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Исследуются некоторые вопросы, связанные с установлением субъективной стороны и субъекта незаконной добычи и оборота янтаря, нефрита или иных полудрагоценных камней. Конструирование норм при помощи административной преюдиции породило новый специальный субъект, а именно лицо, ранее подвергнутое наказанию за совершение административного правонарушения, предусмотренного ст. 7.5 «Самовольная добыча янтаря, нефрита или иных полудрагоценных камней» Кодекса РФ об административных правонарушениях. На основании анализа эффективности такой конструкции, делается вывод о не-обходимости расширения круга субъектов за счет лиц, имеющих судимость за аналогичное преступление. Предлагаются новая редакция статей 191 и 255 Уголовного Кодекса Российской Федерации с учетом изменённого субъектного состава. Исследование элементов субъективной стороны помогло установить, что преступления совершаются с прямым умыслом, а основным мотивом служит корысть. Рассмотрение криминальной мотивации с учетом ситуационного подхода позволило сформировать более целостную картину при помощи конкретных примеров влияния благоприятной криминогенной обстановки на формирование мотивационной сферы. Подобный подход обоснован необходимостью всестороннего, полного и объективного рассмотрения уголовного дела., The article examines issues related to the establishment of the subjective side and the subject of illegal mining and trafficking of amber, jade or other semi-precious stones. The construction of norms with the help of administrative prejudice gave rise to a new special subject, namely a person who had previously been punished for an administrative offense under Art. 7.5 «Unauthorized mining of amber, jade or other semi-precious stones» of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Reflecting on the effectiveness of such a construction, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to expand the circle of subjects at the expense of persons who have a criminal record for a similar crime. New editions of articles 191 and 255 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are proposed, taking into account the changed subject composition. Exploring the elements of the subjective side, it was found that crimes are committed with direct intent, and self-interest is the main motive. Consideration of criminal motivation, taking into account the situational approach, made it possible to form a more holistic picture of the crime in the relationship of subjective and objective factors, namely with the help of specific examples of the influence of a favorable criminogenic situation on the formation of a motivational sphere. Such an approach is justified by the need for a comprehensive, complete and objective consideration of the criminal case.

"The issue of stalking in modern times" Stalking is not a new phenomenon, but modern times, and especially the very dynamic development of modern technologies that have gradually become part of our lives, are taking this type of crime to a completely different dimension. This rigorous thesis deals mainly with the criminal offense of dangerous stalking according to § 354 of the Criminal Code and the related issue of misuse of modern technologies for the persecution of the victim, it also focuses on the motivation of the perpetrator and the behavior of the victim. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the legislative basis of dangerous stalking, describes the ways of possible use of available technologies for stalking. It also deals with the typology of perpetrators of dangerous stalking and their criminal motivation. The practical part of the work consists of seven case studies of this negative phenomenon from the Czech environment. The first case study focuses on a lawsuit resolved by the Municipal Court in Prague in early 2008. The described case could not be legally qualified as a criminal offense of dangerous stalking According to Section 354 of the Criminal Code, but had a fundamental impact on the legal regulation of stalking in the Czech Republic. Subsequent case studies describe cases in...

This research analyzes how the perception of organizational injustice motivates the practice of cybercrimes in the workplace. In a qualitative and exploratory investigation, interviews have been carried out for 16 specialists in cybernetic security. Data were analyzed through the categorical content analysis technique. The results obtained suggest that the perception of injustice produces negative feelings, such as low self-esteem, frustration, and lack of guilt, and these emotions, in turn, motivate the practice of cybercrimes. Different perceptions have been identified among the interviewees of this study, which are associated with the literature review related to the theme, allowed the proposition of a conceptual model. Esta pesquisa analisou como a percepção de injustiça organizacional motiva a prática de crimes cibernéticos no local de trabalho. Em uma investigação qualitativa e exploratória, foram realizadas entrevistas com 16 especialistas em segurança cibernética. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados sugerem que a percepção de injustiça produz sentimentos negativos como a baixa-estima, a frustração e a ausência de culpa, e que essas emoções motivam a prática de crimes cibernéticos. Diferentes percepções identificadas entre os entrevistados deste estudo, associadas à revisão da literatura referente ao tema, permitiram a proposição de um modelo conceitual.

