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3. Corrected thermodynamics of nonlinear magnetic-charged black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter

Author

Ndongmo, Ragil Brand Tsafack, Mahamat, Saleh, Bouetou, Thomas, Tabi, Conrad Bertrand, and Kofané, Timoléon Crépin

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the influence of perfect fluid dark matter and quantum corrections on the thermodynamics of non-linear magnetic-charged black hole. We consider the metric of the static non-linear magnetic-charged black hole in the background of perfect fluid dark matter. Starting with the black hole temperature and the corrected entropy, we use the event horizon propriety in order to find the temperature, and based on the surface gravity definition, we find the uncorrected entropy. However, using the definition of the corrected entropy due to thermal fluctuation, we find and plot the entropy of the black hole. We find that the entropy is highly affected for smaller non-linear magnetic-charged black holes. Afterwards, we study the thermodynamic stability of the black hole by computing and plotting the evolution of heat capacity. The results show that second-order phase transition occurs, which appears more later as the dark matter parameter decreases, and leads the black hole to move from the stable phase to the unstable phase. Furthermore, we show that the heat capacity for smaller black holes are also affected, since it appears not being only an increasing function., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023
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4. Cesium atoms in cryogenic argon matrix

Author

Battard, Thomas, Lahs, Sebastian, Crépin, Claudine, and Comparat, Daniel

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

This paper presents both experimental and theoretical investigations into the spectroscopy of dilute cesium (Cs) atoms within a solid argon (Ar) matrix at cryogenic temperatures. This system is relevant for matrix isolation spectroscopy and in particular for recently proposed methods for investigating phenomena that extend beyond the standard model of particle physics. We record absorption spectra at various deposition temperatures and examine the evolution of these spectra post-deposition with respect to temperature changes. Taking advantage of Cs-Ar and Ar-Ar pairwise interaction potentials, we conduct a stability study of trapping sites, which indicates a preference for T$_{\rm d}$ (tetrahedral, 4 vacancies) and O$_{\rm h}$ (cubic, 6 vacancies) symmetries. By implementing a mean-field analysis of the long-range Cs(6s,6p)-Ar-Ar triple dipole interaction, combined with a temperature-dependent shift in zero point energy, we propose effective Cs(6s,6p)-Ar pairwise potentials. Upon integrating these pairwise potentials with spin-orbit coupling, we achieve a satisfactory agreement between the observed and simulated absorption line positions. The observed line broadening is reasonably well reproduced by a semi-classical thermal Monte Carlo approach based on Mulliken-type differences between excited and ground potential curves. Additionally, we develop a simple, first-order crystal field theory featuring only 6 interaction mode coordinates. It uses the reflection approximation and incorporates quantized (phonon) normal modes. This produces a narrow triplet structure but not the observed amount of splitting.

Published
2023
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5. Dissipative light bullets in a doped and weakly nonlocal optical fiber

Author

Ngon, Ghislaine Flore Kabadiang, Tabi, Conrad Bertrand, and Kofané, Timoléon Crépin

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

The letter introduces an extended (3+1)-dimensional [(3+1)D] nonlocal cubic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation describing the dynamics of dissipative light bullets in optical fiber amplifiers under the interplay between dopants and a spatially nonlocal nonlinear response. The model equation includes the effects of fiber dispersion, linear gain, nonlinear loss, fiber nonlinearity, atomic detuning, linear and nonlinear diffractive transverse effects, and nonlocal nonlinear response. A system of coupled ordinary differential equations for the amplitude, temporal, and spatial pulse widths and position of the pulse maximum, unequal wavefront curvatures, chirp parameters, and phase shift is derived using the variational technique. A stability criterion is established, where a domain of dissipative parameters for stable steady-state solutions is found. Direct integration of the proposed nonlocal evolution equation is performed, which allows us to investigate the evolution of the Gaussian beam along a doped nonlocal optical fiber, showing stable self-organized dissipative spatiotemporal light bullets.

Published
2023

6. Modulation instability gain and localized waves by modified Frenkel-Kontorova model of higher order nonlinearity

Author

Houwe, Alphonse, Abbagari, Souleymanou, Akinyemi, Lanre, Doka, Serge Yamigno, and Crepin, Kofane Timoleon

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis
Abstract

In this paper, modulation instability and nonlinear supratransmission are investigated in a one-dimensional chain of atoms using cubic-quartic nonlinearity coefficients. As a result, we establish the discrete nonlinear evolution equation by using the multi-scale scheme. To calculate the modulation instability gain, we use the linearizing scheme. Particular attention is given to the impact of the higher nonlinear term on the modulation instability. Following that, full numerical integration was performed to identify modulated wave patterns, as well as the appearance of a rogue wave. Through the nonlinear supratransmission phenomenon, one end of the discrete model is driven into the forbidden bandgap. As a result, for driving amplitudes above the supratransmission threshold, the solitonic bright soliton and modulated wave patterns are satisfied. An important behavior is observed in the transient range of time of propagation when the bright solitonic wave turns into a chaotic solitonic wave. These results corroborate our analytical investigations on the modulation instability and show that the one-dimensional chain of atoms is a fruitful medium to generate long-lived modulated waves.

