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1. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: A modelling study

Author

Blach, S. Zeuzem, S. Manns, M. Altraif, I. Duberg, A.-S. Muljono, D.H. Waked, I. Alavian, S.M. Lee, M.-H. Negro, F. Abaalkhail, F. Abdou, A. Abdulla, M. Abou Rached, A. Aho, I. Akarca, U. Al Ghazzawi, I. Al Kaabi, S. Al Lawati, F. Al Namaani, K. Al Serkal, Y. Al-Busafi, S.A. Al-Dabal, L. Aleman, S. Alghamdi, A.S. Aljumah, A.A. Al-Romaihi, H.E. Andersson, M.I. Arendt, V. Arkkila, P. Assiri, A.M. Baatarkhuu, O. Bane, A. Ben-Ari, Z. Bergin, C. Bessone, F. Bihl, F. Bizri, A.R. Blachier, M. Blasco, A.J. Brandao Mello, C.E. Bruggmann, P. Brunton, C.R. Calinas, F. Chan, H.L.Y. Chaudhry, A. Cheinquer, H. Chen, C.-J. Chien, R.-N. Choi, M.S. Christensen, P.B. Chuang, W.-L. Chulanov, V. Cisneros, L. Clausen, M.R. Cramp, M.E. Craxi, A. Croes, E.A. Dalgard, O. Daruich, J.R. De Ledinghen, V. Dore, G.J. El-Sayed, M.H. Ergor, G. Esmat, G. Estes, C. Falconer, K. Farag, E. Ferraz, M.L.G. Ferreira, P.R. Flisiak, R. Frankova, S. Gamkrelidze, I. Gane, E. Garcia-Samaniego, J. Khan, A.G. Gountas, I. Goldis, A. Gottfredsson, M. Grebely, J. Gschwantler, M. Guimaraes Pessoa, M. Gunter, J. Hajarizadeh, B. Hajelssedig, O. Hamid, S. Hamoudi, W. Hatzakis, A. Himatt, S.M. Hofer, H. Hrstic, I. Hui, Y.-T. Hunyady, B. Idilman, R. Jafri, W. Jahis, R. Janjua, N.Z. Jarčuška, P. Jeruma, A. Jonasson, J.G. Kamel, Y. Kao, J.-H. Kaymakoglu, S. Kershenobich, D. Khamis, J. Kim, Y.S. Kondili, L. Koutoubi, Z. Krajden, M. Krarup, H. Lai, M.-S. Laleman, W. Lao, W.-C. Lavanchy, D. Lazaro, P. Leleu, H. Lesi, O. Lesmana, L.A. Li, M. Liakina, V. Lim, Y.-S. Luksic, B. Mahomed, A. Maimets, M. Makara, M. Malu, A.O. Marinho, R.T. Marotta, P. Mauss, S. Memon, M.S. Mendes Correa, M.C. Mendez-Sanchez, N. Merat, S. Metwally, A.M. Mohamed, R. Moreno, C. Mourad, F.H. Mullhaupt, B. Murphy, K. Nde, H. Njouom, R. Nonkovic, D. Norris, S. Obekpa, S. Oguche, S. Olafsson, S. Oltman, M. Omede, O. Omuemu, C. Opare-Sem, O. Ovrehus, A.L.H. Owusu-Ofori, S. Oyunsuren, T.S. Papatheodoridis, G. Pasini, K. Peltekian, K.M. Phillips, R.O. Pimenov, N. Poustchi, H. Prabdial-Sing, N. Qureshi, H. Ramji, A. Razavi-Shearer, D. Razavi-Shearer, K. Redae, B. Reesink, H.W. Ridruejo, E. Robbins, S. Roberts, L.R. Roberts, S.K. Rosenberg, W.M. Roudot-Thoraval, F. Ryder, S.D. Safadi, R. Sagalova, O. Salupere, R. Sanai, F.M. Sanchez Avila, J.F. Saraswat, V. Sarmento-Castro, R. Sarrazin, C. Schmelzer, J.D. Schreter, I. Seguin-Devaux, C. Shah, S.R. Sharara, A.I. Sharma, M. Shevaldin, A. Shiha, G.E. Sievert, W. Sonderup, M. Souliotis, K. Speiciene, D. Sperl, J. Starkel, P. Stauber, R.E. Stedman, C. Struck, D. Su, T.-H. Sypsa, V. Tan, S.-S. Tanaka, J. Thompson, A.J. Tolmane, I. Tomasiewicz, K. Valantinas, J. Van Damme, P. Van Der Meer, A.J. Van Thiel, I. Van Vlierberghe, H. Vince, A. Vogel, W. Wedemeyer, H. Weis, N. Wong, V.W.S. Yaghi, C. Yosry, A. Yuen, M.-F. Yunihastuti, E. Yusuf, A. Zuckerman, E. Razavi, H. The Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators

