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The selection indexes aggregate information to multiple characters and, with this, they are able to carry out the selection of a set of variables simultaneously. The objective was to verify the genetic potential of agronomic traits and to select soybean F3:4 progenies based on different selection strategies. 123 progenies and the parents were sown in randomized blocks with two replications. The gains of direct selection by the indexes, the sum of “ranks” and the genotype-ideotype were lower for all characters when compared to the gains of direct and indirect selection. The rank sum index stood out for achieving the highest total gain with 37.11%. The index of the genotype-ideotype obtained a lower gain (-0.48%) for the character number of days for flowering compared to the sum index of “ranks” (-0.54%) and reached a negative gain for the attribute insertion height of the first pod with -1.82%. The genetic potential of the F3:4 population is high and allows different selection strategies to be applied to reach superior genotypes. The progenies UFU 72, UFU 116, UFU 86, UFU 45, UFU 117, UFU 56, UFU 5, UFU 106, UFU 6, UFU 4, UFU 73, UFU 101, UFU 96, UFU 90, UFU 123, UFU 116, UFU 88, UFU 65, UFU 70, UFU 3, UFU 69 and UFU 37 were selected by both selection indexes. The UFU 72, UFU 90, UFU 88 and UFU 69 progenies are agronomically superior both in direct and indirect selection, as in Mulamba and Mock (1978) sum of “ranks” selections and genotype-ideotype. RESUMO Os índices de seleção agregam informações de múltiplos caracteres e, com isto, conseguem realizar a seleção simultaneamente de um conjunto de variáveis. Objetivou-se verificar o potencial genético de caracteres agronômicos e selecionar progênies F3:4 de soja com base em diferentes estratégias de seleção. Foram semeadas 123 progênies e os genitores, em blocos casualizados com duas repetições. Os ganhos de seleção direta pelos índices, soma de “ranks” e do genótipo-ideótipo, foram inferiores para todos os caracteres quando, comparados aos ganhos da seleção direta e indireta. O índice de soma de ranks se destacou por alcançar o maior ganho total com 37,11%. O índice do genótipo-ideótipo obteve menor ganho (-0,48%) para o caráter número de dias para o florescimento comparado ao índice de soma de “ranks” (-0,54%) e, alcançou ganho negativo para o atributo altura de inserção da primeira vagem com -1,82%. O potencial genético da população F3:4 é elevado e permite aplicar distintas estratégias de seleção no alcance de genótipos superiores. As progênies UFU 72, UFU 116, UFU 86, UFU 45, UFU 117, UFU 56, UFU 5, UFU 106, UFU 6, UFU 4, UFU 73, UFU 101, UFU 96, UFU 90, UFU 123, UFU 116, UFU 88, UFU 65, UFU 70, UFU 3, UFU 69 e UFU 37 foram selecionadas por ambos índices de seleção. As progênies UFU 72, UFU 90, UFU 88 e UFU 69 são agronomicamente superiores tanto na seleção direta e indireta, quanto nos índices de seleção de soma de “ranks” de Mulamba and Mock (1978) e do genótipo-ideótipo.

Este trabalho apresenta as características de utilização de algoritmos genéticos na construção de Grade Horária para instituições de ensino. Procurou-se mostrar a complexidade dos problemas encontrados para a definição de uma solução de boa qualidade, na elaboração de Grade Horária, haja visto que existem múltiplos objetivos, múltiplas restrições e um número grande de variáveis a serem ponderados. Em decorrência da complexidade da resolução de problemas deste tipo, considera-se que algoritmos genéticos sejam apropriados para utilização na automatização do processo. Apesar de existirem restrições que são comuns a qualquer instituição de ensino, existe um grande número de restrições que são específicas de cada instituição e este tipo de restrição pode dificultar o processo de geração de um sistema de elaboração de grade horária de propósito geral. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma representação genética para o problema de geração de horário de uma instituição, levando em consideração a limitação dos recursos, com base em suas informações, utilizando Algoritmos Genéticos para alcançar uma solução viável, tratando de um caso específico de escalonamento: Grade Horária Escolar, estabelecidas as exigências oriundas da instituição de ensino FEELT - Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - MG. As técnicas implementadas em conjunto favorecem a obtenção de uma solução desejada para o problema, e em relação à aplicação baseada no estudo de caso, pode-se concluir que a abordagem implementada tem um resultado satisfatório, podendo serutilizada em instituições de ensino que possuam restrições e problemas com a satisfação do corpo docente em relação a grade horária a ser estabelecida. Como principal contribuição deste trabalho, pode ser mencionado o estudo e aplicação de técnicas de computação evolutiva (Algoritmos Genéticos) em conjunto com o problema de restrições para a solução da dificuldade de alocação de professores em horários, tratando de um caso específico de escalonamento onde foram estabelecidas as exigências oriundas da instituição de ensino FEELT - Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - MG. This study presents the characteristics of using genetic algorithms on the elaboration of Class Schedules for education institutions. The complexity of the problems found to define a good quality solution, in the elaboration of the Class schedule was demonstrated was demonstrated, since there are multiple objectives, multiple restrictions, and a large number of variables to be weighted. Due to the resolution complexity of this kind of problem, it is considered that genetic algorithms are appropriate for use in process automation. Although there are restrictions common to any education institution, there is a large number of restrictions specific for each institution, and this kind of restriction can impose difficulties to the generation process of a general purpose class schedule establishment. The objective of this study was to develop a genetic representation for the problem of creating a class schedule for a given institution, considering resources limitation, based on its information, and using Genetic Algorithms to reach a viable solution, where there was a specific case of staggering: Class Schedule, after the requirements of the education institution were established, FEELT -Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - MG. The techniques jointly used allowed the achievement of a desired solution for the problem, and as far as the application base don a case study, it can be concluded that the approach used has an acceptable result, which can be used in education institutions that have restrictions and problems with faculty acceptance in the relation to the class schedule to be established. As amajor contribution of this work, the study and application of evolutive computing techniques (Genetic Algorithms) in conjunction wiíh the restriction problems can be mentioned for the solution of the diffículty in fínding schedules for the faculty, when there is a specifíc case of staggeríng and the requirements were established by the education institution FEELT -Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica da UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - MG. Dissertação (Mestrado)

