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1. LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

Author

Ivezić, Željko, Kahn, Steven M, Tyson, J Anthony, Abel, Bob, Acosta, Emily, Allsman, Robyn, Alonso, David, AlSayyad, Yusra, Anderson, Scott F, Andrew, John, Angel, James Roger P, Angeli, George Z, Ansari, Reza, Antilogus, Pierre, Araujo, Constanza, Armstrong, Robert, Arndt, Kirk T, Astier, Pierre, Aubourg, Éric, Auza, Nicole, Axelrod, Tim S, Bard, Deborah J, Barr, Jeff D, Barrau, Aurelian, Bartlett, James G, Bauer, Amanda E, Bauman, Brian J, Baumont, Sylvain, Bechtol, Ellen, Bechtol, Keith, Becker, Andrew C, Becla, Jacek, Beldica, Cristina, Bellavia, Steve, Bianco, Federica B, Biswas, Rahul, Blanc, Guillaume, Blazek, Jonathan, Blandford, Roger D, Bloom, Josh S, Bogart, Joanne, Bond, Tim W, Booth, Michael T, Borgland, Anders W, Borne, Kirk, Bosch, James F, Boutigny, Dominique, Brackett, Craig A, Bradshaw, Andrew, Brandt, William Nielsen, Brown, Michael E, Bullock, James S, Burchat, Patricia, Burke, David L, Cagnoli, Gianpietro, Calabrese, Daniel, Callahan, Shawn, Callen, Alice L, Carlin, Jeffrey L, Carlson, Erin L, Chandrasekharan, Srinivasan, Charles-Emerson, Glenaver, Chesley, Steve, Cheu, Elliott C, Chiang, Hsin-Fang, Chiang, James, Chirino, Carol, Chow, Derek, Ciardi, David R, Claver, Charles F, Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Cockrum, Joseph J, Coles, Rebecca, Connolly, Andrew J, Cook, Kem H, Cooray, Asantha, Covey, Kevin R, Cribbs, Chris, Cui, Wei, Cutri, Roc, Daly, Philip N, Daniel, Scott F, Daruich, Felipe, Daubard, Guillaume, Daues, Greg, Dawson, William, Delgado, Francisco, Dellapenna, Alfred, de Peyster, Robert, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Digel, Seth W, Doherty, Peter, Dubois, Richard, Dubois-Felsmann, Gregory P, Durech, Josef, Economou, Frossie, Eifler, Tim, Eracleous, Michael, Emmons, Benjamin L, and Neto, Angelo Fausti

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, astrometry, cosmology: observations, Galaxy: general, methods: observational, stars: general, surveys, astro-ph, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the solar system, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a large, wide-field ground-based system designed to obtain repeated images covering the sky visible from Cerro Pachón in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg 2 field of view, a 3.2-gigapixel camera, and six filters (ugrizy) covering the wavelength range 320-1050 nm. The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. About 90% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode that will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg 2 region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 yr of operations and will yield a co-added map to r ∼27.5. These data will result in databases including about 32 trillion observations of 20 billion galaxies and a similar number of stars, and they will serve the majority of the primary science programs. The remaining 10% of the observing time will be allocated to special projects such as Very Deep and Very Fast time domain surveys, whose details are currently under discussion. We illustrate how the LSST science drivers led to these choices of system parameters, and we describe the expected data products and their characteristics.

