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1. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade

Author

Jay Pearlman, Mark Bushnell, Laurent Coppola, Johannes Karstensen, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Francoise Pearlman, Pauline Simpson, Michele Barbier, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Cristian Munoz-Mas, Peter Pissierssens, Cyndy Chandler, Juliet Hermes, Emma Heslop, Reyna Jenkyns, Eric P. Achterberg, Manuel Bensi, Henry C. Bittig, Jerome Blandin, Julie Bosch, Bernard Bourles, Roberto Bozzano, Justin J. H. Buck, Eugene F. Burger, Daniel Cano, Vanessa Cardin, Miguel Charcos Llorens, Andrés Cianca, Hua Chen, Caroline Cusack, Eric Delory, Rene Garello, Gabriele Giovanetti, Valerie Harscoat, Susan Hartman, Robert Heitsenrether, Simon Jirka, Ana Lara-Lopez, Nadine Lantéri, Adam Leadbetter, Giuseppe Manzella, Joan Maso, Andrea McCurdy, Eric Moussat, Manolis Ntoumas, Sara Pensieri, George Petihakis, Nadia Pinardi, Sylvie Pouliquen, Rachel Przeslawski, Nicholas P. Roden, Joe Silke, Mario N. Tamburri, Hairong Tang, Toste Tanhua, Maciej Telszewski, Pierre Testor, Julie Thomas, Christoph Waldmann, and Fred Whoriskey

Subjects
best practices, sustainability, interoperability, digital repository, peer review, ocean observing, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and predicting of the planet’s ocean must be a collaborative effort of both regional and global scale. A first and foremost requirement for such collaborative ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined and reproducible methods across activities: from strategies for structuring observing systems, sensor deployment and usage, and the generation of data and information products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. To meet the urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, methods across all aspects of ocean observing should be broadly adopted by the ocean community and, where appropriate, should evolve into “Ocean Best Practices.” While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered across the Web or buried in local repositories and many have yet to be digitized. To reduce this fragmentation, we introduce a new open access, permanent, digital repository of best practices documentation (oceanbestpractices.org) that is part of the Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The new OBPS provides an opportunity space for the centralized and coordinated improvement of ocean observing methods. The OBPS repository employs user-friendly software to significantly improve discovery and access to methods. The software includes advanced semantic technologies for search capabilities to enhance repository operations. In addition to the repository, the OBPS also includes a peer reviewed journal research topic, a forum for community discussion and a training activity for use of best practices. Together, these components serve to realize a core objective of the OBPS, which is to enable the ocean community to create superior methods for every activity in ocean observing from research to operations to applications that are agreed upon and broadly adopted across communities. Using selected ocean observing examples, we show how the OBPS supports this objective. This paper lays out a future vision of ocean best practices and how OBPS will contribute to improving ocean observing in the decade to come.

Published
2019
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2. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices to Enable Interoperability in the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development

Author

Jay Pearlman, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Mark Bushnell, Claudia Delgado, Juliet Hermes, Emma Heslop, Cora Hörstmann, Kirsten Isensee, Johannes Karstensen, Arno Lambert, Ana Lara-Lopez, Frank Muller-Karger, Cristian Munoz Mas, Francoise Pearlman, Peter Pissierssens, Rachel Przeslawski, Pauline Simpson, Jordan van Stavel, and Ramasamy Venkatesan

Subjects
UN Ocean Decade, interoperability, best practices, capacity development, methods, standards, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (Ocean Decade) challenges marine science to better inform and stimulate social and economic development while conserving marine ecosystems. To achieve these objectives, we must make our diverse methodologies more comparable and interoperable, expanding global participation and foster capacity development in ocean science through a new and coherent approach to best practice development. We present perspectives on this issue gleaned from the ongoing development of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The OBPS is collaborating with individuals and programs around the world to transform the way ocean methodologies are managed, in strong alignment with the outcomes envisioned for the Ocean Decade. However, significant challenges remain, including: (1) the haphazard management of methodologies across their lifecycle, (2) the ambiguous endorsement of what is “best” and when and where one method may be applicable vs. another, and (3) the inconsistent access to methodological knowledge across disciplines and cultures. To help address these challenges, we recommend that sponsors and leaders in ocean science and education promote consistent documentation and convergence of methodologies to: create and improve context-dependent best practices; incorporate contextualized best practices into Ocean Decade Actions; clarify who endorses which method and why; create a global network of complementary ocean practices systems; and ensure broader consistency and flexibility in international capacity development.