Soybeans are a grain-producing species of high international demand and occupy a prominent position in the Brazilian economy. The success of this crop in Brazil is due to public and private investments in production technologies and to breeding programs. It is through the seed that the genetic advances reach the producer. In this context, the success of a cultivar and high productivity depend on the quality of the seed. In view of the above, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean cultivar seeds at different harvesting times. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area located at Fazenda Capim Branco, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the 2016/2017 harvest. Ten soybean cultivars were evaluated (CD 2737 RR, UFUS 7415, UFUS 7910, UFUS Milionária, UFUS 7801, NA 5909 RG, UFUS 8301, TMG 7062 IPRO, UFUS Xavante and UFUS 6901) at four harvest times (R7, R8, R8+15, R8+30), constituting a 10 x 4 factorial. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. For the evaluation of the physiological quality, germination, electrical conductivity and fresh matter and dry matter of seedlings tests were performed. In all tests the physiological quality of the seeds decreased with the harvest delay. Emphasis was placed on the cultivar NA 5909 RG, which showed the best means to delay the harvest in 15 and 30 days. A soja é uma espécie produtora de grãos de alta demanda internacional e ocupa posição de destaque na economia brasileira. O sucesso dessa cultura no Brasil se deve aos investimentos públicos e privados em tecnologias de produção e aos programas de melhoramento genético. É por meio da semente que os avanços genéticos chegam até o produtor. Nesse contexto, o sucesso de uma cultivar e altas produtividades dependem da qualidade da semente. Diante do exposto, os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de soja em diferentes épocas de colheita. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área experimental localizada na Fazenda Capim Branco, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, na safra 2016/2017. Avaliaram-se dez cultivares de soja (CD 2737 RR, UFUS 7415, UFUS 7910, UFUS Milionária, UFUS 7801, NA 5909 RG, UFUS 8301, TMG 7062 IPRO, UFUS Xavante e UFUS 6901) em quatro épocas de colheita (R7, R8, R8+15, R8+30), constituindo um fatorial 10 x 4. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. Para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica foram realizados os testes germinação, condutividade elétrica, matéria fresca e seca de plântulas. Em todos os testes realizados a qualidade fisiológica das sementes diminuiu com o retardamento de colheita. Destaque para a cultivar NA 5909 RG, que apresentou as melhores médias ao retardar a colheita em 15 e 30 dias.

The soybean presents great economic expression and high impact in the Brazilian agribusiness. The productive potential of a cultivar is expressed according to the genetic constitution and the environment. The sowing time exerts influence on the agronomic traits of the soybean, impacting the yield of grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the sowing season on the productive potential and the agronomic traits of soybean. The work was conducted at the Capim Branco experimental farm, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia. Twelve cultivars (UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415, BRSMG 68, TMG 801, TMG 7062 IPRO, TMG 2158 IPRO, BRS 7270 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, NS 6909 RR, CD 2737 RR, P98Y30 RR e BRASMAX Desafio RR) and four sowing seasons (October 22, November 5, December 22, 2016 and January 5, 2017) were used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates. The evaluated characters were: number of days for flowering and maturity, plant height at maturity, insertion height for the first pod, number of nodes at maturity, total number of pods, number of tainted pods and productivity. The sowing carried out in October and November contributed to obtain a larger number of nodes and a greater height of plants at maturity, which are agronomic traits favorable to higher productivity. Sowing delay seriously affected soybean yield and in the Uberlândia MG region the ideal sowing time was October 22, before the beginning of November. In the late sowing in December and January, the cultivars that had their productions less affected were the conventional cultivars BRSMG 68 and TMG 801. A soja apresenta grande expressão econômica e alto impacto no agronegócio brasileiro. O potencial produtivo de uma cultivar é expresso de acordo com a constituição genética e o ambiente. A época de semeadura exerce influência sobre os caracteres agronômicos da soja, impactando no rendimento de grãos. O objetivo deste estudo, avaliar a influência da época de semeadura sobre o potencial produtivo e caracteres agronômicos de soja. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda experimental Capim Branco, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Foram utilizadas 12 cultivares (UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415, BRSMG 68, TMG 801, TMG 7062 IPRO, TMG 2158 IPRO, BRS 7270 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, NS 6909 RR, CD 2737 RR, P98Y30 RR e BRASMAX Desafio RR) e quatro épocas de semeadura (22 de outubro, 05 de novembro, 22 de dezembro de 2016 e 05 de janeiro de 2017). Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: número de dias para o florescimento e maturidade, altura da planta na maturidade, número de nós na maturidade, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número total de vagens, número de vagens chochas e produtividade. As semeaduras realizadas em outubro e novembro contribuíram para a obtenção de maior número de nós e maior altura de plantas na maturidade, que são caracteres agronômicos favoráveis à maiores produtividades. O atraso na semeadura afetou seriamente a produção de soja na região de Uberlândia MG e a época de semeadura ideal foi em 22 de outubro, antes do início de novembro. Nas semeaduras tardias dezembro e janeiro, as cultivares que tiveram suas produtividades menos afetadas foram as cultivares convencionais BRSMG 68 e TMG 801.