Published
2023
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7. Effectiveness evaluation of an organisational intervention, targeting pregnancy and addiction care professionals, among women who have just given birth in maternity wards and smoked tobacco during pregnancy (5A-QUIT-N): study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial

Author

Fleur Delva, Patrick Brochard, Marc Auriacombe, Charlotte Kervran, Linda Cambon, François Alla, Melina Fatseas, Judith Martin-Fernandez, Rachid Salmi, Dominique Dallay, Marion Kret, Loïc Sentilhes, Claire Brandet, Philippe Castéra, Chantal Raherison-Semjen, Nolwenn Stevens, Florence Francis-Oliviero, Sandra Ros, Adrianna Burtin, Rebecca Ratel, Estelle Clet, Fidéline Collin, Séverine Martiren, Sarah Perrin, Carla Monin, Séverine Barandon, Florence Calluaud, Annie Campagne, Louise Delavenne, Macha Cambier, Léo Donzel Godinot, Gaëlle Dreveau, Emmanuelle Gagnou, Anne-Florence Le Faou, Cathy Meier, Emilie Roquand-Wagner, Martine Valadie-Jeannel, Isabelle Vidal, Jérôme Wittwer, Césarine Sambou, Clément Berliet, André Nguyen, Marina Touron, Johanne Bozec, Sarah Tarmoul, Thininhane Ouaker, Manon Crepin, Sabrina Fournier, Gwendoline Mazurie, Clara Corfias, Isabelle Quintana, and Younès Yaaraf

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Introduction In 2021, among French women who smoked when they knew they were pregnant, 59% still smoked at the end of pregnancy. Support for pregnant women to stop smoking must include a structured organisational perspective. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the 5A-QUIT-N organisational intervention on smoking cessation at delivery among pregnant women who smoke during pregnancy.Methods and analysis The overarching goal of the 5A-QUIT-N intervention, which aims to organise the healthcare professionals monitoring pregnancy, specialists in addiction and tobacco use, and clinical and training tools, using the 5As method. The 5A-QUIT-N intervention will be evaluated in a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. Within each cluster, during the 6 months before (control) and after (intervention) the intervention, women who smoke tobacco during pregnancy will be enrolled during their maternity stay after delivery. A transition period is planned between the control and intervention periods to deploy the intervention. All participating women will be interviewed using a heteroquestionnaire to assess smoking cessation, tobacco use monitoring by healthcare professionals and individual factors associated with tobacco use during pregnancy. The primary outcome was the point prevalence of abstinence at delivery, which is the proportion of women reporting abstinence from smoking for at least 7 days at delivery. 4200 women who smoked tobacco during pregnancy will be recruited over the entire study period (33 months) to evaluate the effectiveness. An estimated 4585 participants will be included for all aims.Ethics and dissemination The study will be implemented in accordance with French regulations. The study including the consent process has been independently reviewed and approved by the French ethical board ‘CPP Ile de France I’ on 10 February 2022 (No CPPIDF1-2022-DI08-cat.2). The results will be disseminated on various academic and non-academic platforms. The results will be reported in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international and national conferences.

Published
2024
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10. A Randomized, Open-Label, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial Assessing 7 Versus 14 Days of Antimicrobial Therapy for Severe Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: The OPTIMISE Trial Protocol

Author

Arns, Beatriz, Horvath, Jaqueline Driemeyer C., Rech, Gabriela Soares, Sesin, Guilhermo Prates, Agani, Crepin Aziz Jose Oluwafoumi, da Rosa, Bruna Silveira, dos Santos, Tiago Marcon, Brochier, Liliane Spencer Bittencourt, Cavalcanti, Alexandre Biasi, Tomazini, Bruno Martins, Pereira, Adriano Jose, Veiga, Viviane Cordeiro, Nascimento, Giovana Marssola, Kalil, Andre C., and Zavascki, Alexandre P.

Published
2024
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11. Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the health professionals (COMET-HP) study: depression, suicidal tendencies and conspiracism.

Author

Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N, N. Karakatsoulis, Grigorios, Abraham, Seri, Adorjan, Kristina, Ahmed, Helal Uddin, Alarcón, Renato D, Arai, Kiyomi, Auwal, Sani Salihu, Bobes, Julio, Bobes-Bascaran, Teresa, Bourgin-Duchesnay, Julie, Bredicean, Cristina Ana, Bukelskis, Laurynas, Burkadze, Akaki, Cabrera Abud, Indira Indiana, Castilla-Puentes, Ruby, Cetkovich, Marcelo, Colon-Rivera, Hector, Corral, Ricardo, Cortez-Vergara, Carla, Crepin, Piirika, de Berardis, Domenico, Zamora Delgado, Sergio, de Lucena, David, de Sousa, Avinash, di Stefano, Ramona, Dodd, Seetal, Elek, Livia Priyanka, Elissa, Anna, Erdelyi-Hamza, Berta, Erzin, Gamze, Etchevers, Martin J, Falkai, Peter, Farcas, Adriana, Fedotov, Ilya, Filatova, Viktoriia, Fountoulakis, Nikolaos K, Frankova, Iryna, Franza, Francesco, Frias, Pedro, Galako, Tatiana, Garay, Cristian J, Garcia-Álvarez, Leticia, García-Portilla, Paz, Gonda, Xenia, Gondek, Tomasz M, Morera González, Daniela, Gould, Hilary, Grandinetti, Paolo, Grau, Arturo, Groudeva, Violeta, Hagin, Michal, Harada, Takayuki, Hasan, Tasdik M, Azreen Hashim, Nurul, Hilbig, Jan, Hossain, Sahadat, Iakimova, Rossitza, Ibrahim, Mona, Iftene, Felicia, Ignatenko, Yulia, Irarrazaval, Matias, Ismail, Zaliha, Ismayilova, Jamila, Jacobs, Asaf, Jakovljević, Miro, Jakšić, Nenad, Javed, Afzal, Yilmaz Kafali, Helin, Karia, Sagar, Kazakova, Olga, Khalifa, Doaa, Khaustova, Olena, Koh, Steve, Kopishinskaia, Svetlana, Kosenko, Korneliia, Koupidis, Sotirios A, Kovacs, Illes, Kulig, Barbara, Lalljee, Alisha, Liewig, Justine, Majid, Abdul, Malashonkova, Evgeniia, Malik, Khamelia, Iqbal Malik, Najma, Mammadzada, Gulay, Mandalia, Bilvesh, Marazziti, Donatella, Marčinko, Darko, Martinez, Stephanie, Matiekus, Eimantas, Mejia, Gabriela, Memon, Roha Saeed, Meza Martínez, Xarah Elenne, Mickevičiūtė, Dalia, Milev, Roumen, Mohammed, Muftau, Molina-López, Alejandro, and Morozov, Petr

