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1. The ecology of human-caused mortality for a protected large carnivore.

Author

Cristescu, Bogdan, Gammons, Daniel, Garcelon, David, Higley, J, Martins, Quinton, Nisi, Anna, Riley, Seth, Sikich, Jeff, Stephenson, Thomas, Vickers, T, Wengert, Greta, Wilmers, Christopher, Wittmer, Heiko, Dellinger, Justin, Benson, John, Dougherty, Kyle, Beier, Paul, and Boyce, Walter

Subjects
Puma concolor, additive mortality, compensatory mortality, human–wildlife conflict, survival, Animals, Humans, Ecosystem, Puma, Ecology, Carnivora, Conservation of Natural Resources
Abstract

Mitigating human-caused mortality for large carnivores is a pressing global challenge for wildlife conservation. However, mortality is almost exclusively studied at local (within-population) scales creating a mismatch between our understanding of risk and the spatial extent most relevant to conservation and management of wide-ranging species. Here, we quantified mortality for 590 radio-collared mountain lions statewide across their distribution in California to identify drivers of human-caused mortality and investigate whether human-caused mortality is additive or compensatory. Human-caused mortality, primarily from conflict management and vehicles, exceeded natural mortality despite mountain lions being protected from hunting. Our data indicate that human-caused mortality is additive to natural mortality as population-level survival decreased as a function of increasing human-caused mortality and natural mortality did not decrease with increased human-caused mortality. Mortality risk increased for mountain lions closer to rural development and decreased in areas with higher proportions of citizens voting to support environmental initiatives. Thus, the presence of human infrastructure and variation in the mindset of humans sharing landscapes with mountain lions appear to be primary drivers of risk. We show that human-caused mortality can reduce population-level survival of large carnivores across large spatial scales, even when they are protected from hunting.

Published
2023

7. The case for the reintroduction of cheetahs to India

Author

Tordiffe, Adrian S. W., Jhala, Yadvendradev V., Boitani, Luigi, Cristescu, Bogdan, Kock, Richard A., Meyer, Leith R. C., Naylor, Simon, O’Brien, Stephen J., Schmidt-Küntzel, Anne, Stanley Price, Mark R., van der Merwe, Vincent, and Marker, Laurie

Published
2023
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8. Relative abundance of a mesocarnivore in a humandominated, semi-arid rangeland in Namibia.

Author

Reasoner, Emma, Marker, Laurie, Verschueren, Stijn, Briers-Louw, Willem D., Mbidzo, Meed, Cristescu, Bogdan, Gottert, Thomas, and Kissling, Michelle

Subjects
WILD dogs, BIOTIC communities, POPULATION dynamics, OMNIVORES, WILD foods
Abstract

Mesocarnivores fill important roles in ecological communities globally, but their distribution and abundance are often understudied. Many species have historically been regarded as vermin and subject to lethal control due to their role in livestock predation. Identifying the factors influencing mesocarnivore populations can help disentangle their relationship within ecological communities and inform conflict mitigation and conservation priorities. To help identify these factors, we used camera traps to study the community of medium and large mammals in four communal conservancies of northeastern Namibia covering the wet and dry seasons using 99 and 97 camera trap stations, respectively. We modelled black-backed jackal (Lupulella mesomelas) abundance using the robust Royle-Nichols model. Black-backed jackal were widespread, with a mean per site abundance of 2.01 (SD=0.66) in the wet season and 2.41 (SD=0.49) in the dry season. Black-backed jackal showed seasonally contrasting covariate associations, with lower abundance in areas with medium and large-sized wild prey during the wet season, and higher abundance in areas with more villages and close to African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) dens in the dry season. We identified localized hotspots of black-backed jackal abundance during the dry season, which may indicate that when resources are scarce, black-backed jackals rely on anthropogenic food sources despite an elevated risk for conflict, and on carcass remains from African wild dog kills. These findings highlight potential drivers of mesocarnivore abundance that would be obscured in a conventional occurrence modelling framework, and illustrate how local abundance may be influenced by seasonal variability, wild and anthropogenic food sources, and a likely facilitative relationship with a large carnivore. Further investigations in areas with more complex carnivore guilds and higher density of dominant predators are needed to understand black-backed jackal-African wild dog interactions and impacts on population dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Using Mountain Lion Habitat Selection in Management