Published
2021
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4. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices and Standards for the Next Decade

Author

Peter Pissierssens, Rene Garello, Mark Bushnell, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Nadia Pinardi, Reyna Jenkyns, Eric P. Achterberg, Roberto Bozzano, Miguel Charcos Llorens, Ana Lara-Lopez, George Petihakis, Eric Moussat, Andres Cianca, Adam Leadbetter, Fred Whoriskey, Pierre Testor, Manuel Bensi, Julie Bosch, Sylvie Pouliquen, Francoise Pearlman, Emma Heslop, Bernard Bourlès, Christoph Waldmann, E. Delory, Simon Jirka, Mario N. Tamburri, Jay Pearlman, Manolis Ntoumas, Giuseppe Manzella, Rachel Przeslawski, Caroline Cusack, Henry C. Bittig, Vanessa Cardin, Eugene Burger, Laurent Coppola, Juliet Hermes, Toste Tanhua, Joan Masó, Valerie Harscoat, Julie Thomas, Cristian Munoz-Mas, Jerome Blandin, Gabriele Giovanetti, Maciej Telszewski, Justin J. H. Buck, Daniel Cano, Hua Chen, C. L. Chandler, Johannes Karstensen, Robert Heitsenrether, Hairong Tang, Nicholas P. Roden, Andrea McCurdy, Joe Silke, Sara Pensieri, Pauline Simpson, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Susan E. Hartman, Nadine Lanteri, Michele Barbier, IEEE, Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Mediterranean Science Commission, University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS BREST), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR065, Centre de Télédétection et d'Analyse des Milieux Naturels (CTAMN), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Wuhan Technology and Business University, Lab-STICC_TB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 52North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software GmbH (52°N), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Marine Institute [Oranmore], ETT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARM), University of Bremen, European Project: 633211,H2020,H2020-BG-2014-2,AtlantOS(2015), European Project: 654310,H2020,H2020-INFRASUPP-2014-2,ODIP 2(2015), European Project: 730960, SeaDataCloud(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Pearlman J., Bushnell M., Coppola L., Karstensen J., Buttigieg P.L., Pearlman F., Simpson P., Barbier M., Muller-Karger F.E., Munoz-Mas C., Pissierssens P., Chandler C., Hermes J., Heslop E., Jenkyns R., Achterberg E.P., Bensi M., Bittig H.C., Blandin J., Bosch J., Bourles B., Bozzano R., Buck J.J., Burger E.F., Cano D., Cardin V., Llorens M.C., Cianca A., Chen H., Cusack C., Delory E., Garello R., Giovanetti G., Harscoat V., Hartman S., Heitsenrether R., Jirka S., Lara-Lopez A., Lanteri N., Leadbetter A., Manzella G., Maso J., McCurdy A., Moussat E., Ntoumas M., Pensieri S., Petihakis G., Pinardi N., Pouliquen S., Przeslawski R., Roden N.P., Silke J., Tamburri M.N., Tang H., Tanhua T., Telszewski M., Testor P., Thomas J., Waldmann C., and Whoriskey F.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Best practice, Interoperability, Ontologie, interoperability, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Market fragmentation, Documentation, Ontologies, best practices, ontologies, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, digital repository, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ocean observing, Global and Planetary Change, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Scale (chemistry), Methodologie, sustainability, Ocean observing, Data science, Digital repository, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, Software deployment, Semantic technology, lcsh:Q, Methodologies, methodologies
Abstract