Abstract

Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2017

2. Hepatitis C virus prevalence and level of intervention required to achieve the WHO targets for elimination in the European Union by 2030: a modelling study

Author

Razavi, H. Robbins, S. Zeuzem, S. Negro, F. Buti, M. Duberg, A. Roudot-Thoraval, F. Craxi, A. Manns, M. Marinho, R.T. Hunyady, B. Colombo, M. Aleman, S. Antonov, K. Arkkila, P. Athanasakis, K. Blach, S. Blachier, M. Blasco, A.J. Calinas, F. Calleja, J.L. Christensen, P.B. Cramp, M.E. Croes, E. de Knegt, R.J. de Ledinghen, V. Delile, J.-M. Estes, C. Falconer, K. Färkkilä, M. Flisiak, R. Frankova, S. Gamkrelidze, I. García-Samaniego, J. Genov, J. Gerstoft, J. Gheorghe, L. Goldis, A. Gountas, I. Gregorčič, S. Gschwantler, M. Gunter, J. Halota, W. Harcouet, L. Hézode, C. Hoffmann, P. Horvath, G. Hrstic, I. Jarčuška, P. Jelev, D. Jeruma, A. Kåberg, M. Kieran, J. Kondili, L.A. Kotzev, I. Krarup, H. Kristian, P. Lagging, M. Laleman, W. Lázaro, P. Liakina, V. Lukšić, B. Maimets, M. Makara, M. Mateva, L. Maticic, M. Mennini, F.S. Mitova, R. Moreno, C. Mossong, J. Murphy, K. Nde, H. Nemecek, V. Nonkovic, D. Norris, S. Oltman, M. Øvrehus, A.L.H. Papatheodoridis, G. Pasini, K. Razavi-Shearer, D. Razavi-Shearer, K. Reesink, H.W. Reic, T. Rozentale, B. Ryder, S.D. Salupere, R. Sarmento-Castro, R. Sarrazin, C. Schmelzer, J.D. Schréter, I. Seguin-Devaux, C. Simojoki, K. Simonova, M. Smit, P.J. Souliotis, K. Speiciene, D. Sperl, J. Stärkel, P. Struck, D. Sypsa, V. Thornton, L. Tolmane, I. Tomasiewicz, K. Valantinas, J. Van Damme, P. van de Vijver, D. van der Meer, A.J. van Santen, D. Van Vlierberghe, H. Vandijck, D. Vella, S. Videčnik-Zorman, J. Vogel, W. Weis, N. Hatzakis, A. The European Union HCV Collaborators

