe, Nicolas Terzi, Saad Nseir, Gwenhaël Colin, Steve Webb, Kalynn Kennon, Caroline Mudara, Diana Hernández, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Jean-François Payen, Samreen Ijaz, Joanne McPeake, Meera Chand, Catherine A Shaw, Cameron J Fairfield, Bruno Levy, Eric D'ortenzio, Pierre Delobel, Tiphaine Goulenok, Bronner P Gonçalves, Arnaud Scherpereel, Danilo Buonsenso, Mark G Pritchard, Susanne Dudman, Adrien Auvet, Caterina Caminiti, Debby Bogaert, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Merce Jourdain, Sue Smith, Jia Wei, Antoine Khalil, Clément Le Bihan, Nathalie Pansu, Vincent Le Moing, Victor Fomin, Christophe Fraser, Daniel Munblit, William Greenhalf, François-Xavier Lescure, Nicolas Carlier, Saye Khoo, Annemarie B Docherty, Christopher A Green, Riinu Pius, Louise Sigfrid, Sophie Halpin, Clare Jackson, Antonia Ho, Malcolm G Semple, Andrew Dagens, Carlo Palmieri, Lance Turtle, Zeno Bisoffi, Thomas Flament, Julie Mankikian, Romain Basmaci, Peter Openshaw, Rob Fowler, Tom Fletcher, Adrien Lemaignen, Pierre Tattevin, Christelle Delmas, Hélène Espérou, Claire Lévy-Marchal, Olivier Picone, Jeanne Sibiude, Cecile Yelnik, Michelle Girvan, Piero L Olliaro, Beatrice Alex, Benjamin Bach, Wendy S Barclay, Graham S Cooke, Ana da Silva Filipe, Alexander J Mentzer, Alison M Meynert, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Shona C Moore, Massimo Palmarini, William A Paxton, Georgios Pollakis, David L Robertson, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Janet T Scott, Shiranee Sriskandan, David Stuart, Charlotte Summers, Emma C Thomson, Ryan S Thwaites, Lance C W Turtle, Hayley Hardwick, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Fiona Griffiths, Jo Dalton, Egle Saviciute, Stephanie Roberts, Janet Harrison, Marie Connor, Gary Leeming, Ross Hendry, Victoria Shaw, Jade Ghosn, Lucille Blumberg, Nicolas Benech, Odile Launay, Yoan Lavie-Badie, Minh Le, Elise Artaud-Macari, Muge Cevik, Nicola Latronico, Mylène Maillet, Didier Laureillard, Ben Morton, Claire Hastie, Nicholas Sedillot, Anne-Sophie Boureau, Laurent Abel, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Valérie Garrait, Isabelle Delacroix, Andrea Cortegiani, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Raphaël Borie, Kévin Bouiller, Vincent Langlois, Mélanie Roriz, Vincent Dubée, John H Amuasi, Madiha Hashmi, Edwin Jesudason, Jan Cato Holter, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Luis Felipe Reyes, Anna Beltrame, Sulaiman Lakoh, Stéphanie Fry, Lynsey Goodwin, Laurent Plantier, Anna Casey, Denis Malvy, Nina Jamieson, François Dubos, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Paola Rodari, Frank Bloos, Cécile Tromeur, Paul Loubet, Marina Esposito-Farèse, France Mentré, Valérie Gaborieau, Cécile Goujard, Vincent Thibault, Adam Ali, Sadie Kelly, Fernando A Bozza, Bertrand Dussol, Marion Schneider, Marielle Buisson, Yves Levy, Carine Roy, Walter Picard, Olivier Sanchez, Nazir Lone, Antoine Kimmoun, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Julien Poissy, Lila Bouadma, Bruno Lina, Maude Bouscambert, Alexandre Gaymard, Gilles Peytavin, Jeremie Guedj, Claire Andrejak, Cedric Laouenan, Anissa Chair, Samira Laribi, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Alpha Diallo, Sarah Tubiana, Patrick Imbert, Emmanuelle Mercier, Waasila Jassat, Arsene Kpangon, Dominique Luton, Simone Piva, Sophie Mahy, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, Sarah Moore, Raphael Favory, Andrea Angheben, Andrea Rossanese, Matthew Hall, Johann Auchabie, Christophe Rapp, Vincent Peigne, Fredrik Müller, Christl A Donnelly, François Goehringer, Elodie Curlier, Catherine Chirouze, Vegard Skogen, Stéphane Jaureguiberry, Laurent Bitker, Hodane Yonis, Laurent Mandelbrot, Jérémie Pasquier, Bato Hammarström, Thushan de Silva, Polina Bugaeva, Julie Chas, Dario Sinatti, Arne Søraas, Murray Wham, Sara Clohisey, Seán Keating, Thibault Chiarabini, Agnes Sommet, Hugues Aumaître, Charlotte Charpentier, Sylvie LeGac, Sarah E McDonald, Jeanne Truong, Anne-Hélène Boivin, Mariachiara Ippolito, Ellen Pauley, Diane Descamps, Sérgio Gaião, Stéphane Lasry, Amanda Rojek, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Sebastien Preau, Benoit Thill, Karine Faure, Denis Garot, Grégory Corvaisier, Elsa Nyamankolly, Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Eva Geraud, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Kévin Alexandre, Nathalie Allou, Séverine Ansart, Laurène Azemar, Cecile Azoulay, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Valeria Balan, Marie Bartoli, Joaquín Baruch, Jules Bauer, Alexandra Bedossa, Husna Begum, Marine Beluze, Delphine Bergeaud, Giulia Bertoli, Simon Bessis, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Krishna Bhavsar, Laetitia Bodenes, Isabela Bolaños, Olivier Bouchaud, Sabelline Bouchez, Camile Bouisse, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre, Axelle Braconnier, Ingrid G Bustos, Denis Butnaru, Eder Caceres, Cyril Cadoz, Valentine Campana, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Thierry Carmoi, Marie-Christine Carret, Maire-Laure Casanova, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre, François-Xavier Catherine, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Catherine Chakveatze, Jean-Marc Chapplain, Antoine Cheret, Bernard Cholley, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Roxane Courtois, Stéphanie Cousse, Alexa Debard, Nathalie DeCastro, Romain Decours, Eve Defous, Karen Delavigne, Elisa Demonchy, Emmanuelle Denis, Mathilde Desvallées, Kévin Didier, Jean-Luc Diehl, Vincent Dinot, Fara Diop, Alphonsine Diouf, Félix Djossou, Céline Dorival, Nathalie Dournon, Murray Dryden, Alexandre Ducancelle, Paul Dunand, Brigitte Elharrar, Philippine Eloy, Isabelle Enderle, Ilka Engelmann, Vincent Enouf, Olivier Epaulard, Manuel Etienne, Isabelle Fabre, François-Xavier Ferrand, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Nicolas Ferriere, Céline Ficko, Erwan Fourn, Rostane Gaci, Jean-Charles Gagnard, Esteban Garcia-Gallo, Tristan Gigante, Guillermo Giordano, Valérie Gissot, Petr Glybochko, Marie Gominet, Isabelle Gorenne, Laure Goubert, Pascal Granier, Segolène Greffe, Martin Guego, Romain Guery, Anne Guillaumot, Laurent Guilleminault, Thomas Guimard, Ali Hachemi, Nadir Hadri, Rebecca Hamidfar, Lars Heggelund, Rupert Higgins, Hikombo Hitoto, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Ikram Houas, Margaux Isnard, Danielle Jaafar, Salma Jaafoura, Julien Jabot, Florence Jego, Cédric Joseph, Ouifiya Kafif, Sabina Kali, Younes Kerroumi, Marie Lachatre, Marie Lacoste, Marie Lagrange, Fabrice Laine, Antonio Lalueza, Marie Langelot-Richard, Delphine Lariviere, Andy Law, Laurent Lefebvre, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Benjamin Lefèvre, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, Véronique Lemee, Anthony Lemeur, Quentin Lepiller, Olivier Lesens, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Geoffrey Liegeon, Guillaume Lingas, Sylvie Lion-Daolio, Marine Livrozet, Bouchra Loufti, Guillame Louis, Liem Luong, Moïse Machado, Gabriel Macheda, Rafael Mahieu, Thomas Maitre, Victoria Manda, Aldric Manuel, Samuel Markowicz, Martin Martinot, Mathieu Mattei, Laurence Maulin, Thierry Mazzoni, Cécile Mear-Passard, Antoine Merckx, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Vanina Meysonnier, Mehdi Mezidi, Isabelle Michelet, Lucia Moro, Julien Moyet, Jimmy Mullaert, Nadège Neant, Nikita Nekliudov, Anthony Nghi, Duc Nguyen, Nadia Ouamara, Rachida Ouissa, Eric Oziol, Justine Pages Maïder Pagadoy, Aurélie Papadopoulos, Bruno Pastene, Christelle Paul, Florent Peelman, Daniel Perez, Thomas Perpoint, Vincent Pestre, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Diane Ponscarme, Marie Rafiq, Blandine Rammaert, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Laurent Richier, Patrick Rispal, Karine Risso, Olivier Robineau, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Benoît Roze, Hélène Salvator, Pierre-François Sandrine, Benjamine Sarton, Eric Senneville, Albert Sotto, Sarah Stabler, Andrey Svistunov, Coralie Tardivon, François Téoulé, Olivier Terrier, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Peter S Timashev, Noémie Tissot, Tiffany Trouillon, Christelle Tual, Noémie Vanel, Charline Vauchy, Aurélie Veislinger, Fanny Vuotto, Aurélie Wiedemann, Marion Zabbe, David Zucman, Silvio Hamacher, Ekaterina Pazukhina, Allegra Chatterjee, Kyle Gomez, Matteo Puntoni, Oksana Kruglova, Yock Ping Chow, Yash Doshi, Sara Isabel Duque Vallejo, Elsa D Ibáñez-Prada, Yuli V Fuentes, Margaret E O'Hara, Tigist Menkir, Amal Abrous, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Aliya Mohammed Alameen, Marta Alessi, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Jean Baptiste Assie, Eyvind W Axelsen, John Kenneth Baillie, José Luis Bernal Sobrino, Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll, Roar Bævre-Jensen, Jose Andres Calvache, Léo Chenard, Juan Luis Cruz Bermúdez, Jaime Cruz Rojo, Charlene Da Silveira, John Arne Dahl, Etienne De Montmollin, Cristina De Rose, Fernanda Dias Da Silva, Thomas Drake, Amiel A Dror, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Linn Margrete Eggesbø, Mohammed El Sanharawi, William Finlayson, Aline-Marie Florence, Linda Gail Skeie, Noelia García Barrio, Anatoliy Gavrylov, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes, Yanay Gorelik, Mette Stausland Istre, Silje Bakken Jørgensen, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, Beathe Kiland Granerud, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland Kjetland, Gry Kloumann Bekken, Galyna Kutsyna, Nadhem Lafhej, Cyril Le Bris, Georges Le Falher, Lucie Le Fevre, Quentin Le Hingrat, Marion Le Maréchal, Soizic Le Mestre, Gwenaël Le Moal, Hervé Le Nagard, Sophie Letrou, Wei Shen Lim, Andreas Lind, Carlos Lumbreras Bermejo, Miles Lunn, Olga Martynenko, Roberta Meta, Lina Morales Cely, Clara Mouton Perrot, Alamin Mustafa, Karl Erik Müller, Ebrahim Ndure, Anders Benteson Nygaard, Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro, Paul Otiku, Miguel Pedrera Jiménez, Frank Olav Pettersen, Chiara Piubelli, Víctor Quirós González, Else Quist-Paulsen, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Antonia Ricchiuto, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Nadia Saidani, Pablo Serrano Balazote, Nassima Si Mohammed, Lene Bergendal Solberg, Edouard Soum, Elisabetta Spinuzza, Trude Steinsvik, Birgitte Stiksrud, Mathew Thorpe, Vadim Tieroshyn, Kristian Tonby, Anders Tveita, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Paul Henri Wicky, Ibrahim Richard Bangura, Leonardo Bastos, Daniel Cassaglia, Barbara Citarella, Sarah Duque, Anne Margarita Dyrhol Riise, Annelies Gillesen, Bronner P Goncalvez, Margareta O’Hara, Lars Hegelund, Aquiles Henriquez Trujillo, Elsa D Ibañez, Jane Ireson, Oksana Krugalova, Sam Lissaeur, Sinnadurai Manohan, Prasan K Panda, Daniel R Plotkin, Liliana Resende, Sergio Ruiz Saltana, Steffi Ryckaert, Girish Sindhwani Pulm, and Caroline Vika
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Introduction A proportion of people develop Long Covid after acute COVID-19, but with most studies concentrated in high-income countries (HICs), the global burden is largely unknown. Our study aims to characterise long-term COVID-19 sequelae in populations globally and compare the prevalence of reported symptoms in HICs and low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).Methods A prospective, observational study in 17 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America, including adults with confirmed COVID-19 assessed at 2 to
Published: 2024
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3. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms

Author: Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Christiana Kartsonaki, Elsa D. Ibáñez-Prada, Bronner P. Gonçalves, Joaquin Baruch, Martina Escher, Mark G. Pritchard, Jia Wei, Fred Philippy, Andrew Dagens, Matthew Hall, James Lee, Demetrios James Kutsogiannis, Evert-Jan Wils, Marília Andreia Fernandes, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Prasan Kumar Panda, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Peter Horby, Jake Dunning, Jordi Rello, Laura Merson, Amanda Rojek, Michel Vaillant, Piero Olliaro, Luis Felipe Reyes, S.A. Moharam, Sabriya Abdalasalam, Alaa Abdalfattah Abdalhadi, Naana Reyam Abdalla, Walaa Abdalla, Almthani Hamza Abdalrheem, Ashraf Abdalsalam, Saedah Abdeewi, Esraa Hassan Abdelgaum, Mohamed Abdelhalim, Mohammed Abdelkabir, Israa Abdelrahman, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Lamees Adil Abdulbaqi, Salaheddin Abdulhamid, Widyan Abdulhamid, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, Eman Abdulwahed, Rawad Abdunabi, Ryuzo Abe, Laurent Abel, Ahmed Mohammed Abodina, Amal Abrous, Lara Absil, Kamal Abu Jabal, Nashat Abu Salah, Abdurraouf Abusalama, Tareg Abdallah Abuzaid, Subhash Acharya, Andrew Acker, Elisabeth Adam, Safia Adem, Manuella Ademnou, Francisca Adewhajah, Diana Adrião, Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah, Melvin Agbogbatey, Saleh Al Ageel, Aya Mustafa Ahmed, Musaab Mohammed Ahmed, Shakeel Ahmed, Zainab Ahmed Alaraji, Abdulrahman Ahmed Elhefnawy Enan, Reham Abdelhamid Ahmed Khalil, Ali Mostafa Ahmed Mohamed Abdelaziz, Kate Ainscough, Eka Airlangga, Tharwat Aisa, Ali Aisha, Bugila Aisha, Ali Ait Hssain, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Takako Akimoto, Ernita Akmal, Chika Akwani, Eman Al Qasim, Ahmed Alajeeli, Ahmed Alali, Razi Alalqam, Aliya Mohammed Alameen, Mohammed Al-Aquily, Zinah A. Alaraji, Khalid Albakry, Safa Albatni, Angela Alberti, Osama Aldabbourosama, Tala Al-dabbous, Amer Aldhalia, Abdulkarim Aldoukali, Senthilkumar Alegesan, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Asil Alflite, Huda Alfoudri, Qamrah Alhadad, Hoda Salem Alhaddad, Maali Khalid Mohamed Abdalla Alhasan, Ahmad Nabil Alhouri, Hasan Alhouri, Adam Ali, Imran Ali, Maha TagElser Mohammed Ali, Syed Ali Abbas, Yomna Ali Abdelghafar, Naseem Ali Sheikh, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Mahmoud Aljadi, Sarah Aljamal, Mohammed Alkahlout, Akram Alkaseek, Qabas Alkhafajee, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, Lana Almasri, Abdulrahman Almjersah, Raja Ahmed Alqandouz, Walaa Alrfaea, Moayad Alrifaee, Rawan Alsaadi, Yousef Al-Saba'a, Entisar Alshareea, Eslam Alshenawy, Aneela Altaf, João Melo Alves, João Alves, Rita Alves, Joana Alves Cabrita, Maria Amaral, Amro Essam Amer, Nur Amira, Amos Amoako Adusei, John Amuasi, Roberto Andini, Claire Andrejak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Sophia Ankrah, Séverine Ansart, Sivanesen Anthonidass, Massimo Antonelli, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Ardiyan Apriyana, Yaseen Arabi, Irene Aragao, Francisco Arancibia, Carolline Araujo, Antonio Arcadipane, Patrick Archambault, Lukas Arenz, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Christel Arnold-Day, Lovkesh Arora, Rakesh Arora, Elise Artaud-Macari, Diptesh Aryal, Angel Asensio, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Sheharyar Ashraf, Abir Ben Ashur, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe, Namra Asif, Mohammad Asim, Grace Assi, Jean Baptiste Assie, Amirul Asyraf, Fouda Atangana, Ahmed Atia, Minahel Atif, Asia Atif Abdelrhman Abdallahrs, Anika Atique, Moad Atlowly, AM Udara Lakshan Attanyake, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaitre, Adrien Auvet, Abdelmalek Awad Ali Mohammed, Eyvind W. Axelsen, Ared Ayad, Ahmed Ayman Hassan Helmi, Laurène Azemar, Mohammed Azizeldin, Cecile Azoulay, Hakeem Babatunde, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Roar Bævre-Jensen, Nadia Baig, John Kenneth Baillie, J Kevin Baird, Erica Bak, Agamemnon Bakakos, Nazreen Abu Bakar, Hibah Bileid Bakeer, Ashraf Bakri, Andriy Bal, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan, Irene Bandoh, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Renata Barbalho, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa, Wendy S. Barclay, Saef Umar Barnett, Michaela Barnikel, Helena Barrasa, Cleide Barrigoto, Marie Bartoli, Joaquín Baruch, Romain Basmaci, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri, AbdAlkarim Batool, Denise Battaglini, Jules Bauer, Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon, Denisse Bazan Dow, Abigail Beane, Alexandra Bedossa, Ker Hong Bee, Husna Begum, Sylvie Behilill, Albertus Beishuizen, Aleksandr Beljantsev, David Bellemare, Anna Beltrame, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, Marine Beluze, Nicolas Benech, Lionel Eric Benjiman, Suzanne Bennett, Luís Bento, Jan-Erik Berdal, Lamis Berdeweel, Delphine Bergeaud, Hazel Bergin, Giulia Bertoli, Lorenzo Bertolino, Simon Bessis, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Amar Bhatt, Krishna Bhavsar, Isabella Bianchi, Claudia Bianco, Sandra Bichoka, Farah Nadiah Bidin, Felwa Bin Humaid, Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin, Muhannud Binnawara, Zeno Bisoffi, Patrick Biston, Laurent Bitker, Mustapha Bittaye, Jonathan Bitton, Pablo Blanco-Schweizer, Catherine Blier, Frank Bloos, Mathieu Blot, Filomena Boccia, Laetitia Bodenes, Debby Bogaert, Anne-Hélène Boivin, Ariel Bolanga, Isabela Bolaños, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, François Bompart, Aurelius Bonifasius, Joe Bonney, Diogo Borges, Raphaël Borie, Hans Martin Bosse, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Lila Bouadma, Olivier Bouchaud, Sabelline Bouchez, Damien Bouhour, Kévin Bouiller, Laurence Bouillet, Camile Bouisse, Latsaniphone Bountthasavong, Anne-Sophie Boureau, John Bourke, Maude Bouscambert, Aurore Bousquet, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre, Maria Boylan, Fernando Augusto Bozza, Axelle Braconnier, Cynthia Braga, Timo Brandenburger, Filipa Brás Monteiro, Luca Brazzi, Dorothy Breen, Patrick Breen, David Brewster, Kathy Brickell, Tessa Broadley, Helen Brotherton, Alex Browne, Nicolas Brozzi, Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Petra Bryda, Nina Buchtele, Polina Bugaeva, Marielle Buisson, Danilo Buonsenso, Erlina Burhan, Donald Buri, Aidan Burrell, Ingrid G. Bustos, Denis Butnaru, André Cabie, Susana Cabral, Joana Cabrita, Eder Caceres, Cyril Cadoz, Rui Caetano Garcês, Kate Calligy, Jose Andres Calvache, João Camões, Valentine Campana, Paul Campbell, Josie Campisi, Cecilia Canepa, Mireia Cantero, Janice Caoili, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Sheila Cárcel, Filipa Cardoso, Filipe Cardoso, Nelson Cardoso, Sofia Cardoso, Simone Carelli, Nicolas Carlier, Thierry Carmoi, Gayle Carney, Inês Carqueja, Marie-Christine Carret, François Martin Carrier, Ida Carroll, Gail Carson, Maire-Laure Casanova, Mariana Cascão, Siobhan Casey, José Casimiro, Bailey Cassandra, Silvia Castañeda, Nidyanara Castanheira, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre, Ivo Castro, Ana Catarino, François-Xavier Catherine, Paolo Cattaneo, Roberta Cavalin, Giulio Giovanni Cavalli, Alexandros Cavayas, Adrian Ceccato, Masaneh Ceesay, Shelby Cerkovnik, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Muge Cevik, Anissa Chair, Catherine Chakveatze, Adrienne Chan, Meera Chand, Jean-Marc Chapplain, Charlotte Charpentier, Julie Chas, Muhammad Mobin Chaudry, Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez, Anjellica Chen, Yih-Sharng Chen, Léo Chenard, Matthew Pellan Cheng, Antoine Cheret, Thibault Chiarabini, Julian Chica, Suresh Kumar Chidambaram, Leong Chin Tho, Catherine Chirouze, Davide Chiumello, Sung-Min Cho, Bernard Cholley, Danoy Chommanam, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Yock Ping Chow, Ting Soo Chow, Nathaniel Christy, Hiu Jian Chua, Jonathan Chua, Jose Pedro Cidade, José Miguel Cisneros Herreros, Anna Ciullo, Jennifer Clarke, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Sara Clohisey, Cassidy Codan, Caitriona Cody, Jennifer Coles, Megan Coles, Gwenhaël Colin, Michael Collins, Pamela Combs, Jennifer Connolly, Marie Connor, Anne Conrad, Elaine Conway, Graham S. Cooke, Hugues Cordel, Amanda Corley, Sabine Cornelis, Alexander Daniel Cornet, Arianne Joy Corpuz, Andrea Cortegiani, Grégory Corvaisier, Camille Couffignal, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Roxane Courtois, Stéphanie Cousse, Juthaporn Cowan, Rachel Cregan, Gloria Crowl, Jonathan Crump, Claudina Cruz, Marc Csete, Ailbhe Cullen, Matthew Cummings, Gerard Curley, Elodie Curlier, Colleen Curran, Paula Custodio, Ana da Silva Filipe, Charlene Da Silveira, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, John Arne Dahl, Darren Dahly, Umberto D'Alessandro, Peter Daley, Zaina Dalloul, Heidi Dalton, Jo Dalton, Seamus Daly, Juliana Damas, Joycelyn Dame, Cammandji Damien, Nick Daneman, Jorge Dantas, Frédérick D'Aragon, Gillian de Loughry, Diego de Mendoza, Etienne De Montmollin, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França, Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira, Rosanna De Rosa, Cristina De Rose, Thushan de Silva, Peter de Vries, Jillian Deacon, David Dean, Alexa Debard, Bianca DeBenedictis, Marie-Pierre Debray, Nathalie DeCastro, William Dechert, Romain Decours, Eve Defous, Isabelle Delacroix, Alexandre Delamou, Eric Delaveuve, Karen Delavigne, Nathalie M. Delfos, Ionna Deligiannis, Andrea Dell'Amore, Christelle Delmas, Pierre Delobel, Corine Delsing, Elisa Demonchy, Emmanuelle Denis, Dominique Deplanque, Pieter Depuydt, Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallées, Santi Dewayanti, Pathik Dhangar, Alpha Diallo, Souleymane Taran Diallo, Sylvain Diamantis, André Dias, Fernanda Dias Da Silva, Rodrigo Diaz, Juan Jose Diaz, Priscila Diaz, Bakary K. Dibba, Kévin Didier, Jean-Luc Diehl, Wim Dieperink, Jérôme Dimet, Vincent Dinot, Fara Diop, Alphonsine Diouf, Yael Dishon, Cedric Djadda, Félix Djossou, Annemarie B. Docherty, Helen Doherty, Arjen M. Dondorp, Christl A. Donnelly, Yoann Donohue, Sean Donohue, Peter Doran, Céline Dorival, Eric D'Ortenzio, Yash Doshi, Phouvieng Douangdala, James Joshua Douglas, Renee Douma, Nathalie Dournon, Joanne Downey, Mark Downing, Thomas Drake, Aoife Driscoll, Ibrahim Kwaku Duah, Claudio Duarte Fonseca, Vincent Dubee, François Dubos, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Alexandre Ducancelle, Toni Duculan, Susanne Dudman, Abhijit Duggal, Paul Dunand, Mathilde Duplaix, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Lucian Durham, III, Bertrand Dussol, Juliette Duthoit, Xavier Duval, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Sim Choon Ean, Ada Ebo, Marco Echeverria-Villalobos, Michael Edelstein, Siobhan Egan, Linn Margrete Eggesbø, Khadeja Ehzaz, Carla Eira, Mohammed El Sanharawi, Marwan El Sayed, Mohammed Elabid, Mohamed Bashir Elagili, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Mohammad Elbahnasawy, Sohail Elboshra, Brigitte Elharrar, Jacobien Ellerbroek, Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Hamida ELMagrahi, Mohammad Muatasm Elmubark, Loubna Elotmani, Lauren Eloundou, Philippine Eloy, Basma Elshaikhy, Tarek Elshazly, Wafa Elsokni, Aml Ahmed Eltayeb, Iqbal Elyazar, Zarief Kamel Emad, Hussein Embarek, Isabelle Enderle, Tomoyuki Endo, Gervais Eneli, Chan Chee Eng, Ilka Engelmann, Vincent Enouf, Olivier Epaulard, Haneen Esaadi, Mariano Esperatti, Hélène Esperou, Catarina Espírito Santo, Marina Esposito-Farese, Rachel Essaka, Lorinda Essuman, João Estevão, Manuel Etienne, Anna Greti Everding, Mirjam Evers, Isabelle Fabre, Marc Fabre, Ismaila Fadera, Asgad Osman Abdalla Fadlalla, Amna Faheem, Arabella Fahy, Cameron J. Fairfield, Zul Fakar, Komal Fareed, Pedro Faria, Ahmed Farooq, Hanan Fateena, Mohamed Fathi, Salem Fatima, Karine Faure, Raphaël Favory, Mohamed Fayed, Niamh Feely, Jorge Fernandes, Susana Fernandes, François-Xavier Ferrand, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Joana Ferrão, Mário Ferraz, Benigno Ferreira, Isabel Ferreira, Bernardo Ferreira, Sílvia Ferreira, Nicolas Ferriere, Céline Ficko, Claudia Figueiredo-Mello, William Finlayson, Thomas Flament, Tom Fletcher, Aline-Marie Florence, Letizia Lucia Florio, Brigid Flynn, Deirdre Flynn, Jean Foley, Victor Fomin, Tatiana Fonseca, Patricia Fontela, Karen Forrest, Simon Forsyth, Denise Foster, Giuseppe Foti, Berline Fotso, Erwan Fourn, Robert A. Fowler, Marianne Fraher, Diego Franch-Llasat, Christophe Fraser, John F. Fraser, Marcela Vieira Freire, Ana Freitas Ribeiro, Craig French, Caren Friedrich, Ricardo Fritz, Stéphanie Fry, Nora Fuentes, Masahiro Fukuda, G. Argin, Valérie Gaborieau, Rostane Gaci, Massimo Gagliardi, Jean-Charles Gagnard, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Abdou Gai, Sérgio Gaião, Linda Gail Skeie, Adham Mohamed Galal Mohamed Ramadan, Phil Gallagher, Carrol Gamble, Yasmin Gani, Arthur Garan, Rebekha Garcia, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Esteban Garcia-Gallo, Navya Garimella, Denis Garot, Valérie Garrait, Basanta Gauli, Anatoliy Gavrylov, Alexandre Gaymard, Johannes Gebauer, Eva Geraud, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes, Nuno Germano, Malak Ghemmeid, Praveen Kumar Ghisulal, Jade Ghosn, Marco Giani, Tristan Gigante, Elaine Gilroy, Guillermo Giordano, Michelle Girvan, Valérie Gissot, Gezy Giwangkancana, Daniel Glikman, Petr Glybochko, Eric Gnall, Geraldine Goco, François Goehringer, Siri Goepel, Jean-Christophe Goffard, Jin Yi Goh, Brigitta Golács, Jonathan Golob, Kyle Gomez, Joan Gómez-Junyent, Marie Gominet, Alicia Gonzalez, Patricia Gordon, Isabelle Gorenne, Laure Goubert, Cécile Goujard, Tiphaine Goulenok, Margarite Grable, Jeronimo Graf, Edward Wilson Grandin, Pascal Granier, Giacomo Grasselli, Lorenzo Grazioli, Christopher A. Green, Courtney Greene, William Greenhalf, Segolène Greffe, Domenico Luca Grieco, Matthew Griffee, Fiona Griffiths, Ioana Grigoras, Albert Groenendijk, Fassou Mathias Grovogui, Heidi Gruner, Yusing Gu, Jérémie Guedj, Martin Guego, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Daniela Guerreiro, Romain Guery, Anne Guillaumot, Laurent Guilleminault, Maisa Guimarães de Castro, Thomas Guimard, Marieke Haalboom, Daniel Haber, Ali Hachemi, Abdurrahman Haddud, Nadir Hadri, Wael Hafez, Fakhir Raza Haidri, Fatima Mhd Rida Hajij, Sheeba Hakak, Adam Hall, Sophie Halpin, Shaher Hamdan, Abdelhafeez Hamdi, Jawad Hameed, Ansley Hamer, Raph L. Hamers, Rebecca Hamidfar, Bato Hammarström, Naomi Hammond, Terese Hammond, Lim Yuen Han, Matly Hanan, Rashan Haniffa, Kok Wei Hao, Hayley Hardwick, Ewen M. Harrison, Janet Harrison, Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison, Alan Hartman, Sulieman Hasan, Mohammad Ali Nabil Hasan, Mohd Shahnaz Hasan, Junaid Hashmi, Madiha Hashmi, Amoni Hassan, Ebtisam Hassanin, Muhammad Hayat, Ailbhe Hayes, Leanne Hays, Jan Heerman, Lars Heggelund, Ahmed Helmi, Ross Hendry, Martina Hennessy, Aquiles Rodrigo Henriquez-Trujillo, Maxime Hentzien, Diana Hernandez, Andrew Hershey, Liv Hesstvedt, Astarini Hidayah, Eibhlin Higgins, Rupert Higgins, Samuel Hinton, Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Haider Hirkani, Hikombo Hitoto, Antonia Ho, Yi Bin Ho, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Wei Han Hoh, Oscar Hoiting, Rebecca Holt, Jan Cato Holter, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Ikram Houas, Mabrouka Houderi, Catherine L. Hough, Stuart Houltham, Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Abby Hurd, Iqbal Hussain, Aliae Mohamed Hussein, Mahmood Hussein, Fatima Ibrahim, Bashir Ibran, Samreen Ijaz, M. Arfan Ikram, Carlos Cañada Illana, Patrick Imbert, Muhammad Imran Ansari, Rana Imran Sikander, Hugo Inácio, Carmen Infante Dominguez, Yun Sii Ing, Mariachiara Ippolito, Vera Irawany, Sarah Isgett, Tiago Isidoro, Nadiah Ismail, Margaux Isnard, Mette Stausland Istre, Junji Itai, Daniel Ivulich, Danielle Jaafar, Salma Jaafoura, Hamza Jaber, Julien Jabot, Clare Jackson, Abubacarr Jagne, Stéphane Jaureguiberry, Denise Jaworsky, Florence Jego, Anilawati Mat Jelani, Synne Jenum, Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor, Ong Yiaw Joe, Ruth Noemí Jorge García, Silje Bakken Jørgensen, Cédric Joseph, Mark Joseph, Swosti Joshi, Mercé Jourdain, Philippe Jouvet, Anna Jung, Hanna Jung, Dafsah Juzar, Ouifiya Kafif, Florentia Kaguelidou, Neerusha Kaisbain, Thavamany Kaleesvran, Sabina Kali, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, Smaragdi Kalomoiri, Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin, Armand Saloun Kamano, Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin, Nadiah Kamarudin, Kavita Kamineni, Darshana Hewa Kandamby, Kong Yeow Kang, Darakhshan Kanwal, Dyah Kanyawati, Mohamed Karghul, Pratap Karpayah, Todd Karsies, Daisuke Kasugai, Kevin Katz, Christy Kay, Lamees Kayyali, Seán Keating, Pulak Kedia, Andrea Kelly, Aoife Kelly, Claire Kelly, Niamh Kelly, Sadie Kelly, Yvelynne Kelly, Maeve Kelsey, Kalynn Kennon, Sommay Keomany, Maeve Kernan, Younes Kerroumi, Sharma Keshav, Shams Khail, Sarah Khaled, Imrana Khalid, Antoine Khalil, Irfan Khan, Quratul Ain Khan, Sushil Khanal, Abid Khatak, Krish Kherajani, Michelle E. Kho, Denisa Khoo, Ryan Khoo, Saye Khoo, Muhammad Nasir Khoso, Amin Khuwaja, Khor How Kiat, Yuri Kida, Peter Kiiza, Beathe Kiland Granerud, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Jae Burm Kim, Antoine Kimmoun, Detlef Kindgen-Milles, Nobuya Kitamura, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland Kjetland, Paul Klenerman, Rob Klont, Gry Kloumann Bekken, Stephen R. Knight, Robin Kobbe, Paa Kobina Forson, Chamira Kodippily, Malte Kohns Vasconcelos, Sabin Koirala, Mamoru Komatsu, Franklina Korkor Abebrese, Volkan Korten, Stephanie Kouba, Mohamed Lamine Kourouma, Karifa Kourouma, Arsène Kpangon, Karolina Krawczyk, Ali Kredan, Vinothini Krishnan, Sudhir Krishnan, Oksana Kruglova, Anneli Krund, Pei Xuan Kuan, Ashok Kumar, Deepali Kumar, Ganesh Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, Dinesh Kuriakose, Ethan Kurtzman, Demetrios Kutsogiannis, Galyna Kutsyna, Ama Kwakyewaa Bedu-Addo, Sylvie Kwedi, Konstantinos Kyriakoulis, Marie Lachatre, Marie Lacoste, John G. Laffey, Nadhem Lafhej, Marie Lagrange, Fabrice Laine, Olivier Lairez, Sanjay Lakhey, Marc Lambert, François Lamontagne, Marie Langelot-Richard, Vincent Langlois, Eka Yudha Lantang, Marina Lanza, Cédric Laouénan, Samira Laribi, Delphine Lariviere, Stéphane Lasry, Sakshi Lath, Naveed Latif, Youssef Latifeh, Odile Launay, Didier Laureillard, Yoan Lavie-Badie, Andy Law, Cassie Lawrence, Teresa Lawrence, Minh Le, Clément Le Bihan, Cyril Le Bris, Georges Le Falher, Lucie Le Fevre, Quentin Le Hingrat, Marion Le Maréchal, Soizic Le Mestre, Gwenaël Le Moal, Vincent Le Moing, Hervé Le Nagard, Ema Leal, Marta Leal Santos, Biing Horng Lee, Heng Gee Lee, Su Hwan Lee, Jennifer Lee, Todd C. Lee, Yi Lin Lee, Gary Leeming, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Laurent Lefebvre, Benjamin Lefèvre, Sylvie LeGac, Merili-Helen Lehiste, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, François Lellouche, Adrien Lemaignen, Véronique Lemee, Anthony Lemeur, Gretchen Lemmink, Ha Sha Lene, Jenny Lennon, Rafael León, Marc Leone, Tanel Lepik, Quentin Lepiller, François-Xavier Lescure, Olivier Lesens, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Amy Lester-Grant, Andrew Letizia, Sophie Letrou, Bruno Levy, Yves Levy, Claire Levy-Marchal, Katarzyna Lewandowska, Erwan L'Her, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Janet Liang, Ali Liaquat, Geoffrey Liegeon, Kah Chuan Lim, Wei Shen Lim, Chantre Lima, Bruno Lina, Lim Lina, Andreas Lind, Maja Katherine Lingad, Guillaume Lingas, Sylvie Lion-Daolio, Keibun Liu, Marine Livrozet, Patricia Lizotte, Antonio Loforte, Navy Lolong, Leong Chee Loon, Diogo Lopes, Dalia Lopez-Colon, Anthony L. Loschner, Paul Loubet, Bouchra Loufti, Guillame Louis, Silvia Lourenco, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Lee Lee Low, Marije Lowik, Jia Shyi Loy, Jean Christophe Lucet, Carlos M. Luna, Olguta Lungu, Miles Lunn, Liem Luong, Nestor Luque, Dominique Luton, Olavi Maasikas, Moïse Machado, Sara Machado, Gabriel Macheda, Mustafa Magzoub, Rafael Mahieu, Sophie Mahy, Ana Raquel Maia, Lars S. Maier, Oumou Maiga Ascofare, Mylène Maillet, Thomas Maitre, Nimisha Abdul Majeed, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Nadia Malik, Paddy Mallon, Fernando Maltez, Denis Malvy, Victoria Manda, Laurent Mandelbrot, Frank Manetta, Julie Mankikian, Edmund Manning, Aldric Manuel, Veronika Maráczi, Ceila Maria Sant′Ana Malaque, Flávio Marino, Samuel Markowicz, Ana Marques, Catherine Marquis, Laura Marsh, Brian Marsh, Megan Marshal, John Marshall, Celina Turchi Martelli, Dori-Ann Martin, Emily Martin, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Alessandra Martinelli, F. Eduardo Martinez, Martin Martinot, Alejandro Martín-Quiros, Ana Martins, João Martins, Nuno Martins, Caroline Martins Rego, Gennaro Martucci, Olga Martynenko, Eva Miranda Marwali, Marsilla Marzukie, David Maslove, Sabina Mason, Sobia Masood, Fatma Masoud, Moise Massoma, Palmer Masumbe, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, Moshe Matan, Henrique Mateus Fernandes, Meghena Mathew, Christina Mathew, Mathieu Mattei, Laurence Maulin, Juergen May, Javier Maynar, Mayfong Mayxay, Thierry Mazzoni, Lisa Mc Sweeney, Colin McArthur, Naina McCann, Peter McCanny, Aine McCarthy, Anne McCarthy, Colin McCloskey, Rachael McConnochie, Sherry McDermott, Sarah E. McDonald, Aine McElroy, Samuel McElwee, Natalie McEvoy, Allison McGeer, Kenneth A. McLean, Paul McNally, Bairbre McNicholas, Edel Meaney, Cécile Mear-Passard, Maggie Mechlin, Nastia Medombou, Omar Mehkri, Ferruccio Mele, Luis Melo, Kashif Ali Memon, João João Mendes, Ogechukwu Menkiti, Kusum Menon, France Mentré, Alexander J. Mentzer, Emmanuelle Mercier, Noémie Mercier, Antoine Merckx, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Blake Mergler, António Mesquita, Roberta Meta, Osama Metwally, Agnès Meybeck, Dan Meyer, Alison M. Meynert, Vanina Meysonnier, Mehdi Mezidi, Céline Michelanglei, Isabelle Michelet, Efstathia Mihelis, Vladislav Mihnovit, Duha Milad Abdullah, Jennene Miller, Hugo Miranda-Maldonado, Nor Arisah Misnan, Nik Nur Eliza Mohamed, Nouralsabah Mohamed, Tahira Jamal Mohamed, Alaa Mohamed Ads, Ahmed Reda Mohamed Elsayed Abdelhalim, Libya Mohammed, Shrouk Fawze Mohammed Mostafa, Manahil Omer Abdelrahman Mohammedahmed, Omer Abdullah Mohammedelhassan, Asma Moin, Walaa Mokhtar, Elena Molinos, Brenda Molloy, Mary Mone, Agostinho Monteiro, Claudia Montes, Giorgia Montrucchio, Sarah Moore, Shona C. Moore, Lina Morales Cely, Marwa Morgom, Lucia Moro, Catherine Motherway, Ana Motos, Hugo Mouquet, Clara Mouton Perrot, Julien Moyet, Suleiman Haitham Mualla, Mohamed Muftah, Aisha Kalsoom Mufti, Ng Yong Muh, Mo'nes Muhaisen, Dzawani Muhamad, Jimmy Mullaert, Fredrik Müller, Karl Erik Müller, Daniel Munblit, Syed Muneeb Ali, Nadeem Munir, Laveena Munshi, Aisling Murphy, Patrick Murray, Marlène Murris, Srinivas Murthy, Himed Musaab, Alamin Mustafa, Mus'ab Mustafa, Dana Mustafa, Himasha Muvindi, Dimitra Melia Myrodia, Farah Nadia Mohd-Hanafiah, Behzad Nadjm, Dave Nagpal, Alex Nagrebetsky, Blanka Nagybányai-Nagy, Herwin Nanda Boudoin, Mangala Narasimhan, Nageswaran Narayanan, Prashant Nasa, Rashid Nasim Khan, Ahmad Nasrallah, Adel Gerges Nassif Metri, Alasdair Nazerali-Maitland, Nadège Neant, Holger Neb, Nikita Nekliudov, Matthew Nelder, Erni Nelwan, Raul Neto, Emily Neumann, Wing Yiu Ng, Pauline Yeung Ng, Anthony Nghi, Duc Nguyen, Orna Ni Choileain, Niamh Ni Leathlobhair, Nerissa Niba, Alistair D. Nichol, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Stephanie Nonas, Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin, Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam, Anita North, Alessandra Notari, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Adam Nowinski, Saad Nseir, Leonard Numfor, Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih, Dwi Utomo Nusantara, Elsa Nyamankolly, Anders Benteson Nygaard, Fionnuala O. Brien, Annmarie O. Callaghan, Annmarie O'Callaghan, Giovanna Occhipinti, Derbrenn OConnor, Max O'Donnell, Lawrence Ofori-Boadu, Tawnya Ogston, Takayuki Ogura, Tak-Hyuk Oh, Sophie O'Halloran, Katie O'Hearn, Sally-Ann Ohene, João Oliveira, Larissa Oliveira, Piero L. Olliaro, Cinderella Omar Rageh Elnaggar, Alsarrah Ali Mohammed Omer, Pierre Ondobo, David S.Y. Ong, Jee Yan Ong, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Anne Opavsky, Peter Openshaw, Saijad Orakzai, Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro, Jamel Ortoleva, Mohamed Osama Elsayed Soliman, Javier Osatnik, Linda O'Shea, Miriam O'Sullivan, Eman Othman, Siti Zubaidah Othman, Nadia Ouamara, Rachida Ouissa, Micheal Owusu, Ama Akyampomaa Owusu-Asare, Eric Oziol, Maïder Pagadoy, Justine Pages, Amanda Palacios, Massimo Palmarini, Giovanna Panarello, Hem Paneru, Lai Hui Pang, Mauro Panigada, Nathalie Pansu, Aurélie Papadopoulos, Rachael Parke, Melissa Parker, Jérémie Pasquier, Bruno Pastene, Fabian Patauner, Drashti Patel, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Luís Patrão, Patricia Patricio, Lisa Patterson, Rajyabardhan Pattnaik, Christelle Paul, Mical Paul, Jorge Paulos, William A. Paxton, Jean-François Payen, Sandra L. Peake, Kalaiarasu Peariasamy, Giles J. Peek, Florent Peelman, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Vincent Peigne, Mare Pejkovska, Paolo Pelosi, Ithan D. Peltan, Rui Pereira, Daniel Perez, Thomas Perpoint, Antonio Pesenti, Vincent Pestre, Lenka Petrou, Michele Petrovic, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Frank Olav Pettersen, Gilles Peytavin, Richard Odame Philips, Ooyanong Phonemixay, Soulichanya Phoutthavong, Michael Piagnerelli, Walter Picard, Olivier Picone, Maria de Piero, Djura Piersma, Carlos Pimentel, Raquel Pinto, Catarina Pires, Lionel Piroth, Ayodhia Pitaloka, Chiara Piubelli, Riinu Pius, Simone Piva, Laurent Plantier, Hon Shen Png, Julien Poissy, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Sergio Poli, Georgios Pollakis, Diane Ponscarme, Diego Bastos Porto, Andra-Maris Post, Douwe F. Postma, Pedro Povoa, Diana Póvoas, Jeff Powis, Sofia Prapa, Viladeth Praphasiri, Sébastien Preau, Christian Prebensen, Jean-Charles Preiser, Anton Prinssen, Gamage Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani, Lucia Proença, Sravya Pudota, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Mathew Pulicken, Peter Puplampu, Gregory Purcell, Luisa Quesada, Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona, Else Quist-Paulsen, Mohammed Quraishi, Fadi Qutishat, Maia Rabaa, Christian Rabaud, Ebenezer Rabindrarajan, Aldo Rafael, Marie Rafiq, Abdelrahman Ragab, Mutia Rahardjani, Arslan Rahat Ullah, Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman, Rozanah Abd Rahman, Fernando Rainieri, Giri Shan Rajahram, Pratheema Ramachandran, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, José Ramalho, Ahmad Afiq Ramli, Blandine Rammaert, Grazielle Viana Ramos, Asim Rana, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Ritika Ranjan, Christophe Rapp, Aasiyah Rashan, Thalha Rashan, Ghulam Rasheed, Menaldi Rasmin, Indrek Rätsep, Cornelius Rau, Tharmini Ravi, Ali Raza, Andre Real, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Brenda Reeve, Attaur Rehman, Muhammad Osama Rehman Khalid, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Renato Reis, Jonathan Remppis, Martine Remy, Hongru Ren, Hanna Renk, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Oleksa Rewa, Maria Ines Ribeiro, Antonia Ricchiuto, David Richardson, Denise Richardson, Laurent Richier, Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan, Ana L. Rios, Asgar Rishu, Patrick Rispal, Karine Risso, Maria Angelica Rivera Nuñez, Chiara Robba, André Roberto, Stephanie Roberts, Charles Roberts, David L. Robertson, Olivier Robineau, Anna Roca, Ferran Roche-Campo, Paola Rodari, Simão Rodeia, Bernhard Roessler, Claire Roger, Pierre-Marie Roger, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque, Jr., Mélanie Roriz, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Michael Rose, Dorothea Rosenberger, Andrea Rossanese, Matteo Rossetti, Patrick Rossignol, Carine Roy, Benoît Roze, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Clark D. Russell, Maeve Ryan, Steffi Ryckaert, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Isabela Saba, Sairah Sadaf, Musharaf Sadat, Valla Sahraei, Abdurraouf Said, Nadia Saidani, Pranya Sakiyalak, Fodé Bangaly Sako, Moamen Salah, Ali Alaa Salah Eldin Mohamed Abbas, Nawal Salahuddin, Leonardo Salazar, Jodat Saleem, Mohammed Saleh Alyasiri, Talat Ahmed Abu Salem, Gabriele Sales, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Hélène Salvator, Dana Samardali, Shaden Samardali, Yehia Samir Shaaban Aly Orabi, Emely Sanchez, Olivier Sanchez, Kizy Sanchez de Oliveira, Angel Sanchez-Miralles, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Gyan Sandhu, Zulfiqar Sandhu, Pierre-François Sandrine, Oana Săndulescu, Marlene Santos, Shirley Sarfo-Mensah, Bruno Sarmento Banheiro, Iam Claire E. Sarmiento, Benjamine Sarton, Ankana Satya, Sree Satyapriya, Rumaisah Satyawati, Egle Saviciute, Yen Tsen Saw, Justin Schaffer, Tjard Schermer, Arnaud Scherpereel, Marion Schneider, János Schnur, Stephan Schroll, Michael Schwameis, Gary Schwartz, Janet T. Scott, James Scott-Brown, Nicholas Sedillot, Tamara Seitz, Jaganathan Selvanayagam, Mageswari Selvarajoo, Malcolm G. Semple, Rasidah Bt Senian, Eric Senneville, Claudia Sepulveda, Filipa Sequeira, Tânia Sequeira, Ary Serpa Neto, Ellen Shadowitz, Syamin Asyraf Shahidan, Hamza Shahla, Laila Shalabi, Haitam Shames, Anuraj Shankar, Shaikh Sharjeel, Pratima Sharma, Catherine A. Shaw, Victoria Shaw, John Robert Sheenan, Dr. Rajesh Mohan Shetty, Rohan Shetty, Mohiuddin Shiekh, Nobuaki Shime, Keiki Shimizu, Sally Shrapnel, Shubha Kalyan Shrestha, Pramesh Sundar Shrestha, Hoi Ping Shum, Nassima Si Mohammed, Ng Yong Siang, Moses Siaw-Frimpong, Jeanne Sibiude, Bountoy Sibounheuang, Nidhal Siddig, Atif Siddiqui, Maqsood Ahmed Siddiqui, Louise Sigfrid, Fatoumata Sillah, Piret Sillaots, Catarina Silva, Maria Joao Silva, Rogério Silva, Benedict Sim Lim Heng, Wai Ching Sin, Dario Sinatti, Mahendra Singh, Punam Singh, Pompini Agustina Sitompul, Karisha Sivam, Vegard Skogen, Sue Smith, Benjamin Smood, Coilin Smyth, Morgane Snacken, Dominic So, Tze Vee Soh, Lene Bergendal Solberg, Joshua Solomon, Tom Solomon, Emily Somers, Agnès Sommet, Myung Jin Song, Rima Song, Tae Song, Jack Song Chia, Arne Søraas, Albert Sotto, Edouard Soum, Ana Chora Sousa, Marta Sousa, Maria Sousa Uva, Vicente Souza-Dantas, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Alexandra Sperry, Elisabetta Spinuzza, B. P. Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Trude Steinsvik, Ymkje Stienstra, Birgitte Stiksrud, Eva Stolz, Amy Stone, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Geoff Strong, Ami Stuart, David Stuart, Richa Su, Decy Subekti, Gabriel Suen, Jacky Y. Suen, Prasanth Sukumar, Asfia Sultana, Charlotte Summers, Dubravka Supic, Deepashankari Suppiah, Magdalena Surovcová, Atie Suwarti, Andrey Svistunov, Sarah Syahrin, Augustina Sylverken, Konstantinos Syrigos, Jaques Sztajnbok, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Shirin Tabrizi, Fabio S. Taccone, Lysa Tagherset, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, Sara Taleb, Cheikh Talla, Jelmer Talsma, Renaud Tamisier, Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, Kim Keat Tan, Yan Chyi Tan, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Taku Tanaka, Hayato Taniguchi, Huda Taqdees, Arshad Taqi, Coralie Tardivon, Yousef Tarek Kamal Mostafa, Ali Tarhabat, Pierre Tattevin, M Azhari Taufik, Hassan Tawfik, Tze Yuan Tee, João Teixeira, Sofia Tejada, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sze Kye Teoh, Vanessa Teotonio, François Téoulé, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Hubert Tessier-Grenier, Adrian Tey, Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, Anand Thakur, Zhang Duan Tham, Suvintheran Thangavelu, Elmi Theron, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Jananee Thirumanickam, Niamh Thompson, Shaun Thompson, Emma C. Thomson, David Thomson, Mathew Thorpe, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, Ryan S. Thwaites, Paul Tierney, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter S. Timashev, Jean-François Timsit, Noémie Tissot, Fiona Toal, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, Maria Toki, Kristian Tonby, Sia Loong Tonnii, Marta Torre, Antoni Torres, Margarida Torres, Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo, Hernando Torres-Zevallos, Aboubacar Tounkara, Michael Towers, Fodé Amara Traoré, Tony Trapani, Cécile Tromeur, Ioannis Trontzas, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Helen Tuite, Alexis F. Turgeon, Jean-Marie Turmel, Lance C.W. Turtle, Anders Tveita, Pawel Twardowski, Makoto Uchiyama, PG Ishara Udayanga, Andrew Udy, Roman Ullrich, Alberto Uribe, Asad Usman, Effua Usuf, Timothy M. Uyeki, Cristinava Vajdovics, Piero Valentini, Luís Val-Flores, Stijn Van de Velde, Marcel van den Berge, Machteld van der Feltz, Job van der Palen, Paul van der Valk, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Peter Van der Voort, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Laura van Gulik, Jarne Van Hattem, Carolien van Netten, Ilonka van Veen, Noémie Vanel, Henk Vanoverschelde, Michael Varrone, Shoban Raj Vasudayan, Charline Vauchy, Pavan Kumar Vecham, Shaminee Veeran, Aurélie Veislinger, Sebastian Vencken, Sara Ventura, Annelies Verbon, José Ernesto Vidal, César Vieira, Deepak Vijayan, Judit Villar, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, Andrea Villoldo, Gayatri Vishwanathan, Benoit Visseaux, Hannah Visser, Chiara Vitiello, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Harald Vonkeman, Fanny Vuotto, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Noor Hidayu Wahab, Nadirah Abdul Wahid, Marina Wainstein, Laura Walsh, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri, Chih-Hsien Wang, Steve Webb, Katharina Weil, Tan Pei Wen, Hassi Wesam, Sanne Wesselius, T. Eoin West, Murray Wham, Bryan Whelan, Nicole White, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Surya Otto Wijaya, Keith Wille, Sue Willems, Bailey Williams, Patricia J. Williams, Virginie Williams, Jessica Wittman, Calvin Wong, Xin Ci Wong, Yew Sing Wong, Teck Fung Wong, Natalie Wright, Lim Saio Xian, Ioannis Xynogalas, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, Masaki Yamazaki, Elizabeth Yarad, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Abdelrahman Yehia Mahmoud Abdelaal, Cécile Yelnik, Chian Hui Yeoh, Stephanie Yerkovich, Touxiong Yiaye, Toshiki Yokoyama, Hodane Yonis, Obada Yousif, Saptadi Yuliarto, Akram Zaaqoq, Marion Zabbe, Gustavo E. Zabert, Kai Zacharowski, Masliza Zahid, Maram Zahran, Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan, Maria Zambon, Miguel Zambrano, Alberto Zanella, Nurul Zaynah, Hiba Zayyad, Alexander Zoufaly, and David Zucman
Subjects: COVID-19, Non-respiratory symptoms, Respiratory symptoms, Risk factors, Mortality, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: Background: COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory illness; however, many patients present to hospital without respiratory symptoms. The association between non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19 and outcomes remains unclear. We investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with no respiratory symptoms (NRS) and respiratory symptoms (RS) at hospital admission. Methods: This study describes clinical features, physiological parameters, and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, stratified by the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms at hospital admission. RS patients had one or more of: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose or wheezing; while NRS patients did not. Results: Of 178,640 patients in the study, 86.4 % presented with RS, while 13.6 % had NRS. NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7 % vs RS: 37.5 %). NRS patients had a higher crude in-hospital case-fatality ratio (NRS 41.1 % vs. RS 32.0 %), but a lower risk of death after adjusting for confounders (HR 0.88 [0.83–0.93]). Conclusion: Approximately one in seven COVID-19 patients presented at hospital admission without respiratory symptoms. These patients were older, had lower ICU admission rates, and had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for confounders.
Published: 2024
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4. Extended coagulation profile of children with Long Covid: a prospective study