There is extensive literature on risk factors leading to criminal behavior. However, most of these studies have been conducted in European and Anglo-Saxon countries, and there are few analogous studies in Latin America. Our mainaim was to analyze whether the criminal risk level estimated from the interaction between antisocial motivation and criminal opportunities helps to differentiate between adolescents with and without delinquent behavior (as proposed in the Triple Risk for Delinquency Model). We measured both official and self-reported antisocial behavior in a sample of 211 young people in Argentina. The results show a significant association between delinquency and personal, social and opportunity risk factors. Also, it was possible to differentiate between adolescents with and without official and self-reported antisocial behavior with high sensitivity and specificity, based on the estimation of criminal risk levels. We discuss the relevance and implications of these findings within the particular context of this study. Fil: Bobbio, Antonella. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina Fil: Arbach, Karin. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas; Argentina Fil: Redondo Illescas, Santiago. Universidad de Barcelona. Facultad de Psicologia. Departamento de Psicologia y Psicobiologia; España

RESUMO Esta pesquisa analisou como a percepção de injustiça organizacional motiva a prática de crimes cibernéticos no local de trabalho. Em uma investigação qualitativa e exploratória, foram realizadas entrevistas com 16 especialistas em segurança cibernética. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados sugerem que a percepção de injustiça produz sentimentos negativos como a baixa-estima, a frustração e a ausência de culpa, e que essas emoções motivam a prática de crimes cibernéticos. Diferentes percepções identificadas entre os entrevistados deste estudo, associadas à revisão da literatura referente ao tema, permitiram a proposição de um modelo conceitual. Abstract This research analyzes how the perception of organizational injustice motivates the practice of cybercrimes in the workplace. In a qualitative and exploratory investigation, interviews have been carried out for 16 specialists in cybernetic security. Data were analyzed through the categorical content analysis technique. The results obtained suggest that the perception of injustice produces negative feelings, such as low self-esteem, frustration, and lack of guilt, and these emotions, in turn, motivate the practice of cybercrimes. Different perceptions have been identified among the interviewees of this study, which are associated with the literature review related to the theme, allowed the proposition of a conceptual model.

в статье рассматривается существующая классификация мотивов серийных убийц. Предлагается авторская классификация, сформированная c использования методики предельных смыслов, предложенной Д.А. Леонтьевым., the article discusses the existing classification of motives of serial murderers. The author provides the classification, which is based on the technique of extreme meanings offered by D.A. Leontyev.

A Abstract of the thesis "The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology" Offender's personality is a summary of various aspects influencing one's behaviour in regards of a set offence. This paper focuses mainly on criminological and psychological aspects of people who commit violent crimes. It summarizes different typologies of offenders, schools of criminal causes, various aspects of personalities, and discusses prevention of criminality in the Czech Republic. In addition, it focuses greatly on stalking from theoretical as well as practical point of view through an extensive case study. The main foundation for this case study is a court case from early 2008, further anonymous due to request of the Municipal Court in Prague. Even though this case took place before stalking was recognised as a criminal offense in the Czech Republic, it served greatly as a foundation for its recognition, and thus plays a vital role. The main research questions of this thesis are a) "Why do people commit violent crimes?", and b) "What are the main intentions behind it?". With deeper understanding of the knowledge of offender's personality and motivation, findings of this paper can serve as a significant tool for prevention of criminal behaviour in society. The major research goal was to conduct the case study, and show...

