Search

Свойства личности субъекта любого криминального акта существенно влияет на особенности реализации им преступного замысла. В связи с этим многими исследователями предпринимались попытки прогнозирования его поведения в будущем, объяснения уже совершённых им действий путем анализа сведений о качествах преступника. В статье рассматриваются основные типичные признаки субъектов серийных преступлений против личности, раскрывается содержание названных качеств и их влияние на действия лица, предшествовавшие совершению преступления, включённые в его способ и направленные на сокрытие образовавшихся следов. Рассматриваются основные варианты использования типовых профилей серийных убийц в раскрытии и расследовании преступлений. Приводятся примеры судебно-следственной практики, подтверждающие доводы авторов., The personality characteristics of the subject of any criminal act signif-icantly affect the specifics of the implementation of their criminal intent. In this regard, many researchers have made attempts by analyzing information about the qualities ofthe criminal to predict his behavior in the future, explaining the actions he has already committed. The article considers the main typical features of the subjects of serial crimes against the person, reveals the content of these qualities and their influence on the actions of the person who preceded the commission of the crime, included in its method and aimed at concealing the resulting traces. The main options for using stand-ard profiles of serial killers in the detection and investigation of crimes are considered. Examples of judicial and investigative practice are given, confirming the authors ' arguments

This paper accounts for the importance that graphology has in the personnel processes from the study of the criminal profile. From the theoretical construct, the theory of descriptive and emotional graphology of Mauricio Xandró, Max Pulver and Augusto Vels are approached, which affirm that graphology is a technique that allows to identify emotional states, personality types, personality inclinations and this is used to determine if the person’s profile are adjusted to the needs of the organization, thus favoring the optimization of resources. Methodologically, it is an explanatory descriptive study of a documentary nature, since the main studies that exist in terms of graphology exist in the academy, mainly based on the acceptance of the documentary records as an instrument for the collection and analysis of information. As a conclusion, it was obtained that the forensic graphology allows to identify the concordance that exists between the profile, the behavior of the interviewee, the needs of the organization and the personality traits shown by the graphs inscribed by the interviewee. Besides that, it allows to design a supposed profile of the interviewee where the inclination of the psychic apparatus for the perpetration of an economic crime can be traced. El presente artículo de investigación da cuenta de la importancia que tiene la grafología en los procesos de selección de personal a partir del estudio del perfil criminal. Desde el constructo teórico, se abordan las teorías de la grafología descriptiva y emocional de Max Pulver, Mauricio Xandró y Augusto Vels, los cuales afirman que la grafología es una técnica que permite identificar estados emocionales, tipos de personalidad e inclinaciones de personalidad y esta es utilizada para determinar si los perfiles de las personas se ajustan a las necesidades de la organización, propendiendo de esta forma por la optimización de los recursos. Metodológicamente, es un estudio descriptivo explicativo, de corte documental, puesto que se abordan los principales estudios que en términos de grafología existen en la academia, basados principalmente en la acepción de las fichas documentales como instrumento para la recopilación y análisis de la información. Como conclusión, se obtuvo que la grafología forense permite identificar la concordancia que existe entre el perfil, el comportamiento del entrevistado, las necesidades de la organización y los rasgos de personalidad mostrados por los grafos inscritos por el entrevistado. Además de eso, permite diseñar un perfil supuesto del entrevistado en donde se puede rastrear la inclinación del aparato psíquico a la comisión de un delito económico.