Abstract

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the European Union (EU), treatment and cure of HCV with direct-acting antiviral therapies began in 2014. WHO targets are to achieve a 65% reduction in liver-related deaths, a 90% reduction of new viral hepatitis infections, and 90% of patients with viral hepatitis infections being diagnosed by 2030. This study assessed the prevalence of HCV in the EU and the level of intervention required to achieve WHO targets for HCV elimination. Methods We populated country Markov models for the 28 EU countries through a literature search of PubMed and Embase between Jan 1, 2000, and March 31, 2016, and a Delphi process to gain expert consensus and validate inputs. We aggregated country models to create a regional EU model. We used the EU model to forecast HCV disease progression (considering the effect of immigration) and developed a strategy to acehive WHO targets. We used weighted average sustained viral response rates and fibrosis restrictions to model the effect of current therapeutic guidelines. We used the EU model to forecast HCV disease progression (considering the effect of immigration) under current screening and therapeutic guidelines. Additionally, we back-calculated the total number of patients needing to be screened and treated to achieve WHO targets. Findings We estimated the number of viraemic HCV infections in 2015 to be 3 238 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2 106 000–3 795 000) of a total population of 509 868 000 in the EU, equating to a prevalence of viraemic HCV of 0·64% (95% UI 0·41–0·74). We estimated that 1 180 000 (95% UI 1 003 000–1 357 000) people were diagnosed with viraemia (36·4%), 150 000 (12 000–180 000) were treated (4·6% of the total infected population or 12·7% of the diagnosed population), 133 000 (106 000–160 000) were cured (4·1%), and 57 900 (43 900–67 300) were newly infected (1·8%) in 2015. Additionally, 30 400 (26 600–42 500) HCV-positive immigrants entered the EU. To achieve WHO targets, unrestricted treatment needs to increase from 150 000 patients in 2015 to 187 000 patients in 2025 and diagnosis needs to increase from 88 800 new cases annually in 2015 to 180 000 in 2025. Interpretation Given its advanced health-care infrastructure, the EU is uniquely poised to eliminate HCV; however, expansion of screening programmes is essential to increase treatment to achieve the WHO targets. A united effort, grounded in sound epidemiological evidence, will also be necessary. Funding Gilead Sciences. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2017

3. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: A modelling study.

