1. A novel indicator for lead poisoning beyond blood lead level: Facile diagnosis of lead poisoning using random urine with point-of-care testing.
- Author
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Ma Y, Chen L, Luo Y, Huang C, and Shen X
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Male, Female, Creatinine blood, Creatinine urine, Liquid Phase Microextraction methods, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Smartphone, Lead blood, Lead urine, Point-of-Care Testing, Lead Poisoning diagnosis, Lead Poisoning urine, Lead Poisoning blood
- Abstract
Lead (Pb) poisoning is estimated to account for 1 % of the global disease burden. The gold standard for diagnosing lead poisoning in human body relies on blood lead level (BLL), which is always performed in hospitals using expensive instruments. However, there are still many countries and regions with a lack of medical resources (without enough professional medical staff and analytical instruments). To achieve a facile diagnosis of lead poisoning by ordinary residents (without any expertise), this study conducted a research study on 810 participants to discover and validate a new lead poisoning indicator (creatinine-corrected urinary lead level, cULL) beyond BLL in non-invasive samples. A point-of-care testing (POCT) device to measure cULL was developed, equipped with liquid-phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction on a paper-based analytical device for on-site separation of lead and creatinine in the urine, using a smartphone for the quantification of analytes. The cULL as a novel indicator and the POCT device developed could be effective in reducing the risk of damage from lead contamination., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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