Soy is one of the main cultivated species in the world with great economic expression and high impact on Brazilian agribusiness. The productive potential is expressed due to the genetic constitution of the cultivar and the environment in which it is exposed. The market demands for bean production require the ideal handling of the culture in order to optimize the yield potential of the plant. In this context, the handling of the culture is essential to achieve success when cultivating soy. Plant population influences the agronomic characters and consequently in the grain yield. Thus, this factor needs particular studies for each cultivar. The objective in this study was evaluating the influence of the plant population on the productive potential and agronomic characters in soy, in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais. The experiment was performed in Capim Branco Farm, which belongs to the Federal University of Uberlandia. The study was composed by 15 treatments in a 3x5 factorial scheme, constituted by three cultivars (UFUS 7415, UFUS 7401 and UFUS 6901) and five plant populations (200, 240, 280, 320 and 360 thousand plants ha-1). It was adopted the experimental outlining of randomized complete blocks, with five repetitions. The evaluated characters were: number of days to flowering and maturity (NDF and NDM), plant height at flowering and maturity (APF and APM), number of nodes at flowering and maturity (NNF and NNM), insertion height for the first pod (APV), total number of pods (NVT), thousand grain weight (P1000G) and productivity (PROD). It was noted that plant population didn’t interfere in the soy cycle, number of nodes and thousand grain weight. The cultivars UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415 and UFUS 7401 presented better yields in populations of 240, 280 and 320 thousand plants ha-1 respectively. A soja é uma das principais espécies cultivadas no mundo, com grande expressão econômica e alto impacto no agronegócio brasileiro. O potencial produtivo é expresso devido à constituição genética da cultivar e ao ambiente em que está exposta. As demandas do mercado para a produção do grão requerem o manuseio ideal da cultura, a fim de otimizar o potencial de rendimento da planta. Nesse contexto, o manejo da cultura é essencial para obter sucesso no cultivo da soja. A população de plantas influencia os caracteres agronômicos e, consequentemente, no rendimento de grãos. Assim, esse fator necessita de estudos específicos para cada cultivar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da população de plantas no potencial produtivo e nos caracteres agronômicos da soja, em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Capim Branco, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. O estudo foi composto por 15 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3x5, constituído por três cultivares (UFUS 7415, UFUS 7401 e UFUS 6901) e cinco populações de plantas (200, 240, 280, 320 e 360 ​​mil plantas ha-1). Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: número de dias para o florescimento e maturidade (NDF e NDM), altura da planta no florescimento e maturidade (APF e APM), número de nós no florescimento e maturidade (NNF e NNM), altura de inserção da primeira vagem (APV), número total de vagens (NVT), peso de mil grãos (P1000G) e produtividade (PROD). Observou-se que a população de plantas não interferiu no ciclo da soja, número de nós e peso de mil grãos. As cultivares UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415 e UFUS 7401 apresentaram melhores rendimentos nas populações de 240, 280 e 320 mil plantas ha-1, respectivamente.

The development of soybean cultivars resistant to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (also known as Asian Soybean Rust (ASR)) may be achieved through genetic breeding. In the stage of selecting the resistant genotypes, one factor that can be used is to observe visually the severity of the rust symptoms upon leaflets of sampled soybean plants. By being able to quantify the exact amounts of regions with chlorosis, necrosis, and unaffected of each sample an automatic method is developed to grade rust severity and to classify the samples accordingly. The proposed approach uses input images of soybean leaflets, in a range from healthy to different levels of ASR severity, sampled from controlled experiments in a farm in southeast Brazil. Images are then processed by channel transformation (RGB to CIELab), channel distribution analysis, and a clustering algorithm in order to segment the regions in three main areas. Those regions represent the main visual symptoms of the ASR severity, but still with ill-defined transitions between them. A post-processing superpixel algorithm is leveraged upon those results to arrive at a first rust intervals classification. A necrosis’ neighborhood analysis is proposed to compute the intermediate areas and to include them in a final rust index. Results are given upon four different experiments: 1) 200 acquired image samples taken directly from the field; 2) 67 detached leaflets at different evolved periods of infection; 3) 50 images from a previous open database, and 4) 10 images with the standards for diagrammatic scales. By grading rust severity, and separating chlorosis, and necrosis indexes this solution contributes to efforts in managing ASR in crops, and in breeding programs.

The major diseases limiting soybean growth and yield must be either controlled or mitigated. Among these, soybean rust is the most harmful; in addition, Phakopsora pachyrhizi populations less susceptible to both IDM and IQe fungicides were observed. Therefore, this invention aimed at developing a new soybean cultivar rust resistant and highly productive. Generations were advanced by single seed descent method on the Capim Branco farm, Federal University of Uberlândia. Value for Cultivation and Use were carried out during a 3-year period (2010/13) in several locations, and Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability experiments for a 2-year period (2011/13) on the Capim Branco farm. Hence, we developed the novel soybean cultivar designated UFUS 7415. UFUS 7415 has shown high contents of oil (20%) and protein (40%), and high yield potential (4.300 kg ha-1) even in environments with Asian rust.