The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and predicting of the planet’s ocean must be a collaborative effort of both regional and global scale. A first and foremost requirement for such collaborative ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined and reproducible methods across activities: from strategies for structuring observing systems, sensor deployment and usage, and the generation of data and information products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. To meet the urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, methods across all aspects of ocean observing should be broadly adopted by the ocean community and, where appropriate, should evolve into “Ocean Best Practices.” While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered across the Web or buried in local repositories and many have yet to be digitized. To reduce this fragmentation, we introduce a new open access, permanent, digital repository of best practices documentation (oceanbestpractices.org) that is part of the Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The new OBPS provides an opportunity space for the centralized and coordinated improvement of ocean observing methods. The OBPS repository employs user-friendly software to significantly improve discovery and access to methods. The software includes advanced semantic technologies for search capabilities to enhance repository operations. In addition to the repository, the OBPS also includes a peer reviewed journal research topic, a forum for community discussion and a training activity for use of best practices. Together, these components serve to realize a core objective of the OBPS, which is to enable the ocean community to create superior methods for every activity in ocean observing from research to operations to applications that are agreed upon and broadly adopted across communities. Using selected ocean observing examples, we show how the OBPS supports this objective. This paper lays out a future vision of ocean best practices and how OBPS will contribute to improving ocean observing in the decade to come.