Subjects
Anxiety, COVID-19, Conspiracy theories, Depression, Health professionals, Mental disorders, Mental health, Psychiatry, Suicidality, Humans, Female, Male, Mental Health, Suicidal Ideation, Health Personnel, Brain Disorders, Behavioral and Social Science, Serious Mental Illness, Mind and Body, Prevention, Good Health and Well Being, Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

IntroductionThe current study aimed to investigate the rates of anxiety, clinical depression, and suicidality and their changes in health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak.Materials and methodsThe data came from the larger COMET-G study. The study sample includes 12,792 health professionals from 40 countries (62.40% women aged 39.76 ± 11.70; 36.81% men aged 35.91 ± 11.00 and 0.78% non-binary gender aged 35.15 ± 13.03). Distress and clinical depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm, respectively.Statistical analysisDescriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses, and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables.ResultsClinical depression was detected in 13.16% with male doctors and 'non-binary genders' having the lowest rates (7.89 and 5.88% respectively) and 'non-binary gender' nurses and administrative staff had the highest (37.50%); distress was present in 15.19%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics, and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (24.64% vs. 9.62%; p

Published
2023

19. The effect of different degrees of lockdown and self-identified gender on anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the international COMET-G study.

Author

Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N, Karakatsoulis, Grigorios N, Abraham, Seri, Adorjan, Kristina, Ahmed, Helal Uddin, Alarcón, Renato D, Arai, Kiyomi, Auwal, Sani Salihu, Berk, Michael, Bjedov, Sarah, Bobes, Julio, Bobes-Bascaran, Teresa, Bourgin-Duchesnay, Julie, Bredicean, Cristina Ana, Bukelskis, Laurynas, Burkadze, Akaki, Abud, Indira Indiana Cabrera, Castilla-Puentes, Ruby, Cetkovich, Marcelo, Colon-Rivera, Hector, Corral, Ricardo, Cortez-Vergara, Carla, Crepin, Piirika, De Berardis, Domenico, Delgado, Sergio Zamora, De Lucena, David, De Sousa, Avinash, Stefano, Ramona Di, Dodd, Seetal, Elek, Livia Priyanka, Elissa, Anna, Erdelyi-Hamza, Berta, Erzin, Gamze, Etchevers, Martin J, Falkai, Peter, Farcas, Adriana, Fedotov, Ilya, Filatova, Viktoriia, Fountoulakis, Nikolaos K, Frankova, Iryna, Franza, Francesco, Frias, Pedro, Galako, Tatiana, Garay, Cristian J, Garcia-Álvarez, Leticia, García-Portilla, Maria Paz, Gonda, Xenia, Gondek, Tomasz M, González, Daniela Morera, Gould, Hilary, Grandinetti, Paolo, Grau, Arturo, Groudeva, Violeta, Hagin, Michal, Harada, Takayuki, Hasan, Tasdik M, Hashim, Nurul Azreen, Hilbig, Jan, Hossain, Sahadat, Iakimova, Rossitza, Ibrahim, Mona, Iftene, Felicia, Ignatenko, Yulia, Irarrazaval, Matias, Ismail, Zaliha, Ismayilova, Jamila, Jacobs, Asaf, Jakovljević, Miro, Jakšić, Nenad, Javed, Afzal, Kafali, Helin Yilmaz, Karia, Sagar, Kazakova, Olga, Khalifa, Doaa, Khaustova, Olena, Koh, Steve, Kopishinskaia, Svetlana, Kosenko, Korneliia, Koupidis, Sotirios A, Kovacs, Illes, Kulig, Barbara, Lalljee, Alisha, Liewig, Justine, Majid, Abdul, Malashonkova, Evgeniia, Malik, Khamelia, Malik, Najma Iqbal, Mammadzada, Gulay, Mandalia, Bilvesh, Marazziti, Donatella, Marčinko, Darko, Martinez, Stephanie, Matiekus, Eimantas, Mejia, Gabriela, Memon, Roha Saeed, Martínez, Xarah Elenne Meza, Mickevičiūtė, Dalia, Milev, Roumen, Mohammed, Muftau, and Molina-López, Alejandro

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Mental Health, Depression, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Anxiety, COVID-19, Communicable Disease Control, Female, Humans, Male, Pandemics, Suicide, Suicidality, lockdown, anxiety, mental health history, Mental health, lockdown, anxiety, mental health history, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic various degrees of lockdown were applied by countries around the world. It is considered that such measures have an adverse effect on mental health but the relationship of measure intensity with the mental health effect has not been thoroughly studied. Here we report data from the larger COMET-G study pertaining to this question.Material and methodsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, data were gathered with an online questionnaire from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Anxiety was measured with the STAI, depression with the CES-D and suicidality with the RASS. Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively.Statistical analysisIt included the calculation of Relative Risk (RR), Factorial ANOVA and Multiple backwards stepwise linear regression analysis RESULTS: Approximately two-thirds were currently living under significant restrictions due to lockdown. For both males and females the risk to develop clinical depression correlated significantly with each and every level of increasing lockdown degree (RR 1.72 and 1.90 respectively). The combined lockdown and psychiatric history increased RR to 6.88 The overall relationship of lockdown with severity of depression, though significant was small.ConclusionsThe current study is the first which reports an almost linear relationship between lockdown degree and effect in mental health. Our findings, support previous suggestions concerning the need for a proactive targeted intervention to protect mental health more specifically in vulnerable groups.