There is no agreement in science on the question of motif appearance. The process of generating of motif and its influence on human behavior is called motivation. In Serbian under the term ”motivation” giving the causes and citing the reasons for certain behavior is concerned. In order to determine the content of criminal motivation process it is necessary to consider the relation between the needs and other personality factors determing that motivation process, generating from certain human needs as well. The essential and dynamic function is realized through the motivation process. The essence of motivation process is in dynamic since the motif is a dynamic psychobiological factor. The system-structural principle should be applied in motif-process study where motivation is to be concerned in aspect of the whole personality functioning. The motif conflicts as a segment of motivational process represents the complex intra-psychological conflict which occupies the whole lawbreaker personality structure. It is of great value for the criminal low science to analyze the motif conflicts which make the criminal to do or not to do the certain criminal act and represent the essential content of the guilt at the same time. The criminal motives outcome either from the certain criminal needs (antisocial and immoral) or the needs which are satisfied in criminal way. The criminal act is the most often done as a consequence of the motif gathering. The criminal motivation is defined as integral psychological (motivational) processing, development, differentiation, and realization of criminal motif which determines and directs the criminal act (criminal low act) of the law breaker-executor. The criminal motivation could be put into types of: (1) motivation of premeditation (intention) criminal delicts; (2) motivation of habitual criminal delicts; (3) motivation of premeditatioimpulsive criminal delicts; (4) motivation of culpa criminal delicts. The type of criminal motivation determines the content of motif and motivation. The criminal motivation is always destructive and is realized by the execution of criminal law act. The criminal motif is psycho-normative category. As a psychological category motif represents a psychological component without which any subjective element of criminal delict - GUILT can exist, while as a normative category motif represents one of the basis for the criminal-law reproach to the criminal - executor of criminal did.

In this scientific work, the author dr Aleksandar Djuric investigates and analyses criminal motivation of corruption incrimination through the valid Criminal Law of Serbia and the corruption unification: organizational criminal – institutionalized criminal. Like the previous question in considering causeconsequence relationship between criminal motivation and incriminated corruption, the author sets determination of essence of the terms:“corruption“.“criminal motive“ and “criminal motivation“. Criminal motive is an integrated psychological factor creating and determining the criminal behavior, which consists of undertaking and executing the criminal law act. Criminal motive is also a psychologically-normative category of guilt as subjectively specified criminal act. Criminal motivation is an integral psychological (motivational) process of creating, developing, differentiation, realisation of criminal motives. The functions of criminal motivational process are creatinve,selective,determining, confirming, regulating, controling. The mentioned functions of criminal motive and criminal motivation determine the guilt and the degree of guilt (premeditation and involuntary manslaughter). The guilt determine principal is valid in a criminal trial. While determining the guilt the criminal court has to determine the content and the sort of the criminal motive, the content of criminal motivation and its influence on the content of the guilt. The court mostly determines greed to be the basic criminal motive with the corruption incrimination (bribe giving and bribe taking). By analysing of the corruption incriminations in Criminal Law of Serbia, the author realizes that the criminal motives (mostly greed) are present directly or indirectly in the law normatives of the corruption incriminations. The author determines the content of the term “corruption” by following the formula: GREED = PROFIT + LOVE = INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ANTAGONISM (the cause of personality split, i.e. multiple soul disorder of psychological character). The author points out that – in case of early diagnosis of the causes of greed – we can easily treat the causes and the consequences as well, i.e. the corruption-organizational criminal-institutional criminal. Greed motive should be legally defined as a gained personality feature and unreasonable, unlimited, egoistic need or greed to gain profit. Greed has got a very intensive, concentrated mental energy which makes people proactive. It should be classified into profitable greed grades like: the profitable greed one (criminal motive being the facultative law qualificative element), the profitable greed two (criminal motive being the special element of criminal act), and the profitable greed three (criminal motive being the facultative law hard accusing element). In the end - The Criminal Motivation Law should be necessarily established. In accordance with the NGO report of Transparency International and Belgrade Centre for Human Rights, 2008, the author considers the physical influence of corruption to the gaining and law protection of human rights in Serbia. The main cause of non respecting the rights in Serbia is inside the executive authorities in Serbia. The Serbian executive authorities do not protect or axecute the regular law. The reason for such a state the author finds in the social phenomenon called „corruption-organizational criminal-institutional criminal“. The author finds the corruption so deeply implemented inside of the psychological structure of a civilian personality of an individual that it easily turns into organizational or institutional criminal act. The causes of corruption can and has to be cured. Concerning the corruption consequences sanation, as well as the organizational and institutional criminal acts being at the more perfidy grades of corruption – the author suggests the sequence of preventive and repressive measures. The quality and the sanation measure effectiveness depend on the personality types as well as the quality and intentions of the people engaged in the executive authorities in Serbia. If the state doesn’t control the corruption, the corruption will control the state.