Author: Leonardo Di Gennaro, Piero Valentini, Silvia Sorrentino, Maria Antonietta Ferretti, Erica De Candia, Maria Basso, Stefano Lancellotti, Raimondo De Cristofaro, Cristina De Rose, Francesco Mariani, Rosa Morello, Ilaria Lazzareschi, Louise Sigfrid, Daniel Munblit, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Emerging data suggests that endotheliopathy changes can be associated with post covid condition (PCC) in adults. Research on the matter in children is lacking. We analyzed an extended coagulation profile including biomarkers of endothelial damage in children with PCC and compared it with a control group of children that fully recovered post- SARS-CoV-2 infection. A case-control study enrolling children below 18 years of age with previous microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric post-covid unit in Italy ≥ 8 weeks after the initial infection. Samples were taken at 8 and 12 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and analyzed for coagulation profiling (fibrinogen, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, d-dimers, factor VIII coagulant activity, plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen and VWF ristocetin cofactor (RC)). We compared coagulation profiles in samples from children identified with PCC (at least one, or three or more symptoms, which could not be explained by an alternative diagnosis, at the 8- and 12-week follow-up assessment using the pediatric Long Covid International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) survey. Seventy-five children were enrolled, 49.3% were females, the median age was 10.2 (IQR 4.9) years. Forty-six (61%) of the children had at least one persisting symptom at the eight weeks post-onset, (PCC8); 39/75 (52%) had persistent symptoms for more than 12 weeks (PCC12) and 15/75(32%) had at least three persisting symptoms (PCC ≥ 3) at 12 weeks. Children with PCC presented more frequently with abnormal D-Dimer levels above the reference range compared to children that had fully recovered at the 8–12 weeks (39.1% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.04), and 12 week follow up or more (41% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.05), and in children with three or more symptoms at 12 weeks follow up compared to those that had recovered (64.3% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.002). For the other coagulation profiles, there were abnormal values detected for VWF, FVIII, RC and Fibrinogen but no significant differences between children with PCC compared to controls. Although the majority of children in our cohort showed coagulation profile within or close to normal ranges, we found that a higher proportion of children with PCC, and specifically those with a more severe spectrum characterized with three or more persisting symptoms, had abnormal D-dimer levels compared to other children that fully recovered from an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Published: 2022
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5. Utility of Rapid Nasopharyngeal Swab for Respiratory Pathogens in the Diagnosis of Viral Infections in Children Hospitalized with Fever: A Prospective Validation Study to Improve Antibiotic Use

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Rosa Morello, Francesco Mariani, Bianca Mazzoli, Cristina De Rose, Ilaria Lazzareschi, Francesca Raffaelli, Rita Blandino, Maurizio Sanguinetti, and Piero Valentini
Subjects: children, viral infections, bacterial infections, point-of-care test, fever, nasopharyngeal swab, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Introduction: Fever is among the most common reason for medical assessment and antibiotic prescription in practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate positive and negative predictive values of rapid nasopharyngeal swabs for respiratory pathogens to discriminate viral from bacterial infections. Methods: We prospectively tested children with signs and/or symptoms of infections (e.g., fever, cough, wheezing, suspected urinary tract infection) admitted to a paediatric department. Following discharge, clinical phenotypes were assigned defining a cohort of children having probable/certain viral infection, probable/certain bacterial infection, other inflammatory conditions or healthy controls. Results: In this study, 190 children were enrolled (50.5% females, median age 30.5 (8–86) months). In total, 102 patients (53.7%) were affected by respiratory viral infections, 16 (8.4%) by bacterial infections, 29 (15.3%) were healthy controls and 43 (22.6%) were affected by another pathological condition manifested with fever. In total, 84.3% of patients classified as viral infection tested positive for viruses, compared with 18.8% of patients with bacterial infection (p < 0.001), 18.6% of patients with other condition (p < 0.001) and 17.2% of control patients (p < 0.001). The positive predictive value of NPSs in the diagnosis of viral infection was 88.6% and the negative predictive value was 75.0%. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that rapid NPS tests for respiratory viruses are a useful tool to confirm viral infections in children with fever and improve antibiotic use.
Published: 2024
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6. Persisting Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with SARS-CoV-2: Temporal Evolution over 18 Months and Possible Role of Lactoferrin

Author: Francesco Mariani, Saveena Rainaldi, Giulia Dall’Ara, Cristina De Rose, Rosa Morello, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2 infection, long COVID, post COVID condition (PCC), children, gastrointestinal symptoms, lactoferrin, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Background and aim: Persisting gastrointestinal symptoms are reported to be relatively common in children with long COVID; however, their detailed characterization and long-term outcomes have not yet been described. Methods: We performed a retrospective study aiming to investigate the temporal evolution of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with SARS-CoV-2, from acute infection to 18-months follow-up. To further investigate possible therapeutic strategies, we evaluated the role of lactoferrin in improving gastrointestinal symptoms in these children, compared with those not treated. Results: A total of 1224 patients (47.7% females) were included. Of these participants, 246 (19.8%) were vaccinated and 143 (11.5%) presented with comorbidities. A total of 175 patients (14.1%) presented gastrointestinal symptoms during acute infection, 54 (4.4%) at three months, 23 (1.9%) at six months, 6 (3.3%) at twelve months, and 2 (2.3%) at eighteen months follow-up. At six months follow-up, children who were treated with 3 months oral lactoferrin had less persisting symptoms compared to those who did not receive lactoferrin, although this difference was not statistically significant (three patients (25%) in the lactoferrin group vs. fourteen patients (33.3%) not treated, p = 0.73), probably due to the low number of patients with persisting GI symptoms. Conclusions: GI symptoms are relatively common during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, and a non-negligible proportion of these children reported persisting symptoms for up to 12–18 months after the acute infection. In addition, we found a trend even if statistically nonsignificant toward faster improvement of persisting gastrointestinal symptoms in children with long COVID treated with lactoferrin. Despite the limitations relating to the present study’s design, given the significant burden of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with long COVID, our findings provide the basis to perform a prospective, placebo-controlled study.
Published: 2024
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7. Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (Long Covid) in children: a prospective cohort studyResearch in context

Author: Rosa Morello, Francesco Mariani, Luca Mastrantoni, Cristina De Rose, Giuseppe Zampino, Daniel Munblit, Louise Sigfrid, Piero Valentini, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: Sars-Cov-2 infection, Children, Long covid, Post-covid condition, Risk factors, Sars-CoV-2 variants, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Adults and children can develop post-Covid-19 condition (PCC) (also referred to as Long Covid). However, existing evidence is scarce, partly due to a lack of a standardised case definition, short follow up duration, and heterogenous study designs, resulting in wide variation of reported outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to characterise risk factors for PCC and longitudinal rates of recovery in a cohort of children and young people using a standardised protocol. Methods: We performed a prospective “disease-based” cohort study between 01/02/2020 to 31/10/2022 including children aged 0–18 years old, with a previous diagnosis of Covid-19. Children with microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, were invited for an in-clinic follow-up assessment at a paediatric post-covid clinic in Rome, Italy, at serial intervals (3-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post-onset). PCC was defined as persistence of otherwise unexplained symptoms for at least three months after initial infection. The statistical association between categorical variables was obtained by Chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests. Multivariable logistic regressions are presented using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Findings: 1243 children were included, median age: 7.5 (4–10.3) years old; 575 (46.3%) were females. Of these, 23% (294/1243) were diagnosed with PCC at three months post-onset. Among the study population, 143 patients remained symptomatic at six months, 38 at 12 months, and 15 at 18 months follow up evaluation. The following risk factors were associated with PCC: >10 years of age (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.18–1.28), comorbidities (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.14–2.50), and hospitalisation during the acute phase (OR 4.80; 95%CI 1.91–12.1). Using multivariable logistic regression, compared to the Omicron variant, all other variants were significantly associated with PCC at 3 and 6 months. At least one dose of vaccine was associated with a reduced, but not statistically significant risk of developing PCC. Interpretation: In our study, acute-phase hospitalisation, pre-existing comorbidity, being infected with pre-Omicron variants and older age were associated with a higher risk of developing PCC. Most children recovered over time, but one-in-twenty of those with PCC at three months reported persistent symptoms 18 months post-Sars-CoV-2 infection. Omicron infection was associated with shorter recovery times. We did not find a strong protective effect of vaccination on PCC development. Although our cohort cannot be translated to all Italian children with PCC as more nationwide studies are needed, our findings highlight the need of new strategies to prevent and treat pediatric PCC are needed. Funding: This study has been funded by Pfizer non-competitive grant, granted to DB (# 65925795).
Published: 2023
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8. Social Stigma in Children with Long COVID

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Anna Camporesi, Rosa Morello, Cristina De Rose, Matteo Fracasso, Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo, and Piero Valentini
Subjects: long COVID, COVID-19, children, social stigma, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: There is growing evidence that adults with Long COVID suffer from different sets of stigmata related to their condition. In children with Long COVID, this aspect has never been investigated. This study aims to investigate if children with Long COVID also experience stigma. Methods: Children with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection evaluated at 3 month follow-ups in a pediatric post COVID unit were asked to fill in an online Long COVID Stigma Scale survey before they were assessed by a pediatrician. Doctors were unaware of children’s responses when they performed a diagnosis of Long COVID or full recovery from previous infection, according to the World Health Organization definition of pediatric Long COVID. Responses to the Stigma scale were then compared in the two cohorts of children. Results: 224 patients responded to the questionnaire; 40 patients were diagnosed with Long COVID. Children with Long COVID significantly more frequently felt embarrassed about having Long COVID (p 0.035), felt embarrassed about having physical limitations (p < 0.001), felt they were valued less due to Long COVID (p 0.003), felt they were different from other peers due to Long COVID (p 0.033), felt significantly more frequently that people behaved differently towards them because they might be lying since the diagnosis of Long COVID (p 0.006), that they were less respected by others due to Long COVID (p 0.017), that other people thought that Long COVID is not a real disease (p 0.007), that other people thought that developing Long COVID is a sign of weakness (p 0.008), and that other people might judge them negatively due to their diagnosis of Long COVID (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Children with Long COVID, similar to adults, are suffering from stigmata due to their condition,. These data may have implication and should be used by the public, policy makers, and healthcare professionals regarding pediatric Long COVID.
Published: 2023
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9. Risk Factors for Persistent Anosmia and Dysgeusia in Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Retrospective Study

Author: Francesco Mariani, Rosa Morello, Daniele Omar Traini, Anna La Rocca, Cristina De Rose, Piero Valentini, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, Long COVID, post-COVID-19 condition, anosmia, dysgeusia, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Background: Olfactory and gustative dysfunctions are two of the most common post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, which can have a negative impact on the routines of children and families. As several children have had COVID-19 since the Omicron variant, it is important to investigate if this increase in infections is reflected in higher olfactory/taste disfunctions. The primary aim of this study was to characterize the presence of olfactory/gustative problems in a cohort of children, its evolution, and its association with risk factors such as COVID-19 variant, hospitalization, presence of olfactory/gustative dysfunction during the acute phase, and vaccination. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of children with microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection evaluated in person at a referral pediatric post-COVID-19 clinic in Rome, Italy. We included children younger than 19 years old, evaluated from the beginning of the pandemic up to October 2022. At specific timepoints, we investigated the presence of olfactory/taste disfunctions and evaluated them according to the SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating at the time of infection. Results: A total of 1250 children (650 females; 52.0%) with a mean age of 6.77 (±4.12) years were included in the study. At 3, 6, 12, and 18 months, 12 (9.6%), 7 (5.6%), 2 (1.6%), and 1 (0.8%) of the children reported anosmia and dysgeusia post-COVID-19 infection, respectively. The presence of anosmia and dysgeusia during the acute phase of infection and being infected with a pre-Omicron variant were found to be significant risk factors for persistent olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during all follow-up periods. Conclusions: anosmia and dysgeusia symptoms tended to decrease gradually over time, but not all children recovered quickly.
Published: 2023
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10. Ultrasound Imaging for Diaphragm Function in a Population of Healthy Infants: A Short Observational Report

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Francesco Mariani, Rosa Morello, Gianmaria Cammarota, Cristina De Rose, Piero Valentini, Anna Camporesi, and Luigi Vetrugno
Subjects: diaphragm ultrasound, children, diaphragm thickening fraction, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Introduction: Diaphragm ultrasound is increasingly used in adults, and more recently in pediatric practice. However, normal diaphragm parameters in healthy infants are unknown. This was a prospective observational pilot study aiming to define the normal diaphragm ultrasound characteristics in healthy infants during the first 6 months of life. Methods: We recruited healthy neonates at 7 to 15 days of life, who were followed until the sixth month of life, undergoing five assessments in different time points. The measurements included diaphragm thickness at end expiration (TEE) and at end inspiration (TEI). The thickening fraction (TF) was calculated as (TEI-TEE)/TEE and expressed as a percentage, and as (TEI-TEE)/TEI. Results: A total of 37 toddlers, 16 of which were females (43.2%), were enrolled. Thirty-four children (91.9%) were of Caucasian ethnicity and the median gestational age was 38.4 (35.7–40) weeks. Normal TEE, TEI, and TF have been provided for each time point. Conclusion: We provided new insight regarding data about thickness and thickening function in healthy children to be used for future physiologic and pathologic pediatric studies.
Published: 2023
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11. Basedow-Graves’ disease in a pediatric patient with Sticlker syndrome, a new endocrine finding to improve personalized treatment

Author: Roberta Onesimo, Cristina De Rose, Clelia Cipolla, Silvia Della Casa, Chiara Leoni, Annabella Salerni, Daniela Ricci, and Giuseppe Zampino
Subjects: Stickler syndrome, Basedow-Graves’s disease, Pediatric disability, Autoimmune disease, Nutritional assessment, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder with predominantly autosomal dominant inheritance, with ocular, auditory and joint involvement. Thyroid dysfunction was not described as part of alterations in Stickler syndrome and in particular, the association between Stickler’s syndrome and Graves’ disease has never been previously reported in literature. Moreover, the presence of Graves’ disease is uncommon in the pediatric age (especially in children younger than 6 years old). Case presentation We report the case of a 5-years old child affected by Stickler syndrome who received the diagnosis of Graves’s disease, in absence of suggestive symptoms, during health supervision. Conclusions This is the first evidence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune pattern for Sticker syndrome. Further clinical reports are expected before suggesting the implementation of new clinical skills for Stickler syndrome, but this paper may contribute to improve personalized management of this rare disorder.
Published: 2020
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12. Post-COVID Condition in Adults and Children Living in the Same Household in Italy: A Prospective Cohort Study Using the ISARIC Global Follow-Up Protocol

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Daniel Munblit, Ekaterina Pazukhina, Antonia Ricchiuto, Dario Sinatti, Margherita Zona, Alessia De Matteis, Federico D’Ilario, Carolina Gentili, Roberta Lanni, Teresa Rongai, Patrizia del Balzo, Maria Teresa Fonte, Michele Valente, Giuseppe Zampino, Cristina De Rose, Louise Sigfrid, Piero Valentini, FIMP-Roma, Ilaria Sani, Giovanna La Cava, Serenella Castronuovo, Isabella Capodici, Ermenia Zirletta, Loredana Costabile, Di Martino, Lorenza Arnaboldi, Maria Concetta Carbone, Rosella Sebastianelli, Cristina Ciuffo, Donatella Marano, Cinzia Grassi, Immacolata La Bella, and Luciano Sozio
Subjects: COVID-19, long COVID, post-COVID “long-haulers”, children, adults, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: BackgroundEmerging evidence shows that both adults and children may develop post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). The aim of this study is to characterise and compare long-term post-SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes in adults and children in a defined region in Italy.MethodsA prospective cohort study including children (≤18 years old) with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household members. Participants were assessed via telephone and face-to-face visits up to 12 months post-SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis of household index case, using the ISARIC COVID-19 follow-up survey.ResultsOf 507 participants from 201 households, 56.4% (286/507) were children, 43.6% (221/507) adults. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 87% (249/286) in children, and 78% (172/221) in adults. The mean age of PCR positive children was 10.4 (SD = 4.5) and of PCR positive adults was 44.5 years (SD = 9.5), similar to the PCR negative control groups [children 10.5 years (SD = 3.24), adults 42.3 years (SD = 9.06)]. Median follow-up post-SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was 77 days (IQR 47–169). A significantly higher proportion of adults compared to children reported at least one persistent symptom (67%, 68/101 vs. 32%, 57/179, p < 0.001) at the first follow up. Adults had more frequently coexistence of several symptom categories at both follow-up time-points. Female gender was identified as a risk factor for PASC in adults (p 0.02 at 1–3 months and p 0.01 at 6–9 months follow up), but not in children. We found no significant correlation between adults and children symptoms. In the paediatric group, there was a significant difference in persisting symptoms between those with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to controls at 1–3 months follow up, but not at 6–9 months. Conversely, positive adults had a higher frequency of persisting symptoms at both follow-up assessments.ConclusionOur data highlights that children can experience persistent multisystemic symptoms months after diagnosis of mild acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, although less frequently and less severely than co-habitant adults. There was no correlation between symptoms experienced by adults and children living in the same household. Our data highlights an urgent need for studies to characterise PASC in whole populations and the wider impact on families.
Published: 2022
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13. Modulating Role of Breastfeeding Toward Long COVID Occurrence in Children: A Preliminary Study

Author: Giulia Vizzari, Daniela Morniroli, Valentina Tiraferri, Silvana Castaldi, Maria Francesca Patria, Paola Marchisio, Carlo Agostoni, Fabio Mosca, Danilo Buonsenso, Gregorio Paolo Milani, Maria Lorella Giannì, The CHICO Study Group, Francesco Folino, Maria Carola Pensabene, Marina Macchi, Cristina De Rose, Rosa Morello, Carolina Gentili, Margherita Zona, and Alessia De Matteis
Subjects: human milk, childhood, immune system, COVID-19, breastfeeding, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2) pandemic has forced the global health system to face new challenges both in the acute management of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) patients and in its consequences. In particular, the long-term effects of this new virus, especially in children, are still poorly understood. Scientific research is currently trying to understand the mechanisms underlying the so called “long COVID syndrome”. Since the beginning of the pandemic, breastmilk has been studied for its antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Based on these assumptions, we conducted a preliminary study in order to investigate the prevalence of long COVID in a cohort of Italian children with previously detected SARS-CoV-2 infection and evaluate if breastfeeding might play a role in modulating long COVID occurrence.
Published: 2022
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14. Ten Years of Pediatric Lung Ultrasound: A Narrative Review

Author: Anna Maria Musolino, Paolo Tomà, Cristina De Rose, Eugenio Pitaro, Elena Boccuzzi, Rita De Santis, Rosa Morello, Maria Chiara Supino, Alberto Villani, Piero Valentini, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: lung ultrasound, LUS, children, pediatrics, imaging, lung disease, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract: Lung diseases are the most common conditions in newborns, infants, and children and are also the primary cause of death in children younger than 5 years old. Traditionally, the lung was not thought to be a target for an ultrasound due to its inability to penetrate the gas-filled anatomical structures. With the deepening of knowledge on ultrasound in recent years, it is now known that the affected lung produces ultrasound artifacts resulting from the abnormal tissue/gas/tissue interface when ultrasound sound waves penetrate lung tissue. Over the years, the application of lung ultrasound (LUS) has changed and its main indications in the pediatric population have expanded. This review analyzed the studies on lung ultrasound in pediatrics, published from 2010 to 2020, with the aim of highlighting the usefulness of LUS in pediatrics. It also described the normal and abnormal appearances of the pediatric lung on ultrasound as well as the benefits, limitations, and possible future challenges of this modality.
Published: 2022
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15. Lactoferrin as Possible Treatment for Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Long COVID: Case Series and Literature Review

Author: Rosa Morello, Cristina De Rose, Sara Cardinali, Piero Valentini, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2 infection, long COVID, children, oral supplementation, lactoferrin, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Long COVID is an emergent, heterogeneous, and multisystemic condition with an increasingly important impact also on the pediatric population. Among long COVID symptoms, patients can experience chronic gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and dysphagia. Although there is no standard, agreed, and optimal diagnostic approach or treatment of long COVID in children, recently compounds containing multiple micronutrients and lactoferrin have been proposed as a possible treatment strategy, due to the long-standing experience gained from other gastrointestinal conditions. In particular, lactoferrin is a pleiotropic glycoprotein with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and immunomodulatory activities. Moreover, it seems to have several physiological functions to protect the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, we described the resolution of symptoms after the start of therapy with high doses of oral lactoferrin in two patients referred to our post-COVID pediatric unit due to chronic gastrointestinal symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Published: 2022
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16. Classification of Lung Disease in Children by Using Lung Ultrasound Images and Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Author: Silvia Magrelli, Piero Valentini, Cristina De Rose, Rosa Morello, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: deep-learning CNN, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, children, lung ultrasonography, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract: Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization of children in the first year of life and pneumonia is the leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Lung ultrasound technology (LUS) is a novel imaging diagnostic tool for the early detection of respiratory distress and offers several advantages due to its low-cost, relative safety, portability, and easy repeatability. More precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are needed. Deep-learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems, using chest X-ray images, have recently demonstrated their potential as a screening tool for pulmonary disease (such as COVID-19 pneumonia). We present the first computer-aided diagnostic scheme for LUS images of pulmonary diseases in children. In this study, we trained from scratch four state-of-the-art deep-learning models (VGG19, Xception, Inception-v3 and Inception-ResNet-v2) for detecting children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. In our experiments we used a data set consisting of 5,907 images from 33 healthy infants, 3,286 images from 22 infants with bronchiolitis, and 4,769 images from 7 children suffering from bacterial pneumonia. Using four-fold cross-validation, we implemented one binary classification (healthy vs. bronchiolitis) and one three-class classification (healthy vs. bronchiolitis vs. bacterial pneumonia) out of three classes. Affine transformations were applied for data augmentation. Hyperparameters were optimized for the learning rate, dropout regularization, batch size, and epoch iteration. The Inception-ResNet-v2 model provides the highest classification performance, when compared with the other models used on test sets: for healthy vs. bronchiolitis, it provides 97.75% accuracy, 97.75% sensitivity, and 97% specificity whereas for healthy vs. bronchiolitis vs. bacterial pneumonia, the Inception-v3 model provides the best results with 91.5% accuracy, 91.5% sensitivity, and 95.86% specificity. We performed a gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) visualization and the results were qualitatively evaluated by a pediatrician expert in LUS imaging: heatmaps highlight areas containing diagnostic-relevant LUS imaging-artifacts, e.g., A-, B-, pleural-lines, and consolidations. These complex patterns are automatically learnt from the data, thus avoiding hand-crafted features usage. By using LUS imaging, the proposed framework might aid in the development of an accessible and rapid decision support-method for diagnosing pulmonary diseases in children using LUS imaging.
Published: 2021
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17. Chronic Olfactory Dysfunction in Children with Long COVID: A Retrospective Study

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Laura Martino, Rosa Morello, Cristina De Rose, and Piero Valentini
Subjects: COVID-19, long COVID, children, anosmia, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Olfactory dysfunction is one of the long-term consequences of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of chronic anosmia among COVID-19 children and to bring to light its impact on their families’ quality of life and wellbeing. Children younger than 18 years old, who were detected as being COVID-19-positive by RT-PCR and were assessed in a pediatric post-COVID outpatient clinic at least 28 days after the onset of the acute infection, were included in the study. The patients suffering from persisting smell disorders were asked to answer a questionnaire about their symptoms and how they influence their daily life. Out of the 784 children evaluated, 13 (1.7%) presented olfactory impairment at a mean follow-up since the acute infection of more than three months. Parents’ answers showed that they were worried about their children’s health, in particular they wanted to know if and when they would recover and if these disorders would have long-term consequences. They also wanted to share their experiences, in order to help other people who are experiencing the same disorders in everyday life. Our study highlights that smell disorders can significantly upset children’s eating habits and everyday activities. Furthermore, these findings suggest that future research should try to better understand the mechanisms causing loss of smell in COVID-19 patients and find the most appropriate treatment.
Published: 2022
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18. SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Italian Schools: Preliminary Findings After 1 Month of School Opening During the Second Wave of the Pandemic

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Cristina De Rose, Rossana Moroni, and Piero Valentini
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, school, students, Italy, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Introduction: The impact of school opening on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is still unknown. This study aims to provide preliminary information about the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases among students attending Italian schools.Methods: Data are extracted and analyzed from an open-access, online dataset that monitor, on a daily basis, media news about SARS-CoV-2 infections of students attending Italian schools.Results: As of October 5, 2020, a total of 1,350 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections have been registered in the Italian territory schools (involving 1,059 students, 145 teachers, and 146 other school members), for a total of 1,212 out of 65,104 (1.8%) Italian schools involved. National schools reported only one case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in more than 90% of cases, and only in one high school a cluster of more than 10 cases has been described (P = 0.015). The detection of one or more SARS-CoV-2 infections led to the closure of 192 (15.8%) entire schools, more frequently nursery/kindergartens (P < 0.0005).Discussion: Our preliminary data support low transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within schools, at least among younger students. However, entire schools are frequently closed in the fear of larger outbreaks. Continuous monitoring of school settings, hopefully through daily updated open-access datasets, is needed to better understand the impact of schools on the pandemic and provide guidelines that better consider different risks within different age groups.
Published: 2021
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19. Immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Focus on T Regulatory and B Cell Responses in Children Compared with Adults