Published
2022

20. Thermodynamics of Non-linear magnetic-charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence, in the background of perfect fluid dark matter

Author

Ndongmo, Ragil Brand, Mahamat, Saleh, Bouetou, Thomas Bouetou, Tabi, Conrad Bertrand, and Kofane, Timoleon Crepin

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In this paper, we study the thermodynamic features of a non-linear magnetic-charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence, in the background of perfect fluid dark matter(PFDM). After having constructed the corresponding metric, we analyse the structure of the horizon. We find that the existence of inner or outer horizon are constrained by the presence of dark matter. Afterwards, we put out the mass and the temperature of the black hole, in order to get its entropy. Subsequently, we find the expression of the pressure which leads us to get the table of critical values and the isothermal diagram. Especially, we find that the critical values of the temperature and the pressure increase as the dark matter parameter increases. Also, analysing the isothermal diagram, we observe a van der Waals-like behaviour remarked by the presence of a first-order phase transition when we cross the critical temperature. Additionally, we compute and plot the heat capacity and the Hessian matrix of the black hole mass. For the heat capacity, we find that a second-order phase transition occurs, leading the black hole to move from stable phase to unstable one. Furthermore, it comes out that this phase transition point is shifted towards higher values of the horizon radius, as we decrease the dark matter density and increase the quintessence density., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021
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21. Immunoadsorption and Plasma Exchange are Comparable in Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies or Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Removal Kinetics

Author

Sallee, Marion, Resseguier, Noémie, Crepin, Thomas, Bertin, Daniel, Bertrand, Dominique, Bobot, Mickaël, Krummel, Thierry, Maillard, Nicolas, Moussi-Frances, Julie, Pelletier, Marion, Poullin, Pascale, Rafat, Cédric, Robert, Thomas, Terrier, Benjamin, Rostaing, Lionel, Faguer, Stanislas, and Jourde-Chiche, Noémie

Published
2024
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22. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy associated with IgA nephropathy: a case report and literature review

Author

Melchior Chabannes, Ziriab Lisri, Stéphane Lang, Jean Seibel, Guillaume Eberst, Didier Ducloux, Céline Pursun, Marie Agnes Dragon Durey, Marie-Alexandra Alyanakia, Sophie Felix, and Thomas Crepin

Subjects
IgA nephropathy, IgAN, immune check inhibitor (ICI), pembrolizumab, glomerulonephritis, immune-related adverse events (IRAE), Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) dramatically improve the prognosis of many malignancies but at the cost of numerous side effects, which may limit their benefits. Acute kidney injury associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors most frequently are acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN), but various cases of glomerulonephritis have also been reported. Herein, we report a case of severe IgA nephropathy (IgAN) associated with ICIs and carry out a literature review. IgAN was diagnosed in a median time of 5 months (range 1–12 months) after the initiation of ICIs, with heterogeneous severity, and usually treated by corticosteroid and discontinuation of ICIs. In contrast to our case, renal outcomes in literature were often favorable, with recovery of renal function and a reduction in proteinuria on treatment. Although IgAN related to ICIs is a much rarer complication than ATIN, it may still be underdiagnosed. Careful questioning and screening for asymptomatic hematuria should be performed before using ICIs.

Published
2024
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23. A Randomized, Open-Label, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial Assessing 7 Versus 14 Days of Antimicrobial Therapy for Severe Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: The OPTIMISE Trial Protocol

Author

Beatriz Arns, Jaqueline Driemeyer C. Horvath, Gabriela Soares Rech, Guilhermo Prates Sesin, Crepin Aziz Jose Oluwafoumi Agani, Bruna Silveira da Rosa, Tiago Marcon dos Santos, Liliane Spencer Bittencourt Brochier, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti, Bruno Martins Tomazini, Adriano Jose Pereira, Viviane Cordeiro Veiga, Giovana Marssola Nascimento, Andre C. Kalil, and Alexandre P. Zavascki

Subjects
Gram-negative bacilli, Antimicrobial therapy, Antimicrobial resistance, Enterobacterales, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Introduction Shorter courses of antimicrobials have been shown to be non-inferior to longer, “traditional” duration of therapies, including for some severe healthcare-associated infections, with a few exceptions. However, evidence is lacking regarding shorter regimes against severe infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), which are often caused by distinct strains and commonly treated with second-line antimicrobials. In the duratiOn of theraPy in severe infecTIons by MultIdrug-reSistant gram-nEgative bacteria (OPTIMISE) trial, we aim to assess the non-inferiority of 7-day versus 14-day antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with severe infections caused by MDR-GNB. Methods This is a randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel controlled trial to assess the non-inferiority of 7-day versus 14-day of adequate antimicrobial therapy for intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired severe infections by MDR-GNB. Adult patients with severe infections by MDR-GNB initiated after 48 h of ICU admission are screened for eligibility. Patients are eligible if they proved to be hemodynamically stable and without fever for at least 48 h on the 7th day of adequate antimicrobial therapy. After consenting, patients are 1:1 randomized to discontinue antimicrobial therapy on the 7th (± 1) day or to continue for a total of 14th (± 1) days. Planned Outcomes The primary outcome is treatment failure, defined as death or relapse of infection within 28 days after randomization. Non-inferiority will be achieved if the upper edge of the two-tailed 95% confidence interval of the difference between the clinical failure rate in the 7-day and the 14-day group is not higher than 10%. Conclusion The OPTIMISE trial is the first randomized controlled trial specifically designed to assess the duration of antimicrobial therapy in patients with severe infections by MDR-GNB. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05210387. Registered on 27 January 2022. Seven Versus 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli Infections (OPTIMISE).