El Caso “Bretón” concentra un cúmulo de elementos de hecho de difícil concurrencia en la jurisprudencia penal: una personalidad psicopática, narcisista y con trastorno obsesivo compulsivo; el asesinato de dos menores a manos de su propio padre; su crueldad en la forma de ejecución; el hecho de que esas muertes sean consecuencia de un proceso de separación conyugal; las dificultades y errores que se sucedieron durante la investigación de los hechos; la atracción mediática del asunto; las dificultades probatorias y de enjuiciamiento; y la construcción de una sentencia de condena basada en indicios., The Breton case concentrates an accumulation of fact elements of difficult concurrency in criminal jurisprudence: a psychopathic personality, narcissistic and obsessive compulsive disorder; the murder of two children by of his own father; his cruelty in the form of execution; the fact that these deaths are due to a process; the difficulties and errors that occurred during the investigation of the facts; the attraction of the matter by the media; the evidentiary difficulties of prosecution; and the construction of a judgment of conviction based on the evidences., 1. INTRODUCCIÓN. 2. PERFIL RIMINOLÓGICO DEL AUTOR. 2.1. Interacción con su círculo más íntimo y las autoridades. 2.2. Perfil criminológico. 3. PERSPECTIVA PENAL DEL CASO. 3.1. Declaraciones de Bretón. 3.2. Pruebas Periciales. 3.3. Decisión judicial: Sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Córdoba. 3.4. El proceso en segunda instancia: Sentencia del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Andalucía. 3.5. El proceso ante el Tribunal Supremo: Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo. 4. TRATAMIENTO PENITENCIARIO DEL AUTOR. 4.1. El Sistema Penitenciario. 4.2. Cronología de Bretón en Prisión. 4.3. El tratamiento penitenciario de José Bretón. 5. BIBLIOGRAFÍA Y OTRAS FUENTES.

Criminal profiling, as a relatively new technique, aims to involve criminologists, psychologists, and law enforcement officers to depict potential characteristics of dangerous offenders by assessing formers convicts, observing crime scenes, and interviewing victims so as to identify probable offenders. It is obvious that this technique can not accurately identify the offenders yet it limits the boundaries of possible suspects and helps law enforcement officers to identify the real criminal. The only probable and rational use of this technique relates to highly dangerous crimes and easier recognition of hardly detectable criminals. Therefore, it may also be applied to identify cyber criminals. In order to criminal profiling, it is possible to take advantages from focusing on two main indicators of behavioral presupposition of future offenders: First, to create a background of demographic, social, psychological and behavioral characteristics of cyber criminals; second, to analyze the collected data. In case of being properly analyzed, it can help profiler to gain an insight of the offenders; therefore, not only the collected data leads to identification of the offenders, but also it prevents delinquency. In this article, for reasons which will be referenced, the authors focus on social and demographic characteristics of cyber criminals and their motives. This article whose achievements are based on the study of cyber crime offenders and convicts in Iran, indicates that the cyber offenders like other offenders generally do not form a group of homogenous. However, there are some characteristics displayed stereotypically and without scientific support, may be prominently observed in cyber criminals (Hacker) and cyber.

Han sido numerosos los estudios que muestran en España diferentes características de los menores con expediente judicial, analizando aspectos relacionados con el sexo, tipo de delito, edad y número de expedientes. En España, en relación al sexo de los menores, existe un porcentaje de chicos del 87.3 % y un 12.7 % en chicas (Capdevila, 2005). En relación a los tipos de delitos cometidos, el 32.68 % pertenecen a robos con fuerza, el 24.44 % hurtos, y el 23.24 % a robos con violencia e intimidación (De la Rosa, 2009). Se producen más detenciones en menores con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 20 años, a continuación entre 16 a 17 años, y por último, entre 14 a 15 años (centro Reina Sofía, 2009). En cuanto al número de expedientes, diferentes estudios realizados en España recogen que la mayoría de los menores cuentan con un único expediente, es el caso del País Vasco con un 78.3 % de menores pertenecientes a este tipo de trayectoria (San Juan y Ocáriz, 2009). Esta investigación se realiza con el objetivo de elaborar un perfil de los menores que acuden a los juzgados de Castellón y determinar la relación entre distintas variables, comparando los resultados con los de otros estudios. Los datos se recogen en 2011 con una muestra de 206 menores que acuden al equipo técnico del Juzgado de Menores por la incoación de un expediente delictivo. A modo de conclusión, se puede afirmar que el perfil de los menores que acudían a los juzgados de Castellón tenía unas características similares a los estudios analizados y un perfil predominante de bajo nivel de riesgo en relación a la comisión de delitos. In Spain there are many studies showing different characteristic of juvenile with criminal files, analyzing issues related to sex, type of crime, age and number of files. In relation to gender, 87.3 % of the minors are boys and 12.7 % are girls (capdevila, 2005). Regarding types of crimes committed by minors, 32.68 % were robberies, 24.44 % were thefts, and 23.24 % were robbery with violence and threats (De la Rosa, 2009). Most arrests occur in juveniles aged between 18 and 20 years old, followed by the group of 16 to 17, and finally, between 14 and 15 years old (centro Reina Sofia, 2009). In regard to number of convictions, different studies in Spain concluded that most children have at most one, for example in País Vasco 78.3 % of minors belongs to this type of trajectory (San Juan and Ocáriz, 2009). The aim of this research is to develop a profile of the juveniles that attend to the Court of Castellón and to determine the relationship between different variables, comparing results with those of other studies. Data were gathered in 2011 from a sample of 206 minors prosecuted in the Juvenile Court. In conclusion, it was found that the profile of minors who came to the Court of Castellon had similar characteristic to the studies analyzed and a predominant profile associated to low risk of committing crimes.

