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The article seeks to study the social innovation initiatives that responded to the crisis generatedby the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the conceptualization of social innovation, the elementsthat allow an initiative to be identified as socially innovative are identified. The initiatives are characterized,their spatiality is studied in the context of the city of Madrid and the conditions that facilitatedtheir development, considering social innovation as a phenomenon dependent on the trajectory of the territories where it is located. Through the case study of the associative phenomenon in the Alucheneighborhood (Latina District), the capacity for social transformation of the Aluche Support Networkinitiative and the explanatory factors of its emergence and development are explored, with special attentionto the issue of citizen organization., El artículo busca estudiar las iniciativas de innovación social que respondieron a la crisis generada por la pandemia del COVID-19. A partir de la conceptualización de la innovación social, se identifican los elementos que permiten señalar a una iniciativa como socialmente innovadora. Se caracterizan las iniciativas, se estudia su espacialidad en el contexto de la ciudad de Madrid y las condiciones que facilitaron su desarrollo, considerando la innovación social como un fenómeno dependiente de la trayectoria de los territorios donde se localiza. A través del estudio de caso del fenómeno asociativo en el Barrio de Aluche (Distrito de Latina), se profundiza en la capacidad de transformación social de la iniciativa de la Red de Apoyo de Aluche y en los factores explicativos de su surgimiento y desarrollo, con especial atención a la cuestión de la organización ciudadana., Este artigo busca estudar as iniciativas de inovação social que responderam à crise geradapela pandemia da COVID-19. Com base na conceituação de inovação social, são identificados os elementosque permitem identificar uma iniciativa como socialmente inovadora. Caracterizam-se as iniciativas,estuda-se a sua espacialidade no contexto da cidade de Madrid e as condições que facilitaram oseu desenvolvimento, considerando a inovação social como um fenômeno dependente da trajetória dosterritórios onde se insere. Por meio do estudo de caso do fenômeno associativo no bairro de Aluche(Distrito de Latina), explora-se a capacidade de transformação social da iniciativa Rede de Apoio Aluchee os fatores explicativos do seu surgimento e desenvolvimento, com atenção especial à questão daorganização cidadã.

Haptic rendering of weight plays an essential role in naturalistic object interaction in virtual environments. While kinesthetic devices have traditionally been used for this aim by applying forces on the limbs, tactile interfaces acting on the skin have recently offered potential solutions to enhance or substitute kinesthetic ones. Here, we aim to provide an in-depth overview and comparison of existing tactile weight rendering approaches. We categorized these approaches based on their type of stimulation into asymmetric vibration and skin stretch, further divided according to the working mechanism of the devices. Then, we compared these approaches using various criteria, including physical, mechanical, and perceptual characteristics of the reported devices. We found that asymmetric vibration devices have the smallest form factor, while skin stretch devices relying on the motion of flat surfaces, belts, or tactors present numerous mechanical and perceptual advantages for scenarios requiring more accurate weight rendering. Finally, we discussed the selection of the proposed categorization of devices together with the limitations and opportunities for future research. We hope this study guides the development and use of tactile interfaces to achieve a more naturalistic object interaction and manipulation in virtual environments.

La Encuesta Financiera de las Familias 2020 (EFF2020) proporciona información detallada sobre la renta, los activos, las deudas y los gastos de los hogares españoles referida a finales de 2020. Dada la falta de fuentes estadísticas alternativas que proporcionen información sobre estas dimensiones para los mismos hogares, la concurrencia de esta edición de la encuesta con la pandemia de COVID-19 la hace si cabe más única, permitiendo analizar todas estas variables de forma conjunta en un contexto excepcional. Como en ediciones anteriores, el presente documento ofrece una descripción pormenorizada de los aspectos metodológicos más relevantes del diseño y la implementación de la edición de 2020: el diseño muestral, el cuestionario, el proceso de recogida de datos, la validación de los mismos, el cálculo de los pesos y la imputación. Además, también describe los cambios metodológicos más importantes que fueron implementados a consecuencia de la pandemia; en especial, el modo de la entrevista, que pasó de ser presencial a telefónico, The Spanish Survey of Household Finances 2020 (EFF2020) provides detailed information on the income, assets, debt and spending of Spanish households as at end-2020. Given the lack of alternative statistical sources that provide detailed household-level information on these variables for the same households, the concurrence of this edition of the survey with the COVID-19 pandemic makes it unique, allowing for all these variables to be analysed together in an exceptional setting. As in previous editions, this paper provides a detailed description of the most relevant methodological aspects of the design and implementation of the 2020 edition, including: the sample design, the questionnaire, the data collection process, the validation of the data, the computation of weights and the imputation procedures. In addition, it also describes the most important methodological changes that had to be implemented as a result of the pandemic, mainly the interviewing mode, which was switched from CAPI to CATI.