Published
2023
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24. Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the health professionals (COMET-HP) study: depression, suicidal tendencies and conspiracism

Author

N. Fountoulakis, Konstantinos, N. Karakatsoulis, Grigorios, Abraham, Seri, Adorjan, Kristina, Ahmed, Helal Uddin, Alarcón, Renato D., Arai, Kiyomi, Auwal, Sani Salihu, Bobes, Julio, Bobes-Bascaran, Teresa, Bourgin-Duchesnay, Julie, Bredicean, Cristina Ana, Bukelskis, Laurynas, Burkadze, Akaki, Cabrera Abud, Indira Indiana, Castilla-Puentes, Ruby, Cetkovich, Marcelo, Colon-Rivera, Hector, Corral, Ricardo, Cortez-Vergara, Carla, Crepin, Piirika, de Berardis, Domenico, Zamora Delgado, Sergio, de Lucena, David, de Sousa, Avinash, di Stefano, Ramona, Dodd, Seetal, Elek, Livia Priyanka, Elissa, Anna, Erdelyi-Hamza, Berta, Erzin, Gamze, Etchevers, Martin J., Falkai, Peter, Farcas, Adriana, Fedotov, Ilya, Filatova, Viktoriia, Fountoulakis, Nikolaos K., Frankova, Iryna, Franza, Francesco, Frias, Pedro, Galako, Tatiana, Garay, Cristian J., Garcia-Álvarez, Leticia, García-Portilla, Paz, Gonda, Xenia, Gondek, Tomasz M., Morera González, Daniela, Gould, Hilary, Grandinetti, Paolo, Grau, Arturo, Groudeva, Violeta, Hagin, Michal, Harada, Takayuki, Hasan, Tasdik M., Azreen Hashim, Nurul, Hilbig, Jan, Hossain, Sahadat, Iakimova, Rossitza, Ibrahim, Mona, Iftene, Felicia, Ignatenko, Yulia, Irarrazaval, Matias, Ismail, Zaliha, Ismayilova, Jamila, Jacobs, Asaf, Jakovljević, Miro, Jakšić, Nenad, Javed, Afzal, Yilmaz Kafali, Helin, Karia, Sagar, Kazakova, Olga, Khalifa, Doaa, Khaustova, Olena, Koh, Steve, Kopishinskaia, Svetlana, Kosenko, Korneliia, Koupidis, Sotirios A., Kovacs, Illes, Kulig, Barbara, Lalljee, Alisha, Liewig, Justine, Majid, Abdul, Malashonkova, Evgeniia, Malik, Khamelia, Iqbal Malik, Najma, Mammadzada, Gulay, Mandalia, Bilvesh, Marazziti, Donatella, Marčinko, Darko, Martinez, Stephanie, Matiekus, Eimantas, Mejia, Gabriela, Memon, Roha Saeed, Meza Martínez, Xarah Elenne, Mickevičiūtė, Dalia, Milev, Roumen, Mohammed, Muftau, Molina-López, Alejandro, Morozov, Petr, Muhammad, Nuru Suleiman, Mustač, Filip, Naor, Mika S., Nassieb, Amira, Navickas, Alvydas, Okasha, Tarek, Pandova, Milena, Panfil, Anca-Livia, Panteleeva, Liliya, Papava, Ion, Patsali, Mikaella E., Pavlichenko, Alexey, Pejuskovic, Bojana, Pinto da Costa, Mariana, Popkov, Mikhail, Popovic, Dina, Raduan, Nor Jannah Nasution, Vargas Ramírez, Francisca, Rancans, Elmars, Razali, Salmi, Rebok, Federico, Rewekant, Anna, Reyes Flores, Elena Ninoska, Rivera-Encinas, María Teresa, Saiz, Pilar A., Sánchez de Carmona, Manuel, Saucedo Martínez, David, Saw, Jo Anne, Saygili, Görkem, Schneidereit, Patricia, Shah, Bhumika, Shirasaka, Tomohiro, Silagadze, Ketevan, Sitanggang, Satti, Skugarevsky, Oleg, Spikina, Anna, Mahalingappa, Sridevi Sira, Stoyanova, Maria, Szczegielniak, Anna, Tamasan, Simona Claudia, Tavormina, Giuseppe, Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria, Theodorakis, Pavlos N., Tohen, Mauricio, Tsapakis, Eva-Maria, Tukhvatullina, Dina, Ullah, Irfan, Vaidya, Ratnaraj, Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann M., Vrublevska, Jelena, Vukovic, Olivera, Vysotska, Olga, Widiasih, Natalia, Yashikhina, Anna, Prezerakos, Panagiotis E., Berk, Michael, Levaj, Sarah, and Smirnova, Daria

Published
2023
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27. Non-binary gender, vulnerable populations and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Data from the COVID-19 MEntal health inTernational for the general population (COMET-G) study