In recent decades, the expansion of soybean production in Brazil has been observed. This advance was motivated by the search of environments with better cultivation conditions, as well as the development of genotypes with wide adaptation. The diversity of "environments" hinders the process of selection and recommendation of cultivars, since the productive potential of a cultivar is given as a function of the sum of the genotype effect, the environment and the interaction between the latter two (G x E). In the case of this G x E interaction, regional studies are necessary in order to detail the differential behavior of the cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the genotype interaction by environments, adaptability and phenotypic stability for grain yield, of fifteen soybean cultivars, in four sowing seasons, in order to identify cultivars that combine high productive potential, predictability of behavior and adaptation to the edaphoclimatic conditions of Uberlândia-MG. The trials were conducted at the Experimental Farm Capim Branco, in Uberlândia-MG. Fifteen soybean cultivars were evaluated in four sowing seasons (October 23, 2016, November 19, 2016, December 10, 2016 and January 14, 2017), in relation to grain yield. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks, with three replications, in each season. Data were submitted to individual and joint analyzes. The G x E interaction was decomposed by the method proposed by Cruz and Castoldi (1991). The differential behavior of the genotypes was detailed by the adaptability and phenotypic stability by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998), AMMI and Centroid. By the analysis of joint variance, it was observed the existence of the cultivar interaction by sowing times (C x E), for the grain yield trait, at the 5 % probability level by the F test. The C x E was predominantly complex in nature. The cultivar CD 2737 RR presented satisfactory results for the four sowing seasons in Uberlândia-MG, with high grain yield and predictability of behavior, by the evaluated methods. The cultivar NS 6909 IPRO was classified into favorable environments by the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966) and Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998). Considering Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998) and Centroid the cultivar that is also classified for this cultivation condition is UFUS 8301. By AMMI, UFUS 7415, CD 2737 RR and UFUS Milionária are considered stable and adaptable. : Nas últimas décadas, observou-se a expansão da produção agrícola de soja no Brasil. Esse avanço foi motivado pela busca de ambientes com melhores condições de cultivo, bem como o desenvolvimento de genótipos com ampla adaptação. A diversidade de “ambientes” dificulta o processo de seleção e recomendação de cultivares, pois o potencial produtivo de uma cultivar é dado em função da somatória do efeito genotípico, do ambiente e da interação entre ambos (G x A). Caso haja essa interação G x A, fazem-se necessários estudos regionalizados a fim de pormenorizar o comportamento diferencial das cultivares. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação genótipos por ambientes, adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para produtividade de grãos de 15 cultivares de soja, em quatro épocas de semeadura, de modo a identificar cultivares que aliam alto potencial produtivo, previsibilidade de comportamento e adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas de Uberlândia-MG. Os ensaios foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Capim Branco, em Uberlândia-MG. Foram avaliadas 15 cultivares de soja, em quatro épocas de semeadura (23 de outubro de 2016, 19 de novembro de 2016, 10 de dezembro de 2016 e 14 de janeiro de 2017), quanto a produtividade de grãos. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições, em cada época. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análises individuais e conjunta. A interação G x A foi decomposta pelo método proposto por Cruz e Castoldi (1991). O comportamento diferencial dos genótipos foi pormenorizado pela adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica dos métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966), Lin e Binns (1988) modificado por Carneiro (1998), AMMI e Centróide. Por meio da análise de variância conjunta observou-se a existência da interação cultivares por épocas de semeadura (C x E), para o caráter produtividade de grãos, ao nível de 5 % de probabilidade pelo teste F. Quanto a natureza C x E foi predominante complexa. A cultivar CD 2737 RR apresentou resultados satisfatórios para as quatro épocas de semeadura em Uberlândia-MG, com alta produtividade de grãos e previsibilidade de comportamento, pelos métodos avaliados. A cultivar NS 6909 IPRO foi classificada para ambientes favoráveis, pelos métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966) e Lin e Binns (1988), modificado por Carneiro (1998). Considerando Lin e Binns (1988), modificado por Carneiro (1998), e Centróide a cultivar que é classificada também para essa condição de cultivo é UFUS 8301. Pelo o AMMI, UFUS 7415, CD 2737 RR e UFUS Milionária são tidas como estáveis e de ampla adaptação.

This paper aims to present the features of the new soybean cultivar UFUS Milionária, which was developed by the Soybean Improvement Program of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) through crossing between IAC-100 and Cristalina RCH cultivars, using the Single Seed Descent (SSD) method. UFUS Milionária is resistant to many diseases caused by the fungus, bacteria, and virus. In addition, it also has been proved well-adapted to many Brazilian states, showing high yield even under water deficit conditions and Asian-rust infection; average yield was 4,451 kg ha-1 in 2015/16 growing season.