Author

DELLINGER, JUSTIN A., CRISTESCU, BOGDAN, EWANYK, JONATHAN, GAMMONS, DANIEL J., GARCELON, DAVID, JOHNSTON, PHILLIP, MARTINS, QUINTON, THOMPSON, CRAIG, VICKERS, T. WINSTON, WILMERS, CHRISTOPHER C., WITTMER, HEIKO U., and TORRES, STEVEN G.

Published
2020

14. Evaluation of the effects of multiple capture methods and immobilization drugs on mountain lion welfare

Author

Dellinger, Justin A., primary, Basto, Ana F., additional, Vickers, T. Winston, additional, Wilmers, Christopher C., additional, Sikich, Jeffrey A., additional, Riley, Seth P. D., additional, Gammons, Daniel, additional, Martins, Quinton E., additional, Wittmer, Heiko U., additional, Garcelon, David K., additional, Allen, Maximilian L., additional, Cristescu, Bogdan, additional, and Clifford, Deana L., additional

Published
2023
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20. List of Contributors

Author

Abdoulkarim, Samna, primary, Amir, Osman G., additional, Amstrup, Steven C., additional, Andresen, Leah, additional, Aschenborn, Ortwin, additional, Ashenafi, Zelealem T., additional, Ballou, Jonathan D., additional, Becker, Anne A.M.J., additional, Beckhelling, Annie, additional, Belbachir, Farid, additional, Bingaman Lackey, Laurie, additional, Bissett, Charlene, additional, Boast, Lorraine K., additional, Braun, Birgit, additional, Breitenmoser, Christine, additional, Brewer, Bruce, additional, Broekhuis, Femke, additional, Brummer, Rox, additional, Caro, Tim, additional, Castaneda, Linda, additional, Charruau, Pauline, additional, Chege, Monica, additional, Chelysheva, Elena V., additional, Cherin, Marco, additional, Cilliers, Deon, additional, Citino, Scott, additional, Clements, Hayley, additional, Combes, Guy, additional, Comizzoli, Pierre, additional, Cristescu, Bogdan, additional, Crosier, Adrienne E., additional, Dalton, Desiré L., additional, Davies-Mostert, Harriet T., additional, Davis, Jacqueline T., additional, de Matos Machado, Iracelma B., additional, Depauw, Sarah, additional, Dickman, Amy, additional, Dierenfeld, Ellen S., additional, Durant, Sarah M., additional, Ekard, Susie, additional, Eyre, Simon, additional, Fabiano, Ezequiel, additional, Farhadinia, Mohammad S., additional, Flyman, Michael V., additional, Forsythe, Katherine, additional, Fuller, Angela K., additional, Good, Kyle, additional, Grisham, Jack, additional, Groom, Rosemary, additional, Gusset, Markus, additional, Haefele, Holly, additional, Hartmann, Axel, additional, Hayward, Matt W., additional, Hilker, Cathryn, additional, Horgan, Jane, additional, Hughes, Courtney, additional, Hunter, Luke T.B., additional, Huys, Geert, additional, Ipavec, Audrey, additional, Janssens, Geert P.J., additional, Jeo, Richard M., additional, Johnson, Douglas W., additional, Johnson, Sandra, additional, Johnson, Warren E., additional, Jowkar, Houman, additional, Kaandorp, Christine, additional, Kaandorp, Jacques, additional, Kerr, Katherine R., additional, Kharuxab, Reinold, additional, Kitchell, Kenneth F., additional, Klein, Rebecca, additional, Koester, Diana C., additional, Kotzé, Antoinette, additional, Lüders, Imke, additional, Lehner, Flavio, additional, Leus, Kristin, additional, Lindsey, Peter, additional, Lloyd, Michelle, additional, Louwman, Hanneke, additional, Louwman, Jan, additional, M’soka, Jassiel L.J., additional, Macdonald, David W., additional, Maes, Olivia, additional, Marker, Laurie, additional, Marks, Nikki, additional, Maule, Aaron, additional, McGowan, Natasha, additional, McManus, Jeannine, additional, Meachen, Julie, additional, Meeks, Karen Z., additional, Melzheimer, Joerg, additional, Mengersen, Kerrie, additional, Menotti-Raymond, Marilyn, additional, Mills, Gus, additional, Mitchell, Emily, additional, Mitchell, Nicholas, additional, Mohanun, Ahmed Sh, additional, Morrison, Tess, additional, Mosimane, Alfons W., additional, Msuha, Maurus, additional, Murray, Suzanne, additional, Nghikembua, Matti T., additional, Nhabanga, Abel R., additional, Nowell, Kristin, additional, O’Brien, Stephen J., additional, Oguge, Nick, additional, Omusula, Sarah, additional, Ostrowski, Stephane, additional, Ottichilo, Wilbur, additional, Pang, Benison, additional, Paulos, Osman D., additional, Portas, Ruben, additional, Potgieter, Gail, additional, Powell, Larkin A., additional, Rabeil, Thomas, additional, Randau, Marcela, additional, Rapp, Suzi, additional, Reid, Robin S., additional, Richmond-Coggan, Louisa, additional, Robinson, James M., additional, Rook, Lorenzo, additional, Rose-Hinostroza, Janet, additional, Rosen, Tatjana, additional, Rust, Niki A., additional, Sampson, Alicia, additional, Sanchez, Carlos R., additional, Sanjayan, M., additional, Scantlebury, David M., additional, Schaller, George B., additional, Schmidt-Küntzel, Anne, additional, Schulman, Martin, additional, Schwartz, Karin R., additional, Selebatso, Moses, additional, Snyman, Andrei, additional, Sogbohossou, Etotépé A., additional, Sommer, Simone, additional, Stanek, Linda, additional, Steenkamp, Gerhard, additional, Stoner, Kelly, additional, Sutherland, Chris, additional, Tambling, Craig J., additional, Terio, Karen A., additional, Tiffin, Amanda, additional, Traeholt, Carl, additional, Traylor-Holzer, Kathy, additional, Tricorache, Patricia, additional, van Bommel, Linda, additional, van der Meer, Esther, additional, van der Merwe, Vincent, additional, Van der Weyde, Leanne, additional, Vannelli, Kate, additional, Van Valkenburgh, Blaire, additional, Versteege, Lars, additional, Wachter, Bettina, additional, Walker, Eli H., additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, Weaver, Chris, additional, Whitehouse-Tedd, Katherine, additional, Wielebnowski, Nadja, additional, Williams, J. Jason, additional, Wirth, Günther, additional, Woc Colburn, Ana Margarita, additional, Woodroffe, Rosie, additional, Wultsch, Claudia, additional, Wykstra, Mary, additional, and Young-Overton, Kim, additional