Author

Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N., Vrublevska, Jelena, Abraham, Seri, Adorjan, Kristina, Ahmed, Helal Uddin, Alarcón, Renato D., Arai, Kiyomi, Auwal, Sani Salihu, Berk, Michael, Bjedov, Sarah, Bobes, Julio, Bobes-Bascaran, Teresa, Bourgin-Duchesnay, Julie, Bredicean, Cristina Ana, Bukelskis, Laurynas, Burkadze, Akaki, Abud, Indira Indiana Cabrera, Castilla-Puentes, Ruby, Cetkovich, Marcelo, Colon-Rivera, Hector, Corral, Ricardo, Cortez-Vergara, Carla, Crepin, Piirika, De Berardis, Domenico, Delgado, Sergio Zamora, De Lucena, David, De Sousa, Avinash, Di Stefano, Ramona, Dodd, Seetal, Elek, Livia Priyanka, Elissa, Anna, Erdelyi-Hamza, Berta, Erzin, Gamze, Etchevers, Martin J., Falkai, Peter, Farcas, Adriana, Fedotov, Ilya, Filatova, Viktoriia, Fountoulakis, Nikolaos K., Frankova, Iryna, Franza, Francesco, Frias, Pedro, Galako, Tatiana, Garay, Cristian J., Garcia-Álvarez, Leticia, García-Portilla, Maria Paz, Gonda, Xenia, Gondek, Tomasz M., González, Daniela Morera, Gould, Hilary, Grandinetti, Paolo, Grau, Arturo, Groudeva, Violeta, Hagin, Michal, Harada, Takayuki, Hasan, Tasdik M., Hashim, Nurul Azreen, Hilbig, Jan, Hossain, Sahadat, Iakimova, Rossitza, Ibrahim, Mona, Iftene, Felicia, Ignatenko, Yulia, Irarrazaval, Matias, Ismail, Zaliha, Ismayilova, Jamila, Jacobs, Asaf, Jakovljević, Miro, Jakšić, Nenad, Javed, Afzal, Kafali, Helin Yilmaz, Karia, Sagar, Kazakova, Olga, Khalifa, Doaa, Khaustova, Olena, Koh, Steve, Kosenko, Korneliia, Koupidis, Sotirios A., Lalljee, Alisha, Liewig, Justine, Majid, Abdul, Malashonkova, Evgeniia, Malik, Khamelia, Malik, Najma Iqbal, Mammadzada, Gulay, Mandalia, Bilvesh, Marazziti, Donatella, Marčinko, Darko, Martinez, Stephanie, Matiekus, Eimantas, Mejia, Gabriela, Memon, Roha Saeed, Martínez, Xarah Elenne Meza, Mickevičiūtė, Dalia, Milev, Roumen, Mohammed, Muftau, Molina-López, Alejandro, Morozov, Petr, Muhammad, Nuru Suleiman, Mustač, Filip, Naor, Mika S., Nassieb, Amira, Navickas, Alvydas, Okasha, Tarek, Pandova, Milena, Panfil, Anca-Livia, Panteleeva, Liliya, Papava, Ion, Patsali, Mikaella E., Pavlichenko, Alexey, Pejuskovic, Bojana, Da Costa, Mariana Pinto, Popkov, Mikhail, Popovic, Dina, Raduan, Nor Jannah Nasution, Ramírez, Francisca Vargas, Rancans, Elmars, Razali, Salmi, Rebok, Federico, Rewekant, Anna, Flores, Elena Ninoska Reyes, Rivera-Encinas, María Teresa, Saiz, Pilar, de Carmona, Manuel Sánchez, Martínez, David Saucedo, Saw, Jo Anne, Saygili, Görkem, Schneidereit, Patricia, Shah, Bhumika, Shirasaka, Tomohiro, Silagadze, Ketevan, Sitanggang, Satti, Skugarevsky, Oleg, Spikina, Anna, Mahalingappa, Sridevi Sira, Stoyanova, Maria, Szczegielniak, Anna, Tamasan, Simona Claudia, Tavormina, Giuseppe, Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria, Theodorakis, Pavlos N., Tohen, Mauricio, Tsapakis, Eva Maria, Tukhvatullina, Dina, Ullah, Irfan, Vaidya, Ratnaraj, Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann M., Vukovic, Olivera, Vysotska, Olga, Widiasih, Natalia, Yashikhina, Anna, and Smirnova, Daria

Published
2024
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29. Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study

Author

Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N, Karakatsoulis, Grigorios, Abraham, Seri, Adorjan, Kristina, Ahmed, Helal Uddin, Alarcón, Renato D, Arai, Kiyomi, Auwal, Sani Salihu, Berk, Michael, Bjedov, Sarah, Bobes, Julio, Bobes-Bascaran, Teresa, Bourgin-Duchesnay, Julie, Bredicean, Cristina Ana, Bukelskis, Laurynas, Burkadze, Akaki, Abud, Indira Indiana Cabrera, Castilla-Puentes, Ruby, Cetkovich, Marcelo, Colon-Rivera, Hector, Corral, Ricardo, Cortez-Vergara, Carla, Crepin, Piirika, De Berardis, Domenico, Zamora Delgado, Sergio, De Lucena, David, De Sousa, Avinash, Stefano, Ramona Di, Dodd, Seetal, Elek, Livia Priyanka, Elissa, Anna, Erdelyi-Hamza, Berta, Erzin, Gamze, Etchevers, Martin J, Falkai, Peter, Farcas, Adriana, Fedotov, Ilya, Filatova, Viktoriia, Fountoulakis, Nikolaos K, Frankova, Iryna, Franza, Francesco, Frias, Pedro, Galako, Tatiana, Garay, Cristian J, Garcia-Álvarez, Leticia, García-Portilla, Maria Paz, Gonda, Xenia, Gondek, Tomasz M, González, Daniela Morera, Gould, Hilary, Grandinetti, Paolo, Grau, Arturo, Groudeva, Violeta, Hagin, Michal, Harada, Takayuki, Hasan, M Tasdik, Hashim, Nurul Azreen, Hilbig, Jan, Hossain, Sahadat, Iakimova, Rossitza, Ibrahim, Mona, Iftene, Felicia, Ignatenko, Yulia, Irarrazaval, Matias, Ismail, Zaliha, Ismayilova, Jamila, Jacobs, Asaf, Jakovljević, Miro, Jakšić, Nenad, Javed, Afzal, Kafali, Helin Yilmaz, Karia, Sagar, Kazakova, Olga, Khalifa, Doaa, Khaustova, Olena, Koh, Steve, Kopishinskaia, Svetlana, Kosenko, Korneliia, Koupidis, Sotirios A, Kovacs, Illes, Kulig, Barbara, Lalljee, Alisha, Liewig, Justine, Majid, Abdul, Malashonkova, Evgeniia, Malik, Khamelia, Malik, Najma Iqbal, Mammadzada, Gulay, Mandalia, Bilvesh, Marazziti, Donatella, Marčinko, Darko, Martinez, Stephanie, Matiekus, Eimantas, Mejia, Gabriela, Memon, Roha Saeed, Martínez, Xarah Elenne Meza, Mickevičiūtė, Dalia, Milev, Roumen, Mohammed, Muftau, and Molina-López, Alejandro

Subjects
Mind and Body, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Prevention, Depression, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Anxiety, COVID-19, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Stress, Psychological, Suicidal Ideation, Suicidality, Conspiracy theories, Mental disorders, Psychiatry, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

IntroductionThere are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study.Material and methodsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively.Statistical analysisDescriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables.ResultsProbable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed.ConclusionsThe final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them.