The genetic breeding of soybean aims to obtain productive genotypes, so it is necessary that the genetic components, environment and the interaction between them be understood. The G x E interaction is the differential behavior of the genotypes against environmental. The objective was to study the G x E interaction and analyze the adaptability and stability of soybean genotypes under natural rust infection without fungicide. The experiment was conducted in the Genetic Breeding Program of the Federal University of Uberlândia. Fourteen soybean genotypes were evaluated, with 10 lines developed by the UFU Program (UFUS1117: 01, 02, 03, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10 and 11) and 4 cultivars: UFUS 7415, UFUS Riqueza, TMG 801 and BRSGO 7560 in four seasons: 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16 and 2016/17, in a randomized complete block design. The G x E interaction was complex and the H2 was 85.97% indicating superiority of genetic variation in relation to the environment. The average grain yield was 2284.13kg ha-1. The genotype UFUS 1117-01 was identified by Eberhart and Russel, Wricke, AMMI 2 and Centroid as being a highly productive stability genotype. The UFUS 1117-07 showed high stability by Eberhart and Russel, Wricke, Lin and Binns modified by Carneiro methods and wide adaptability by Eberhart and Russel and Centroid. The genotype UFUS 1117-09 was identified as being adaptable to unfavorable environments by the Lin and Binns modified by Carneiro and Centroid methods, and UFUS 1117-10 presented favorable environmental adaptability by the Centroid method and high stability by Eberhart and Russel. O melhoramento genético da soja visa à obtenção de genótipos produtivos, então é necessário que os componentes genéticos, ambientais e a interação entre eles sejam compreendidos. A interação G x A é o comportamento diferencial dos genótipos frente às variações ambientais. O objetivo foi estudar a interação G x A e analisar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de soja sob infecção natural por ferrugem, sem fungicida. O experimento foi conduzido no Programa de Melhoramento Genético da UFU. Quatorze genótipos de soja foram avaliados, sendo 10 linhagens desenvolvidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Soja da UFU (UFUS 1117-01, UFUS 1117-02, UFUS 1117-03, UFUS 1117-05, UFUS 1117-06, UFUS 1117-07, UFUS 1117-08, UFUS 1117-09, UFUS 1117-10 e UFUS 1117-11) e 4 cultivares ( UFUS 7415, UFUS Riqueza, TMG 801 e BRSGO 7560), em quatro safras: 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16 e 2016/17, em delineamento de blocos casualizados. A interação G x A foi significativa e complexa e o H2 foi de 85,97% indicando superioridade da variação genética em relação a ambiental. A média de produtividade de grãosfoi 2284,13kg ha-1. O genótipo UFUS 1117-01 foi identificado pelas metodologias de Eberhart e Russel, Wricke, AMMI 2 e Centroide como sendo um genótipo de alta estabilidade produtiva. A linhagem UFUS 1117-07 apresentou alta estabilidade por Eberhart e Russel, Wricke, Lin e Bins modificado por Carneiro e ampla adaptabilidade por Eberhart e Russel e Centroide. O genótipo UFUS 1117-09 foi identificado como sendo adaptável a ambientes desfavoráveis por Lin e Bins modificado por Carneiros e Centroide, e UFUS 1117-10 apresentou adaptabilidade a ambiente favoráveis pelo método Centroide e alta estabilidade por Eberhart e Russel.

The soybean crop has a substantial importance for Brazil’s agribusiness and economy. Besides, breeding programs have contributed to the development of the crop in the country allowing grain yield increase and, at the same time, intensifying the production of new cultivars that show both yield predictability and wide adaptation. This study was aimed at evaluating the agronomic performance, adaptability, and stability of soybean genotypes in the states of Maranhao, Piaui, Tocantins, and Bahia. The genotypes were evaluated to the extent of grain yield in the municipalities of Chapadinha (MA), Balsas (MA), Bom Jesus (PI), Porto Nacional (TO), and Formoso do Rio Preto (BA) under complete randomized block design, with three repetitions. Data were submitted to joint analyses and to studies of adaptability and stability by Wricke (1965), Eberhart and Russel (1966), and Annicchiarico (1992) methods. The genotypes UFUS 504, UFU 506, UFU 508, UFU 512, UFU 514, UFU 516, UFU 518, UFU 519, UFU 520, UFU 521, UFU 523, and UFUS Imperial showed wide stability and adaptability, whereas UFU 503, UFU 505, and UFUS Impact were adapted to favorable conditions.

Knowledge of genetic diversity is of great importance to the contribution of plant breeding, as it helps plant breeders to better selecting parents for establishment of segregating populations. This knowledge is especially important to crops that presents a narrow genetic base as soybean. The objective of this work was to assess agronomic performance and genetic diversity of lines and soybean cultivars, in order to find those ones with potential to be used as parents in breeding programs. Experiment was carried out during 2015/2016 season in the Federal University of Uberlândia farm known as Capim Branco. A randomized complete block designed was applied in order to assess twenty-three morpho-agronomic features on twenty-four soybean genotypes. Significant genetic variability for all agronomic traits was found. Genotypes UFU B7, UFU B14, UFU B16, Msoy 6101 and UFUS 7910 were set as early maturity soybean, with life cycle duration ranging from 107.3 to 111 days. Genotypes UFU B1, UFU B3, UFU B8 and UFU B16 presented productivity values higher than national average of 2.870 kg ha-1. Genotypes were clustered by UPGMA, Tocher and canonical variables methods. Both UPGMA and Tocher methods formed four groups. NDF was the major contributor to genetic diversity. Hybridizations between UFU B3, UFU B8, UFU B16 genotypes with UFU B1 genotype might be promising for establishment of segregating populations shown superior genetic variability. Under these circumstances, it was concluded that agronomic features assessed were useful on detection of parents with potential to UFU's soybean breeding program. O conhecimento da diversidade genética é de grande importância para o melhoramento de plantas, pois auxiliam os melhoristas na escolha de genitores para formação de populações segregantes, especialmente na cultura da soja que é de base genética estreita. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e a diversidade genética de linhagens e cultivares de soja, com potencial de serem utilizados como genitores em programas de melhoramento genético. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área experimental localizada na Fazenda Capim Branco pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia na safra de 2015/2016. Foram avaliados 24 genótipos de soja, em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, nos quais foram avaliados 23 caracteres morfo-agronômicos. Foi verificada variabilidade genética para todos os caracteres agronômicos. Os genótipos UFU B7, UFU B14, UFU B16, Msoy 6101 e UFUS 7910 foram classificados como genótipos de ciclo precoce, com duração variando de 107,3 a 111 dias. Os genótipos UFU B1, UFU B3, UFU B8 e UFU B16 apresentaram produtividade elevadas em relação aos demais com valores superiores à média nacional, que é de 2.870 kg ha-1. Os genótipos foram agrupados pelos métodos UPGMA, Tocher e variáveis canônicas. Pelos métodos UPGMA e Tocher foram formados quatro grupos distintos. O NDF foi o caractere que mais contribuiu com a diversidade genética. Hibridações dos genótipos UFU B3, UFU B8 e UFU B16 com o genótipo UFU B1 são promissoras para obtenção de populações segregantes com variabilidade genética superior. Desse modo concluiu-se que o uso de caracteres agronômicos permitiu detectar genitores potenciais para o programa de melhoramento de soja da UFU.&nbsp