Published
2019

5. Challenges for Sustained Observing and Forecasting Systems in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Emma Heslop, Javier Ruiz, François Galgani, Pablo Lorente, Ferial Louanchi, Pierre Testor, Susana Pérez Rubio, Romain Escudier, Alejandro Orfila, Roberto Bozzano, Georg Umgiesser, George Petihakis, Marc Torner, Sara Pensieri, Patrick Raimbault, George Zodiatis, Mélanie Juza, Patrick Farcy, Baris Salihoglu, David March, Simona Simoncelli, Daniel J. Hayes, Simón Ruiz, Paolo Lazzari, Giorgia Verri, Francesco Trotta, Loic Petit De La Villeon, Emanuela Clementi, Benjamín Casas, Joaquín Tintoré, D. Obaton, Constantin Frangoulis, Marco Bajo, Miguel Charcos-Llorens, Gianandrea Mannarini, Antonio Sánchez-Román, Vlado Malačič, Patricia Reglero, Edgar G. Pavia, Elena Mauri, Juan Gabriel Fernández, Rosalia Santoleri, Paz Rotllan, Svitlana Liubartseva, Toste Tanhua, Sylvie Pouliquen, Laurent Coppola, Gianpiero Cossarini, Leonidas Perivoliotis, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Cristian Munoz-Mas, Diego Álvarez-Berastegui, Laurent Mortier, Antonio Novellino, Isaac Gertman, Luis F. Ruiz-Orejón, Slim Gana, Jacopo Chiggiato, Gerasimos Korres, Aldo Drago, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Inmaculada Ruiz, Eva Aguiar, Marcos García Sotillo, Katrin Schroeder, Gianmaria Sannino, Anna Teruzzi, Jesús García Lafuente, Baptiste Mourre, Ivica Vilibić, Karina von Schuckmann, Lorinc Meszaros, Emma Reyes, Marco Zavatarelli, Lluís Gómez-Pujol, Simone Sammartino, George Kallos, Jaime Hernandez-Lasheras, Vanessa Cardin, Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul, Rosa Balbin, Karim Hilmi, Massimiliano Drudi, Devrim Tezcan, Alan Deidun, Pierre Garreau, Sarantis Sofianos, Alessandro Grandi, Barak Herut, Cristina Fossi, Stefano Salon, Ghada El Serafy, J. Pistoia, Begoña Pérez Gómez, Giovanni Coppini, Salvatore Marullo, Rafael Sardá, Mustafa Yücel, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Laura Prieto, Salud Deudero, Agustín Sánchez Arcilla, Rita Lecci, Georgios Sylaios, Ivan Federico, Ananda Pascual, Christian Ferrarin, Nadia Pinardi, Tintore, J., Pinardi, N., Alvarez-Fanjul, E., Aguiar, E., Alvarez-Berastegui, D., Bajo, M., Balbin, R., Bozzano, R., Nardelli, B. B., Cardin, V., Casas, B., Charcos-Llorens, M., Chiggiato, J., Clementi, E., Coppini, G., Coppola, L., Cossarini, G., Deidun, A., Deudero, S., D'Ortenzio, F., Drago, A., Drudi, M., El Serafy, G., Escudier, R., Farcy, P., Federico, I., Fernandez, J. G., Ferrarin, C., Fossi, C., Frangoulis, C., Galgani, F., Gana, S., Garcia Lafuente, J., Sotillo, M. G., Garreau, P., Gertman, I., Gomez-Pujol, L., Grandi, A., Hayes, D., Hernandez-Lasheras, J., Herut, B., Heslop, E., Hilmi, K., Juza, M., Kallos, G., Korres, G., Lecci, R., Lazzari, P., Lorente, P., Liubartseva, S., Louanchi, F., Malacic, V., Mannarini, G., March, D., Marullo, S., Mauri, E., Meszaros, L., Mourre, B., Mortier, L., Munoz-Mas, C., Novellino, A., Obaton, D., Orfila, A., Pascual, A., Pensieri, S., Perez Gomez, B., Perez Rubio, S., Perivoliotis, L., Petihakis, G., de la Villeon, L. P., Pistoia, J., Poulain, P. -M., Pouliquen, S., Prieto, L., Raimbault, P., Reglero, P., Reyes, E., Rotllan, P., Ruiz, S., Ruiz, J., Ruiz, I., Ruiz-Orejon, L. F., Salihoglu, B., Salon, S., Sammartino, S., Sanchez Arcilla, A., Sanchez-Roman, A., Sannino, G., Santoleri, R., Sarda, R., Schroeder, K., Simoncelli, S., Sofianos, S., Sylaios, G., Tanhua, T., Teruzzi, A., Testor, P., Tezcan, D., Torner, M., Trotta, F., Umgiesser, G., von Schuckmann, K., Verri, G., Vilibic, I., Yucel, M., Zavatarelli, M., Zodiatis, G., Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, SOCIB Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Cyprus Oceanography Center, University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears [Palma, Spain] (COB), Instituto Espagňol de Oceanografia (IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), University of Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), University of Cyprus (UCY), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LIM/UPC - Laboratori d'Enginyeria Marítima, Tintore J., Pinardi N., Alvarez-Fanjul E., Aguiar E., Alvarez-Berastegui D., Bajo M., Balbin R., Bozzano R., Nardelli B.B., Cardin V., Casas B., Charcos-Llorens M., Chiggiato J., Clementi E., Coppini G., Coppola L., Cossarini G., Deidun A., Deudero S., D'Ortenzio F., Drago A., Drudi M., El Serafy G., Escudier R., Farcy P., Federico I., Fernandez J.G., Ferrarin C., Fossi C., Frangoulis C., Galgani F., Gana S., Garcia Lafuente J., Sotillo M.G., Garreau P., Gertman I., Gomez-Pujol L., Grandi A., Hayes D., Hernandez-Lasheras J., Herut B., Heslop E., Hilmi K., Juza M., Kallos G., Korres G., Lecci R., Lazzari P., Lorente P., Liubartseva S., Louanchi F., Malacic V., Mannarini G., March D., Marullo S., Mauri E., Meszaros L., Mourre B., Mortier L., Munoz-Mas C., Novellino A., Obaton D., Orfila A., Pascual A., Pensieri S., Perez Gomez B., Perez Rubio S., Perivoliotis L., Petihakis G., de la Villeon L.P., Pistoia J., Poulain P.-M., Pouliquen S., Prieto L., Raimbault P., Reglero P., Reyes E., Rotllan P., Ruiz S., Ruiz J., Ruiz I., Ruiz-Orejon L.F., Salihoglu B., Salon S., Sammartino S., Sanchez Arcilla A., Sanchez-Roman A., Sannino G., Santoleri R., Sarda R., Schroeder K., Simoncelli S., Sofianos S., Sylaios G., Tanhua T., Teruzzi A., Testor P., Tezcan D., Torner M., Trotta F., Umgiesser G., von Schuckmann K., Verri G., Vilibic I., Yucel M., Zavatarelli M., and Zodiatis G.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Science with and for society, Service (systems architecture), lcsh:QH1-199.5, Nature observation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, SDG's, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Operations research -- Case studies, sustained observations, 11. Sustainability, observing and forecasting system, Observing and forecasting systems, lcsh:Science, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], SDG', observing and forecasting systems, ocean variability, FAIR data, climate, operational services, science with and for society, Prediction theory, Climatology -- Data processing, Environmental resource management, Seawater -- Mediterranean Region, operational service, Operational services, Variety (cybernetics), Mediterranean Sea--Climate, Ocean variability, Quantitative research -- Evaluation, Mediterrània, Mar -- Aspectes ambientals, Ocean observations, SDG’s, Best practice, Climate change, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Sustained observations, 12. Responsible consumption, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Downstream (petroleum industry), Sustainable development, Ensemble forecasting, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària::Ports i costes [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q, observing and forecasting systems, sustained observations, ocean variability, FAIR data, climate, operational services, science with and for society, SDG’s, Business
Abstract