Published
2022

30. Modeling and control of 5-DoF boom crane

Author

Ambrosino, Michele, Berneman, Marc, Carbone, Gianluca, Crépin, Rémi, Dawans, Arnaud, and Garone, Emanuele

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Automation of cranes can have a direct impact on the productivity of construction projects. In this paper, we focus on the control of one of the most used cranes, the boom crane. Tower cranes and overhead cranes have been widely studied in the literature, whereas the control of boom cranes has been investigated only by a few works. Typically, these works make use of simple models making use of a large number of simplifying assumptions (e.g. fixed length cable, assuming certain dynamics are uncoupled, etc.) A first result of this paper is to present a fairly complete nonlinear dynamic model of a boom crane taking into account all coupling dynamics and where the only simplifying assumption is that the cable is considered as rigid. The boom crane involves pitching and rotational movements, which generate complicated centrifugal forces, and consequently, equations of motion highly nonlinear. On the basis of this model, a control law has been developed able to perform position control of the crane while actively damping the oscillations of the load. The effectiveness of the approach has been tested in simulation with realistic physical parameters and tested in the presence of wind disturbances., Comment: the paper was published in 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020)

Published
2021
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33. The risk of bacterial virulence in the face of concentrated river pollution

Author

Roukaya Al Haj Ishak Al Ali, Leslie Mondamert, Alexandre Crepin, Maha Al Badany, Joelle Jandry, Jean-Marc Berjeaud, and Jerome Labanowski

Subjects
bacteria, climate change, cocktail, pollutants, virulence, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract

The decrease in low-water flows and the increase in water temperature and other parameters as observed in the rivers over the last 50 years suggest that a concentration of compounds and pollutants is taking place, in connection with climate change and/or anthropisation (without discerning their respective contributions). These effects occur in a context where the rivers are already impacted by the presence of many pollutant cocktails (pesticides, drugs, and others). The authors now show that these pollutant cocktails – at the environmental concentrations currently found – constitute a threat to human health through their possible effects on the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. While certain genes of Salmonella Typhimurium may not experience an increased risk, the exposure to more concentrated cocktails (at a five-fold concentration) could potentially amplify certain virulent factors such as the motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa H103. The findings indicate that pollution mixtures have an effect on the virulence potential of certain waterborne pathogenic bacteria, even at concentrations currently observed in rivers. HIGHLIGHTS The ‘concentration effect’ of pollutants, due to climate change, has consequences in rivers and on the virulence of pathogenic bacteria.; There is a link between pollutants and infectious diseases.; The presence of organic contaminants in rivers can exacerbate or not the virulence of bacteria.;

Published
2023
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34. Positron production using a 9 MeV electron linac for the GBAR experiment

Author

Charlton, M., Choi, J. J., Chung, M., Clade, P., Comini, P., Crepin, P-P., Crivelli, P., Dalkarov, O., Debu, P., Dodd, L., Douillet, A., Guellati-Khelifa, S., Hervieux, P-A., Hilico, L., Husson, A., Indelicato, P., Janka, G., Jonsell, S., Karr, J-P., Kim, B. H., Kim, E-S., Kim, S. K., Ko, Y., Kosinski, T., Kuroda, N., Latacz, B., Lee, H., Lee, J., Leite, A. M. M., Leveque, K., Lim, E., Liszkay, L., Lotrus, P., Louvradoux, T., Lunney, D., Manfredi, G., Mansoulie, B., Matusiak, M., Mornacchi, G., Nesvizhevsky, V. V., Nez, F., Niang, S., Nishi, R., Nourbaksh, S., Park, K. H., Paul, N., Perez, P., Procureur, S., Radics, B., Regenfus, C., Rey, J-M., Reymond, J-M., Reynaud, S., Rousse, J-Y., Rousselle, O., Rubbia, A., Rzadkiewicz, J., Sacquin, Y., Schmidt-Kaler, F., Staszczak, M., Tuchming, B., Vallage, B., Voronin, A., Welker, A., van der Werf, D. P., Wolf, S., Won, D., Wronka, S., Yamazaki, Y., and Yoo, K-H.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

For the GBAR (Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest) experiment at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility we have constructed a source of slow positrons, which uses a low-energy electron linear accelerator (linac). The driver linac produces electrons of 9 MeV kinetic energy that create positrons from bremsstrahlung-induced pair production. Staying below 10 MeV ensures no persistent radioactive activation in the target zone and that the radiation level outside the biological shield is safe for public access. An annealed tungsten-mesh assembly placed directly behind the target acts as a positron moderator. The system produces $5\times10^7$ slow positrons per second, a performance demonstrating that a low-energy electron linac is a superior choice over positron-emitting radioactive sources for high positron flux., Comment: published in NIM A. 33 pages 9 figures

Published
2020
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39. C3 Glomerulopathy With Concurrent Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Clinical and Immunological Features

Author

Chabannes, Melchior, Rabant, Marion, El Sissy, Carine, Dragon-Durey, Marie-Agnès, Vieira Martins, Paula, Meuleman, Marie Sophie, Karras, Alexandre, Buob, David, Bridoux, Frank, Daugas, Eric, Audard, Vincent, Caillard, Sophie, Olagne, Jérôme, Kandel, Christine, Ferlicot, Sophie, Philipponnet, Carole, Crepin, Thomas, Thervet, Eric, Ducloux, Didier, Frémeaux-Bacchi, Véronique, and Chauvet, Sophie

Published
2023
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40. Thermodynamic of a rotating and Non-linear magnetic-charged black hole in the quintessence field

Author

Ndongmo, Ragil Tsafack, Mahamat, Saleh, Bouetou, Thomas Bouetou, and Kofane, Timoleon Crepin

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We purpose an approach for the thermodynamic analysis of rotating and non-linear magnetic-charged black hole with quintessence. Accordingly, we compute various thermodynamics quantities of the black hole, such as mass, temperature, potential provided from the magnetic charge, and the heat capacity. Moreover, we study phase transitions of this black hole, analyzing the plot of its heat capacity. Then, we have shown that the black hole mass would have a phase of decrease, while the temperature increases from negative absolute temperatures. From the behavior of the heat capacity, we point out that the black hole undergoes to a second-order phase transition, which is shifted towards the higher values of entropy as we increase the rotating parameter $a$ or the magnetic parameter $Q$., Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures

Published
2019

42. Improved Effective Range Expansion for Casimir-Polder potential

Author

Crépin, Pierre-Philippe, Guérout, Romain, and Reynaud, Serge

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We study the effective range expansion of scattering on a real Casimir-Polder potential. We use Liouville transformations which transform the potential landscape while preserving the reflection and transmission amplitudes. We decompose the scattering calculation in two more elementary problems, one for the homogeneous 1/z^4 potential and the other one for the correction to this idealization. We use the symmetries of the transformed problem and the properties of the scattering matrices to derive an improved effective range expansion leading to a more accurate expansion of scattering amplitudes at low energy.