Published
2018
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21. Ecology of Free-Ranging Cheetahs

Author

Marker, Laurie, primary, Cristescu, Bogdan, additional, Dickman, Amy, additional, Nghikembua, Matti T., additional, Boast, Lorraine K., additional, Morrison, Tess, additional, Melzheimer, Joerg, additional, Fabiano, Ezequiel, additional, Mills, Gus, additional, Wachter, Bettina, additional, and Macdonald, David W., additional

Published
2018
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25. Cheetah Rangewide Status and Distribution

Author

Marker, Laurie, primary, Cristescu, Bogdan, additional, Morrison, Tess, additional, Flyman, Michael V., additional, Horgan, Jane, additional, Sogbohossou, Etotépé A., additional, Bissett, Charlene, additional, van der Merwe, Vincent, additional, de Matos Machado, Iracelma B., additional, Fabiano, Ezequiel, additional, van der Meer, Esther, additional, Aschenborn, Ortwin, additional, Melzheimer, Joerg, additional, Young-Overton, Kim, additional, Farhadinia, Mohammad S., additional, Wykstra, Mary, additional, Chege, Monica, additional, Abdoulkarim, Samna, additional, Amir, Osman G., additional, Mohanun, Ahmed Sh, additional, Paulos, Osman D., additional, Nhabanga, Abel R., additional, M'soka, Jassiel L.J., additional, Belbachir, Farid, additional, Ashenafi, Zelealem T., additional, and Nghikembua, Matti T., additional