Author: Gabriele Di Sante, Danilo Buonsenso, Cristina De Rose, Maria Tredicine, Ivana Palucci, Flavio De Maio, Chiara Camponeschi, Nicola Bonadia, Daniele Biasucci, Davide Pata, Antonio Chiaretti, Piero Valentini, Francesco Ria, Maurizio Sanguinetti, and Michela Sali
Subjects: childhood SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 immunopathology, T cells, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: While the clinical impact of COVID-19 on adults has been massive, the majority of children develop pauci-symptomatic or even asymptomatic infection and only a minority of the latter develop a fatal outcome. The reasons of such differences are not yet established. We examined cytokines in sera and Th and B cell subpopulations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 40 children (+ children as compared to adult patients, the expression of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ and TNFα directly correlated with early age infection and symptoms. Th and B cell subsets were modified during pediatric infection differently with respect to adult patients and controls and within the pediatric group based on age. Low levels of IgD− CD27+ memory B cells correlated with absent/mild symptoms. On the contrary, high levels of FoxP3+/CD25high T-Regs associated with a moderate–severe clinical course in the childhood. These T and B cells subsets did not associate with severity in infected adults, with children showing a predominant expansion of immature B lymphocytes and natural regulatory T cells. This study shows differences in immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children compared with adults. Moreover, these data could provide information that can drive vaccination endpoints for children.
Published: 2022
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20. Chest Computed Tomography and Lung Ultrasound Findings in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Pocket Review for Non-radiologists

Author: Davide Pata, Piero Valentini, Cristina De Rose, Rita De Santis, Rosa Morello, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: COVID-19, chest computed tomography, lung ultrasound, SARS-CoV-2, diagnosis, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has quickly spread worldwide, causing a pandemic. The main clinical manifestation is pneumonia. The most important test for the diagnosis is represented by RT-PCR, but, given the limited sensitivity, further radiological examinations are necessary. We reviewed the literature to highlight the typical manifestations and advantages of chest computed tomography and lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia in order to assist clinical researchers in the management of this disease.
Published: 2020
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21. Potential Application of Lung Ultrasound in Children with Severe Uncontrolled Asthma: Preliminary Hypothesis Based on a Case Series

Author: Cristina De Rose, Stefano Miceli Sopo, Piero Valentini, Rosa Morello, Daniele Biasucci, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: lung ultrasound, LUS, children, asthma, personalized medicine, Medicine
Abstract: In recent years, lung ultrasound (LUS) has been increasingly used for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in both adult and pediatric patients. However, asthma is a field in which the use of LUS is not yet well defined, or is in development. In the following case series, we describe clinical, laboratory, and radiological results, as well as detailed lung ultrasound findings of six children with asthma: some of them with acute asthma attack and with inadequately controlled allergic asthma or childhood asthma; others with acute asthma and allergic or infantile asthma adequately controlled by preventive therapy. Finally, we describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters of a child with severe allergic asthma in the absence of exacerbation. In these cases, albeit at different times, LUS played an important role in both the initial diagnostic process and follow-up. It also showed different ultrasound features depending on the severity of the individual asthma based on the type of asthmatic phenotype and control of it.
Published: 2022
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22. Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Italian Version of the Paediatric Eating Assessment Tool (I-Pedi-Eat-10) in Genetic Syndromes

Author: Roberta Onesimo, Elisabetta Sforza, Elizabeth Katherine Anna Triumbari, Francesco Proli, Chiara Leoni, Valentina Giorgio, Donato Rigante, Valentina Trevisan, Cristina De Rose, Eliza Maria Kuczynska, Antonella Cerchiari, Marika Pane, Eugenio Mercuri, Peter Belafsky, and Giuseppe Zampino
Abstract: Background: The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (PEDI-EAT-10) is a reliable and valid tool for rapid identification of dysphagia in patients aged 18 months to 18 years. Aims: To translate and adapt the PEDI-EAT-10 into the Italian language and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods & Procedures: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the tool consisted of five stages: initial translation, synthesis of the translations, back translation, expert committee evaluation and test of the prefinal version. The internal consistency of the translated tool was analysed in a clinical group composed of 200 patients with special healthcare needs aged between 18 months and 18 years. They were consecutively enrolled at the Rare Disease Unit, Paediatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome. For test-retest reliability, 50 caregivers filled in the PEDI-EAT-10 questionnaire for a second time after a 2-week period. Construct validity was established by comparing data obtained from patients with data from healthy participants (n = 200). The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Outcomes & Results: Psychometric data obtained from patients (104 M; mean age = 8.08 ± 4.85 years; median age = 7 years) showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's a = 0.89) and test-retest reliability (Pearson r = 0.99; Spearman r = 0.96). A total of 30% of children were classified as having a high risk of penetration/aspiration. The Italian PEDI-EAT-10 mean total score of the clinical group was significantly different from that resulting from healthy participants. Conclusions & Implications: The PEDI-EAT-10 was successfully translated into Italian, validated and found to be a reliable one-page rapid screening tool to identify dysphagia in children and adolescents with special needs.
Published: 2024
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23. Risk of long Covid in children infected with Omicron or <scp>pre‐Omicron SARS‐CoV</scp> ‐2 variants

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Rosa Morello, Francesco Mariani, Cristina De Rose, Luca Mastrantoni, Giuseppe Zampino, and Piero Valentini
Subjects: Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, General Medicine
Published: 2023

24. Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (Long Covid) in children: a prospective cohort study

Author: Rosa Morello, Francesco Mariani, Luca Mastrantoni, Cristina De Rose, Giuseppe Zampino, Daniel Munblit, Louise Sigfrid, Piero Valentini, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: Background Adults and children can develop post-Covid-19 condition (PCC) (also referred to as Long Covid). However, existing evidence is scarce, partly due to a lack of a standardised case definition, short follow up duration, and heterogenous study designs, resulting in wide variation of reported outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to characterise risk factors for PCC and longitudinal rates of recovery in a cohort of children and young people using a standardised protocol. Methods We performed a prospective “disease-based” cohort study between 01/02/2020 to 31/10/2022 including children aged 0–18 years old, with a previous diagnosis of Covid-19. Children with microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, were invited for an in-clinic follow-up assessment at a paediatric post-covid clinic in Rome, Italy, at serial intervals (3-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post-onset). PCC was defined as persistence of otherwise unexplained symptoms for at least three months after initial infection. The statistical association between categorical variables was obtained by Chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests. Multivariable logistic regressions are presented using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Findings 1243 children were included, median age: 7.5 (4–10.3) years old; 575 (46.3%) were females. Of these, 23% (294/1243) were diagnosed with PCC at three months post-onset. Among the study population, 143 patients remained symptomatic at six months, 38 at 12 months, and 15 at 18 months follow up evaluation. The following risk factors were associated with PCC: >10 years of age (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.18–1.28), comorbidities (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.14–2.50), and hospitalisation during the acute phase (OR 4.80; 95%CI 1.91–12.1). Using multivariable logistic regression, compared to the Omicron variant, all other variants were significantly associated with PCC at 3 and 6 months. At least one dose of vaccine was associated with a reduced, but not statistically significant risk of developing PCC. Interpretation In our study, acute-phase hospitalisation, pre-existing comorbidity, being infected with pre-Omicron variants and older age were associated with a higher risk of developing PCC. Most children recovered over time, but one-in-twenty of those with PCC at three months reported persistent symptoms 18 months post-Sars-CoV-2 infection. Omicron infection was associated with shorter recovery times. We did not find a strong protective effect of vaccination on PCC development. Although our cohort cannot be translated to all Italian children with PCC as more nationwide studies are needed, our findings highlight the need of new strategies to prevent and treat pediatric PCC are needed. Funding This study has been funded by Pfizer non-competitive grant, granted to DB (# 65925795).
Published: 2023

25. The “FEEDS (FEeding Eating Deglutition Skills)” over Time Study in Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome

Author: Zampino, Roberta Onesimo, Elisabetta Sforza, Valentina Giorgio, Germana Viscogliosi, Eliza Maria Kuczynska, Gaia Margiotta, Lucrezia Perri, Domenico Limongelli, Francesco Proli, Cristina De Rose, Donato Rigante, Antonella Cerchiari, Marco Tartaglia, Chiara Leoni, and Giuseppe
Subjects: cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, dysphagia, genotype–phenotype correlation, personalised medicine, transition, RASopathies
Abstract: Feeding, eating and deglutition difficulties are key concerns in patients with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFCS). This study intends to quantify the development of feeding skills from birth to adulthood in patients with CFCS. Twenty-seven patients (eight males; mean age: 16.7 ± 8.3 years; median age: 15 years, age range: 1.5–38 years) with molecularly confirmed clinical diagnosis of CFCS were prospectively recruited from the Rare Disease Unit, Paediatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy, over a one-year period. Pathogenic variants along with key information regarding oro-motor features were collected. Sialorrhea was quantified using the Drooling Quotient 5. Feeding abilities were screened using the Italian version of the Montreal Children’s Hospital Feeding Scale (I-MCH-FS). The oral sensory processing section of the Sensory Profile completed the assessment. Mild-to-profuse drooling was experienced by 25% of patients, and food taste selectivity was a constant during infancy (65%), with persistence even beyond adolescence. Nineteen percent of participants with long-term enteral feeding dependency had BRAF, KRAS and MAP2K1 mutations. These findings document that mealtime challenges in CFCS do not remain restricted only to the paediatric age, and that supportive care until adulthood plays a key role.
Published: 2023
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26. Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Author: Kartsonaki, Christiana, Baillie, J Kenneth, Barrio, Noelia García, Baruch, Joaquín, Beane, Abigail, Blumberg, Lucille, Bozza, Fernando, Broadley, Tessa, Burrell, Aidan, Carson, Gail, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Dagens, Andrew, Dankwa, Emmanuelle A, Donnelly, Christl A, Dunning, Jake, Elotmani, Loubna, Escher, Martina, Farshait, Nataly, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Gonçalves, Bronner P, Hall, Matthew, Hashmi, Madiha, Sim Lim Heng, Benedict, Ho, Antonia, Jassat, Waasila, Pedrera Jiménez, Miguel, Laouenan, Cedric, Lissauer, Samantha, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Mentré, France, Merson, Laura, Morton, Ben, Munblit, Daniel, Nekliudov, Nikita A, Nichol, Alistair D, Singh Oinam, Budha Charan, Ong, David, Panda, Prasan Kumar, Petrovic, Michele, Pritchard, Mark G, Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Ramos, Grazielle Viana, Roger, Claire, Sandulescu, Oana, Semple, Malcolm G, Sharma, Pratima, Sigfrid, Louise, Somers, Emily C, Streinu-Cercel, Anca, Taccone, Fabio, Vecham, Pavan Kumar, Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath, Wei, Jia, Wils, Evert-Jan, Ci Wong, Xin, Horby, Peter, Rojek, Amanda, Olliaro, Piero L, ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group: Ali Abbas, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, Ryuzo Abe, Laurent Abel, Lara Absil, Subhash Acharya, Andrew Acker, Elisabeth Adam, Diana Adrião, Saleh Al Ageel, Shakeel Ahmed, Kate Ainscough, Eka Airlangga, Tharwat Aisa, Ali Ait Hssain, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Takako Akimoto, Ernita Akmal, Eman Al Qasim, Razi Alalqam, Angela Alberti, Tala Al-Dabbous, Senthilkumar Alegesan, Cynthia Alegre, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Huda Alfoudri, Imran Ali, Adam Ali, Naseem Ali Shah, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Jeffrey Aliudin, Qabas Alkhafajee, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, Aneela Altaf, João Alves, Rita Alves, João Melo Alves, Maria Amaral, Nur Amira, Phoebe Ampaw, Roberto Andini, Claire Andréjak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Séverine Ansart, Sivanesen Anthonidass, Massimo Antonelli, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Ardiyan Apriyana, Yaseen Arabi, Irene Aragao, Francisco Arancibia, Carolline Araujo, Antonio Arcadipane, Patrick Archambault, Lukas Arenz, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Christel Arnold-Day, Lovkesh Arora, Rakesh Arora, Elise Artaud-Macari, Diptesh Aryal, Angel Asensio, Muhammad Ashraf, Namra Asif, Mohammad Asim, Jean Baptiste Assie, Amirul Asyraf, Anika Atique, A M Udara Lakshan Attanyake, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaitre, Adrien Auvet, Laurène Azemar, Cecile Azoulay, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Nadia Baig, J Kevin Baird, Erica Bak, Agamemnon Bakakos, Nazreen Abu Bakar, Andriy Bal, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan, Valeria Balan, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Renata Barbalho, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa, Wendy S Barclay, Saef Umar Barnett, Michaela Barnikel, Helena Barrasa, Audrey Barrelet, Cleide Barrigoto, Marie Bartoli, Mustehan Bashir, Romain Basmaci, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri, Denise Battaglini, Jules Bauer, Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon, Denisse Bazan Dow, Alexandra Bedossa, Ker Hong Bee, Husna Begum, Sylvie Behilill, Albertus Beishuizen, Aleksandr Beljantsev, David Bellemare, Anna Beltrame, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, Marine Beluze, Nicolas Benech, Lionel Eric Benjiman, Dehbia Benkerrou, Suzanne Bennett, Luís Bento, Jan-Erik Berdal, Delphine Bergeaud, Hazel Bergin, José Luis Bernal Sobrino, Giulia Bertoli, Lorenzo Bertolino, Simon Bessis, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Amar Bhatt, Krishna Bhavsar, Claudia Bianco, Farah Nadiah Bidin, Moirangthem Bikram Singh, Felwa Bin Humaid, Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin, François Bissuel, Patrick Biston, Laurent Bitker, Jonathan Bitton, Pablo Blanco-Schweizer, Catherine Blier, Frank Bloos, Mathieu Blot, Filomena Boccia, Laetitia Bodenes, Alice Bogaarts, Debby Bogaert, Anne-Hélène Boivin, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, François Bompart, Aurelius Bonfasius, Diogo Borges, Raphaël Borie, Hans Martin Bosse, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Lila Bouadma, Olivier Bouchaud, Sabelline Bouchez, Dounia Bouhmani, Damien Bouhour, Kévin Bouiller, Laurence Bouillet, Camile Bouisse, Anne-Sophie Boureau, John Bourke, Maude Bouscambert, Aurore Bousquet, Jason Bouziotis, Bianca Boxma, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre, Maria Boylan, Axelle Braconnier, Cynthia Braga, Timo Brandenburger, Filipa Brás Monteiro, Luca Brazzi, Patrick Breen, Dorothy Breen, Kathy Brickell, Shaunagh Browne, Alex Browne, Nicolas Brozzi, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Nina Buchtele, Christian Buesaquillo, Polina Bugaeva, Marielle Buisson, Danilo Buonsenso, Erlina Burhan, Ingrid G Bustos, Denis Butnaru, André Cabie, Susana Cabral, Eder Caceres, Cyril Cadoz, Mia Callahan, Kate Calligy, Jose Andres Calvache, João Camões, Valentine Campana, Paul Campbell, Josie Campisi, Cecilia Canepa, Mireia Cantero, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Sheila Cárcel, Chiara Simona Cardellino, Sofia Cardoso, Filipe Cardoso, Filipa Cardoso, Nelson Cardoso, Simone Carelli, Nicolas Carlier, Thierry Carmoi, Gayle Carney, Inês Carqueja, Marie-Christine Carret, François Martin Carrier, Ida Carroll, Maire-Laure Casanova, Mariana Cascão, Siobhan Casey, José Casimiro, Bailey Cassandra, Silvia Castañeda, Nidyanara Castanheira, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre, Henry Castrillón, Ivo Castro, Ana Catarino, François-Xavier Catherine, Paolo Cattaneo, Roberta Cavalin, Giulio Giovanni Cavalli, Alexandros Cavayas, Adrian Ceccato, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Anissa Chair, Catherine Chakveatze, Adrienne Chan, Meera Chand, Christelle Chantalat Auger, Jean-Marc Chapplain, Julie Chas, Allegra Chatterjee, Mobin Chaudry, Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez, Anjellica Chen, Yih-Sharng Chen, Matthew Pellan Cheng, Antoine Cheret, Thibault Chiarabini, Julian Chica, Suresh Kumar Chidambaram, Leong Chin Tho, Catherine Chirouze, Davide Chiumello, Sung-Min Cho, Bernard Cholley, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Ting Soo Chow, Yock Ping Chow, Hiu Jian Chua, Jonathan Chua, Jose Pedro Cidade, José Miguel Cisneros Herreros, Anna Ciullo, Jennifer Clarke, Emma Clarke, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Sara Clohisey, Perren J Cobb, Cassidy Codan, Caitriona Cody, Alexandra Coelho, Megan Coles, Gwenhaël Colin, Michael Collins, Sebastiano Maria Colombo, Pamela Combs, Marie Connor, Anne Conrad, Sofía Contreras, Elaine Conway, Graham S Cooke, Mary Copland, Hugues Cordel, Amanda Corley, Sabine Cornelis, Alexander Daniel Cornet, Arianne Joy Corpuz, Andrea Cortegiani, Grégory Corvaisier, Emma Costigan, Camille Couffignal, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Roxane Courtois, Stéphanie Cousse, Rachel Cregan, Charles Crepy D'Orleans, Cosimo Cristella, Sabine Croonen, Gloria Crowl, Jonathan Crump, Claudina Cruz, Juan Luis Cruz Berm, Jaime Cruz Rojo, Marc Csete, Ailbhe Cullen, Matthew Cummings, Gerard Curley, Elodie Curlier, Colleen Curran, Paula Custodio, Ana da Silva Filipe, Charlene Da Silveira, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, Darren Dahly, Heidi Dalton, Jo Dalton, Seamus Daly, Nick Daneman, Corinne Daniel, Jorge Dantas, Frédérick D'Aragon, Menno de Jong, Gillian de Loughry, Diego de Mendoza, Etienne De Montmollin, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França, Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira, Rosanna De Rosa, Cristina De Rose, Thushan de Silva, Peter de Vries, Jillian Deacon, David Dean, Alexa Debard, Marie-Pierre Debray, Nathalie DeCastro, William Dechert, Lauren Deconninck, Romain Decours, Eve Defous, Isabelle Delacroix, Eric Delaveuve, Karen Delavigne, Nathalie M Delfos, Ionna Deligiannis, Andrea Dell'Amore, Christelle Delmas, Pierre Delobel, Corine Delsing, Elisa Demonchy, Emmanuelle Denis, Dominique Deplanque, Pieter Depuydt, Mehul Desai, Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallées, Santi Dewayanti, Pathik Dhanger, Alpha Diallo, Sylvain Diamantis, André Dias, Juan Jose Diaz, Priscila Diaz, Rodrigo Diaz, Kévin Didier, Jean-Luc Diehl, Wim Dieperink, Jérôme Dimet, Vincent Dinot, Fara Diop, Alphonsine Diouf, Yael Dishon, Félix Djossou, Annemarie B Docherty, Helen Doherty, Arjen M Dondorp, Andy Dong, Maria Donnelly, Sean Donohue, Yoann Donohue, Chloe Donohue, Peter Doran, Céline Dorival, Eric D'Ortenzio, James Joshua Douglas, Renee Douma, Nathalie Dournon, Triona Downer, Joanne Downey, Mark Downing, Tom Drake, Aoife Driscoll, Murray Dryden, Claudio Duarte Fonseca, Vincent Dubee, François Dubos, Alexandre Ducancelle, Toni Duculan, Susanne Dudman, Abhijit Duggal, Paul Dunand, Mathilde Duplaix, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Lucian Durham, Bertrand Dussol, Juliette Duthoit, Xavier Duval, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Sim Choon Ean, Marco Echeverria-Villalobos, Siobhan Egan, Carla Eira, Mohammed El Sanharawi, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Brigitte Elharrar, Jacobien Ellerbroek, Philippine Eloy, Tarek Elshazly, Iqbal Elyazar, Isabelle Enderle, Tomoyuki Endo, Chan Chee Eng, Ilka Engelmann, Vincent Enouf, Olivier Epaulard, Mariano Esperatti, Hélène Esperou, Marina Esposito-Farese, João Estevão, Manuel Etienne, Nadia Ettalhaoui, Anna Greti Everding, Mirjam Evers, Marc Fabre, Isabelle Fabre, Amna Faheem, Arabella Fahy, Cameron J Fairfield, Zul Fakar, Komal Fareed, Pedro Faria, Ahmed Farooq, Hanan Fateena, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Karine Faure, Raphaël Favory, Mohamed Fayed, Niamh Feely, Laura Feeney, Jorge Fernandes, Marília Andreia Fernandes, Susana Fernandes, François-Xavier Ferrand, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Joana Ferrão, Mário Ferraz, Sílvia Ferreira, Isabel Ferreira, Benigno Ferreira, Ricard Ferrer-Roca, Nicolas Ferriere, Céline Ficko, Claudia Figueiredo-Mello, William Finlayson, Juan Fiorda, Thomas Flament, Clara Flateau, Tom Fletcher, Letizia Lucia Florio, Deirdre Flynn, Claire Foley, Jean Foley, Victor Fomin, Tatiana Fonseca, Patricia Fontela, Simon Forsyth, Denise Foster, Giuseppe Foti, Erwan Fourn, Robert A Fowler, Marianne Fraher, Diego Franch-Llasat, John F Fraser, Christophe Fraser, Marcela Vieira Freire, Ana Freitas Ribeiro, Caren Friedrich, Ricardo Fritz, Stéphanie Fry, Nora Fuentes, Masahiro Fukuda, G Argin, Valérie Gaborieau, Rostane Gaci, Massimo Gagliardi, Jean-Charles Gagnard, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Sérgio Gaião, Linda Gail Skeie, Phil Gallagher, Carrol Gamble, Yasmin Gani, Arthur Garan, Rebekha Garcia, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Esteban Garcia-Gallo, Navya Garimella, Denis Garot, Valérie Garrait, Basanta Gauli, Nathalie Gault, Aisling Gavin, Anatoliy Gavrylov, Alexandre Gaymard, Johannes Gebauer, Eva Geraud, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes, Nuno Germano, Praveen Kumar Ghisulal, Jade Ghosn, Marco Giani, Jess Gibson, Tristan Gigante, Morgane Gilg, Elaine Gilroy, Guillermo Giordano, Michelle Girvan, Valérie Gissot, Daniel Glikman, Petr Glybochko, Eric Gnall, Geraldine Goco, François Goehringer, Siri Goepel, Jin Yi Goh, Jonathan Golob, Rui Gomes, Kyle Gomez, Joan Gómez-Junyent, Marie Gominet, Alicia Gonzalez, Patricia Gordon, Isabelle Gorenne, Laure Goubert, Cécile Goujard, Tiphaine Goulenok, Margarite Grable, Jeronimo Graf, Edward Wilson Grandin, Pascal Granier, Giacomo Grasselli, Christopher A Green, Courtney Greene, William Greenhalf, Segolène Greffe, Domenico Luca Grieco, Matthew Griffee, Fiona Griffiths, Ioana Grigoras, Albert Groenendijk, Anja Grosse Lordemann, Heidi Gruner, Yusing Gu, Jérémie Guedj, Martin Guego, Dewi Guellec, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Daniela Guerreiro, Romain Guery, Anne Guillaumot, Laurent Guilleminault, Maisa Guimarães de Castro, Thomas Guimard, Marieke Haalboom, Daniel Haber, Hannah Habraken, Ali Hachemi, Amy Hackmann, Nadir Hadri, Fakhir Haidri, Sheeba Hakak, Adam Hall, Sophie Halpin, Jawad Hameed, Ansley Hamer, Raph L Hamers, Rebecca Hamidfar, Terese Hammond, Lim Yuen Han, Rashan Haniffa, Kok Wei Hao, Hayley Hardwick, Ewen M Harrison, Janet Harrison, Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison, Alan Hartman, Mohd Shahnaz Hasan, Junaid Hashmi, Muhammad Hayat, Ailbhe Hayes, Leanne Hays, Jan Heerman, Lars Heggelund, Ross Hendry, Martina Hennessy, Aquiles Henriquez-Trujillo, Maxime Hentzien, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort, Andrew Hershey, Liv Hesstvedt, Astarini Hidayah, Eibhilin Higgins, Dawn Higgins, Rupert Higgins, Rita Hinchion, Samuel Hinton, Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Haider Hirkani, Hikombo Hitoto, Yi Bin Ho, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Wei Han Hoh, Oscar Hoiting, Rebecca Holt, Jan Cato Holter, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Koji Hoshino, Ikram Houas, Catherine L Hough, Stuart Houltham, Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Stella Huo, Abby Hurd, Iqbal Hussain, Samreen Ijaz, Hajnal-Gabriela Illes, Patrick Imbert, Mohammad Imran, Rana Imran Sikander, Aftab Imtiaz, Hugo Inácio, Carmen Infante Dominguez, Yun Sii Ing, Elias Iosifidis, Mariachiara Ippolito, Sarah Isgett, Tiago Isidoro, Nadiah Ismail, Margaux Isnard, Junji Itai, Daniel Ivulich, Danielle Jaafar, Salma Jaafoura, Julien Jabot, Clare Jackson, Nina Jamieson, Victoria Janes, Pierre Jaquet, Coline Jaud-Fischer, Stéphane Jaureguiberry, Jeffrey Javidfar, Denise Jaworsky, Florence Jego, Anilawati Mat Jelani, Synne Jenum, Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor, Ong Yiaw Joe, Ruth N Jorge García, Cédric Joseph, Mark Joseph, Swosti Joshi, Mercé Jourdain, Philippe Jouvet, Hanna Jung, Anna Jung, Dafsah Juzar, Ouifiya Kafif, Florentia Kaguelidou, Neerusha Kaisbain, Thavamany Kaleesvran, Sabina Kali, Alina Kalicinska, Smaragdi Kalomoiri, Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin, Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin, Nadiah Kamarudin, Paul Kambiya, Kavita Kamineni, Darshana Hewa Kandamby, Chris Kandel, Kong Yeow Kang, Darakhshan Kanwal, Pratap Karpayah, Todd Karsies, Daisuke Kasugai, Anant Kataria, Kevin Katz, Aasmine Kaur, Christy Kay, Hannah Keane, Seán Keating, Pulak Kedia, Claire Kelly, Yvelynne Kelly, Andrea Kelly, Niamh Kelly, Aoife Kelly, Sadie Kelly, Maeve Kelsey, Ryan Kennedy, Kalynn Kennon, Maeve Kernan, Younes Kerroumi, Sharma Keshav, Imrana Khalid, Osama Khalid, Antoine Khalil, Coralie Khan, Irfan Khan, Quratul Ain Khan, Sushil Khanal, Abid Khatak, Amin Khawaja, Krish Kherajani, Michelle E Kho, Saye Khoo, Ryan Khoo, Denisa Khoo, Nasir Khoso, Khor How Kiat, Yuri Kida, Peter Kiiza, Beathe Kiland Granerud, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Jae Burm Kim, Antoine Kimmoun, Detlef Kindgen-Milles, Alexander King, Nobuya Kitamura, Paul Klenerman, Rob Klont, Gry Kloumann Bekken, Stephen R Knight, Robin Kobbe, Chamira Kodippily, Malte Kohns Vasconcelos, Sabin Koirala, Mamoru Komatsu, Caroline Kosgei, Arsène Kpangon, Karolina Krawczyk, Vinothini Krishnan, Sudhir Krishnan, Oksana Kruglova, Deepali Kumar, Ganesh Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, Dinesh Kuriakose, Ethan Kurtzman, Demetrios Kutsogiannis, Galyna Kutsyna, Konstantinos Kyriakoulis, Marie Lachatre, Marie Lacoste, John G Laffey, Marie Lagrange, Fabrice Laine, Olivier Lairez, Sanjay Lakhey, Antonio Lalueza, Marc Lambert, François Lamontagne, Marie Langelot-Richard, Vincent Langlois, Eka Yudha Lantang, Marina Lanza, Cédric Laouénan, Samira Laribi, Delphine Lariviere, Stéphane Lasry, Sakshi Lath, Naveed Latif, Odile Launay, Didier Laureillard, Yoan Lavie-Badie, Andy Law, Teresa Lawrence, Cassie Lawrence, Minh Le, Clément Le Bihan, Cyril Le Bris, Georges Le Falher, Lucie Le Fevre, Quentin Le Hingrat, Marion Le Maréchal, Soizic Le Mestre, Gwenaël Le Moal, Vincent Le Moing, Hervé Le Nagard, Paul Le Turnier, Ema Leal, Marta Leal Santos, Todd C Lee, James Lee, Jennifer Lee, Heng Gee Lee, Biing Horng Lee, Yi Lin Lee, Su Hwan Lee, Gary Leeming, Laurent Lefebvre, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Benjamin Lefevre, Sylvie LeGac, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, François Lellouche, Adrien Lemaignen, Véronique Lemee, Anthony Lemeur, Gretchen Lemmink, Ha Sha Lene, Jenny Lennon, Rafael León, Marc Leone, Michela Leone, Quentin Lepiller, François-Xavier Lescure, Olivier Lesens, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Amy Lester-Grant, Bruno Levy, Yves Levy, Claire Levy-Marchal, Katarzyna Lewandowska, Erwan L'Her, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Janet Liang, Ali Liaquat, Geoffrey Liegeon, Wei Shen Lim, Kah Chuan Lim, Chantre Lima, Lim Lina, Bruno Lina, Andreas Lind, Maja Katherine Lingad, Guillaume Lingas, Sylvie Lion-Daolio, Keibun Liu, Marine Livrozet, Patricia Lizotte, Antonio Loforte, Navy Lolong, Leong Chee Loon, Diogo Lopes, Dalia Lopez-Colon, Jose W Lopez-Revilla, Anthony L Loschner, Paul Loubet, Bouchra Loufti, Guillame Louis, Silvia Lourenco, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Lee Lee Low, Marije Lowik, Jia Shyi Loy, Jean Christophe Lucet, Carlos Lumbreras Bermejo, Carlos M Luna, Olguta Lungu, Liem Luong, Nestor Luque, Dominique Luton, Nilar Lwin, Ruth Lyons, Olavi Maasikas, Oryane Mabiala, Moïse Machado, Gabriel Macheda, Hashmi Madiha, Guillermo Maestro de la Calle, Rafael Mahieu, Sophie Mahy, Ana Raquel Maia, Lars S Maier, Mylène Maillet, Thomas Maitre, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Nadia Malik, Paddy Mallon, Fernando Maltez, Denis Malvy, Victoria Manda, Laurent Mandelbrot, Frank Manetta, Julie Mankikian, Edmund Manning, Aldric Manuel, Ceila Maria Sant Ana Malaque, Flávio Marino, Daniel Marino, Samuel Markowicz, Charbel Maroun Eid, Ana Marques, Catherine Marquis, Brian Marsh, Laura Marsh, Megan Marshal, John Marshall, Celina Turchi Martelli, Dori-Ann Martin, Emily Martin, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Martin Martinot, Alejandro Martin-Quiros, João Martins, Ana Martins, Nuno Martins, Caroline Martins Rego, Gennaro Martucci, Olga Martynenko, Eva Miranda Marwali, Marsilla Marzukie, David Maslove, Sabina Mason, Sobia Masood, Basri Mat Nor, Moshe Matan, Meghena Mathew, Daniel Mathieu, Mathieu Mattei, Romans Matulevics, Laurence Maulin, Michael Maxwell, Javier Maynar, Thierry Mazzoni, Natalie Mc Evoy, Lisa Mc Sweeney, Colin McArthur, Anne McCarthy, Aine McCarthy, Colin McCloskey, Rachael McConnochie, Sherry McDermott, Sarah E McDonald, Aine McElroy, Samuel McElwee, Victoria McEneany, Allison McGeer, Chris McKay, Johnny McKeown, Kenneth A McLean, Paul McNally, Bairbre McNicholas, Elaine McPartlan, Edel Meaney, Cécile Mear-Passard, Maggie Mechlin, Maqsood Meher, Omar Mehkri, Ferruccio Mele, Luis Melo, Kashif Memon, Joao Joao Mendes, Ogechukwu Menkiti, Kusum Menon, Alexander J Mentzer, Emmanuelle Mercier, Noémie Mercier, Antoine Merckx, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Blake Mergler, António Mesquita, Roberta Meta, Osama Metwally, Agnès Meybeck, Dan Meyer, Alison M Meynert, Vanina Meysonnier, Amina Meziane, Mehdi Mezidi, Céline Michelanglei, Isabelle Michelet, Efstathia Mihelis, Vladislav Mihnovit, Hugo Miranda-Maldonado, Nor Arisah Misnan, Tahira Jamal Mohamed, Nik Nur Eliza Mohamed, Asma Moin, David Molina, Elena Molinos, Brenda Molloy, Mary Mone, Agostinho Monteiro, Claudia Montes, Giorgia Montrucchio, Shona C Moore, Sarah Moore, Lina Morales Cely, Lucia Moro, Catherine Motherway, Ana Motos, Hugo Mouquet, Clara Mouton Perrot, Julien Moyet, Caroline Mudara, Aisha Kalsoom Mufti, Ng Yong Muh, Dzawani Muhamad, Jimmy Mullaert, Fredrik Müller, Karl Erik Müller, Syed Muneeb, Nadeem Munir, Laveena Munshi, Aisling Murphy, Lorna Murphy, Marlène Murris, Srinivas Murthy, Himed Musaab, Himasha Muvindi, Gugapriyaa Muyandy, Dimitra Melia Myrodia, Farah Nadia Mohd-Hanafiah, Dave Nagpal, Alex Nagrebetsky, Mangala Narasimhan, Nageswaran Narayanan, Rashid Nasim Khan, Alasdair Nazerali-Maitland, Nadège Neant, Holger Neb, Erni Nelwan, Raul Neto, Emily Neumann, Pauline Yeung Ng, Wing Yiu Ng, Anthony Nghi, Duc Nguyen, Orna Ni Choileain, Niamh Ni Leathlobhair, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Stephanie Nonas, Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin, Marion Noret, Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam, Lisa Norman, Alessandra Notari, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Karolina Nowicka, Adam Nowinski, Saad Nseir, Jose I Nunez, Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih, Dwi Utomo Nusantara, Elsa Nyamankolly, Fionnuala O Brien, Annmarie O Callaghan, Annmarie O'Callaghan, Giovanna Occhipinti, Derbrenn OConnor, Max O'Donnell, Tawnya Ogston, Takayuki Ogura, Tak-Hyuk Oh, Sophie O'Halloran, Katie O'Hearn, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Agnieszka Oldakowska, João Oliveira, Larissa Oliveira, Jee Yan Ong, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Anne Opavsky, Peter Openshaw, Saijad Orakzai, Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro, Jamel Ortoleva, Javier Osatnik, Linda O'Shea, Miriam O'Sullivan, Siti Zubaidah Othman, Nadia Ouamara, Rachida Ouissa, Eric Oziol, Maïder Pagadoy, Justine Pages, Mario Palacios, Amanda Palacios, Massimo Palmarini, Giovanna Panarello, Hem Paneru, Lai Hui Pang, Mauro Panigada, Nathalie Pansu, Aurélie Papadopoulos, Rachael Parke, Melissa Parker, Briseida Parra, Taha Pasha, Jérémie Pasquier, Bruno Pastene, Fabian Patauner, Drashti Patel, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Luís Patrão, Patricia Patricio, Juliette Patrier, Lisa Patterson, Rajyabardhan Pattnaik, Mical Paul, Christelle Paul, Jorge Paulos, William A Paxton, Jean-François Payen, Kalaiarasu Peariasamy, Giles J Peek, Florent Peelman, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Vincent Peigne, Mare Pejkovska, Paolo Pelosi, Ithan D Peltan, Rui Pereira, Daniel Perez, Luis Periel, Thomas Perpoint, Antonio Pesenti, Vincent Pestre, Lenka Petrou, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Frank Olav Pettersen, Gilles Peytavin, Scott Pharand, Michael Piagnerelli, Walter Picard, Olivier Picone, Maria de Piero, Carola Pierobon, Djura Piersma, Carlos Pimentel, Raquel Pinto, Catarina Pires, Isabelle Pironneau, Lionel Piroth, Ayodhia Pitaloka, Riinu Pius, Laurent Plantier, Hon Shen Png, Julien Poissy, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Maria Pokorska-Spiewak, Sergio Poli, Georgios Pollakis, Diane Ponscarme, Jolanta Popielska, Diego Bastos Porto, Andra-Maris Post, Douwe F Postma, Pedro Povoa, Diana Póvoas, Jeff Powis, Sofia Prapa, Sébastien Preau, Christian Prebensen, Jean-Charles Preiser, Anton Prinssen, Gamage Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani, Lucia Proença, Sravya Pudota, Oriane Puéchal, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Mathew Pulicken, Gregory Purcell, Luisa Quesada, Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona, Víctor Quirós González, Else Quist-Paulsen, Mohammed Quraishi, Maia Rabaa, Christian Rabaud, Ebenezer Rabindrarajan, Aldo Rafael, Marie Rafiq, Gabrielle Ragazzo, Mutia Rahardjani, Rozanah Abd Rahman, Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman, Arsalan Rahutullah, Fernando Rainieri, Giri Shan Rajahram, Pratheema Ramachandran, Ahmad Afiq Ramli, Blandine Rammaert, Asim Rana, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Ritika Ranjan, Christophe Rapp, Aasiyah Rashan, Thalha Rashan, Ghulam Rasheed, Menaldi Rasmin, Indrek Rätsep, Cornelius Rau, Tharmini Ravi, Ali Raza, Andre Real, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Brenda Reeve, Attaur Rehman, Liadain Reid, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Renato Reis, Jordi Rello, Jonathan Remppis, Martine Remy, Hongru Ren, Hanna Renk, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Oleksa Rewa, Luis Felipe Reyes, Tiago Reyes, Maria Ines Ribeiro, Antonia Ricchiuto, David Richardson, Denise Richardson, Laurent Richier, Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan, Jordi Riera, Ana L Rios, Asgar Rishu, Patrick Rispal, Karine Risso, Maria Angelica Rivera Nuñez, Nicholas Rizer, Chiara Robba, André Roberto, Stephanie Roberts, David L Robertson, Olivier Robineau, Ferran Roche-Campo, Paola Rodari, Simão Rodeia, Bernhard Roessler, Pierre-Marie Roger, Emmanuel Roilides, Juliette Romaru, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque, Mélanie Roriz, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Michael Rose, Dorothea Rosenberger, Nurul Hidayah Mohammad Roslan, Andrea Rossanese, Matteo Rossetti, Bénédicte Rossignol, Patrick Rossignol, Stella Rousset, Carine Roy, Benoît Roze, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Clark D Russell, Maria Ryan, Maeve Ryan, Steffi Ryckaert, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Isabela Saba, Sairah Sadaf, Musharaf Sadat, Valla Sahraei, Maximilien Saint-Gilles, Pranya Sakiyalak, Nawal Salahuddin, Leonardo Salazar, Jodat Saleem, Gabriele Sales, Stéphane Sallaberry, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Hélène Salvator, Olivier Sanchez, Angel Sanchez-Miralles, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Gyan Sandhu, Zulfiqar Sandhu, Pierre-François Sandrine, Marlene Santos, Shirley Sarfo-Mensah, Bruno Sarmento Banheiro, Iam Claire E Sarmiento, Benjamine Sarton, Ankana Satya, Sree Satyapriya, Rumaisah Satyawati, Egle Saviciute, Parthena Savvidou, Yen Tsen Saw, Justin Schaffer, Tjard Schermer, Arnaud Scherpereel, Marion Schneider, Stephan Schroll, Michael Schwameis, Gary Schwartz, Brendan Scicluna, Janet T Scott, James Scott-Brown, Nicholas Sedillot, Tamara Seitz, Jaganathan Selvanayagam, Mageswari Selvarajoo, Caroline Semaille, Rasidah Bt Senian, Eric Senneville, Claudia Sepulveda, Filipa Sequeira, Tânia Sequeira, Ary Serpa Neto, Pablo Serrano Balazote, Ellen Shadowitz, Syamin Asyraf Shahidan, Mohammad Shamsah, Anuraj Shankar, Shaikh Sharjeel, Catherine A Shaw, Victoria Shaw, Ashraf Sheharyar, Rohan Shetty, Rajesh Mohan Shetty, Haixia Shi, Nisreen Shiban, Mohiuddin Shiekh, Nobuaki Shime, Hiroaki Shimizu, Keiki Shimizu, Sally Shrapnel, Pramesh Sundar Shrestha, Shubha Kalyan Shrestha, Hoi Ping Shum, Nassima Si Mohammed, Ng Yong Siang, Jeanne Sibiude, Atif Siddiqui, Piret Sillaots, Catarina Silva, Rogério Silva, Maria Joao Silva, Wai Ching Sin, Dario Sinatti, Punam Singh, Budha Charan Singh, Pompini Agustina Sitompul, Karisha Sivam, Vegard Skogen, Sue Smith, Benjamin Smood, Coilin Smyth, Michelle Smyth, Morgane Snacken, Dominic So, Tze Vee Soh, Joshua Solomon, Tom Solomon, Agnès Sommet, Rima Song, Tae Song, Jack Song Chia, Michael Sonntagbauer, Azlan Mat Soom, Alberto Sotto, Edouard Soum, Marta Sousa, Ana Chora Sousa, Maria Sousa Uva, Vicente Souza-Dantas, Alexandra Sperry, Elisabetta Spinuzza, B P Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Trude Steinsvik, Ymkje Stienstra, Birgitte Stiksrud, Eva Stolz, Amy Stone, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, David Stuart, Ami Stuart, Decy Subekti, Gabriel Suen, Jacky Y Suen, Asfia Sultana, Charlotte Summers, Dubravka Supic, Deepashankari Suppiah, Magdalena Surovcová, Suwarti Suwarti, Andrey Svistunov, Sarah Syahrin, Konstantinos Syrigos, Jaques Sztajnbok, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Shirin Tabrizi, Lysa Tagherset, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, Ewa Talarek, Sara Taleb, Jelmer Talsma, Renaud Tamisier, Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, Kim Keat Tan, Yan Chyi Tan, Taku Tanaka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hayato Taniguchi, Huda Taqdees, Arshad Taqi, Coralie Tardivon, Pierre Tattevin, M Azhari Taufik, Hassan Tawfik, Richard S Tedder, Tze Yuan Tee, João Teixeira, Sofia Tejada, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sze Kye Teoh, Vanessa Teotonio, François Téoulé, Pleun Terpstra, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Hubert Tessier-Grenier, Adrian Tey, Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, Anand Thakur, Zhang Duan Tham, Suvintheran Thangavelu, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Jananee Thirumanickam, Shaun Thompson, Emma C Thomson, David Thomson, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, Ryan S Thwaites, Paul Tierney, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter S Timashev, Jean-François Timsit, Noémie Tissot, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, Maria Toki, Kristian Tonby, Sia Loong Tonnii, Margarida Torres, Antoni Torres, Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo, Hernando Torres-Zevallos, Michael Towers, Tony Trapani, Théo Treoux, Cécile Tromeur, Ioannis Trontzas, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Helen Tuite, Jean-Marie Turmel, Lance C W Turtle, Anders Tveita, Pawel Twardowski, Makoto Uchiyama, P G Ishara Udayanga, Andrew Udy, Roman Ullrich, Alberto Uribe, Asad Usman, Timothy M Uyeki, Cristinava Vajdovics, Piero Valentini, Luís Val-Flores, Amélie Valran, Stijn Van de Velde, Marcel van den Berge, Machteld Van der Feltz, Job van der Palen, Paul van der Valk, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Peter Van der Voort, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Laura van Gulik, Jarne Van Hattem, Carolien van Netten, Frank van Someren Greve, Ilonka van Veen, Hugo Van Willigen, Noémie Vanel, Henk Vanoverschelde, Pooja Varghese, Michael Varrone, Shoban Raj Vasudayan, Charline Vauchy, Shaminee Veeran, Aurélie Veislinger, Sebastian Vencken, Sara Ventura, Annelies Verbon, James Vickers, José Ernesto Vidal, César Vieira, Deepak Vijayan, Joy Ann Villanueva, Judit Villar, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, Andrea Villoldo, Gayatri Vishwanathan, Benoit Visseaux, Hannah Visser, Chiara Vitiello, Harald Vonkeman, Fanny Vuotto, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Noor Hidayu Wahab, Nadirah Abdul Wahid, Marina Wainstein, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri, Chih-Hsien Wang, Steve Webb, Katharina Weil, Tan Pei Wen, Sanne Wesselius, T Eoin West, Murray Wham, Bryan Whelan, Nicole White, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Surya Otto Wijaya, Keith Wille, Suzette Willems, Virginie Williams, Calvin Wong, Yew Sing Wong, Teck Fung Wong, Natalie Wright, Gan Ee Xian, Lim Saio Xian, Kuan Pei Xuan, Ioannis Xynogalas, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, Masaki Yamazaki, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Cécile Yelnik, Chian Hui Yeoh, Stephanie Yerkovich, Toshiki Yokoyama, Hodane Yonis, Obada Yousif, Saptadi Yuliarto, Akram Zaaqoq, Marion Zabbe, Kai Zacharowski, Masliza Zahid, Maram Zahran, Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan, Maria Zambon, Miguel Zambrano, Alberto Zanella, Konrad Zawadka, Nurul Zaynah, Hiba Zayyad, Alexander Zoufaly, David Zucman, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Baillie, J Kenneth, Barrio, Noelia García, Baruch, Joaquín, Beane, Abigail, Blumberg, Lucille, Bozza, Fernando, Broadley, Tessa, Burrell, Aidan, Carson, Gail, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Dagens, Andrew, Dankwa, Emmanuelle A, Donnelly, Christl A, Dunning, Jake, Elotmani, Loubna, Escher, Martina, Farshait, Nataly, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Gonçalves, Bronner P, Hall, Matthew, Hashmi, Madiha, Sim Lim Heng, Benedict, Ho, Antonia, Jassat, Waasila, Pedrera Jiménez, Miguel, Laouenan, Cedric, Lissauer, Samantha, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Mentré, France, Merson, Laura, Morton, Ben, Munblit, Daniel, Nekliudov, Nikita A, Nichol, Alistair D, Singh Oinam, Budha Charan, Ong, David, Panda, Prasan Kumar, Petrovic, Michele, Pritchard, Mark G, Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Ramos, Grazielle Viana, Roger, Claire, Sandulescu, Oana, Semple, Malcolm G, Sharma, Pratima, Sigfrid, Louise, Somers, Emily C, Streinu-Cercel, Anca, Taccone, Fabio, Vecham, Pavan Kumar, Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath, Wei, Jia, Wils, Evert-Jan, Ci Wong, Xin, Horby, Peter, Rojek, Amanda, Olliaro, Piero L, ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group: Ali Abbas, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, Ryuzo Abe, Laurent Abel, Lara Absil, Subhash Acharya, Andrew Acker, Elisabeth Adam, Diana Adrião, Saleh Al Ageel, Shakeel Ahmed, Kate Ainscough, Eka Airlangga, Tharwat Aisa, Ali Ait Hssain, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Takako Akimoto, Ernita Akmal, Eman Al Qasim, Razi Alalqam, Angela Alberti, Tala Al-Dabbous, Senthilkumar Alegesan, Cynthia Alegre, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Huda Alfoudri, Imran Ali, Adam Ali, Naseem Ali Shah, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Jeffrey Aliudin, Qabas Alkhafajee, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, Aneela Altaf, João Alves, Rita Alves, João Melo Alves, Maria Amaral, Nur Amira, Phoebe Ampaw, Roberto Andini, Claire Andréjak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Séverine Ansart, Sivanesen Anthonidass, Massimo Antonelli, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Ardiyan Apriyana, Yaseen Arabi, Irene Aragao, Francisco Arancibia, Carolline Araujo, Antonio Arcadipane, Patrick Archambault, Lukas Arenz, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Christel Arnold-Day, Lovkesh Arora, Rakesh Arora, Elise Artaud-Macari, Diptesh Aryal, Angel Asensio, Muhammad Ashraf, Namra Asif, Mohammad Asim, Jean Baptiste Assie, Amirul Asyraf, Anika Atique, A M Udara Lakshan Attanyake, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaitre, Adrien Auvet, Laurène Azemar, Cecile Azoulay, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Nadia Baig, J Kevin Baird, Erica Bak, Agamemnon Bakakos, Nazreen Abu Bakar, Andriy Bal, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan, Valeria Balan, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Renata Barbalho, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa, Wendy S Barclay, Saef Umar Barnett, Michaela Barnikel, Helena Barrasa, Audrey Barrelet, Cleide Barrigoto, Marie Bartoli, Mustehan Bashir, Romain Basmaci, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri, Denise Battaglini, Jules Bauer, Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon, Denisse Bazan Dow, Alexandra Bedossa, Ker Hong Bee, Husna Begum, Sylvie Behilill, Albertus Beishuizen, Aleksandr Beljantsev, David Bellemare, Anna Beltrame, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, Marine Beluze, Nicolas Benech, Lionel Eric Benjiman, Dehbia Benkerrou, Suzanne Bennett, Luís Bento, Jan-Erik Berdal, Delphine Bergeaud, Hazel Bergin, José Luis Bernal Sobrino, Giulia Bertoli, Lorenzo Bertolino, Simon Bessis, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Amar Bhatt, Krishna Bhavsar, Claudia Bianco, Farah Nadiah Bidin, Moirangthem Bikram Singh, Felwa Bin Humaid, Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin, François Bissuel, Patrick Biston, Laurent Bitker, 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Emmanuel Roilides, Juliette Romaru, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque, Mélanie Roriz, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Michael Rose, Dorothea Rosenberger, Nurul Hidayah Mohammad Roslan, Andrea Rossanese, Matteo Rossetti, Bénédicte Rossignol, Patrick Rossignol, Stella Rousset, Carine Roy, Benoît Roze, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Clark D Russell, Maria Ryan, Maeve Ryan, Steffi Ryckaert, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Isabela Saba, Sairah Sadaf, Musharaf Sadat, Valla Sahraei, Maximilien Saint-Gilles, Pranya Sakiyalak, Nawal Salahuddin, Leonardo Salazar, Jodat Saleem, Gabriele Sales, Stéphane Sallaberry, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Hélène Salvator, Olivier Sanchez, Angel Sanchez-Miralles, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Gyan Sandhu, Zulfiqar Sandhu, Pierre-François Sandrine, Marlene Santos, Shirley Sarfo-Mensah, Bruno Sarmento Banheiro, Iam Claire E Sarmiento, Benjamine Sarton, Ankana Satya, Sree Satyapriya, Rumaisah Satyawati, Egle Saviciute, Parthena Savvidou, Yen Tsen Saw, Justin Schaffer, Tjard Schermer, Arnaud Scherpereel, Marion Schneider, Stephan Schroll, Michael Schwameis, Gary Schwartz, Brendan Scicluna, Janet T Scott, James Scott-Brown, Nicholas Sedillot, Tamara Seitz, Jaganathan Selvanayagam, Mageswari Selvarajoo, Caroline Semaille, Rasidah Bt Senian, Eric Senneville, Claudia Sepulveda, Filipa Sequeira, Tânia Sequeira, Ary Serpa Neto, Pablo Serrano Balazote, Ellen Shadowitz, Syamin Asyraf Shahidan, Mohammad Shamsah, Anuraj Shankar, Shaikh Sharjeel, Catherine A Shaw, Victoria Shaw, Ashraf Sheharyar, Rohan Shetty, Rajesh Mohan Shetty, Haixia Shi, Nisreen Shiban, Mohiuddin Shiekh, Nobuaki Shime, Hiroaki Shimizu, Keiki Shimizu, Sally Shrapnel, Pramesh Sundar Shrestha, Shubha Kalyan Shrestha, Hoi Ping Shum, Nassima Si Mohammed, Ng Yong Siang, Jeanne Sibiude, Atif Siddiqui, Piret Sillaots, Catarina Silva, Rogério Silva, Maria Joao Silva, Wai Ching Sin, Dario Sinatti, Punam Singh, Budha Charan Singh, Pompini Agustina Sitompul, Karisha Sivam, Vegard Skogen, Sue Smith, Benjamin Smood, Coilin Smyth, Michelle Smyth, Michelle Smyth, Morgane Snacken, Dominic So, Tze Vee Soh, Joshua Solomon, Tom Solomon, Agnès Sommet, Rima Song, Tae Song, Jack Song Chia, Michael Sonntagbauer, Azlan Mat Soom, Alberto Sotto, Edouard Soum, Marta Sousa, Ana Chora Sousa, Maria Sousa Uva, Vicente Souza-Dantas, Alexandra Sperry, Elisabetta Spinuzza, B P Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Trude Steinsvik, Ymkje Stienstra, Birgitte Stiksrud, Eva Stolz, Amy Stone, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, David Stuart, Ami Stuart, Decy Subekti, Gabriel Suen, Jacky Y Suen, Asfia Sultana, Charlotte Summers, Dubravka Supic, Deepashankari Suppiah, Magdalena Surovcová, Suwarti Suwarti, Andrey Svistunov, Sarah Syahrin, Konstantinos Syrigos, Jaques Sztajnbok, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Shirin Tabrizi, Lysa Tagherset, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, Ewa Talarek, Sara Taleb, Jelmer Talsma, Renaud Tamisier, Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, Kim Keat Tan, Yan Chyi Tan, Taku Tanaka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hayato Taniguchi, Huda Taqdees, Arshad Taqi, Coralie Tardivon, Pierre Tattevin, M Azhari Taufik, Hassan Tawfik, Richard S Tedder, Tze Yuan Tee, João Teixeira, Sofia Tejada, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sze Kye Teoh, Vanessa Teotonio, François Téoulé, Pleun Terpstra, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Hubert Tessier-Grenier, Adrian Tey, Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, Anand Thakur, Zhang Duan Tham, Suvintheran Thangavelu, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Jananee Thirumanickam, Shaun Thompson, Emma C Thomson, David Thomson, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, Ryan S Thwaites, Paul Tierney, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter S Timashev, Jean-François Timsit, Noémie Tissot, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, Maria Toki, Kristian Tonby, Sia Loong Tonnii, Margarida Torres, Antoni Torres, Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo, Hernando Torres-Zevallos, Michael Towers, Tony Trapani, Théo Treoux, Cécile Tromeur, Ioannis Trontzas, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Helen Tuite, Jean-Marie Turmel, Lance C W Turtle, Anders Tveita, Pawel Twardowski, Makoto Uchiyama, P G Ishara Udayanga, Andrew Udy, Roman Ullrich, Alberto Uribe, Asad Usman, Timothy M Uyeki, Cristinava Vajdovics, Piero Valentini, Luís Val-Flores, Amélie Valran, Stijn Van de Velde, Marcel van den Berge, Machteld Van der Feltz, Job van der Palen, Paul van der Valk, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Peter Van der Voort, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Laura van Gulik, Jarne Van Hattem, Carolien van Netten, Frank van Someren Greve, Ilonka van Veen, Hugo Van Willigen, Noémie Vanel, Henk Vanoverschelde, Pooja Varghese, Michael Varrone, Shoban Raj Vasudayan, Charline Vauchy, Shaminee Veeran, Aurélie Veislinger, Sebastian Vencken, Sara Ventura, Annelies Verbon, James Vickers, José Ernesto Vidal, César Vieira, Deepak Vijayan, Joy Ann Villanueva, Judit Villar, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, Andrea Villoldo, Gayatri Vishwanathan, Benoit Visseaux, Hannah Visser, Chiara Vitiello, Harald Vonkeman, Fanny Vuotto, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Noor Hidayu Wahab, Nadirah Abdul Wahid, Marina Wainstein, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri, Chih-Hsien Wang, Steve Webb, Katharina Weil, Tan Pei Wen, Sanne Wesselius, T Eoin West, Murray Wham, Bryan Whelan, Nicole White, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Surya Otto Wijaya, Keith Wille, Suzette Willems, Virginie Williams, Calvin Wong, Yew Sing Wong, Teck Fung Wong, Natalie Wright, Gan Ee Xian, Lim Saio Xian, Kuan Pei Xuan, Ioannis Xynogalas, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, Masaki Yamazaki, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Cécile Yelnik, Chian Hui Yeoh, Stephanie Yerkovich, Toshiki Yokoyama, Hodane Yonis, Obada Yousif, Saptadi Yuliarto, Akram Zaaqoq, Marion Zabbe, Kai Zacharowski, Masliza Zahid, Maram Zahran, Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan, Maria Zambon, Miguel Zambrano, Alberto Zanella, Konrad Zawadka, Nurul Zaynah, Hiba Zayyad, Alexander Zoufaly, David Zucman, University of Oxford, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), This work was made possible by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Wellcome (215091/Z/18/Z, 205228/Z/16/Z, 220757/Z/20/Z), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1209135), UK Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship (MR/V001671/1), the philanthropic support of the donors to the University of Oxford’s COVID-19 Research Response Fund, CIHR Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding Opportunity (OV2170359) and the co-ordination in Canada by Sunnybrook Research Institute, endorsement of the Irish Critical Care—Clinical Trials Group, co-ordination in Ireland by the Irish Critical Care—Clinical Trials Network at University College Dublin and funding by the Health Research Board of Ireland (CTN-2014–12), the Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research (RECOVER) (H2020 project 101003589) and European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (ECRAID) (965313), the COVID clinical management team, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India, the COVID-19 Clinical Management team, Manipal Hospital Whitefield, Bengaluru, India, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, the dedication and hard work of the Groote Schuur Hospital Covid ICU Team, support by the Groote Schuur nursing and University of Cape Town registrar bodies co-ordinated by the Division of Critical Care at the University of Cape Town, the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford, the dedication and hard work of the Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 study team, the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 312780) and a philanthropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S owned by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner, Imperial NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, the Comprehensive Local Research Networks of which PJMO is an NIHR Senior Investigator (NIHR201385), Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No. 115523 COMBACTE, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007– 2013) and EFPIA companies, in-kind contribution, the French COVID cohort (NCT04262921) is sponsored by INSERM and is funded by the REACTing (REsearch & ACtion emergING infectious diseases) consortium and by a grant of the French Ministry of Health (PHRC n 20–0424), Stiftungsfonds zur Förderung der Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose und anderer Lungenkrankheiten of the City of Vienna (project no. APCOV22BGM), Italian Ministry of Health ‘Fondi Ricerca corrente–L1P6’ to IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore–Don Calabria, Australian Department of Health grant (3273191), Gender Equity Strategic Fund at University of Queensland, Artificial Intelligence for Pandemics (A14PAN) at University of Queensland, the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQUS, CE170100009), the Prince Charles Hospital Foundation, Australia, grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Spain, Brazil, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (scholarship no. 303953/2018–7), the Firland Foundation, Shoreline, Washington, USA, a grant from foundation Bevordering Onderzoek Franciscus, the South Eastern Norway Health Authority and the Research Council of Norway, and preparedness work conducted by the Short PeRiod IncideNce sTudy of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection. Data and Material provision was supported by grants from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR, award CO-CIN-01), the Medical Research Council (MRC, and grant MC_PC_19059) and by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with PHE (award no. 200907), NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (award no. 200927), Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (grant no. C18616/A25153), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London (award no. IS-BRC-1215–20013) and NIHR Clinical Research Network providing infrastructure support.
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, MESH: Hospitalization, MESH: Proportional Hazards Models, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Child, cohort study, MESH: COVID-19, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Child, Proportional Hazards Models, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, risk of death, General Medicine, Middle Aged, co-morbidities, symptoms, treatments, MESH: Male, Hospitalization, Intensive Care Units, MESH: Intensive Care Units, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, COVID-19/therapy
Abstract: Background We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death.
Published: 2023