In stroke rehabilitation, simple robotic devices hold the potential to increase the training dosage in group therapies and to enable continued therapy at home after hospital discharge. However, we identified a lack of portable and cost-effective devices that not only focus on improving motor functions but also address sensory deficits. Thus, we designed a minimally-actuated hand training device that incorporates active grasping movements and passive pronosupination, complemented by a rehabilitative game with meaningful haptic feedback. Following a human-centered design approach, we conducted a usability study with 13 healthy participants, including three therapists. In a simulated unsupervised environment, the naive participants had to set up and use the device based on written instructions. Our mixed-methods approach included quantitative data from performance metrics, standardized questionnaires, and eye tracking, alongside qualitative feedback from semi-structured interviews. The study results highlighted the device's overall ease of setup and use, as well as its realistic haptic feedback. The eye-tracking analysis further suggested that participants felt safe during usage. Moreover, the study provided crucial insights for future improvements such as a more intuitive and comfortable wrist fixation, more natural pronosupination movements, and easier-to-follow instructions. Our research underscores the importance of continuous testing in the development process and offers significant contributions to the design of user-friendly, unsupervised neurorehabilitation technologies to improve sensorimotor stroke rehabilitation.

In current virtual reality settings for motor skill training, only visual information is usually provided regarding the virtual objects the trainee interacts with. However, information gathered through cutaneous (tactile feedback) and muscle mechanoreceptors (kinesthetic feedback) regarding, e.g., object shape, is crucial to successfully interact with those objects. To provide this essential information, previous haptic interfaces have targeted to render either tactile or kinesthetic feedback while the effectiveness of multimodal tactile and kinesthetic feedback on the perception of the characteristics of virtual objects still remains largely unexplored. Here, we present the results from an experiment we conducted with sixteen participants to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal tactile and kinesthetic feedback on shape perception. Using a within-subject design, participants were asked to reproduce virtual shapes after exploring them without visual feedback and with either congruent tactile and kinesthetic feedback or with only kinesthetic feedback. Tactile feedback was provided with a cable-driven platform mounted on the fingertip, while kinesthetic feedback was provided using a haptic glove. To measure the participants’ ability to perceive and reproduce the rendered shapes, we measured the time participants spent exploring and reproducing the shapes and the error between the rendered and reproduced shapes after exploration. Furthermore, we assessed the participants’ workload and motivation using well-established questionnaires. We found that concurrent tactile and kinesthetic feedback during shape exploration resulted in lower reproduction errors and longer reproduction times. The longer reproduction times for the combined condition may indicate that participants could learn the shapes better and, thus, were more careful when reproducing them. We did not find differences between conditions in the time spent exploring the shapes or the participants’ workload

El presente estudio muestra cómo comparan las magnitudes construidas a partir de los microdatos de la Encuesta Financiera de las Familias (EFF) con magnitudes de fuentes alternativas, como las Cuentas Financieras y otras encuestas de renta y consumo. Para ello, primero se analizan las diferencias más destacadas entre las fuentes y los principales conceptos que pueden compararse. Para aquellas magnitudes que son conceptualmente comparables, se cuantifica en qué medida las magnitudes de la EFF capturan las de las otras fuentes usadas. En este sentido, se documenta que el grado de comparabilidad conceptual y cuantitativa es alto. Los resultados muestran que tanto los agregados no financieros como las deudas en la EFF son similares a las magnitudes agregadas de las otras fuentes. La composición de los activos financieros en manos de los hogares en términos agregados es similar entre fuentes, mientras que la comparación individual de cada categoría de activo varía. En particular, las magnitudes correspondientes a las acciones cotizadas y las no cotizadas son las más cercanas a las magnitudes comparables de las Cuentas Financieras. Para la renta, el agregado calculado a partir de la EFF es similar a los agregados calculados a partir de otras fuentes diferentes. Los resultados también muestran que la similitud entre la EFF y otras fuentes ha mejorado a lo largo de las olas para algunas variables concretas, como, por ejemplo, para las magnitudes de deudas., This paper assesses how magnitudes constructed from Spanish Survey of Household Finances (EFF) micro data compare with magnitudes from alternative sources, including the Financial Accounts of the Spanish Economy (FASE) and other income and consumption surveys. To do so, first we analyse the main differences among the sources and the main concepts that can be compared. For those magnitudes that are conceptually comparable, we quantify the extent to which the EFF magnitudes capture those from the other sources used. We document a high degree of conceptual and quantitative comparability. Our results show that aggregate non-financial assets and debts from the EFF are similar to the aggregated magnitudes from other sources. The composition of the financial asset portfolio held by households in aggregate terms is also similar across the sources, while the comparison for each individual financial asset category varies. In particular, listed and unlisted shares in the survey are the closest to their FASE counterparts. For income, the aggregate calculated on the basis of the EFF data is close to the aggregates calculated from several different sources. The results also show that the similarity between the EFF and other sources has improved across waves for some particular variables, for example, debt magnitudes.