Este artículo contiene 30 páginas, 14 figuras., The Mediterranean community represented in this paper is the result of more than 30 years of EU and nationally funded coordination, which has led to key contributions in science concepts and operational initiatives. Together with the establishment of operational services, the community has coordinated with universities, research centers, research infrastructures and private companies to implement advanced multi-platform and integrated observing and forecasting systems that facilitate the advancement of operational services, scientific achievements and mission-oriented innovation. Thus, the community can respond to societal challenges and stakeholders needs, developing a variety of fit-for-purpose services such as the Copernicus Marine Service. The combination of state-of-the-art observations and forecasting provides new opportunities for downstreamservices in response to the needs of the heavily populatedMediterranean coastal areas and to climate change. The challenge over the next decade is to sustain ocean observations within the research community, to monitor the variability at small scales, e.g., the mesoscale/submesoscale, to resolve the sub-basin/seasonal and inter-annual variability in the circulation, and thus establish the decadal variability, understand and correct the model-associated biases and to enhance model-data integration and ensemble forecasting for uncertainty estimation. Better knowledge and understanding of the level ofMediterranean variability will enable a subsequent evaluation of the impacts and mitigation of the effect of human activities and climate change on the biodiversity and the ecosystem, which will support environmental assessments and decisions. Further challenges include extending the science-based added-value products into societal relevant downstream services and engaging with communities to build initiatives that will contribute to the 2030 Agenda and more specifically to SDG14 and the UN’s Decade of Ocean Science for sustainable development, by this contributing to bridge the science-policy gap. The Mediterranean observing and forecasting capacity was built on the basis of community best practices in monitoring and modeling, and can serve as a basis for the development of an integrated global ocean observing system.