Treball de final de Grau en Criminologia i Seguretat. Codi: CS1044. Curs acadèmic 2014-2015 La criminalidad por parte de los menores es un tema muy relevante en toda sociedad y, por ello, es necesario realizar un estudio amplio y completo sobre el mismo. Hay factores que envuelven al menor, que provocan en él un aumento de su voluntariedad criminal. A estos factores se les denomina factores de riesgo, y entre ellos están: el consumo de tóxicos y sustancias psicotrópicas, el maltrato, el padecimiento de un trastorno disocial, un estilo educativo inadecuado…). Para elaborar un perfil criminal del menor, hay que tener muy en cuenta todos estos elementos, pero también, otros denominados de protección cuya incidencia en el menor disminuye la posibilidad de cometer conductas antisociales, siendo por lo tanto, elementos positivos en el entorno de dichos sujetos. Entre estos factores protectores se encuentran: poseer un temperamento agradable, ser responsable, conseguir buenos resultados académicos, recibir una supervisión por los progenitores, existencia de una buena comunicación familiar…). Con el conjunto de estos datos se podrá predecir la posible conducta futura del menor. La reincidencia delictiva se basa en una buena parte, en el mantenimiento de esos factores de riesgo, lo que conduce a la persistencia de las conductas delictivas. Por ello, es de especial importancia la realización de una buena evaluación del menor, y así poder intervenir en esos factores negativos y poder aislarlos de su entorno. Existen varios instrumentos de evaluación para estos casos como son el YLS-CMI (Youth Level of Service- Case Management Inventory) o el SAVRY (Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth). Estos instrumentos ayudan al profesional para conocer su entorno y poder elaborar o establecer una mejor medida judicial. Criminality by minors or under age is a very important issue in every society and, therefore, it is necessary to make a broad and complete study through the same. There are some factors that surround the minor, causing him an increase of his criminal willfulness. These factors are called risk factors, among which we can find: the consumption of toxic drugs and psychotropic substances, mistreatment, suffering a conduct disorder, an inadequate educational style...).To prepare a criminal profile of the minor it must be taken into account all these elements, but also other called protective which incidence over the minor decreases the chance of committing antisocial behavior, being therefore, positive elements in the environment of these subjects. Between these protective factors are included: having a pleasant temperament, being responsible, getting good academic results, receiving supervision by parents, a good family communication...). With all this information, we can forecast the possible future minor’s behavior Reoccurrence is based in good part on the maintenance of these risk factors, leading to the persistence of criminal behavior. Therefore, it is especially important to conduct a good evaluation of the minor, like this we can intervene in these negative factors and isolate them from their environment. There are several testing tools for these cases such as the YLS -CMI (Youth Level of Service-Case Management Inventory) or SAVRY (Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth). These tools help the professional to know their environment and to develop or establish a better legal measure

El estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión teórica de los aspectos más importantes de la perfilación criminológica, así como las condiciones bajo las cuales se utiliza esta técnica en Colombia, los resultados que se han obtenido tras utilizarla y los desafíos que representa en este país. Tras realizar la revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, se encontró que pese al creciente desarrollo de la perfi- lación en países como Estados Unidos, el Reino Unido y España, en Colombia la perfilación criminológica es una técnica de investigación escasamente utilizada, y desconocida tanto por los profesionales de salud mental como por los operadores de justicia. Existen deficiencias en la recolección de información para el desarrollo del perfil, y grandes carencias de investigaciones empíricas que soporten la validez de la técnica. Sin embargo, deben reconocerse adelantos en cuanto al uso práctico que se da de esta técnica, tal como se presenta en un análisis de caso realizado por el Grupo de Ciencias del Comportamiento y Perfilación Criminal (CICOP) de la Policía Nacional. Al final se discuten los desafíos que representan los conocimientos generados respecto a la perfilación criminológica para la investigación criminal en Colombia. The purpose of this study has been to carry out a theoretical review of the most important aspects envisaged in forensic profiling together with the conditions in which this technique is used in Colombia and the results having been obtained here from its use, as well as the challenges posed. After having completed the review of the related literature, it was found that despite the growing experience gained in the development of profiling in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom and Spain, a still poorly used investigation technique prevails in Colombia, almost unknown to both mental health professionals and justice operators. There are some deficiencies in the collection of information required for profiling, as well as a notorious lack of empirical researches and investigations serving to support the validity of this technique; nevertheless, some advances should be acknowledged with regard to its practical use as shown in a case study analysis carried out by the National Police "CICOP" (Behavior Sciences and Criminal Profiling Group). To conclude, the challenges posed by knowledge obtained with regard to forensic profiling for criminal investigation in Colombia are discussed. O estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão teórica dos aspectos mais importantes da avaliação criminológica pelo perfil, assim como as condições nas quais se utiliza esta técnica na Colômbia, os resultados obtidos após sua utilização e os desafios que representa nesse país. Após ter feito a revisão da literatura no assunto, achou-se que apesar do desenvolvimento crescente da avaliação pelo perfil nos países como os Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e Espanha, na Colômbia a avaliação criminológica pelo perfil é uma técnica da investigação escassamente utilizada, e desconhecida pelos profissionais da saúde mental e pelos operadores da justiça. Têm deficiências na coleta das informações para o desenvolvimento do perfil, e as grandes carências das investigações empíricas que suportam a validez da técnica. Não obstante, é fundamental reconhecer avanços sobre o uso prático desta técnica, como se apresenta em uma análise de caso feita pelo Grupo de Ciências do Comportamento e Avaliação do Perfil Criminoso (CICOP) da Polícia Nacional. No final os desafios que representam o conhecimento gerado a respeito da avaliação criminológico pelo perfil são discutidos para a investigação criminal na Colômbia.

A presente dissertação insere-se no âmbito da investigação de variáveis associadas ao crime de femicídio definido como a morte de mulheres no contexto das relações íntimas. Pretendese nesta dissertação, caracterizar este tipo de crime em Portugal, identificando uma tipologia e os fatores de risco, com o intuito de desenvolver um plano de prevenção. Desta forma foram desenvolvidos cinco estudos teórica e metodologicamente distintos, mas complementares. No estudo 1 foi realizado um estudo de precisão do questionário/grelha de recolha de informação, com o propósito de testar a fiabilidade do mesmo. Os resultados indicaram que o instrumento é válido através do teste da sua precisão. O estudo 2 tem como objetivo identificar e avaliar uma tipologia para o crime de femicídio, associando as características dos agressores, das vítimas e do respetivo fenómeno criminal. Foram identificados quatro perfis criminais distintos que definem a existência de diferentes motivações e fatores de risco associados a cada perfil criminal. O estudo 3 tem como objetivo identificar e comparar os fatores de risco associados aos crimes de violência nas relações íntimas e femicídio que nos permitirão ajudar a prevenir violência futura e a reduzir o risco de femicídio. Os resultados indicaram que o fator mais preditivo do comportamento criminal é a existência de filhos de relações anteriores. O estudo 4 tem como objetivo desenvolver e validar questões que permitam analisar a relação entre a vinculação e o crime de femicídio a partir de instrumentos de avaliação da vinculação dos adultos. Os resultados indicaram que as questões apresentam precisão, validade convergente e discriminante. O estudo 5 consiste em estudar a relação entre as diferentes tipologias obtidas nos estudos anteriores e as relações de amor/afeto, conceptualizadas como um processo de vinculação. Os resultados indicaram que os femicidas tendem a desenvolver uma vinculação insegura nas suas relações de intimidade, possuem uma intensa preocupação com as relações e um desejo constante de proximidade, preocupação excessiva com o abandono e a perda nas relações de intimidade. Numa análise global aos perfis criminais obtidos verifica-se que cada um deles identifica fatores de risco específicos suscetíveis de prevenção. De facto, estes perfis permitem auxiliar os profissionais e as instituições que trabalham nesta área, a fazer uma leitura dos indicadores de risco de violência letal. This thesis intends to explore the variables associated with femicide defined as the killing of female by male partners with whom they have or have had a sexual and/or emotional relationship. The main goal of this thesis was to characterize this type of crime in Portugal, identifying a typology and risk factors in order to develop a prevention strategy. Thus five studies have been developed theoretically and methodologically distinct, but complementary. In study 1 was developed a questionnaire accuracy study, in order to test its reliability. The results indicated that the instrument is valid and accurate. The study 2 aims to identify and evaluate a femicide typology, combining the offenders and victims characteristics and this criminal phenomenon. We identified four different criminal profiles that define the existence of different motivations and risk factors associated with each criminal profile. The study 3 aims to identify and compare risk factors associated with intimate violence and femicide that allow us to help prevent future violence and reduce the femicide risk. The results indicated that the factor most predictive of criminal behavior is children from previous relationships. The study 4 aims to develop and validate questions in order to analyze the relationship between attachment and femicide. The results indicated that the questions are accurate and have convergent and discriminant validity. The study 5 aims to identify the relationship between the different criminal profiles obtained in previous studies and attachment. The results show us that the offenders tends to develop an insecure attachment in their intimate relationships, have an intense concern with relationships and a constant desire of closeness and obsession with abandonment and loss of intimacy. In a global analysis of the criminal profiles obtained it appears that each of them identifies specific risk factors may be prevented. In fact, these profiles allow aid professionals and institutions to have a deep knowledge about the risk of lethal violence.