Published
2018
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26. The ecology of human-caused mortality for a protected large carnivore

Author

Benson, John F., primary, Dougherty, Kyle D., additional, Beier, Paul, additional, Boyce, Walter M., additional, Cristescu, Bogdan, additional, Gammons, Daniel J., additional, Garcelon, David K., additional, Higley, J. Mark, additional, Martins, Quinton E., additional, Nisi, Anna C., additional, Riley, Seth P. D., additional, Sikich, Jeff A., additional, Stephenson, Thomas R., additional, Vickers, T. Winston, additional, Wengert, Greta M., additional, Wilmers, Christopher C., additional, Wittmer, Heiko U., additional, and Dellinger, Justin A., additional

Published
2023
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41. Using Mountain Lion Habitat Selection in Management

Author

Dellinger, Justin A., primary, Cristescu, Bogdan, additional, Ewanyk, Jonathan, additional, Gammons, Daniel J., additional, Garcelon, David, additional, Johnston, Phillip, additional, Martins, Quinton, additional, Thompson, Craig, additional, Vickers, T. Winston, additional, Wilmers, Christopher C., additional, Wittmer, Heiko U., additional, and Torres, Steven G., additional

Published
2019
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44. Now You See Them, Soon You Won't : Statistical and Mathematical Models for Cheetah Conservation Management

Author

Johnson, Sandra, Cristescu, Bogdan, Davis, Jacqueline T., Johnson, Douglas W., Mengersen, Kerrie, Johnson, Sandra, Cristescu, Bogdan, Davis, Jacqueline T., Johnson, Douglas W., and Mengersen, Kerrie

Abstract

There is an ever increasing and bewildering array of statistical and mathematical modeling techniques in conservation management of terrestrial wildlife. These quantitative techniques have been utilized mostly for wildlife management in North America and Europe, but are increasingly applied to African species including cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Cheetah conservation managers frequently have to make decisions based on sparse information that may be of varying quality. Analyzing data, drawing inferences, and choosing between different management options can be daunting tasks. In this chapter we review some of the more popular and emerging quantitative approaches and discuss how they might be employed to address key cheetah conservation aims.

Published
2018

45. Determining the diet of an African mesocarnivore, the caracal: scat or GPS cluster analysis?

Author

Jansen, Corlé, Leslie, Alison J., Cristescu, Bogdan, Teichman, Kristine J., and Martins, Quinton

Subjects
SHEEP, ANIMAL nutrition, OMNIVORES, BIOMASS, CARNIVOROUS animals, PREDATION, FORAGING behavior, CLARIAS gariepinus
Abstract

The caracal Caracal caracal is the largest of Africa's small felids (<20 kg). Across much of Africa, particularly where larger predators have been extirpated, caracal are one of the main carnivores contributing to livestock predation. Caracal dietary studies are outdated, typically have small sample sizes and have mainly relied on scat analysis. We used a combination of scat analysis (n = 250 scats) and GPS cluster visitation (n = 458 clusters visited; n = 91 clusters with feeding events) to estimate caracal diet in South Africa's Succulent Karoo, a global biodiversity hotspot. Based on both methods, rock hyrax Procavia capensis was the caracal's main prey. Small mammals accounted for 25.3% of total biomass consumed by caracal using scat analysis, however, were absent based on GPS cluster investigations. Domestic sheep Ovis aries biomass consumed was much higher (59.5%) when inferred from GPS cluster visitation than from scats (5%). Wild medium-to-large mammalian prey had little variation between the two methods. GPS telemetry did not enable detection of small prey (<1 kg) and possibly over-represented large prey items, including livestock. Scat analysis provided a broader representation of caracal diet, but scat investigations could have underestimated larger prey since caracals ingest only small amounts of hair from large-bodied animals. We recommend a combination of GPS cluster visitation and scat analysis to determine the diet of caracal and other mesocarnivores across a range of prey sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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