Published
2019

6. Challenges for Sustained Observing and Forecasting Systems in the Mediterranean Sea

Author

Joaquín Tintoré, Nadia Pinardi, Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul, Eva Aguiar, Diego Álvarez-Berastegui, Marco Bajo, Rosa Balbin, Roberto Bozzano, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Vanessa Cardin, Benjamin Casas, Miguel Charcos-Llorens, Jacopo Chiggiato, Emanuela Clementi, Giovanni Coppini, Laurent Coppola, Gianpiero Cossarini, Alan Deidun, Salud Deudero, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Aldo Drago, Massimiliano Drudi, Ghada El Serafy, Romain Escudier, Patrick Farcy, Ivan Federico, Juan Gabriel Fernández, Christian Ferrarin, Cristina Fossi, Constantin Frangoulis, Francois Galgani, Slim Gana, Jesús García Lafuente, Marcos García Sotillo, Pierre Garreau, Isaac Gertman, Lluis Gómez-Pujol, Alessandro Grandi, Daniel Hayes, Jaime Hernández-Lasheras, Barak Herut, Emma Heslop, Karim Hilmi, Melanie Juza, George Kallos, Gerasimos Korres, Rita Lecci, Paolo Lazzari, Pablo Lorente, Svitlana Liubartseva, Ferial Louanchi, Vlado Malacic, Gianandrea Mannarini, David March, Salvatore Marullo, Elena Mauri, Lorinc Meszaros, Baptiste Mourre, Laurent Mortier, Cristian Muñoz-Mas, Antonio Novellino, Dominique Obaton, Alejandro Orfila, Ananda Pascual, Sara Pensieri, Begoña Pérez Gómez, Susana Pérez Rubio, Leonidas Perivoliotis, George Petihakis, Loic Petit de la Villéon, Jenny Pistoia, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Sylvie Pouliquen, Laura Prieto, Patrick Raimbault, Patricia Reglero, Emma Reyes, Paz Rotllan, Simón Ruiz, Javier Ruiz, Inmaculada Ruiz, Luis Francisco Ruiz-Orejón, Baris Salihoglu, Stefano Salon, Simone Sammartino, Agustín Sánchez Arcilla, Antonio Sánchez-Román, Gianmaria Sannino, Rosalia Santoleri, Rafael Sardá, Katrin Schroeder, Simona Simoncelli, Sarantis Sofianos, Georgios Sylaios, Toste Tanhua, Anna Teruzzi, Pierre Testor, Devrim Tezcan, Marc Torner, Francesco Trotta, Georg Umgiesser, Karina von Schuckmann, Giorgia Verri, Ivica Vilibic, Mustafa Yucel, Marco Zavatarelli, and George Zodiatis

Subjects
observing and forecasting systems, sustained observations, ocean variability, FAIR data, climate, operational services, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

The Mediterranean community represented in this paper is the result of more than 30 years of EU and nationally funded coordination, which has led to key contributions in science concepts and operational initiatives. Together with the establishment of operational services, the community has coordinated with universities, research centers, research infrastructures and private companies to implement advanced multi-platform and integrated observing and forecasting systems that facilitate the advancement of operational services, scientific achievements and mission-oriented innovation. Thus, the community can respond to societal challenges and stakeholders needs, developing a variety of fit-for-purpose services such as the Copernicus Marine Service. The combination of state-of-the-art observations and forecasting provides new opportunities for downstream services in response to the needs of the heavily populated Mediterranean coastal areas and to climate change. The challenge over the next decade is to sustain ocean observations within the research community, to monitor the variability at small scales, e.g., the mesoscale/submesoscale, to resolve the sub-basin/seasonal and inter-annual variability in the circulation, and thus establish the decadal variability, understand and correct the model-associated biases and to enhance model-data integration and ensemble forecasting for uncertainty estimation. Better knowledge and understanding of the level of Mediterranean variability will enable a subsequent evaluation of the impacts and mitigation of the effect of human activities and climate change on the biodiversity and the ecosystem, which will support environmental assessments and decisions. Further challenges include extending the science-based added-value products into societal relevant downstream services and engaging with communities to build initiatives that will contribute to the 2030 Agenda and more specifically to SDG14 and the UN's Decade of Ocean Science for sustainable development, by this contributing to bridge the science-policy gap. The Mediterranean observing and forecasting capacity was built on the basis of community best practices in monitoring and modeling, and can serve as a basis for the development of an integrated global ocean observing system.

Published
2019
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