27. Lung perfusion assessment in children with long‐COVID: A pilot study

Author: Daniele Antonio Pizzuto, Danilo Buonsenso, Rosa Morello, Cristina De Rose, Piero Valentini, A. Fragano, Fabiana Baldi, and Daniela Di Giuda
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Published: 2023

28. A combined rapid clinical and lung ultrasound score for predicting bronchiolitis severity

Author: Anna Camporesi, Rosa Morello, Amedeo Guzzardella, Ugo Maria Pierucci, Francesca Izzo, Cristina De Rose, and Danilo Buonsenso
Abstract: Introduction Lung Ultrasound (LUS) has demonstrated good correlation with clinical severity scores in bronchiolitis but should be combined with clinical data to achieve best results. Aim of the study is to create a quick and reliable clinical-ultrasound score to predict the risk of Pediatric Intensive Care (Picu) admission as soon as the patient enters the Emergency Department (ED). Methods Retrospective study conducted at two pediatric EDs. Lung was divided into six zones and scanned with ultrasound; every zone received a score. Clinical data were obtained. For the outcomes “Picu admission”and “Cpap ventilation”, a multivariate analysis was conducted and the significant factors resulting were used to create a 3- items score to predict Picu admission. Area under the Receiver-Operating Curve (AUC) for specificity and sensibility of the score was obtained. Results 74 patients were enrolled; 34% were admitted to PICU. 31% were treated with CPAP. For the outcome “PICU admission”, multivariate analysis demonstrated presence of wheezing and reduced oral intake to be significant together with ultrasound involvement of the Right Posterior Upper Zone and Left Posterior Basal Zone. For the outcome “CPAP ventilation”, same clinical factors plus involvement of Right Posterior Upper Zone were significant. A 3-items score (1: presence of wheezing; 2: reduced oral intake; 3: LUS involvement of Right Posterior Upper Zone) for prediction of PICU admission was created which presents an AUC of 0.8249. Conclusions We were able to create a simple and quick score to predict need for PICU admission in bronchiolitis.
Published: 2023

29. What to expect of feeding abilities and nutritional aspects in achondroplasia patients: a narrative review

Author: Elisabetta Sforza, Gaia Margiotta, Valentina Giorgio, Domenico Limongelli, Francesco Proli, Eliza Maria Kuczynska, Chiara Leoni, Cristina De Rose, Valentina Trevisan, Domenico Marco Romeo, Rosalinda Calandrelli, Eugenio De Corso, Luca Massimi, Osvaldo Palmacci, Donato Rigante, Giuseppe Zampino, and Roberta Onesimo
Subjects: Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, Genetics, Genetics (clinical), Achondroplasia
Abstract: Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant genetic disease representing the most common form of human skeletal dysplasia: almost all individuals with achondroplasia have identifiable mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 3 (FGFR3) gene. The cardinal features of this condition and its inheritance have been well-established, but the occurrence of feeding and nutritional complications has received little prominence. In infancy, the presence of floppiness and neurological injury due to foramen magnum stenosis may impair the feeding function of a newborn with achondroplasia. Along with growth, the optimal development of feeding skills may be affected by variable interactions between midface hypoplasia, sleep apnea disturbance, and structural anomalies. Anterior open bite, prognathic mandible, retrognathic maxilla, and relative macroglossia may adversely impact masticatory and respiratory functions. Independence during mealtimes in achondroplasia is usually achieved later than peers. Early supervision of nutritional intake should proceed into adolescence and adulthood because of the increased risk of obesity and respiratory problems and their resulting sequelae. Due to the multisystem involvement, oral motor dysfunction, nutrition, and gastrointestinal issues require special attention and personalized management to facilitate optimal outcomes, especially because of the novel therapeutic options in achondroplasia, which could alter the progression of this rare disease.
Published: 2023

30. Preventive therapy for childhood asthma and wheezing: should we change our approach due to disrupted seasonality in viral circulation?

Author: Cristina De Rose, Stefano Miceli Sopo, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Abstract: Wheezing is common during the preschool years, with nearly 50% of children experiencing at least one episode of wheezing in the first 6 years of life (1). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2022

31. Implementation of lung ultrasound in low- to middle-income countries: a new challenge global health?

Author: Cristina De Rose and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, LMCIs, media_common.quotation_subject, Global health, Review, Low- to middle-income countries, Health care, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, Quality (business), Child, Intensive care medicine, Developing Countries, Lung, Children, Cause of death, media_common, Lung ultrasound, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, Personalized medicine, ALRTI, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Sustainability, business
Abstract: Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death globally in children under the age of five. The poorest children are the ones most at risk of dying. In the recent years, lung ultrasound has been widely documented as a safe and easy tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of pneumonia and several other respiratory infections and diseases. During the pandemic, it played a primary role to achieve early suspicion and prediction of severe COVID-19, reducing the risk of exposure of healthcare workers to positive patients. However, innovations that can improve diagnosis and treatment allocation, saving hundreds of thousands of lives each year, are not reaching those who need them most. In this paper, we discuss advantages and limits of different tools for the diagnosis of pneumonia in low- to middle-income countries, highlighting potential benefits of a wider access to lung ultrasound in these settings and barriers to its implementation, calling international organizations to ensure the indiscriminate access, quality, and sustainability of the provision of ultrasound services in every setting. What is Known: • Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death globally in children under the age of five. The poorest children are the ones most at risk of dying. In the recent years, lung ultrasound has been widely documented as a safe and easy tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of pneumonia and several other respiratory infections and diseases. During the pandemic, it played a primary role to achieve early suspicion and prediction of severe COVID-19, reducing the risk of exposure of healthcare workers to positive patients. However, innovations that can improve diagnosis and treatment allocation, saving hundreds of thousands of lives each year, are not reaching those who need them most. What is New: • We discuss advantages and limits of different tools for the diagnosis of pneumonia in low- to middle-income countries, highlighting potential benefits of a wider access to lung ultrasound in these settings and barriers to its implementation, calling international organizations to ensure the indiscriminate access, quality, and sustainability of the provision of ultrasound services in every setting.
Published: 2021

32. Are Lung Ultrasound Features More Severe in Children Diagnosed with Bronchiolitis after the COVID-19 Lockdown Period?

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Rosa Morello, Valentina Ferro, Anna Maria Musolino, Cristina De Rose, Riccardo Inchingolo, and Piero Valentini
Subjects: bronchiolitis, children, COVID-19, point-of-care ultrasound, respiratory viruses, lung ultrasound, General Medicine
Abstract: The non-pharmacological measures implemented during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disrupted the usual bronchiolitis seasonality. Some authors have speculated that, after the lock down period, there would be an increase in the number and severity of respiratory infections due to the re-introduction of respiratory viruses. We collected clinical, microbiological and lung ultrasound data using the classification of the Italian Society of Thoracic Ultrasound (ADET) in children with bronchiolitis during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period, with the aim of assessing whether the epidemic of bronchiolitis during the pandemic was characterized by a more severe lung involvement documented by lung ultrasound. We enrolled 108 children with bronchiolitis (52 pre-pandemic and 56 COVID-19 period), with a median age of 1.74 months (interquartile range, IQR 1–3.68) and 39.8% were females. Rhinovirus detection and high-flow nasal cannula usage were both increased during the COVID-19 period, although overall need of hospitalization and pediatric intensive care unit admissions did not change during the two periods. Lung ultrasound scores were similar in the two cohorts evaluated. Conclusions: our study suggests that, despite changes in microbiology and treatments performed, lung ultrasound severity scores were similar, suggesting that that bronchiolitis during the pandemic period was no more severe than pre-pandemic period, despite children diagnosed during the pandemic had a higher, but it was not statistically significant, probably, due to small sample size, probability of being admitted.
Published: 2022

33. Author response for 'Symptom‐based case definitions for COVID‐19: Time and geographical variations for detection at hospital admission among 260,000 patients'