Published
2019
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43. Quantum interference test of the equivalence principle on antihydrogen

Author

Crépin, P. -P., Christen, C., Guérout, R., Nesvizhevsky, V. V., Voronin, A. Yu., and Reynaud, S.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We propose to use quantum interferences to improve the accuracy of the measurement of the free fall acceleration g of antihydrogen in the GBAR experiment. This method uses most antiatoms prepared in the experiment and it is simple in its principle as interferences between gravitational quantum states are readout without transitions between them. We use a maximum likelihood method for estimating the value of g and assess the accuracy of this estimation by a Monte-Carlo simulation. We find that the accuracy is improved by approximately three orders of magnitude with respect to the classical timing technique planned for the current design of the experiment., Comment: 8 figures

Published
2019
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49. L’utilizzo e il valore del crowdfunding per le organizzazioni del patrimonio culturale / The use and value of crowdfunding for cultural heritage organisations

Author

Elena Borin and Daphné Crepin

Subjects
Arts in general, NX1-820, Auxiliary sciences of history
Abstract

Il dibattito sulla necessità di ripensare le strutture di finanziamento del settore dei beni culturali ha recentemente sottolineato le potenzialità delle fonti di finanziamento partecipative, fra cui il crowdfunding. Da un lato, tale modalità di raccolta fondi è stata fin dagli esordi molto legata al settore culturale e creativo e sono presenti sul mercato diverse piattaforme di crowdfunding specifiche per questo settore. Dall’altro, mentre alcune branche del settore culturale e creativo hanno ormai grande familiarità con questa forma di finanziamento, altre sembrano ancora piuttosto riluttanti ad usarlo: fra queste il settore del patrimonio culturale. L’obiettivo di questo articolo è di esplorare criticamente questo punto, cercando di capire se il crowdfunding sia veramente percepito come uno strumento utile e necessario per aumentare la resilienza finanziaria del patrimonio culturale e quali siano gli usi e valori a esso attribuiti dalle organizzazioni che si occupano della gestione dei beni culturali. I risultati della ricerca qualitativa su cinque casi studio di grandi istituzioni e musei parigini indicano che le organizzazioni culturali non lo percepiscono ancora come un efficace metodo di raccolta fondi, ma che lo ritengono invece un valido strumento per raggiungere, sensibilizzare e coinvolgere le comunità, non solo verso il progetto o l’ente promotore ma verso tutto il settore del patrimonio culturale. The debate on the need to rethink funding structures for the cultural heritage sector has recently highlighted the potential of participatory funding sources, including crowdfunding. On the one hand, this mode of fundraising has been closely linked to the cultural and creative sector since its inception, and several crowdfunding platforms dedicated to this sector are present on the market. On the other hand, while some branches of the cultural and creative sector are now very familiar with this form of funding, others still seem reluctant to use it: among them, the heritage sector. The aim of this article is to critically explore this point, trying to understand whether crowdfunding is really perceived as a useful and necessary tool to increase the resilience of cultural heritage and what uses and values are attributed to it by cultural heritage organisations. The results of the qualitative research on five case studies of large institutions and museums in Paris indicate that cultural heritage organisations do not yet perceive it as an effective fundraising method, but that they still consider it a valuable tool to reach, raise awareness and engage communities, not only towards the project or the promoting organisation, but towards the whole cultural heritage sector.

Published
2022
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50. The notion of persecution in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its relevance for the protection needs of refugees in the 21st century

Author

Crepin, Mathilde, Juss, Satvinder Singh, and Mumford Alldridge, Ann Catherine

Subjects
341.4
Abstract

The notion of persecution is a pivotal element of the definition of a refugee set out in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Yet, this notion has been increasingly criticised because it has been deemed inadequate in the current geopolitical context. Therefore, the present thesis will explore whether the notion of persecution can adapt to the circumstances of refugees in the 21st century or whether a change of paradigm is needed in international refugee law. In particular, it will be observed that persecution has never been defined in the 1951 Convention. Some authors have considered that the absence of authoritative definition was intentional to make the concept of persecution adaptable to its various changing forms. Whilst the lack of a definition indeed makes this notion flexible, it also encourages divergent interpretations in the jurisprudence. As a result, a principled approach is needed and, in that perspective, the present thesis will explore the propositions made by various authors for interpreting persecution in the current world. The most widely accepted interpretive framework considers that basic human rights should be used as benchmarks for interpreting persecution. Although this narrative proposes objective and tangible standards of interpretation, it has been inconsistently applied in national jurisdictions and has been quite criticised by a number of authors. This thesis will analyse this human rights framework, as well as alternative models that have been more recently proposed for interpreting persecution. The benefits and limitations of these different models, and how they have been concretely applied in the jurisprudence of various countries will be assessed in order to identify the most suitable approach for interpreting the notion in the 21st century. Finally, the limitations of persecution will be explored in order to precisely delineate the contours of the current definition of a refugee at the 4 international level. It will be argued that this notion is sufficiently flexible to adapt to a large number of forcibly displaced people in the present world, if properly interpreted. Whilst, the limitations of this notion are not ignored, it will be contended that the 1951 Convention remains, to a large extent, relevant in the current geopolitical circumstances whereas other forms of protection could be more appropriate for individuals who do not meet the criteria of the refugee definition.

Published
2019

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