In analysis of the genetic diversity on soybean can be used agronomic, morphological and molecular traits, which are subjected to multivariate biometrical analysis. There are different multivariate methodologies available such as Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance and different hierarchical methods. However, studies that may assist in the choice of such methods are lacking. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the clustering standards of soybean genotypes using Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances, following different hierarchical methods. The experiment was conducted in "Capim Branco" farm which belongs to the Federal University of Uberlândia and were used a complete randomized block design composed of 15 soybean genotypes (nine breeding lines and six cultivars) and four replications. The agronomic traits evaluated were: number of days to flowering and to maturity, height of the plant at flowering and at maturity, height of the insertion of the first pod, number of nodes on the main stalk in flowering and at maturity, number of grains per pod, total number of pods, severity of Asian rust, number of pustules and yield. The data were submitted to multivariate analysis in GENES program. The Mahalanobis distance or the Euclidean distance obtained by agronomic traits allows the determination of soybean genetic diversity. The use of the Euclidean distance in hierarchical methods allows a greater group differentiation. The UPGMA method and the nearest neighbor method shows a greater accuracy using the Mahalanobis distance and Euclidean distance. Em estudos de diversidade genética de soja são utilizados caracteres agronômicos, morfológicos e moleculares que, por sua vez, são submetidos às análises biométricas multivariadas. Encontram-se disponíveis diferentes metodologias multivariadas, tais como as a distância Euclidiana, a distância de Mahalanobis e diferentes métodos hierárquicos. No entanto, são escassos os estudos que orientam para uma melhor escolha de tais análises em pesquisas com soja. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o padrão de agrupamento de genótipos de soja utilizando distância Euclidiana e Mahalanobis, seguindo diferentes métodos hierárquicos. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Capim Branco, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Os tratamentos consistiram de 15 genótipos de soja (nove linhagens e seis cultivares) avaliados em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se os caracteres número de dias para o florescimento e maturidade, altura da planta no florescimento e na maturidade, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número de nós na haste principal no florescimento e na maturidade, número de vagens com um, dois e três grãos, número total de vagens, produtividade de grãos, severidade da ferrugem asiática e número de pústulas. Os dados foram submetidos a análises multivariadas utilizando o Programa Genes. Tanto a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis como a distância Euclidiana, obtidas com caracteres agronômicos, permitem determinar a diversidade genética em soja. O uso da distância Euclidiana em métodos hierárquicos permite maior diferenciação de grupos. O método UPGMA e o métodos do vizinho mais próximo apresentam maior concordância no agrupamento de genótipos utilizando a distância de Mahalanobis e a distância Euclidiana.&nbsp

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) adaptation to new environments has been hard to predict based on maturity group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 14 soybean genotypes, from the Soybean Breeding Program of the Federal University of Uberlandia, in their adaptive capacity and seed yield stability at 3 locations and 2 growing seasons. For the adaptability and stability analysis the Toler and Centroid methods were used; 5 genotypic groups were identified in the first whereas 4 groups were identified in the latter. By the Toler method group A was composed by 4 genotypes, UFU-001, UFU-003, UFU-0010, and UFU-001. They showed a convex pattern of adaptability and stability. In contrast, the genotypes UFU-008 and UFU-0013 were classified in Group E with a concave pattern of adaptability and stability. Regarding results from the Centroid method, the Genotype UFU-002, with higher seed yield than average, was the only genotype in Ideotype VI with moderate adaptability to favorable environments. In contrast, 10 genotypes were included in the Ideotype V, of medium general adaptability. The genotypes UFU-001, UFU-002, UFU-006, UFU-0010, and UFU-0011 were recommended for use in the Brazilian Cerrado growing region. These genotypes had high seed yield potential in high quality environments.

Defining selection criteria is important to obtain promising genotypes in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic traits and to perform soybean line selection using selection indices. The experiment was conducted at an experimental area located at Capim Branco farm, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia. A total of 37 soybean genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replicates, in which twelve agronomic traits were evaluated. Analysis of variance, the Scott-Knott test at the 1 and 5% level of probability, and selection index analyses were performed. There was genetic variability for all agronomic traits, with medium to high levels of genotype determination coefficient. Twelve lines with a total cycle up to 110 days were observed and grouped with the cultivars MSOY 6101 and UFUS 7910. Three lines, UFUS FG 03, UFUS FG 20, and UFUS FG 31, were highlighted regarding grain yield with higher values than the national average of 3072 kg/ha. The direct selection enabled the highest trait individual gains. The Williams (1962) index and the Smith (1936) and Hazel (1943) index presented the highest selection gain for the grain yield character. The genotype-ideotype distance index and the index of the sum of ranks of Mulamba and Mock (1978) presented higher values of total selection gain. The lines UFUS FG 12, UFUS FG 14, UFUS FG 18, UFUS FG 25, and UFUS FG 31 were distinguished as superior genotypes by direct selection methods and selection indexes.