Published
2019

2. LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

Author

Ivezić, Željko, Kahn, Steven M., Tyson, J. Anthony, Abel, Bob, Acosta, Emily, Allsman, Robyn, Alonso, David, AlSayyad, Yusra, Anderson, Scott F., Andrew, John, Angel, James Roger P., Angeli, George Z., Ansari, Reza, Antilogus, Pierre, Araujo, Constanza, Armstrong, Robert, Arndt, Kirk T., Astier, Pierre, Aubourg, Éric, Auza, Nicole, Axelrod, Tim S., Bard, Deborah J., Barr, Jeff D., Barrau, Aurelian, Bartlett, James G., Bauer, Amanda E., Bauman, Brian J., Baumont, Sylvain, Becker, Andrew C., Becla, Jacek, Beldica, Cristina, Bellavia, Steve, Bianco, Federica B., Biswas, Rahul, Blanc, Guillaume, Blazek, Jonathan, Blandford, Roger D., Bloom, Josh S., Bogart, Joanne, Bond, Tim W., Borgland, Anders W., Borne, Kirk, Bosch, James F., Boutigny, Dominique, Brackett, Craig A., Bradshaw, Andrew, Brandt, William Nielsen, Brown, Michael E., Bullock, James S., Burchat, Patricia, Burke, David L., Cagnoli, Gianpietro, Calabrese, Daniel, Callahan, Shawn, Callen, Alice L., Chandrasekharan, Srinivasan, Charles-Emerson, Glenaver, Chesley, Steve, Cheu, Elliott C., Chiang, Hsin-Fang, Chiang, James, Chirino, Carol, Chow, Derek, Ciardi, David R., Claver, Charles F., Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Cockrum, Joseph J., Coles, Rebecca, Connolly, Andrew J., Cook, Kem H., Cooray, Asantha, Covey, Kevin R., Cribbs, Chris, Cui, Wei, Cutri, Roc, Daly, Philip N., Daniel, Scott F., Daruich, Felipe, Daubard, Guillaume, Daues, Greg, Dawson, William, Delgado, Francisco, Dellapenna, Alfred, de Peyster, Robert, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Digel, Seth W., Doherty, Peter, Dubois, Richard, Dubois-Felsmann, Gregory P., Durech, Josef, Economou, Frossie, Eracleous, Michael, Ferguson, Henry, Figueroa, Enrique, Fisher-Levine, Merlin, Focke, Warren, Foss, Michael D., Frank, James, Freemon, Michael D., Gangler, Emmanuel, Gawiser, Eric, Geary, John C., Gee, Perry, Geha, Marla, Gessner, Charles J. B., Gibson, Robert R., Gilmore, D. Kirk, Glanzman, Thomas, Glick, William, Goldina, Tatiana, Goldstein, Daniel A., Goodenow, Iain, Graham, Melissa L., Gressler, William J., Gris, Philippe, Guy, Leanne P., Guyonnet, Augustin, Haller, Gunther, Harris, Ron, Hascall, Patrick A., Haupt, Justine, Hernandez, Fabio, Herrmann, Sven, Hileman, Edward, Hoblitt, Joshua, Hodgson, John A., Hogan, Craig, Huang, Dajun, Huffer, Michael E., Ingraham, Patrick, Innes, Walter R., Jacoby, Suzanne H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jammes, Fabrice, Jee, James, Jenness, Tim, Jernigan, Garrett, Jevremović, Darko, Johns, Kenneth, Johnson, Anthony S., Johnson, Margaret W. G., Jones, R. Lynne, Juramy-Gilles, Claire, Jurić, Mario, Kalirai, Jason S., Kallivayalil, Nitya J., Kalmbach, Bryce, Kantor, Jeffrey P., Karst, Pierre, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Kelly, Heather, Kessler, Richard, Kinnison, Veronica, Kirkby, David, Knox, Lloyd, Kotov, Ivan V., Krabbendam, Victor L., Krughoff, K. Simon, Kubánek, Petr, Kuczewski, John, Kulkarni, Shri, Ku, John, Kurita, Nadine R., Lage, Craig S., Lambert, Ron, Lange, Travis, Langton, J. Brian, Guillou, Laurent Le, Levine, Deborah, Liang, Ming, Lim, Kian-Tat, Lintott, Chris J., Long, Kevin E., Lopez, Margaux, Lotz, Paul J., Lupton, Robert H., Lust, Nate B., MacArthur, Lauren A., Mahabal, Ashish, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Marsh, Darren S., Marshall, Philip J., Marshall, Stuart, May, Morgan, McKercher, Robert, McQueen, Michelle, Meyers, Joshua, Migliore, Myriam, Miller, Michelle, Mills, David J., Miraval, Connor, Moeyens, Joachim, Monet, David G., Moniez, Marc, Monkewitz, Serge, Montgomery, Christopher, Mueller, Fritz, Muller, Gary P., Arancibia, Freddy Muñoz, Neill, Douglas R., Newbry, Scott P., Nief, Jean-Yves, Nomerotski, Andrei, Nordby, Martin, O'Connor, Paul, Oliver, John, Olivier, Scot S., Olsen, Knut, O'Mullane, William, Ortiz, Sandra, Osier, Shawn, Owen, Russell E., Pain, Reynald, Palecek, Paul E., Parejko, John K., Parsons, James B., Pease, Nathan M., Peterson, J. Matt, Peterson, John R., Petravick, Donald L., Petrick, M. E. Libby, Petry, Cathy E., Pierfederici, Francesco, Pietrowicz, Stephen, Pike, Rob, Pinto, Philip A., Plante, Raymond, Plate, Stephen, Price, Paul A., Prouza, Michael, Radeka, Veljko, Rajagopal, Jayadev, Rasmussen, Andrew P., Regnault, Nicolas, Reil, Kevin A., Reiss, David J., Reuter, Michael A., Ridgway, Stephen T., Riot, Vincent J., Ritz, Steve, Robinson, Sean, Roby, William, Roodman, Aaron, Rosing, Wayne, Roucelle, Cecille, Rumore, Matthew R., Russo, Stefano, Saha, Abhijit, Sassolas, Benoit, Schalk, Terry L., Schellart, Pim, Schindler, Rafe H., Schmidt, Samuel, Schneider, Donald P., Schneider, Michael D., Schoening, William, Schumacher, German, Schwamb, Megan E., Sebag, Jacques, Selvy, Brian, Sembroski, Glenn H., Seppala, Lynn G., Serio, Andrew, Serrano, Eduardo, Shaw, Richard A., Shipsey, Ian, Sick, Jonathan, Silvestri, Nicole, Slater, Colin T., Smith, J. Allyn, Smith, R. Chris, Sobhani, Shahram, Soldahl, Christine, Storrie-Lombardi, Lisa, Stover, Edward, Strauss, Michael A., Street, Rachel A., Stubbs, Christopher W., Sullivan, Ian S., Sweeney, Donald, Swinbank, John D., Szalay, Alexander, Takacs, Peter, Tether, Stephen A., Thaler, Jon J., Thayer, John Gregg, Thomas, Sandrine, Thukral, Vaikunth, Tice, Jeffrey, Trilling, David E., Turri, Max, Van Berg, Richard, Berk, Daniel Vanden, Vetter, Kurt, Virieux, Francoise, Vucina, Tomislav, Wahl, William, Walkowicz, Lucianne, Walsh, Brian, Walter, Christopher W., Wang, Daniel L., Wang, Shin-Yawn, Warner, Michael, Wiecha, Oliver, Willman, Beth, Winters, Scott E., Wittman, David, Wolff, Sidney C., Wood-Vasey, W. Michael, Wu, Xiuqin, Xin, Bo, Yoachim, Peter, and Zhan, Hu