Author

Farag E., De Ledinghen V., Dore G.J., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Peltekian K.M., Phillips R.O., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Prabdial-Sing N., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer D., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Ridruejo E., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Rosenberg W.M., Roudot-Thoraval F., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarmento-Castro R., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shevaldin A., Shiha G.E., Sonderup M., Souliotis K., Speiciene D., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stauber R.E., Stedman C., Struck D., Su T.-H., Sypsa V., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Thompson A.J., Tolmane I., Tomasiewicz K., Valantinas J., Van Damme P., Van Der Meer A.J., Van Thiel I., Van Vlierberghe H., Vince A., Vogel W., Wedemeyer H., Weis N., Wong V.W.S., Yaghi C., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yunihastuti E., Yusuf A., Zuckerman E., Razavi H., Sievert W., Blach S., Zeuzem S., Manns M., Altraif I., Duberg A.-S., Muljono D.H., Waked I., Alavian S.M., Lee M.-H., Negro F., Abaalkhail F., Abdou A., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ghazzawi I., Al Kaabi S., Al Lawati F., Al Namaani K., Al Serkal Y., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-Dabal L., Aleman S., Alghamdi A.S., Aljumah A.A., Al-Romaihi H.E., Andersson M.I., Arendt V., Arkkila P., Assiri A.M., Baatarkhuu O., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Bergin C., Bessone F., Bihl F., Bizri A.R., Blachier M., Blasco A.J., Brandao Mello C.E., Bruggmann P., Brunton C.R., Calinas F., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Cheinquer H., Chen C.-J., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Cisneros L., Clausen M.R., Cramp M.E., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Dalgard O., Daruich J.R., El-Sayed M.H., Ergor G., Esmat G., Estes C., Falconer K., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gamkrelidze I., Gane E., Garcia-Samaniego J., Khan A.G., Gountas I., Goldis A., Gottfredsson M., Grebely J., Gschwantler M., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Gunter J., Hajarizadeh B., Hajelssedig O., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Hatzakis A., Himatt S.M., Hofer H., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T., Hunyady B., Idilman R., Jafri W., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuska P., Jeruma A., Jonasson J.G., Kamel Y., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis J., Kim Y.S., Kondili L., Koutoubi Z., Krajden M., Krarup H., Lai M.-S., Laleman W., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazaro P., Leleu H., Lesi O., Lesmana L.A., Li M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Luksic B., Mahomed A., Maimets M., Makara M., Malu A.O., Marinho R.T., Marotta P., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Moreno C., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Nde H., Njouom R., Nonkovic D., Norris S., Obekpa S., Oguche S., Olafsson S., Oltman M., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., Ovrehus A.L.H., Owusu-Ofori S., Oyunsuren T.S., Farag E., De Ledinghen V., Dore G.J., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Peltekian K.M., Phillips R.O., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Prabdial-Sing N., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer D., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Ridruejo E., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Rosenberg W.M., Roudot-Thoraval F., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarmento-Castro R., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shevaldin A., Shiha G.E., Sonderup M., Souliotis K., Speiciene D., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stauber R.E., Stedman C., Struck D., Su T.-H., Sypsa V., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Thompson A.J., Tolmane I., Tomasiewicz K., Valantinas J., Van Damme P., Van Der Meer A.J., Van Thiel I., Van Vlierberghe H., Vince A., Vogel W., Wedemeyer H., Weis N., Wong V.W.S., Yaghi C., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yunihastuti E., Yusuf A., Zuckerman E., Razavi H., Sievert W., Blach S., Zeuzem S., Manns M., Altraif I., Duberg A.-S., Muljono D.H., Waked I., Alavian S.M., Lee M.-H., Negro F., Abaalkhail F., Abdou A., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ghazzawi I., Al Kaabi S., Al Lawati F., Al Namaani K., Al Serkal Y., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-Dabal L., Aleman S., Alghamdi A.S., Aljumah A.A., Al-Romaihi H.E., Andersson M.I., Arendt V., Arkkila P., Assiri A.M., Baatarkhuu O., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Bergin C., Bessone F., Bihl F., Bizri A.R., Blachier M., Blasco A.J., Brandao Mello C.E., Bruggmann P., Brunton C.R., Calinas F., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Cheinquer H., Chen C.-J., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Cisneros L., Clausen M.R., Cramp M.E., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Dalgard O., Daruich J.R., El-Sayed M.H., Ergor G., Esmat G., Estes C., Falconer K., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gamkrelidze I., Gane E., Garcia-Samaniego J., Khan A.G., Gountas I., Goldis A., Gottfredsson M., Grebely J., Gschwantler M., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Gunter J., Hajarizadeh B., Hajelssedig O., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Hatzakis A., Himatt S.M., Hofer H., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T., Hunyady B., Idilman R., Jafri W., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuska P., Jeruma A., Jonasson J.G., Kamel Y., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis J., Kim Y.S., Kondili L., Koutoubi Z., Krajden M., Krarup H., Lai M.-S., Laleman W., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazaro P., Leleu H., Lesi O., Lesmana L.A., Li M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Luksic B., Mahomed A., Maimets M., Makara M., Malu A.O., Marinho R.T., Marotta P., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Moreno C., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Nde H., Njouom R., Nonkovic D., Norris S., Obekpa S., Oguche S., Olafsson S., Oltman M., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., Ovrehus A.L.H., Owusu-Ofori S., and Oyunsuren T.S.

Abstract

Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of-and expansion on-the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64-103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1.0% (95% uncertainty interval 0.8-1.1) in 2015, corresponding to 71.1 million (62.5-79.4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Published
2017

4. Anti-envelope antibody responses in individuals at high risk of hepatitis C virus who resist infection

Author

Swann, R.E., Mandalou, P., Robinson, M.W., Ow, M.M., Foung, S.K.H., McLauchlan, J., Patel, A.H., and Cramp, M.E.