Precocious soybean cultivars enable crop rotation and low pressure to the biotic and abiotic factors. This study aimed to determinate the inheritance of characters related to precocity and agronomic characters in soybean segregating population, coming from contrasting genitors to cycle. The experiment was conducted at a greenhouse located at Capim Branco farm, belonging to Federal University of Uberlândia. The MG/BR 46 Conquista and UFUS 6901 cultivars were used to bi-parental crossing and acquirement of F1 and F2 populations. The individuals of the genitors, F1 and F2 populations were evaluated to eight characters and the phenotypic, genetic and environmental variances, broad-sense heritability, average degree of dominance and gene number were determined. The average for number of days for flowering and number of days to maturity in the F1 generation was 40.26 and 103.52 days and in the F2 generation was 37.85 and 105.88 days, respectively, which fits into the classification of semi-precocious. The heritability varied from 2.36% for number of grains per pod – controlled by 160 genes, to 85.39% for number of days for maturing – controlled by two genes. On the F2 population, the existence of transgressed segregates was found, except for number of days to maturity, number of nodes and intersection height of the first pod. It was concluded that the genetic variance and heritability of the agronomic characters of the F2 population, allows the acquirement of selection of superior individuals in terms of precocity, height, number of nodes and compounds of productivity, being promising genotypes in the soybean breeding program

The use of different evaluation methods of adaptability and stability in a breeding program is essential to obtain more accurate results of the lines that have been studied. The purpose of this research is to study the adaptability and stability of 25 soybean lines derived from the soybean breeding program, and for that, it was used parametric and non-parametric analysis at the Federal University of Uberlandia. The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design with three replications in three sowing periods (November 2006, November 2007 and November 2008) and conducted in Campo Alegre de Goias, Brazil. Thirty soybean genotypes were evaluated, including 25 late-cycle lines and five cultivars (BRS/MG Garantia, UFUS Impacta, UFUS Xavante UFUS Milionaria and M-Soy 8914) as controls). Grain productivity was determined for each block. The average yield was 3104.201 kg ha -1 . Adaptability and stability were determined using Eberhart and Russel (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) modified by Carneiro (1998) and Centroide (ROCHA, 2005) methods. The UFUS 6 and UFUS 21 lines and the UFUS Impacta and UFUS Xavante cultivars stood out because they had the highest average grain yield, highest adaptability and stability regardless of evaluation method.

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a major cause of soybean yield reduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of marker-assisted selection to identify genotypes resistant to SCN race 3 infection, using Sat_168 and Sat-141 resistance quantitative trait loci. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, using soybean populations originated from crosses between susceptible and resistant parent stock: CD-201 (susceptible) and Foster IAC (resistant), Conquista (susceptible) and S83-30 (resistant), La-Suprema (susceptible) and S57-11 (resistant), and Parecis (susceptible) and S65-50 (resistant). Plants were inoculated with SCN and evaluated according to the female index (FI), those with FI < 10% were classified as resistant to nematode infection. Plants were genotyped for SCN resistance using microsatellite markers Sat-141 and Sat_168. Marker selection efficiency was analyzed by a contingency table, taking into account genotypic versus phenotypic evaluations for each line. These markers were shown to be useful tool for selection of SCN race 3.

Breeding programs strive to obtain cultivars with superior traits. The association between these characters, such as those estimated by correlation coeficients, are important to the breeding selection process. In this study we analyzed phenotypic and genotypic correlations between yield and other agronomic traits in soybean progenies derived from various crosses to support breeding line selection in the the soybean breading program of the Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU). The experiment was carried out in the 2011/2012 growing season at the Capim Branco research station in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Seventy-one soybean lines were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. In these plots plants were evaluated for the number of pods, grain yield per plant, number of days for flowering, plant height at flowering, number of days for maturity, plant height at maturity, height of the first pod insertion, number of grains per pod and grain yield per plant. The estimates for genotypic correlations were equal or greater than those for the phenotypic correlations for all the evaluated traits. This suggests a small effect of environmental factors on the trait expression. An exception of this behavior was the correlation between plant height at flowering and plant height at maturity. In this case, although the signs for the genotypic and phenotypic correlations were the same, the value for the last was greater than that for the former.. The late flowering and late-maturing plants were taller. Also, selecting plants for higher number of pods ultimately contributed for the selection of plants with higher grain yield. The selection of late-flowering and late-maturing plants have yielded taller plantsin the same way that the selection for a higher pod number could promote the selection and improvement of grains yield trait.

The release of cultivars has ensured higher yield associated with increased tolerance to climatic adversity. 'UFUS Riqueza' is resistant to natural dehiscence and to the diseases: bacterial pustule, downy mildew, frogeye leaf spot, brown stem rot, stem canker and stem necrosis and can reach yields of 3475 kg ha-1, with grain contents of 18 % oil and 39 % protein.

Os ensaios foram realizados na Fazenda experimental Capim Branco, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, no município de Uberlândia - MG e em Uberaba-MG na Fazenda Boa Vista.Utilizando-se linhagens do ensaio regional do ano agrícola 04/05, sendo 17 linhagens de ciclo semitardio/tardio com as testemunhas Luziânia, Garantia, Chapadões, DM-339 e MSOY-8914. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar foi características agronômicas tais como número de dias para a floração (NDF), número de dias para a maturação (NDM), altura da planta na maturação (APM), altura de inserção da primeira vagem (AIPV), acamamento e rendimento de grãos (RG). Os melhores tratamentos em Uberlândia foram 09, 16, 1, 14 e 02 com 3455, 3444, 3433, 3415 e 3333 kg.ha-1 respectivamente. Em Uberaba os melhores foram a Garantia, 16, 3 e 2 com média de 2652, 2435 e 2403 kg.ha-1, respectivamente.

A busca de alta produtividade na cultura da soja, sem onerar os custos de produção, é o objetivo do melhoramento genético. A cultivar UFUS Impacta é um genótipo de soja proveniente do cruzamento entre Cristalina RCH e IAC 100, de ciclo semi-tardio, com produtividade média superior às testemunhas Garantia e Emgopa 313 RCH. É resistente às principais moléstias da soja e indicada para cultivo no Estado de Minas Gerais.