Author: null Joaquin Baruch, null Amanda Rojek, null Christiana Kartsonaki, null Bharath K. T. Vijayaraghavan, null Bronner P. Gonçalves, null Mark G. Pritchard, null Laura Merson, null Jake Dunning, null Matthew Hall, null Louise Sigfrid, null Barbara W. Citarella, null Srinivas Murthy, null Trokon O. Yeabah, null Piero Olliaro, null Ali Abbas, null Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, null Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, null Ryuzo Abe, null Laurent Abel, null Lara Absil, null Subhash Acharya, null Andrew Acker, null Elisabeth Adam, null Diana Adrião, null Saleh Al Ageel, null Shakeel Ahmed, null Kate Ainscough, null Eka Airlangga, null Tharwat Aisa, null Ali Ait Hssain, null Younes Ait Tamlihat, null Takako Akimoto, null Ernita Akmal, null Eman Al Qasim, null Razi Alalqam, null Angela Alberti, null Tala Al‐dabbous, null Senthilkumar Alegesan, null Cynthia Alegre, null Marta Alessi, null Beatrice Alex, null Kévin Alexandre, null Abdulrahman Al‐Fares, null Huda Alfoudri, null Imran Ali, null Adam Ali, null Naseem Ali Shah, null Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, null Jeffrey Aliudin, null Qabas Alkhafajee, null Clotilde Allavena, null Nathalie Allou, null Aneela Altaf, null João Alves, null Rita Alves, null João Melo Alves, null Maria Amaral, null Nur Amira, null Phoebe Ampaw, null Roberto Andini, null Claire Andréjak, null Andrea Angheben, null François Angoulvant, null Séverine Ansart, null Sivanesen Anthonidass, null Massimo Antonelli, null Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, null Ardiyan Apriyana, null Yaseen Arabi, null Irene Aragao, null Carolline Araujo, null Antonio Arcadipane, null Patrick Archambault, null Lukas Arenz, null Jean‐Benoît Arlet, null Lovkesh Arora, null Rakesh Arora, null Elise Artaud‐Macari, null Diptesh Aryal, null Angel Asensio, null Muhammad Ashraf, null Namra Asif, null Mohammad Asim, null Jean Baptiste Assie, null Amirul Asyraf, null Anika Atique, null A. M. Udara Lakshan Attanyake, null Johann Auchabie, null Hugues Aumaitre, null Adrien Auvet, null Eyvind W. Axelsen, null Laurène Azemar, null Cecile Azoulay, null Benjamin Bach, null Delphine Bachelet, null Claudine Badr, null Roar Bævre‐Jensen, null Nadia Baig, null J. Kenneth Baillie, null J. Kevin Baird, null Erica Bak, null Agamemnon Bakakos, null Nazreen Abu Bakar, null Andriy Bal, null Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan, null Valeria Balan, null Firouzé Bani‐Sadr, null Renata Barbalho, null Nicholas Yuri Barbosa, null Wendy S. Barclay, null Saef Umar Barnett, null Michaela Barnikel, null Helena Barrasa, null Audrey Barrelet, null Cleide Barrigoto, null Marie Bartoli, null Joaquín Baruch, null Mustehan Bashir, null Romain Basmaci, null Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri, null Denise Battaglini, null Jules Bauer, null Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon, null Denisse Bazan Dow, null Abigail Beane, null Alexandra Bedossa, null Ker Hong Bee, null Husna Begum, null Sylvie Behilill, null Albertus Beishuizen, null Aleksandr Beljantsev, null David Bellemare, null Anna Beltrame, null Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, null Marine Beluze, null Nicolas Benech, null Lionel Eric Benjiman, null Dehbia Benkerrou, null Suzanne Bennett, null Luís Bento, null Jan‐Erik Berdal, null Delphine Bergeaud, null Hazel Bergin, null José Luis Bernal Sobrino, null Giulia Bertoli, null Lorenzo Bertolino, null Simon Bessis, null Sybille Bevilcaqua, null Karine Bezulier, null Amar Bhatt, null Krishna Bhavsar, null Claudia Bianco, null Farah Nadiah Bidin, null Moirangthem Bikram Singh, null Felwa Bin Humaid, null Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin, null François Bissuel, null Laurent Bitker, null Jonathan Bitton, null Pablo Blanco‐Schweizer, null Catherine Blier, null Frank Bloos, null Mathieu Blot, null Filomena Boccia, null Laetitia Bodenes, null Alice Bogaarts, null Debby Bogaert, null Anne‐Hélène Boivin, null Pierre‐Adrien Bolze, null François Bompart, null Aurelius Bonfasius, null Diogo Borges, null Raphaël Borie, null Hans Martin Bosse, null Elisabeth Botelho‐Nevers, null Lila Bouadma, null Olivier Bouchaud, null Sabelline Bouchez, null Dounia Bouhmani, null Damien Bouhour, null Kévin Bouiller, null Laurence Bouillet, null Camile Bouisse, null Anne‐Sophie Boureau, null John Bourke, null Maude Bouscambert, null Aurore Bousquet, null Jason Bouziotis, null Bianca Boxma, null Marielle Boyer‐Besseyre, null Maria Boylan, null Fernando Augusto Bozza, null Axelle Braconnier, null Cynthia Braga, null Timo Brandenburger, null Filipa Brás Monteiro, null Luca Brazzi, null Patrick Breen, null Dorothy Breen, null Kathy Brickell, null Shaunagh Browne, null Alex Browne, null Nicolas Brozzi, null Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll, null Marjolein Brusse‐Keizer, null Nina Buchtele, null Christian Buesaquillo, null Polina Bugaeva, null Marielle Buisson, null Danilo Buonsenso, null Erlina Burhan, null Aidan Burrell, null Ingrid G. Bustos, null Denis Butnaru, null André Cabie, null Susana Cabral, null Eder Caceres, null Cyril Cadoz, null Kate Calligy, null Jose Andres Calvache, null João Camões, null Valentine Campana, null Paul Campbell, null Josie Campisi, null Cecilia Canepa, null Mireia Cantero, null Pauline Caraux‐Paz, null Sheila Cárcel, null Chiara Simona Cardellino, null Sofia Cardoso, null Filipe Cardoso, null Filipa Cardoso, null Nelson Cardoso, null Simone Carelli, null Nicolas Carlier, null Thierry Carmoi, null Gayle Carney, null Inês Carqueja, null Marie‐Christine Carret, null François Martin Carrier, null Ida Carroll, null Gail Carson, null Maire‐Laure Casanova, null Mariana Cascão, null Siobhan Casey, null José Casimiro, null Bailey Cassandra, null Silvia Castañeda, null Nidyanara Castanheira, null Guylaine Castor‐Alexandre, null Henry Castrillón, null Ivo Castro, null Ana Catarino, null François‐Xavier Catherine, null Paolo Cattaneo, null Roberta Cavalin, null Giulio Giovanni Cavalli, null Alexandros Cavayas, null Adrian Ceccato, null Minerva Cervantes‐Gonzalez, null Anissa Chair, null Catherine Chakveatze, null Adrienne Chan, null Meera Chand, null Christelle Chantalat Auger, null Jean‐Marc Chapplain, null Julie Chas, null Allegra Chatterjee, null Mobin Chaudry, null Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez, null Anjellica Chen, null Yih‐Sharng Chen, null Matthew Pellan Cheng, null Antoine Cheret, null Thibault Chiarabini, null Julian Chica, null Suresh Kumar Chidambaram, null Leong Chin Tho, null Catherine Chirouze, null Davide Chiumello, null Sung‐Min Cho, null Bernard Cholley, null Marie‐Charlotte Chopin, null Ting Soo Chow, null Yock Ping Chow, null Jonathan Chua, null Hiu Jian Chua, null Jose Pedro Cidade, null José Miguel Cisneros Herreros, null Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, null Anna Ciullo, null Jennifer Clarke, null Emma Clarke, null Rolando Claure‐Del Granado, null Sara Clohisey, null Perren J. Cobb, null Cassidy Codan, null Caitriona Cody, null Alexandra Coelho, null Megan Coles, null Gwenhaël Colin, null Michael Collins, null Sebastiano Maria Colombo, null Pamela Combs, null Marie Connor, null Anne Conrad, null Sofía Contreras, null Elaine Conway, null Graham S. Cooke, null Mary Copland, null Hugues Cordel, null Amanda Corley, null Sabine Cornelis, null Alexander Daniel Cornet, null Arianne Joy Corpuz, null Andrea Cortegiani, null Grégory Corvaisier, null Emma Costigan, null Camille Couffignal, null Sandrine Couffin‐Cadiergues, null Roxane Courtois, null Stéphanie Cousse, null Rachel Cregan, null Sabine Croonen, null Gloria Crowl, null Jonathan Crump, null Claudina Cruz, null Juan Luis Cruz Bermúdez, null Jaime Cruz Rojo, null Marc Csete, null Ailbhe Cullen, null Matthew Cummings, null Gerard Curley, null Elodie Curlier, null Colleen Curran, null Paula Custodio, null Ana da Silva Filipe, null Charlene Da Silveira, null Al‐Awwab Dabaliz, null Andrew Dagens, null John Arne Dahl, null Darren Dahly, null Heidi Dalton, null Jo Dalton, null Seamus Daly, null Nick Daneman, null Corinne Daniel, null Emmanuelle A. Dankwa, null Jorge Dantas, null Frédérick D'Aragon, null Gillian de Loughry, null Diego de Mendoza, null Etienne De Montmollin, null Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França, null Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira, null Rosanna De Rosa, null Cristina De Rose, null Thushan de Silva, null Peter de Vries, null Jillian Deacon, null David Dean, null Alexa Debard, null Marie‐Pierre Debray, null Nathalie DeCastro, null William Dechert, null Lauren Deconninck, null Romain Decours, null Eve Defous, null Isabelle Delacroix, null Eric Delaveuve, null Karen Delavigne, null Nathalie M. Delfos, null Ionna Deligiannis, null Andrea Dell'Amore, null Christelle Delmas, null Pierre Delobel, null Corine Delsing, null Elisa Demonchy, null Emmanuelle Denis, null Dominique Deplanque, null Pieter Depuydt, null Mehul Desai, null Diane Descamps, null Mathilde Desvallées, null Santi Dewayanti, null Pathik Dhanger, null Alpha Diallo, null Sylvain Diamantis, null André Dias, null Juan Jose Diaz, null Priscila Diaz, null Rodrigo Diaz, null Kévin Didier, null Jean‐Luc Diehl, null Wim Dieperink, null Jérôme Dimet, null Vincent Dinot, null Fara Diop, null Alphonsine Diouf, null Yael Dishon, null Félix Djossou, null Annemarie B. Docherty, null Helen Doherty, null Arjen M. Dondorp, null Maria Donnelly, null Christl A. Donnelly, null Sean Donohue, null Yoann Donohue, null Chloe Donohue, null Peter Doran, null Céline Dorival, null Eric D'Ortenzio, null James Joshua Douglas, null Renee Douma, null Nathalie Dournon, null Triona Downer, null Joanne Downey, null Mark Downing, null Tom Drake, null Aoife Driscoll, null Murray Dryden, null Claudio Duarte Fonseca, null Vincent Dubee, null François Dubos, null Alexandre Ducancelle, null Toni Duculan, null Susanne Dudman, null Abhijit Duggal, null Paul Dunand, null Mathilde Duplaix, null Emanuele Durante‐Mangoni, null Lucian Durham, null Bertrand Dussol, null Juliette Duthoit, null Xavier Duval, null Anne Margarita Dyrhol‐Riise, null Sim Choon Ean, null Marco Echeverria‐Villalobos, null Siobhan Egan, null Linn Margrete Eggesbø, null Carla Eira, null Mohammed El Sanharawi, null Subbarao Elapavaluru, null Brigitte Elharrar, null Jacobien Ellerbroek, null Merete Ellingjord‐Dale, null Philippine Eloy, null Tarek Elshazly, null Iqbal Elyazar, null Isabelle Enderle, null Tomoyuki Endo, null Chan Chee Eng, null Ilka Engelmann, null Vincent Enouf, null Olivier Epaulard, null Martina Escher, null Mariano Esperatti, null Hélène Esperou, null Marina Esposito‐Farese, null João Estevão, null Manuel Etienne, null Nadia Ettalhaoui, null Anna Greti Everding, null Mirjam Evers, null Marc Fabre, null Isabelle Fabre, null Amna Faheem, null Arabella Fahy, null Cameron J. Fairfield, null Zul Fakar, null Komal Fareed, null Pedro Faria, null Ahmed Farooq, null Hanan Fateena, null Arie Zainul Fatoni, null Karine Faure, null Raphaël Favory, null Mohamed Fayed, null Niamh Feely, null Laura Feeney, null Jorge Fernandes, null Marília Andreia Fernandes, null Susana Fernandes, null François‐Xavier Ferrand, null Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, null Joana Ferrão, null Mário Ferraz, null Sílvia Ferreira, null Isabel Ferreira, null Benigno Ferreira, null Ricard Ferrer‐Roca, null Nicolas Ferriere, null Céline Ficko, null Claudia Figueiredo‐Mello, null William Finlayson, null Juan Fiorda, null Thomas Flament, null Clara Flateau, null Tom Fletcher, null Letizia Lucia Florio, null Deirdre Flynn, null Claire Foley, null Jean Foley, null Victor Fomin, null Tatiana Fonseca, null Patricia Fontela, null Simon Forsyth, null Denise Foster, null Giuseppe Foti, null Erwan Fourn, null Robert A. Fowler, null Marianne Fraher, null Diego Franch‐Llasat, null John F. Fraser, null Christophe Fraser, null Marcela Vieira Freire, null Ana Freitas Ribeiro, null Caren Friedrich, null Stéphanie Fry, null Nora Fuentes, null Masahiro Fukuda, null G. Argin, null Valérie Gaborieau, null Rostane Gaci, null Massimo Gagliardi, null Jean‐Charles Gagnard, null Amandine Gagneux‐Brunon, null Sérgio Gaião, null Linda Gail Skeie, null Phil Gallagher, null Carrol Gamble, null Yasmin Gani, null Arthur Garan, null Rebekha Garcia, null Noelia García Barrio, null Julia Garcia‐Diaz, null Esteban Garcia‐Gallo, null Navya Garimella, null Denis Garot, null Valérie Garrait, null Basanta Gauli, null Nathalie Gault, null Aisling Gavin, null Anatoliy Gavrylov, null Alexandre Gaymard, null Johannes Gebauer, null Eva Geraud, null Louis Gerbaud Morlaes, null Nuno Germano, null Praveen Kumar Ghisulal, null Jade Ghosn, null Marco Giani, null Jess Gibson, null Tristan Gigante, null Morgane Gilg, null Elaine Gilroy, null Guillermo Giordano, null Michelle Girvan, null Valérie Gissot, null Daniel Glikman, null Petr Glybochko, null Eric Gnall, null Geraldine Goco, null François Goehringer, null Siri Goepel, null Jean‐Christophe Goffard, null Jin Yi Goh, null Jonathan Golob, null Kyle Gomez, null Joan Gómez‐Junyent, null Marie Gominet, null Alicia Gonzalez, null Patricia Gordon, null Isabelle Gorenne, null Laure Goubert, null Cécile Goujard, null Tiphaine Goulenok, null Margarite Grable, null Jeronimo Graf, null Edward Wilson Grandin, null Pascal Granier, null Giacomo Grasselli, null Christopher A. Green, null Courtney Greene, null William Greenhalf, null Segolène Greffe, null Domenico Luca Grieco, null Matthew Griffee, null Fiona Griffiths, null Ioana Grigoras, null Albert Groenendijk, null Anja Grosse Lordemann, null Heidi Gruner, null Yusing Gu, null Jérémie Guedj, null Martin Guego, null Dewi Guellec, null Anne‐Marie Guerguerian, null Daniela Guerreiro, null Romain Guery, null Anne Guillaumot, null Laurent Guilleminault, null Maisa Guimarães de Castro, null Thomas Guimard, null Marieke Haalboom, null Daniel Haber, null Hannah Habraken, null Ali Hachemi, null Amy Hackmann, null Nadir Hadri, null Fakhir Haidri, null Sheeba Hakak, null Adam Hall, null Sophie Halpin, null Jawad Hameed, null Ansley Hamer, null Raph L. Hamers, null Rebecca Hamidfar, null Bato Hammarström, null Terese Hammond, null Lim Yuen Han, null Rashan Haniffa, null Kok Wei Hao, null Hayley Hardwick, null Ewen M. Harrison, null Janet Harrison, null Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison, null Alan Hartman, null Mohd Shahnaz Hasan, null Junaid Hashmi, null Muhammad Hayat, null Ailbhe Hayes, null Leanne Hays, null Jan Heerman, null Lars Heggelund, null Ross Hendry, null Martina Hennessy, null Aquiles Henriquez‐Trujillo, null Maxime Hentzien, null Jaime Hernandez‐Montfort, null Andrew Hershey, null Liv Hesstvedt, null Astarini Hidayah, null Eibhilin Higgins, null Dawn Higgins, null Rupert Higgins, null Rita Hinchion, null Samuel Hinton, null Hiroaki Hiraiwa, null Haider Hirkani, null Hikombo Hitoto, null Yi Bin Ho, null Antonia Ho, null Alexandre Hoctin, null Isabelle Hoffmann, null Wei Han Hoh, null Oscar Hoiting, null Rebecca Holt, null Jan Cato Holter, null Peter Horby, null Juan Pablo Horcajada, null Koji Hoshino, null Ikram Houas, null Catherine L. Hough, null Stuart Houltham, null Jimmy Ming‐Yang Hsu, null Jean‐Sébastien Hulot, null Stella Huo, null Abby Hurd, null Iqbal Hussain, null Samreen Ijaz, null Hajnal‐Gabriela Illes, null Patrick Imbert, null Mohammad Imran, null Rana Imran Sikander, null Aftab Imtiaz, null Hugo Inácio, null Carmen Infante Dominguez, null Yun Sii Ing, null Elias Iosifidis, null Mariachiara Ippolito, null Sarah Isgett, null Tiago Isidoro, null Nadiah Ismail, null Margaux Isnard, null Mette Stausland Istre, null Junji Itai, null Daniel Ivulich, null Danielle Jaafar, null Salma Jaafoura, null Julien Jabot, null Clare Jackson, null Nina Jamieson, null Pierre Jaquet, null Coline Jaud‐Fischer, null Stéphane Jaureguiberry, null Denise Jaworsky, null Florence Jego, null Anilawati Mat Jelani, null Synne Jenum, null Ruth Jimbo‐Sotomayor, null Ong Yiaw Joe, null Ruth N. Jorge García, null Silje Bakken Jørgensen, null Cédric Joseph, null Mark Joseph, null Swosti Joshi, null Mercé Jourdain, null Philippe Jouvet, null Hanna Jung, null Anna Jung, null Dafsah Juzar, null Ouifiya Kafif, null Florentia Kaguelidou, null Neerusha Kaisbain, null Thavamany Kaleesvran, null Sabina Kali, null Alina Kalicinska, null Karl Trygve Kalleberg, null Smaragdi Kalomoiri, null Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin, null Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin, null Nadiah Kamarudin, null Kavita Kamineni, null Darshana Hewa Kandamby, null Chris Kandel, null Kong Yeow Kang, null Darakhshan Kanwal, null Pratap Karpayah, null Daisuke Kasugai, null Anant Kataria, null Kevin Katz, null Aasmine Kaur, null Christy Kay, null Hannah Keane, null Seán Keating, null Pulak Kedia, null Claire Kelly, null Yvelynne Kelly, null Andrea Kelly, null Niamh Kelly, null Aoife Kelly, null Sadie Kelly, null Maeve Kelsey, null Ryan Kennedy, null Kalynn Kennon, null Maeve Kernan, null Younes Kerroumi, null Sharma Keshav, null Imrana Khalid, null Osama Khalid, null Antoine Khalil, null Coralie Khan, null Irfan Khan, null Quratul Ain Khan, null Sushil Khanal, null Abid Khatak, null Amin Khawaja, null Krish Kherajani, null Michelle E. Kho, null Ryan Khoo, null Denisa Khoo, null Saye Khoo, null Nasir Khoso, null Khor How Kiat, null Yuri Kida, null Peter Kiiza, null Beathe Kiland Granerud, null Anders Benjamin Kildal, null Jae Burm Kim, null Antoine Kimmoun, null Detlef Kindgen‐Milles, null Alexander King, null Nobuya Kitamura, null Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland Kjetland, null Paul Klenerman, null Rob Klont, null Gry Kloumann Bekken, null Stephen R. Knight, null Robin Kobbe, null Chamira Kodippily, null Malte Kohns Vasconcelos, null Sabin Koirala, null Mamoru Komatsu, null Caroline Kosgei, null Arsène Kpangon, null Karolina Krawczyk, null Vinothini Krishnan, null Sudhir Krishnan, null Oksana Kruglova, null Ganesh Kumar, null Deepali Kumar, null Mukesh Kumar, null Pavan Kumar Vecham, null Dinesh Kuriakose, null Ethan Kurtzman, null Demetrios Kutsogiannis, null Galyna Kutsyna, null Konstantinos Kyriakoulis, null Marie Lachatre, null Marie Lacoste, null John G. Laffey, null Marie Lagrange, null Fabrice Laine, null Olivier Lairez, null Sanjay Lakhey, null Antonio Lalueza, null Marc Lambert, null François Lamontagne, null Marie Langelot‐Richard, null Vincent Langlois, null Eka Yudha Lantang, null Marina Lanza, null Cédric Laouénan, null Samira Laribi, null Delphine Lariviere, null Stéphane Lasry, null Sakshi Lath, null Naveed Latif, null Odile Launay, null Didier Laureillard, null Yoan Lavie‐Badie, null Andy Law, null Teresa Lawrence, null Cassie Lawrence, null Minh Le, null Clément Le Bihan, null Cyril Le Bris, null Georges Le Falher, null Lucie Le Fevre, null Quentin Le Hingrat, null Marion Le Maréchal, null Soizic Le Mestre, null Gwenaël Le Moal, null Vincent Le Moing, null Hervé Le Nagard, null Paul Le Turnier, null Ema Leal, null Marta Leal Santos, null Heng Gee Lee, null Biing Horng Lee, null Yi Lin Lee, null Todd C. Lee, null James Lee, null Jennifer Lee, null Su Hwan Lee, null Gary Leeming, null Laurent Lefebvre, null Bénédicte Lefebvre, null Benjamin Lefèvre, null Sylvie LeGac, null Jean‐Daniel Lelievre, null François Lellouche, null Adrien Lemaignen, null Véronique Lemee, null Anthony Lemeur, null Gretchen Lemmink, null Ha Sha Lene, null Jenny Lennon, null Rafael León, null Marc Leone, null Michela Leone, null Quentin Lepiller, null François‐Xavier Lescure, null Olivier Lesens, null Mathieu Lesouhaitier, null Amy Lester‐Grant, null Yves Levy, null Bruno Levy, null Claire Levy‐Marchal, null Katarzyna Lewandowska, null Erwan L'Her, null Gianluigi Li Bassi, null Janet Liang, null Ali Liaquat, null Geoffrey Liegeon, null Kah Chuan Lim, null Wei Shen Lim, null Chantre Lima, null Lim Lina, null Bruno Lina, null Andreas Lind, null Maja Katherine Lingad, null Guillaume Lingas, null Sylvie Lion‐Daolio, null Samantha Lissauer, null Keibun Liu, null Marine Livrozet, null Patricia Lizotte, null Antonio Loforte, null Navy Lolong, null Leong Chee Loon, null Diogo Lopes, null Dalia Lopez‐Colon, null Jose W. Lopez‐Revilla, null Anthony L. Loschner, null Paul Loubet, null Bouchra Loufti, null Guillame Louis, null Silvia Lourenco, null Lara Lovelace‐Macon, null Lee Lee Low, null Marije Lowik, null Jia Shyi Loy, null Jean Christophe Lucet, null Carlos Lumbreras Bermejo, null Carlos M. Luna, null Olguta Lungu, null Liem Luong, null Nestor Luque, null Dominique Luton, null Nilar Lwin, null Ruth Lyons, null Olavi Maasikas, null Oryane Mabiala, null Moïse Machado, null Gabriel Macheda, null Hashmi Madiha, null Guillermo Maestro de la Calle, null Rafael Mahieu, null Sophie Mahy, null Ana Raquel Maia, null Lars S. Maier, null Mylène Maillet, null Thomas Maitre, null Maximilian Malfertheiner, null Nadia Malik, null Paddy Mallon, null Fernando Maltez, null Denis Malvy, null Victoria Manda, null Laurent Mandelbrot, null Frank Manetta, null Julie Mankikian, null Edmund Manning, null Aldric Manuel, null Ceila Maria Sant'Ana Malaque, null Flávio Marino, null Daniel Marino, null Samuel Markowicz, null Charbel Maroun Eid, null Ana Marques, null Catherine Marquis, null Brian Marsh, null Laura Marsh, null Megan Marshal, null John Marshall, null Celina Turchi Martelli, null Dori‐Ann Martin, null Emily Martin, null Guillaume Martin‐Blondel, null Ignacio Martin‐Loeches, null Martin Martinot, null Alejandro Martin‐Quiros, null João Martins, null Ana Martins, null Nuno Martins, null Caroline Martins Rego, null Gennaro Martucci, null Olga Martynenko, null Eva Miranda Marwali, null Marsilla Marzukie, null David Maslove, null Sabina Mason, null Sobia Masood, null Basri Mat Nor, null Moshe Matan, null Meghena Mathew, null Daniel Mathieu, null Mathieu Mattei, null Romans Matulevics, null Laurence Maulin, null Michael Maxwell, null Javier Maynar, null Thierry Mazzoni, null Natalie Mc Evoy, null Lisa Mc Sweeney, null Colin McArthur, null Anne McCarthy, null Aine McCarthy, null Colin McCloskey, null Rachael McConnochie, null Sherry McDermott, null Sarah E. McDonald, null Aine McElroy, null Samuel McElwee, null Victoria McEneany, null Allison McGeer, null Chris McKay, null Johnny McKeown, null Kenneth A. McLean, null Paul McNally, null Bairbre McNicholas, null Elaine McPartlan, null Edel Meaney, null Cécile Mear‐Passard, null Maggie Mechlin, null Maqsood Meher, null Omar Mehkri, null Ferruccio Mele, null Luis Melo, null Kashif Memon, null Joao Joao Mendes, null Ogechukwu Menkiti, null Kusum Menon, null France Mentré, null Alexander J. Mentzer, null Noémie Mercier, null Emmanuelle Mercier, null Antoine Merckx, null Mayka Mergeay‐Fabre, null Blake Mergler, null António Mesquita, null Roberta Meta, null Osama Metwally, null Agnès Meybeck, null Dan Meyer, null Alison M. Meynert, null Vanina Meysonnier, null Amina Meziane, null Mehdi Mezidi, null Céline Michelanglei, null Isabelle Michelet, null Efstathia Mihelis, null Vladislav Mihnovit, null Hugo Miranda‐Maldonado, null Nor Arisah Misnan, null Tahira Jamal Mohamed, null Nik Nur Eliza Mohamed, null Asma Moin, null David Molina, null Elena Molinos, null Brenda Molloy, null Mary Mone, null Agostinho Monteiro, null Claudia Montes, null Giorgia Montrucchio, null Shona C. Moore, null Sarah Moore, null Lina Morales Cely, null Lucia Moro, null Ben Morton, null Catherine Motherway, null Ana Motos, null Hugo Mouquet, null Clara Mouton Perrot, null Julien Moyet, null Caroline Mudara, null Aisha Kalsoom Mufti, null Ng Yong Muh, null Dzawani Muhamad, null Jimmy Mullaert, null Fredrik Müller, null Karl Erik Müller, null Daniel Munblit, null Syed Muneeb, null Nadeem Munir, null Laveena Munshi, null Aisling Murphy, null Lorna Murphy, null Marlène Murris, null Himed Musaab, null Himasha Muvindi, null Gugapriyaa Muyandy, null Dimitra Melia Myrodia, null Farah Nadia Mohd‐Hanafiah, null Dave Nagpal, null Alex Nagrebetsky, null Mangala Narasimhan, null Nageswaran Narayanan, null Rashid Nasim Khan, null Alasdair Nazerali‐Maitland, null Nadège Neant, null Holger Neb, null Nikita Nekliudov, null Erni Nelwan, null Raul Neto, null Emily Neumann, null Pauline Yeung Ng, null Wing Yiu Ng, null Anthony Nghi, null Duc Nguyen, null Orna Ni Choileain, null Niamh Ni Leathlobhair, null Alistair Nichol, null Prompak Nitayavardhana, null Stephanie Nonas, null Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin, null Marion Noret, null Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam, null Lisa Norman, null Alessandra Notari, null Mahdad Noursadeghi, null Karolina Nowicka, null Adam Nowinski, null Saad Nseir, null Jose I. Nunez, null Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih, null Dwi Utomo Nusantara, null Elsa Nyamankolly, null Anders Benteson Nygaard, null Fionnuala O. Brien, null Annmarie O. Callaghan, null Annmarie O'Callaghan, null Giovanna Occhipinti, null Derbrenn OConnor, null Max O'Donnell, null Tawnya Ogston, null Takayuki Ogura, null Tak‐Hyuk Oh, null Sophie O'Halloran, null Katie O'Hearn, null Shinichiro Ohshimo, null Agnieszka Oldakowska, null João Oliveira, null Larissa Oliveira, null Piero L. Olliaro, null Jee Yan Ong, null David S. Y. Ong, null Wilna Oosthuyzen, null Anne Opavsky, null Peter Openshaw, null Saijad Orakzai, null Claudia Milena Orozco‐Chamorro, null Jamel Ortoleva, null Javier Osatnik, null Linda O'Shea, null Miriam O'Sullivan, null Siti Zubaidah Othman, null Nadia Ouamara, null Rachida Ouissa, null Eric Oziol, null Maïder Pagadoy, null Justine Pages, null Mario Palacios, null Amanda Palacios, null Massimo Palmarini, null Giovanna Panarello, null Prasan Kumar Panda, null Hem Paneru, null Lai Hui Pang, null Mauro Panigada, null Nathalie Pansu, null Aurélie Papadopoulos, null Rachael Parke, null Melissa Parker, null Briseida Parra, null Taha Pasha, null Jérémie Pasquier, null Bruno Pastene, null Fabian Patauner, null Drashti Patel, null Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, null Luís Patrão, null Patricia Patricio, null Juliette Patrier, null Lisa Patterson, null Rajyabardhan Pattnaik, null Mical Paul, null Christelle Paul, null Jorge Paulos, null William A. Paxton, null Jean‐François Payen, null Kalaiarasu Peariasamy, null Miguel Pedrera Jiménez, null Giles J. Peek, null Florent Peelman, null Nathan Peiffer‐Smadja, null Vincent Peigne, null Mare Pejkovska, null Paolo Pelosi, null Ithan D. Peltan, null Rui Pereira, null Daniel Perez, null Luis Periel, null Thomas Perpoint, null Antonio Pesenti, null Vincent Pestre, null Lenka Petrou, null Michele Petrovic, null Ventzislava Petrov‐Sanchez, null Frank Olav Pettersen, null Gilles Peytavin, null Scott Pharand, null Walter Picard, null Olivier Picone, null Maria de Piero, null Carola Pierobon, null Djura Piersma, null Carlos Pimentel, null Raquel Pinto, null Catarina Pires, null Isabelle Pironneau, null Lionel Piroth, null Ayodhia Pitaloka, null Riinu Pius, null Laurent Plantier, null Hon Shen Png, null Julien Poissy, null Ryadh Pokeerbux, null Maria Pokorska‐Spiewak, null Sergio Poli, null Georgios Pollakis, null Diane Ponscarme, null Jolanta Popielska, null Diego Bastos Porto, null Andra‐Maris Post, null Douwe F. Postma, null Pedro Povoa, null Diana Póvoas, null Jeff Powis, null Sofia Prapa, null Sébastien Preau, null Christian Prebensen, null Jean‐Charles Preiser, null Anton Prinssen, null Gamage Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani, null Lucia Proença, null Sravya Pudota, null Oriane Puéchal, null Bambang Pujo Semedi, null Mathew Pulicken, null Gregory Purcell, null Luisa Quesada, null Vilmaris Quinones‐Cardona, null Víctor Quirós González, null Else Quist‐Paulsen, null Mohammed Quraishi, null Maia Rabaa, null Christian Rabaud, null Ebenezer Rabindrarajan, null Aldo Rafael, null Marie Rafiq, null Mutia Rahardjani, null Rozanah Abd Rahman, null Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman, null Arsalan Rahutullah, null Fernando Rainieri, null Giri Shan Rajahram, null Pratheema Ramachandran, null Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, null Ahmad Afiq Ramli, null Blandine Rammaert, null Grazielle Viana Ramos, null Asim Rana, null Rajavardhan Rangappa, null Ritika Ranjan, null Christophe Rapp, null Aasiyah Rashan, null Thalha Rashan, null Ghulam Rasheed, null Menaldi Rasmin, null Indrek Rätsep, null Cornelius Rau, null Tharmini Ravi, null Ali Raza, null Andre Real, null Stanislas Rebaudet, null Sarah Redl, null Brenda Reeve, null Attaur Rehman, null Liadain Reid, null Dag Henrik Reikvam, null Renato Reis, null Jordi Rello, null Jonathan Remppis, null Martine Remy, null Hongru Ren, null Hanna Renk, null Anne‐Sophie Resseguier, null Matthieu Revest, null Oleksa Rewa, null Luis Felipe Reyes, null Tiago Reyes, null Maria Ines Ribeiro, null Antonia Ricchiuto, null David Richardson, null Denise Richardson, null Laurent Richier, null Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan, null Jordi Riera, null Ana L. Rios, null Asgar Rishu, null Patrick Rispal, null Karine Risso, null Maria Angelica Rivera Nuñez, null Nicholas Rizer, null Chiara Robba, null André Roberto, null Stephanie Roberts, null David L. Robertson, null Olivier Robineau, null Ferran Roche‐Campo, null Paola Rodari, null Simão Rodeia, null Julia Rodriguez Abreu, null Bernhard Roessler, null Pierre‐Marie Roger, null Claire Roger, null Emmanuel Roilides, null Juliette Romaru, null Roberto Roncon‐Albuquerque, null Mélanie Roriz, null Manuel Rosa‐Calatrava, null Michael Rose, null Dorothea Rosenberger, null Nurul Hidayah Mohammad Roslan, null Andrea Rossanese, null Matteo Rossetti, null Bénédicte Rossignol, null Patrick Rossignol, null Stella Rousset, null Carine Roy, null Benoît Roze, null Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, null Clark D. Russell, null Maria Ryan, null Maeve Ryan, null Steffi Ryckaert, null Aleksander Rygh Holten, null Isabela Saba, null Sairah Sadaf, null Musharaf Sadat, null Valla Sahraei, null Maximilien Saint‐Gilles, null Pranya Sakiyalak, null Nawal Salahuddin, null Leonardo Salazar, null Jodat Saleem, null Gabriele Sales, null Stéphane Sallaberry, null Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, null Hélène Salvator, null Olivier Sanchez, null Angel Sanchez‐Miralles, null Vanessa Sancho‐Shimizu, null Gyan Sandhu, null Zulfiqar Sandhu, null Pierre‐François Sandrine, null Oana Sandulescu, null Marlene Santos, null Shirley Sarfo‐Mensah, null Bruno Sarmento Banheiro, null Iam Claire E. Sarmiento, null Benjamine Sarton, null Ankana Satya, null Sree Satyapriya, null Rumaisah Satyawati, null Egle Saviciute, null Parthena Savvidou, null Yen Tsen Saw, null Justin Schaffer, null Tjard Schermer, null Arnaud Scherpereel, null Marion Schneider, null Stephan Schroll, null Michael Schwameis, null Gary Schwartz, null Janet T. Scott, null James Scott‐Brown, null Nicholas Sedillot, null Tamara Seitz, null Jaganathan Selvanayagam, null Mageswari Selvarajoo, null Caroline Semaille, null Malcolm G. Semple, null Rasidah Bt Senian, null Eric Senneville, null Filipa Sequeira, null Tânia Sequeira, null Ary Serpa Neto, null Pablo Serrano Balazote, null Ellen Shadowitz, null Syamin Asyraf Shahidan, null Mohammad Shamsah, null Anuraj Shankar, null Shaikh Sharjeel, null Pratima Sharma, null Catherine A. Shaw, null Victoria Shaw, null Ashraf Sheharyar, null Rohan Shetty, null Rajesh Mohan Shetty, null Haixia Shi, null Mohiuddin Shiekh, null Nobuaki Shime, null Keiki Shimizu, null Sally Shrapnel, null Pramesh Sundar Shrestha, null Shubha Kalyan Shrestha, null Hoi Ping Shum, null Nassima Si Mohammed, null Ng Yong Siang, null Jeanne Sibiude, null Atif Siddiqui, null Piret Sillaots, null Catarina Silva, null Rogério Silva, null Maria Joao Silva, null Benedict Sim Lim Heng, null Wai Ching Sin, null Dario Sinatti, null Punam Singh, null Budha Charan Singh, null Pompini Agustina Sitompul, null Karisha Sivam, null Vegard Skogen, null Sue Smith, null Benjamin Smood, null Coilin Smyth, null Michelle Smyth, null Morgane Snacken, null Dominic So, null Tze Vee Soh, null Lene Bergendal Solberg, null Joshua Solomon, null Tom Solomon, null Emily Somers, null Agnès Sommet, null Rima Song, null Myung Jin Song, null Tae Song, null Jack Song Chia, null Michael Sonntagbauer, null Azlan Mat Soom, null Arne Søraas, null Camilla Lund Søraas, null Alberto Sotto, null Edouard Soum, null Marta Sousa, null Ana Chora Sousa, null Maria Sousa Uva, null Vicente Souza‐Dantas, null Alexandra Sperry, null Elisabetta Spinuzza, null B. P. Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana, null Shiranee Sriskandan, null Sarah Stabler, null Thomas Staudinger, null Stephanie‐Susanne Stecher, null Trude Steinsvik, null Ymkje Stienstra, null Birgitte Stiksrud, null Eva Stolz, null Amy Stone, null Adrian Streinu‐Cercel, null Anca Streinu‐Cercel, null David Stuart, null Ami Stuart, null Decy Subekti, null Gabriel Suen, null Jacky Y. Suen, null Asfia Sultana, null Charlotte Summers, null Dubravka Supic, null Deepashankari Suppiah, null Magdalena Surovcová, null Suwarti Suwarti, null Andrey Svistunov, null Sarah Syahrin, null Konstantinos Syrigos, null Jaques Sztajnbok, null Konstanty Szuldrzynski, null Shirin Tabrizi, null Fabio S. Taccone, null Lysa Tagherset, null Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, null Ewa Talarek, null Sara Taleb, null Jelmer Talsma, null Renaud Tamisier, null Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, null Kim Keat Tan, null Yan Chyi Tan, null Taku Tanaka, null Hiroyuki Tanaka, null Hayato Taniguchi, null Huda Taqdees, null Arshad Taqi, null Coralie Tardivon, null Pierre Tattevin, null M. Azhari Taufik, null Hassan Tawfik, null Richard S. Tedder, null Tze Yuan Tee, null João Teixeira, null Sofia Tejada, null Marie‐Capucine Tellier, null Sze Kye Teoh, null Vanessa Teotonio, null François Téoulé, null Pleun Terpstra, null Olivier Terrier, null Nicolas Terzi, null Hubert Tessier‐Grenier, null Adrian Tey, null Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, null Anand Thakur, null Zhang Duan Tham, null Suvintheran Thangavelu, null Vincent Thibault, null Simon‐Djamel Thiberville, null Benoît Thill, null Jananee Thirumanickam, null Shaun Thompson, null Emma C. Thomson, null Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, null Ryan S. Thwaites, null Paul Tierney, null Vadim Tieroshyn, null Peter S. Timashev, null Jean‐François Timsit, null Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, null Noémie Tissot, null Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, null Maria Toki, null Kristian Tonby, null Sia Loong Tonnii, null Margarida Torres, null Antoni Torres, null Rosario Maria Torres Santos‐Olmo, null Hernando Torres‐Zevallos, null Michael Towers, null Tony Trapani, null Théo Treoux, null Cécile Tromeur, null Ioannis Trontzas, null Tiffany Trouillon, null Jeanne Truong, null Christelle Tual, null Sarah Tubiana, null Helen Tuite, null Jean‐Marie Turmel, null Lance C. W. Turtle, null Anders Tveita, null Pawel Twardowski, null Makoto Uchiyama, null P. G. Ishara Udayanga, null Andrew Udy, null Roman Ullrich, null Alberto Uribe, null Asad Usman, null Timothy M. Uyeki, null Cristinava Vajdovics, null Piero Valentini, null Luís Val‐Flores, null Amélie Valran, null Stijn Van de Velde, null Marcel van den Berge, null Machteld Van der Feltz, null Job van der Palen, null Paul van der Valk, null Nicky Van Der Vekens, null Peter Van der Voort, null Sylvie Van Der Werf, null Laura van Gulik, null Jarne Van Hattem, null Carolien van Netten, null Ilonka van Veen, null Noémie Vanel, null Henk Vanoverschelde, null Pooja Varghese, null Michael Varrone, null Shoban Raj Vasudayan, null Charline Vauchy, null Shaminee Veeran, null Aurélie Veislinger, null Sebastian Vencken, null Sara Ventura, null Annelies Verbon, null James Vickers, null José Ernesto Vidal, null César Vieira, null Deepak Vijayan, null Joy Ann Villanueva, null Judit Villar, null Pierre‐Marc Villeneuve, null Andrea Villoldo, null Gayatri Vishwanathan, null Benoit Visseaux, null Hannah Visser, null Chiara Vitiello, null Harald Vonkeman, null Fanny Vuotto, null Noor Hidayu Wahab, null Suhaila Abdul Wahab, null Nadirah Abdul Wahid, null Marina Wainstein, null Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri, null Chih‐Hsien Wang, null Steve Webb, null Jia Wei, null Katharina Weil, null Tan Pei Wen, null Sanne Wesselius, null T. Eoin West, null Murray Wham, null Bryan Whelan, null Nicole White, null Paul Henri Wicky, null Aurélie Wiedemann, null Surya Otto Wijaya, null Keith Wille, null Suzette Willems, null Virginie Williams, null Evert‐Jan Wils, null Xin Ci Wong, null Calvin Wong, null Yew Sing Wong, null Teck Fung Wong, null Natalie Wright, null Gan Ee Xian, null Lim Saio Xian, null Kuan Pei Xuan, null Ioannis Xynogalas, null Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, null Masaki Yamazaki, null Yazdan Yazdanpanah, null Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, null Cécile Yelnik, null Chian Hui Yeoh, null Stephanie Yerkovich, null Toshiki Yokoyama, null Hodane Yonis, null Obada Yousif, null Saptadi Yuliarto, null Akram Zaaqoq, null Marion Zabbe, null Kai Zacharowski, null Masliza Zahid, null Maram Zahran, null Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan, null Maria Zambon, null Alberto Zanella, null Konrad Zawadka, null Nurul Zaynah, null Hiba Zayyad, null Alexander Zoufaly, null David Zucman, and null ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group
Published: 2022