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world., Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overview

Published
2008
Full Text
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3. High performance astronomical data communications in the LSST data management system

Author

Bridger, Alan, Radziwill, Nicole M., Kantor, Jeff, Lambert, Ron, Cox, Chip, Levine, Deborah, Smith, Chris, Jagatheeson, Arun, Cribbs, Chris, Bridger, Alan, Radziwill, Nicole M., Kantor, Jeff, Lambert, Ron, Cox, Chip, Levine, Deborah, Smith, Chris, Jagatheeson, Arun, and Cribbs, Chris

Abstract

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is an 8.4m (6.5m effective), wide-field (9.6 degree2), ground-based telescope with a 3.2 GPixel camera. It will survey over 20,000 degree2 with 1,000 re-visits over 10 years in six visible bands, and is scheduled to begin full scientific operations in 2016. The Data Management System will acquire and process the images, issue transient alerts, and catalog the world's largest database of optical astronomical data. Every 24 hours, 15 terabytes of raw data will be transferred via redundant 10 Gbps fiber optics down from the mountain summit at Cerro Pachon, Chile to the Base Facility in La Serena for transient alert processing. Simultaneously, the data will be transferred at 2.5Gbps over fiber optics to the Archive Center in Champaign, Illinois for archiving and further scientific processing and creation of scientific data catalogs. Finally, the Archive Center will distribute the processed data and catalogs at 10Gbps to a number Data Access Centers for scientific ,educational, and public access. Redundant storage and network bandwidth is built into the design of the system. The current networking acquistiion strategy involves leveraging existing dark fiber to handle within Chile, Chile - U.S. and within U.S. links. There are a significant number of carriers and networks involved and coordinating the acquisition, deployment, and operations of this capability. Advanced protocols are being investigated during our Research and Development phase to address anticipated challenges in effective utilization. We describe the data communications requirements, architecture, and acquisition strategy in this paper.

Published
2008

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