Las diferencias entre las estadísticas que se relacionan con el fenómeno delictivo son importantes porque, no todos los registros, encajan dentro de un pensamiento de análisis que conlleve a la búsqueda de la génesis del delito, de las características de los grupos delincuenciales, de las circunstancias que generaron el hecho punible y las propuestas para su control; al considerar que es prioritario allanar las necesidades de información y para solventar algunas dificultades de fuentes primarias, con el fin de compartir los aspectos comunes con otras instituciones, la Policía Nacional desde 1958 empieza a administrar la información y registros de las infracciones a los reglamentos y leyes que protegen la convivencia ciudadana y fortalecen la seguridad. Para fortificar la capacidad adaptativa e influir en el entorno, con conocimientos de la realidad delincuencial, se plasma el recuento de una vivencia personal durante más de veinte años de trabajo en la Dirección de Investigación Criminal (DIJIN), razón por la cual las referencias bibliográficas son reducidas. En esta publicación se describe el ánimo de superación académica para hacer de la Revista Criminalidad un documento con mayores y mejores proyecciones, motivo que argumenta en gran parte la fundación del Centro de Investigaciones Criminológicas (CIC) que se crea como respuesta a la insuficiencia de exploración para pautar el desarrollo de la operatividad, los planes y programas por implementar, como respuesta social formal para la disminución de la criminalidad. El artículo presenta el desarrollo cronológico de la Revista Criminalidad como instrumento de difusión de las estadísticas de criminalidad colombianas en forma de anuario, al igual que un recuento fidedigno del CIC y de sus realizaciones. The differences between statistical figures related to the crime phenomenon are important as not all records fit into an analytical way of thought, which leads to the search for a genesis of crime, of the characteristics of the criminal groups, of the circumstances leading to the punishable act and to the proposals for its control. When considering that it is a priority to make way for the need for information and to overcome some of the difficulties from primary sources in order to share common aspects with other institutions, the National Police starts, as of 1958, to manage the information and records of the infractions to the statutes and laws protecting the citizens' co-existence and strengthen their security. In order to fortify the capacity to adapt and to influence the environs throughout the knowledge of the criminal reality, a history of personal experiences for over twenty years of work in the Direction of Criminal Investigation (DIJIN) is presented; that is why bibliographic references are scarce. In this publication, the desire to supersede academic goals to publish the Criminalidad magazine, a document with greater and higher projections, is described. And this is the reason for founding the Center for Criminological Research (CIC), which is created as an answer to the lack of exploration to have a path for the development of operational practices, and for the plans and programs to be implemented as a formal social answer to help lower crime. The article shows the chronological development of the Criminalidad magazine as an instrument to make known the Colombian crime statistics in the form of a yearbook, as well as the true summing up of CIC's history and its achievements.