Abstract

Summary:\ud Injection drug users uninfected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) despite likely repeated exposure through high-risk behaviour are well documented. Factors preventing infection in these individuals are incompletely understood. Here, we looked for anti-HCV-envelope antibody responses in a cohort of repeatedly exposed but uninfected subjects. Forty-two hepatitis C diagnostic antibody- and RNA-negative injection drug users at high risk of exposure were studied and findings compared to healthy controls and cases with chronic HCV infection. Purified IgGs from sera were tested by ELISA for binding to genotype 1a and 3a envelope glycoproteins E1E2 with further testing for IgG and IgM reactivity against soluble E2. Virus-neutralizing activity was assessed using an HCV pseudoparticle system. Uninfected subjects demonstrated significantly greater IgG and IgM reactivities to envelope glycoproteins than healthy controls with IgG from 6 individuals additionally showing significant neutralization. This study is the first to describe humoral immunological responses targeting the HCV envelope, important for viral neutralization, in exposed uninfected individuals. A subset of these cases also had evidence of viral neutralization via anti-envelope antibodies. In addition to confirming viral exposure, the presence of specific anti-envelope antibodies may be a factor that helps these individuals resist HCV infection.

Published
2016

5. Elbasvir/grazoprevir plus sofosbuvir in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection treated for 8, 12, or 16 weeks: final results of the C-ISLE study

Author

Foster, G.R., primary, Agarwal, K., additional, Cramp, M.E., additional, Moreea, S., additional, Barclay, S., additional, Collier, J., additional, Brown, A.S., additional, Ryder, S.D., additional, Ustianowski, A., additional, Forton, D.M., additional, Fox, R., additional, Gordon, F., additional, Rosenberg, W.M., additional, Mutimer, D.J., additional, Du, J., additional, Gilbert, C.L., additional, Robertson, M., additional, Barr, E., additional, and Haber, B., additional

Published
2017
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6. Successful treatment of patients with HCV GT3 infection and cirrhosis with elbasvir/grazoprevir plus sofosbuvir does not correct insulin resistance by 12 weeks post-treatment

Author

Foster, G., primary, Agarwal, K., additional, Cramp, M.E., additional, Moreea, S., additional, Barclay, S., additional, Collier, J., additional, Brown, A.S., additional, Ryder, S.D., additional, Ustianowski, A., additional, Forton, D.M., additional, Fox, R., additional, Gordon, F., additional, Rosenberg, W.M., additional, Mutimer, D.J., additional, Du, J., additional, Gilbert, C.L., additional, Robertson, M., additional, Barr, E., additional, and Haber, B., additional

Published
2017
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11. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is sufficient treatment for most post cholecystectomy bile leaks

Author

Beckly, J.B., Jackson, S., Cramp, M.E., and Beckly, D.E.

Subjects
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography -- Research -- Health aspects, Cholecystectomy -- Health aspects -- Research, Health, Research, Health aspects
Abstract

Introduction: The endoscopic treatment of post operative bile leaks remains controversial, with some authors favouring stent placement and others endoscopic sphincterotomy. Aims: To determine from a retrospective cohort review in [...]

Published
2004

13. Hepatitis C virus-specific T-cell reactivity during interferon and ribavirin treatment in chronic hepatitis C

Author

Cramp, M.E., Rossol, S., Chokshi, S., Carucci, P., Williams, R., and Naoumov, N.V.

Abstract

Background & Aims: The role of virus-specific T-helper lymphocyte reactivity in determining the therapeutic response in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not fully understood. Methods: We studied CD4^+ T lymphocyte proliferation together with interferon (IFN)-@c and interleukin (IL)-10 production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to 4 HCV antigens (core, NS3, NS4, and NS5) in 25 patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing antiviral therapy with IFN alone or in combination with ribavirin, prospectively, before, during, and after treatment. Results: HCV-specific T-cell reactivity was uncommon at baseline but increased markedly during antiviral therapy, peaking around treatment weeks 4-8. Resolution of hepatitis C viremia was significantly more likely in patients who developed HCV-specific T-cell proliferation with increased IFN-@c production. The main difference in T-cell reactivity of patients treated with IFN plus ribavirin was a significantly lower production of IL-10, whereas lymphocyte proliferation was similar to that in patients receiving IFN monotherapy. Conclusions: Treatment-induced control of hepatitis C viremia is associated with the development of HCV-specific T-cell responses with enhanced IFN-@c and low IL-10 production. The greater efficacy of combination therapy with IFN-@a plus ribavirin may be related to its ability to suppress HCV-specific IL-10 production. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000;118:346-355