34. Orbito-Frontal Cortex Hypometabolism in Children With Post-COVID Condition (Long COVID): A Preliminary Experience

Author: Fabrizio Cocciolillo, Daniela Di Giuda, Rosa Morello, Cristina De Rose, Piero Valentini, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron-Emission Tomography, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Brain, COVID-19, Humans, Child, Frontal Lobe
Abstract: We describe 3 children with new-onset neurocognitive problems after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), that showed, at the brain [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, hypometabolism in the left orbito-frontal region. The voxel-wise analysis confirmed a cluster of hypometabolic voxels in this region with a peak at -18/46/-4mm (179 voxels, T-Score 8.1). These findings may explain neurocognitive symptoms that some children develop after COVID-19 and require further investigations.
Published: 2022

35. Role of lung ultrasound for the etiological diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children: a prospective study

Author: Teresa Spanu, Daniele G Biasucci, Rita De Sanctis, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Annamaria Musolino, Cristina De Rose, Flora Marzia Liotti, Danilo Buonsenso, Antonio Chiaretti, Piero Valentini, Chiara Ventola, Rosa Morello, and Valentina Ferro
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Microbiological culture, Microbial etiology, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Acute lower respiratory tract infection, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, Respiratory system, Prospective cohort study, Child, Lung, Respiratory Tract Infections, Children, Ultrasonography, Original Paper, Etiological diagnosis, Lung ultrasound, business.industry, Infant, General Medicine, Pneumonia, Thorax, medicine.disease, Personalized medicine, Settore MED/38, Settore MED/41, ALRTI, Etiology, Female, business
Abstract: Objective and design Our prospective study assesses the role of detailed lung ultrasound (LUS) features to discriminate the etiological diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children. Methodology We analyzed patients aged from 1 month to 17 years admitted between March 2018 and April 2020 who were hospitalized for ALRTI. For all patients, history, clinical parameters, microbiological data, and lung ultrasound data were collected. Patients were stratified into three main groups (“bacterial”, “viral”, “atypical”) according to the presumed microbial etiology and LUS findings evaluated according to the etiological group. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all patients. A qualitative diagnostic test developed by Nurex S.r.l. was used for identification of bacterial and fungal DNA in respiratory samples. The Seegene Allplex™ Respiratory assays were used for the molecular diagnosis of viral respiratory pathogens. In addition, bacterial culture of blood and respiratory samples were performed, when indicated. Results A total of 186 children with suspected ALRTI (44% female) with an average age of 6 were enrolled in the study. We found that some ultrasound findings as size, number and distribution of consolidations, the position and motion of air bronchograms, pleural effusions and distribution of vertical artifacts significantly differ (p Conclusion Our study provides a detailed analysis of LUS features able to predict the ALRTI ethology in children. These findings may help the physicians to better manage a child with ALRTI and to offer personalized approach, from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up.
Published: 2022

36. Oral allergy syndrome by fruit and vegetable PR-10 allergy: Accuracy of in vivo diagnosis

Author: Alessadro Gambacorta, Cristina De Rose, Stefano Miceli Sopo, Maria Letitzia Patti, and Federica Brancato
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, Diagnostic methods, biology, business.industry, Immunology, food and beverages, General Medicine, Immunoglobulin E, medicine.disease, Fresh food, Dermatology, Clinical Practice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Oral allergy syndrome, In vivo, biology.protein, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, In patient, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Routine diagnostic methods for allergies to plant-derived foods are based on skin prick test (SPT) with commercial extracts, prick-by-prick (PbP) with fresh food, serum-specific IgE measurement, and oral food challenge.We discuss the possibility and the advantages of performing, in patients with oral allergy syn-drome (OAS) by fruit and vegetables (excluding nuts) PR-10 allergy, component-resolved diag-nosis (CRD) by SPT and PbP with raw and cooked vegetables, rather than performing a CRD with in vitro tests by drawing blood.Based on our clinical experience and the studies published in the literature, we believe that, at least for the OAS by fruit and vegetables (excluding nuts) PR-10 allergy, the search for sensitizing allergens and related cross-reactive allergens with SPT and PbP can be performed routinely in clinical practice, even at the primary-care level.
Published: 2021

37. Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Follow-Up of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case-Control Assessment of Children with Long COVID or Fully Recovered

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Rosa Morello, Francesco Mariani, Cristina De Rose, Rossella Cortese, Luigi Vetrugno, and Piero Valentini
Subjects: children, SARS-CoV-2 infection, Long COVID, lung ultrasound, General Medicine
Abstract: Lung ultrasound (LUS) can detect lower respiratory tract involvement in children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, its role in follow-up assessments is still unclear. To describe LUS findings in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a prospective study in a population of pediatric patients referred to the post-COVID unit in a tertiary center during the study period from February 2021 to May 2022. Children were classified as recovered from acute infection or with persisting symptoms. LUS was performed in all children and a LUS score (ranging from 0 to 36 points) was calculated according to the Italian Academy of Thoracic Ultrasound. Six hundred forty-seven children (304 females, 47%) were enrolled. The median follow-up evaluation was two months. The median age was 7.9 (IQR: 6) years. At the follow-up evaluation, 251 patients (38.8%) had persistent symptoms, of whom 104 (16.1%) had at least one respiratory symptom. The median LUS level was 2 (IQR: 4). LUS findings and LUS scores did not differ in children with Long COVID compared to the group of children fully recovered from the initial infection. In conclusion, after SARS-CoV-2 infection, LUS was mostly normal or showed minimal artifacts in all groups of children.
Published: 2023

38. Doctors’ shortage in adults COVID-19 units: a call for pediatricians

Author: Cristina De Rose, Danilo Buonsenso, and Luca Pierantoni
Subjects: Adult, China, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Short Communication, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Economic shortage, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physicians, 030225 pediatrics, Adults units, Health care, Doctors’ shortage, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Pediatricians, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Children, Parallels, Pediatric practice, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Coronavirus, Clinical Practice, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medical emergency, business
Abstract: Since its first description in China, SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading all over the world causing millions of 31 infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. The massive raise of cases all over the world even during the current second wave is leading to unprecedented pressures on healthcare services. Growing evidence is highlighting that COVID-19 is a systemic condition that requires doctors with multiple expertise. Paediatricians are trained in these skills. Considering the issue of staff shortage that is facing every country in the world, and the complexity of COVID-19, pediatricians may represent an important source of ready and skilled specialists that can quickly translate the pediatric practice in the COVID-19 care. In conclusion, we highlight through our experience several parallels between the pediatric clinical practice and clinical conditions described in patients with COVID-19 as well as the diagnostic tools and the measures taken in 39 patients with COVID-19. What is Known: • The massive raise of cases all over the world is leading to unprecedented pressures on healthcare services. • Growing evidence is highlighting that COVID-19 is a systemic condition that requires doctors with multiple expertise. What is New: • Pediatricians are trained daily in these skills. • Considering the issue of staff shortage that is facing every country in the world, and the complexity of COVID-19, pediatricians may represent an important source of ready and skilled specialists that can quickly translate the pediatric practice in the COVID-19 care.
Published: 2021

39. Basedow-Graves’ disease in a pediatric patient with Sticlker syndrome, a new endocrine finding to improve personalized treatment

Author: Daniela Ricci, Chiara Leoni, Clelia Cipolla, Cristina De Rose, Giuseppe Zampino, Roberta Onesimo, Silvia Della Casa, and Annabella Salerni
Subjects: Connective Tissue Disorder, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Hearing Loss, Sensorineural, Graves' disease, Personalized treatment, Case Report, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antithyroid Agents, 030225 pediatrics, Autoimmune disease, medicine, Humans, Stickler syndrome, Precision Medicine, Connective Tissue Diseases, Pediatric disability, Methimazole, business.industry, Arthritis, Retinal Detachment, lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, medicine.disease, Nutritional assessment, Graves Disease, eye diseases, Pediatric patient, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, Child, Preschool, Female, Endocrine finding, Basedow-Graves’s disease, business
Abstract: Background Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder with predominantly autosomal dominant inheritance, with ocular, auditory and joint involvement. Thyroid dysfunction was not described as part of alterations in Stickler syndrome and in particular, the association between Stickler’s syndrome and Graves’ disease has never been previously reported in literature. Moreover, the presence of Graves’ disease is uncommon in the pediatric age (especially in children younger than 6 years old). Case presentation We report the case of a 5-years old child affected by Stickler syndrome who received the diagnosis of Graves’s disease, in absence of suggestive symptoms, during health supervision. Conclusions This is the first evidence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune pattern for Sticker syndrome. Further clinical reports are expected before suggesting the implementation of new clinical skills for Stickler syndrome, but this paper may contribute to improve personalized management of this rare disorder.
Published: 2020

40. A global systematic analysis of the occurrence, severity, and recovery pattern of long COVID in 2020 and 2021

Author: Sarah Wulf Hanson, Cristiana Abbafati, Joachim G Aerts, Ziyad Al-Aly, Charlie Ashbaugh, Tala Ballouz, Oleg Blyuss, Polina Bobkova, Gouke Bonsel, Svetlana Borzakova, Danilo Buonsenso, Denis Butnaru, Austin Carter, Helen Chu, Cristina De Rose, Mohamed Mustafa Diab, Emil Ekbom, Maha El Tantawi, Victor Fomin, Robert Frithiof, Aysylu Gamirova, Petr V Glybochko, Juanita A. Haagsma, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Erin B Hamilton, Gabrielle Harris, Majanka H Heijenbrok-Kal, Raimund Helbok, Merel E Hellemons, David Hillus, Susanne M Huijts, Michael Hultström, Waasila Jassat, Florian Kurth, Ing-Marie Larsson, Miklós Lipcsey, Chelsea Liu, Callan D Loflin, Andrei Malinovschi, Wenhui Mao, Lyudmila Mazankova, Denise McCulloch, Dominik Menges, Noushin Mohammadifard, Daniel Munblit, Nikita A Nekliudov, Osondu Ogbuoji, Ismail M Osmanov, José L. Peñalvo, Maria Skaalum Petersen, Milo A Puhan, Mujibur Rahman, Verena Rass, Nickolas Reinig, Gerard M Ribbers, Antonia Ricchiuto, Sten Rubertsson, Elmira Samitova, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Anastasia Shikhaleva, Kyle E Simpson, Dario Sinatti, Joan B Soriano, Ekaterina Spiridonova, Fridolin Steinbeis, Andrey A Svistunov, Piero Valentini, Brittney J van de Water, Rita van den Berg-Emons, Ewa Wallin, Martin Witzenrath, Yifan Wu, Hanzhang Xu, Thomas Zoller, Christopher Adolph, James Albright, Joanne O Amlag, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Bree L Bang-Jensen, Catherine Bisignano, Rachel Castellano, Emma Castro, Suman Chakrabarti, James K Collins, Xiaochen Dai, Farah Daoud, Carolyn Dapper, Amanda Deen, Bruce B Duncan, Megan Erickson, Samuel B Ewald, Alize J Ferrari, Abraham D. Flaxman, Nancy Fullman, Amiran Gamkrelidze, John R Giles, Gaorui Guo, Simon I Hay, Jiawei He, Monika Helak, Erin N Hulland, Maia Kereselidze, Kris J Krohn, Alice Lazzar-Atwood, Akiaja Lindstrom, Rafael Lozano, Beatrice Magistro, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Johan Månsson, Ana M Mantilla Herrera, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Shuhei Nomura, Maja Pasovic, David M Pigott, Robert C Reiner, Grace Reinke, Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro, Damian Francesco Santomauro, Aleksei Sholokhov, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Rebecca Walcott, Ally Walker, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Peng Zheng, Janet Prvu Bettger, Christopher JL Murray, and Theo Vos
Abstract: ImportanceWhile much of the attention on the COVID-19 pandemic was directed at the daily counts of cases and those with serious disease overwhelming health services, increasingly, reports have appeared of people who experience debilitating symptoms after the initial infection. This is popularly known as long COVID.ObjectiveTo estimate by country and territory of the number of patients affected by long COVID in 2020 and 2021, the severity of their symptoms and expected pattern of recoveryDesignWe jointly analyzed ten ongoing cohort studies in ten countries for the occurrence of three major symptom clusters of long COVID among representative COVID cases. The defining symptoms of the three clusters (fatigue, cognitive problems, and shortness of breath) are explicitly mentioned in the WHO clinical case definition. For incidence of long COVID, we adopted the minimum duration after infection of three months from the WHO case definition. We pooled data from the contributing studies, two large medical record databases in the United States, and findings from 44 published studies using a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We separately estimated occurrence and pattern of recovery in patients with milder acute infections and those hospitalized. We estimated the incidence and prevalence of long COVID globally and by country in 2020 and 2021 as well as the severity-weighted prevalence using disability weights from the Global Burden of Disease study.ResultsAnalyses are based on detailed information for 1906 community infections and 10526 hospitalized patients from the ten collaborating cohorts, three of which included children. We added published data on 37262 community infections and 9540 hospitalized patients as well as ICD-coded medical record data concerning 1.3 million infections. Globally, in 2020 and 2021, 144.7 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 54.8–312.9) people suffered from any of the three symptom clusters of long COVID. This corresponds to 3.69% (1.38–7.96) of all infections. The fatigue, respiratory, and cognitive clusters occurred in 51.0% (16.9–92.4), 60.4% (18.9–89.1), and 35.4% (9.4–75.1) of long COVID cases, respectively. Those with milder acute COVID-19 cases had a quicker estimated recovery (median duration 3.99 months [IQR 3.84–4.20]) than those admitted for the acute infection (median duration 8.84 months [IQR 8.10–9.78]). At twelve months, 15.1% (10.3–21.1) continued to experience long COVID symptoms.Conclusions and relevanceThe occurrence of debilitating ongoing symptoms of COVID-19 is common. Knowing how many people are affected, and for how long, is important to plan for rehabilitative services and support to return to social activities, places of learning, and the workplace when symptoms start to wane.Key PointsQuestionWhat are the extent and nature of the most common long COVID symptoms by country in 2020 and 2021?FindingsGlobally, 144.7 million people experienced one or more of three symptom clusters (fatigue; cognitive problems; and ongoing respiratory problems) of long COVID three months after infection, in 2020 and 2021. Most cases arose from milder infections. At 12 months after infection, 15.1% of these cases had not yet recovered.MeaningThe substantial number of people with long COVID are in need of rehabilitative care and support to transition back into the workplace or education when symptoms start to wane.
Published: 2022

41. Aspiration pneumonia in children with neurological disorders: a new indication for lung ultrasound? A case series

Author: Danilo Buonsenso, Rosa Morello, Cristina De Rose, Ilaria Lazzareschi, and Piero Valentini
Subjects: Adult, Aspiration pneumonia, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Case Report, Pneumonia, Aspiration, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Radiomics, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Severe disability, Lung, Children, Ultrasonography, Lung ultrasound, business.industry, Ultrasound, Pneumonia, Pulmonary, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Personalized medicine, respiratory tract diseases, Clinical research, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Radiological weapon, Nervous System Diseases, business
Abstract: Aspiration pneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in both adults and children that, however, is difficult to accurately diagnose. In current literature, there are no reports or clinical research study focused on the possible use of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the diagnosis and follow-up of aspiration pneumonia in children. In this case series, we describe clinical, laboratory, radiological results as well as detailed lung ultrasound findings of three children with severe disability and diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia. In these three cases, albeit at different times, LUS played an important role in both the initial diagnostic process and follow-up. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40477-020-00520-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2020

42. Children and COVID‐19: Microbiological and immunological insights

Author: Cristina De Rose, Davide Pata, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Giovanni Delogu, Michela Sali, Danilo Buonsenso, and Piero Valentini
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), viruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), World health, Environmental health, Pandemic, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Child, skin and connective tissue diseases, China, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Microbiota, fungi, COVID-19, respiratory tract diseases, body regions, Carrier State, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business, Pediatric population
Abstract: Since its first description in China, Sars-CoV-2 has spread worldwide being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. More than 10.3 million people have been infected and more than 506.000 people died. However, Sars-CoV-2 had a lower impact on the pediatric population. Only about 1-2% of infected people are children and few deaths under the age of 14 are described so far. In this article, we discuss microbiological and immunological characteristics of Sars-CoV-2 infection in children highlighting main differences from adult Sars-CoV-2 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2020

43. Lung Ultrasound Pattern in Healthy Infants During the First 6 Months of Life

Author: Cristina De Rose, Danilo Buonsenso, Gino Soldati, Piero Valentini, Antonietta Curatola, Maria Eugenia Vacca, Rosa Morello, Anna Maria Musolino, and Ilaria Lazzareschi
Subjects: Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Gestational Age, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, B-lines, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, Respiratory system, Child, Lung, Ultrasonography, lung ultrasound, Pediatric practice, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Gestational age, Confidence interval, healthy infants, Lung ultrasound, medicine.anatomical_structure, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, Effusion, Pleura, Observational study, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVES Lung ultrasound (LUS) has gained a primary role in the diagnosis and management of pleuropulmonary disorders in pediatric practice. However, normal and pathologic patterns are translated from adult studies and have never been specifically studied in children, particularly in infants. This was a prospective observational pilot study aiming to define the normal LUS pattern in healthy infants during the first 6 months of life. METHODS We recruited healthy neonates at 7 to 10 days of life, and these were followed until the sixth month of life (times: 7-10 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months). We excluded neonates with a gestational age before 33 weeks and neonates with cardiac or lung abnormalities or diseases, immune deficiencies, metabolic or genetic conditions, and acute or chronic respiratory diseases. A LUS evaluation was performed by a single certified pediatrician. The chest wall was examined in 18 areas, addressing A-lines, short and long B-lines, pleural abnormalities, and subpleural consolidations. RESULTS Thirty-seven neonates were enrolled and followed until the sixth month of life, 27 (73%) of whom were born at term (≥37 weeks) and 10 (27%) of whom were born preterm (33-36 weeks). Most of the patients at 7 to 10 days showed multiple B-lines (long and short) with a progressive normalization toward a normal A pattern at 6 months (P
Published: 2020

44. Lung ultrasound to detect cardiopulmonary interactions in acutely ill children

Author: Annamaria Musolino, Piero Valentini, Danilo Buonsenso, Cristina De Rose, Rosa Morello, and Valentina Ferro
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Lung Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Pulmonary Edema, Disease, Sepsis, children, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, acutely ill children, Child, Lung, lung ultrasound, Ultrasonography, Respiratory tract infections, cardiopulmonary interactions, business.industry, Ultrasound, Infant, medicine.disease, Lung ultrasound, medicine.anatomical_structure, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pleura, Observational study, business, pro-BNP
Abstract: Objective and design Our prospective observational study is the first study that evaluates the LUS findings of cardiopulmonary interactions in acutely ill children with elevated pro-BNP levels, with the aim of establishing the specific LUS pattern in this category of patients without primary lung diseases. Methodology We prospectively analyzed epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, instrumental and lung ultrasound parameters in acutely ill children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to the Department of Pediatrics between March 2020 to August 2020.Among the acutely ill patients evaluated, only patients with pro-BNP> 300 pg / ml and who underwent LUS before the start of any treatment were included. They were stratified into three sub-categories based on the diagnosis A) cardiac disease, B) systemic inflammatory disease / sepsis without functional and / or organic alterations of the myocardium and C) systemic inflammatory disease / sepsis and cardiac disease, and were classified into two groups based on the level of pro-BNP. We also enrolled patients belonging to two other categories (patients with primary infectious lung disease and completely healthy patients) analyzing their epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, instrumental parameters and lung ultrasound findings and comparing them with those of acutely ill children. Results and conclusion We found that LUS findings in these acutely ill children are different from the ultrasound pattern of other categories of children and in particular 1) children with acute lower respiratory tract infections and 2) healthy infants. The finding in a child of a sonographic interstitial syndrome with multiple, bright, long, separate and non-confluent B-lines / long vertical artefacts deriving from a normal and regular pleural line, in the absence of subpleural consolidations, is strongly predictive of cardiogenic pulmonary edema or pulmonary congestion in the course of systemic inflammatory disease / sepsis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2022

45. Potential Application of Lung Ultrasound in Children with Severe Uncontrolled Asthma: Preliminary Hypothesis Based on a Case Series

Author: Stefano Miceli Sopo, Daniele G Biasucci, Rosa Morello, Danilo Buonsenso, Piero Valentini, and Cristina De Rose
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, pediatrics, business.industry, LUS, General Engineering, personalized medicine, asthma, medicine.disease, Lung ultrasound, Uncontrolled asthma, respiratory tract diseases, children, immune system diseases, Settore MED/41, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Personalized medicine, Intensive care medicine, business, Asthma, lung ultrasound, General Environmental Science
Abstract: In recent years, lung ultrasound (LUS) has been increasingly used for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in both adult and pediatric patients. However, asthma is a field in which the use of LUS is not yet well defined, or is in development. In the following case series, we describe clinical, laboratory, and radiological results, as well as detailed lung ultrasound findings of six children with asthma: some of them with acute asthma attack and with inadequately controlled allergic asthma or childhood asthma; others with acute asthma and allergic or infantile asthma adequately controlled by preventive therapy. Finally, we describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters of a child with severe allergic asthma in the absence of exacerbation. In these cases, albeit at different times, LUS played an important role in both the initial diagnostic process and follow-up. It also showed different ultrasound features depending on the severity of the individual asthma based on the type of asthmatic phenotype and control of it.
Published: 2021

46. From bed-side to web-side, Advanced-Telemedicine platform for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Author: David korn, Beatrice Berti, Andrea Cambieri, giovanni scambia, paolo sergi, emilio meneschincheri, daniela leone, maria carmela pera, concetta palermo, Danilo Buonsenso, Roberta Onesimo, Cristina De Rose, Marika Pane, and Eugenio Mercuri
Abstract: We aimed to assess feasibility, accuracy, satisfaction of an advanced-telemedicine (A-TM) platform designed for remote physical evaluation, especially focused on lung auscultation, in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients. Children affected by type 1 and 2 SMA, typically present generalized weakness, scoliosis, chest deformities the leading cause of progressive respiratory insufficiency and recurrent hospitalization. Covid-19 stimulated efforts to adopt innovative digital health solutions especially when caring for people living with disabilities. Because of chest asymmetry and scoliosis, SMA patients are not always the ideal candidates for telemedicine tools that have proved to be useful in the general population. 23 children affected by SMA (15 type 1 and 8 type 2) with different degree of scoliosis and chest asymmetry. Prospective study: We localized optimal thoracic auscultatory landmarks with traditional stethoscope and lung ultrasound for each child. Carers were trained to record complete lung auscultation independently and share data with our physicians via A-TM platform. After the first remote exam, carers videorecorded their experience (satisfaction). Our physicians blindly rated the audio files shared via A-TM which were compared to traditional auscultation findings for each child. to assess. Overall feasibility and accuracy of carers-performed remote physical evaluation. Our study showed that remotely performed lung auscultation was possible in all type 1 and 2 SMA children but adaptations to find optimal landmarks were needed in cases with asymmetrical or rotated chest and trunk. A-TM tools may simplify access to care, reduce logistic/economic burden for families, improve communication, safety and disease management while limiting infection exposure.
Published: 2021

47. Children experienced new or worsening tic issues when they were separated from their parents during the Italian COVID‐19 lockdown

Author: Paolo Mariotti, Danilo Buonsenso, and Cristina De Rose
Subjects: Male, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), A Different View, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), MEDLINE, 03 medical and health sciences, Child Development, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Humans, Medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Psychiatry, business.industry, COVID-19, General Medicine, Mental health, Italy, Child, Preschool, Communicable Disease Control, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Tics, Female, business
Abstract: Decades of research have confirmed that children develop best when they are in safe, supportive, nurturing relationships (1). Positive relationships with parents are essential for children's growth, health and wellbeing (1,2), as they protect them and help them to regulate their emotions during stressful times. If children are unnecessarily and traumatically removed from their parents, their physical and mental health and wellbeing will suffer (1,2).
Published: 2020

48. Utility and Limits of Lung Ultrasound in Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Lessons from a Case Series and Literature Review

Author: Rosa Morello, Cristina De Rose, Vittoria Ferrari, Piero Valentini, Anna Maria Musolino, Daniele Guerino Biasucci, Luigi Vetrugno, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: Settore MED/41, General Medicine
Abstract: Childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis is often a challenge that requires a combination of history, clinical, radiological, immunological and microbiological findings. Radiological diagnosis is based today on the use of chest X-ray and chest CT that, in addition to being radio-invasive tools for children, are often not available in countries with low-resources. A non-invasive, easily usable and reproducible, low-cost diagnostic tool as LUS would therefore be useful to use to support the diagnosis of childhood PTB. Data on the use of LUS for the diagnosis and follow-up of childhood PTB are limited and in some respects contradictory. To help better define the potential role of LUS we have described the pros and cons of lung ultrasound method through a brief review of the studies in the literature and reporting some case series in which we describe clinical, laboratory, radiological results as well as detailed lung ultrasound findings of four children/adolescents with PTB.
Published: 2022

49. Hospital child social work interventions increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and socioeconomic distress was the main cause

Author: Antonio Chiaretti, Cristina De Rose, Piero Valentini, Danilo Buonsenso, Desirèe Longo, Rossana Moroni, and Francesca Giansante
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Social Work, Social work, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Brief Report, Psychological intervention, COVID-19, General Medicine, Hospitals, Distress, Socioeconomic Factors, Environmental health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pandemic, Medicine, Humans, Brief Reports, business, Child, Socioeconomic status, Pandemics
Published: 2021

50. Long COVID in children: Partnerships between families and paediatricians are a priority for better care

Author: Jacopo Vergari, Cosimo Fusco, Piero Valentini, Cristina De Rose, and Danilo Buonsenso
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), MEDLINE, COVID-19, Patient's Voice, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Family medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Humans, Pediatricians, business, Child
Published: 2021

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