Evaluation of the genetic potential of parent plants is fundamental for obtaining superior populations with desirable agronomic characters. The aim of this work was to obtain estimates of the general and specific combining abilities of five soybean parents to identify the most promising parents and hybrid combinations for the development of superior genotypes for grain yield. In this study, two groups of soybean cultivars were selected: group I resistance (UFUS 7910 and BR/MG 46 Conquista) and group II (TMG 4182, TMG 4185 and BRSGO Chapadões). The parents were crossedin a 2 x 3 partial diallel scheme, and the experiment was analyzed according to Griffing’s (1956) parent and F1 model and adapted by Geraldi and Miranda Filho (1988). Six hybrid combinations and respective parents were arranged in randomized complete blocks with four repetitions. The following characters were evaluated: number of days for flowering and maturity, height of the plant in flowering and at maturity, number of nodes in flowering and at maturity, number of total pods and grain yield per plant. The BR/MG 46 Conquista, UFUS 7910 and BRSGO Chapadões parents contributed to obtaining productive segregant populations due to additivity for the total number of pods and grain yield per plant. The hybrid combinations BRSGO Chapadões x BR/MG 46 Conquista, BRSGO Chapadões x UFUS 7910 and TMG4182 x BR/MG 46 Conquista are promising for obtaining populations with high productive potential. RESUMO A avaliação do potencial genético dos parentais é fundamental para obter populações superiores para os principais caracteres agronômicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi obter estimativas das capacidades geral e específica de combinação de cinco genitores de soja, por meio do dialelo parcial, a fim de identificar os parentais e as combinações híbridas mais promissoras para produtividade de grãos. Neste estudo, dois grupos de cultivares foram selecionados: grupo I (UFUS 7910 e BR/MG 46 Conquista) e grupo II (TMG 4182, TMG 4185 e BRSGO Chapadões). Os parentais foram cruzados em esquema de dialelo parcial 2 x 3 e o experimento foi analisado de acordo com o modelo Pais e F1 de Griffing (1956) e adaptado por Geraldi e Miranda Filho (1988). Seis combinações híbridas e os respectivos parentais foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: número de dias para florescimento e para maturidade, altura da planta no florescimento e na maturidade, número de nós no florescimento e na maturidade, número de vagens totais e produção de grãos por planta. Os parentais BR/MG 46 Conquista, UFUS 7910 e BRSGO Chapadões contribuem para a obtenção de populações segregantes produtivas, devido a aditividade para número de vagens totais e produção de grãos por planta. As combinações híbridas BRSGO Chapadões x BR/MG 46 Conquista, BRSGO Chapadões x UFUS 7910 e TMG 4182 x BR/MG 46 Conquista são promissoras para a obtenção de populações com alto potencial produtivo.

In Brazil, as the soybean crop expands the losses caused by nematodes as well as its incidence in producing areas have increased. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a non-genetically modified soybean which combines desirable traits as the root-knot nematode resistance, early-maturity, high seed yielding, and high oil and protein contents. Consequently, seeds (F2) derived from the double-crossing between (Guarani x Sambaiba) x (M Soy 6101 x Conquista) were bulked to grow the F3 generation. Following generations were advanced by the SSD method of breeding until F6. Thus, plants showing superior characteristics were planted separately to perform progeny tests and then advanced breeding lines were thoroughly tested and compared to standards in representative environments across several locations in the Midwestern region in Brazil. As a result, we developed an early-soybean with cycle-length of 107 days; usually cycles range from 90 to 160 days. It presents desirable traits as high yield (3677 kg ha-1), Brazilian national average ranged between 2.5 and 3 thousand kg ha-1; broad adaptability, with 19% of oil, and 38.4% of protein on the seeds. Oil and protein standard contents are 20% and 40%, respectively. In addition, it is root-knot nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) resistance, not differing statistically (RF = 1.70) from the expected value given by Crotalaria spectabilis (RF = 1.14). Accordingly, we recommend this new cultivar to producers that intend to grow a second crop of either corn or cotton in the summer, or for crop producing areas with high incidence of P. brachyurus. RESUMO No Brasil, as perdas causadas pelos nematoides aumentaram nas áreas produtoras à medida que a cultura da soja se expande. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma nova cultivar de soja não geneticamente modificada que combinasse características como resistência a nematoides, maturação precoce, alta produtividade de grãos e altos teores de óleo e proteína. Assim, sementes (F2) derivado do duplo cruzamento entre (Guarani x Sambaiba) x (M Soy 6101 x Conquista) foram utilizadas para a formação da geração F3. As gerações seguintes foram avançadas pelo método SSD até F6, onde plantas mostrando características superiores foram separadamente cultivadas para testes de progênie. Em seguida, as linhas de reprodução avançadas foram exaustivamente testadas e comparadas a cultivares padrões em vários locais da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Como resultado, desenvolvemos uma soja precoce com ciclo anual de 107 dias; geralmente, os ciclos variam de 90 a 160 dias. Essa nova cultivar apresenta características desejáveis como alta produtividade (3677 kg ha-1), onde a média nacional brasileira varia entre 2,5 e 3 mil kg ha-1. Também apresenta, ampla adaptabilidade e 19% de óleo e 38,4% de proteína nas sementes. Teores padrão de óleo e proteína são 20% e 40%, respectivamente. Além disso, montra resistência ao nematoide-de-galhas (Pratylenchus brachyurus), não diferindo estatisticamente (FR = 1,70) do valor esperado dado pela Crotalaria (RF = 1,14). Assim, recomendamos esta nova cultivar para produtores que pretendam cultivar uma segunda safra de milho ou algodão no verão, ou para áreas produtoras de culturas com alta incidência de P. brachyurus.