Published
2000
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14. Corrigendum to ‘An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs’ [J Hepatol 2021;75(3):572–581] (Journal of Hepatology (2021) 75(3) (572–581), (S0168827821003342), (10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.055))

Author

Cordell, H. J., Fryett, J. J., Ueno, K., Darlay, R., Aiba, Y., Hitomi, Y., Kawashima, M., Nishida, N., Khor, S. -S., Gervais, O., Kawai, Y., Nagasaki, M., Tokunaga, K., Tang, R., Shi, Y., Li, Z., Juran, B. D., Atkinson, E. J., Gerussi, A., Carbone, M., Asselta, R., Cheung, A., de Andrade, M., Baras, A., Horowitz, J., Ferreira, M. A. R., Sun, D., Jones, D. E., Flack, S., Spicer, A., Mulcahy, V. L., Byun, J., Han, Y., Sandford, R. N., Lazaridis, K. N., Amos, C. I., Hirschfield, G. M., Seldin, M. F., Invernizzi, P., Siminovitch, K. A., Ma, X., Nakamura, M., Mells, G. F., Mason, A., Vincent, C., Xie, G., Zhang, J., Affronti, A., Almasio, P. L., Alvaro, D., Andreone, P., Andriulli, A., Azzaroli, F., Battezzati, P. M., Benedetti, A., Bragazzi, M., Brunetto, M., Bruno, S., Calvaruso, V., Cardinale, V., Casella, G., Cazzagon, N., Ciaccio, A., Coco, B., Colli, A., Colloredo, G., Colombo, M., Colombo, S., Cristoferi, L., Cursaro, C., Croce, L. S., Crosignani, A., D'Amato, D., Donato, F., Elia, G., Fabris, L., Fagiuoli, S., Ferrari, C., Floreani, A., Galli, A., Giannini, E., Grattagliano, I., Lampertico, P., Lleo, A., Malinverno, F., Mancuso, C., Marra, F., Marzioni, M., Massironi, S., Mattalia, A., Miele, L., Milani, C., Morini, L., Morisco, F., Muratori, L., Muratori, P., Niro, G. A., O'Donnell, S., Picciotto, A., Portincasa, P., Rigamonti, C., Ronca, V., Rosina, F., Spinzi, G., Strazzabosco, M., Tarocchi, M., Tiribelli, C., Toniutto, P., Valenti, L., Vinci, M., Zuin, M., Nakamura, H., Abiru, S., Nagaoka, S., Komori, A., Yatsuhashi, H., Ishibashi, H., Ito, M., Migita, K., Ohira, H., Katsushima, S., Naganuma, A., Sugi, K., Komatsu, T., Mannami, T., Matsushita, K., Yoshizawa, K., Makita, F., Nikami, T., Nishimura, H., Kouno, H., Ota, H., Komura, T., Nakamura, Y., Shimada, M., Hirashima, N., Komeda, T., Ario, K., Nakamuta, M., Yamashita, T., Furuta, K., Kikuchi, M., Naeshiro, N., Takahashi, H., Mano, Y., Tsunematsu, S., Yabuuchi, I., Shimada, Y., Yamauchi, K., Sugimoto, R., Sakai, H., Mita, E., Koda, M., Tsuruta, S., Kamitsukasa, H., Sato, T., Masaki, N., Kobata, T., Fukushima, N., Ohara, Y., Muro, T., Takesaki, E., Takaki, H., Yamamoto, T., Kato, M., Nagaoki, Y., Hayashi, S., Ishida, J., Watanabe, Y., Kobayashi, M., Koga, M., Saoshiro, T., Yagura, M., Hirata, K., Tanaka, A., Takikawa, H., Zeniya, M., Abe, M., Onji, M., Kaneko, S., Honda, M., Arai, K., Arinaga-Hino, T., Hashimoto, E., Taniai, M., Umemura, T., Joshita, S., Nakao, K., Ichikawa, T., Shibata, H., Yamagiwa, S., Seike, M., Honda, K., Sakisaka, S., Takeyama, Y., Harada, M., Senju, M., Yokosuka, O., Kanda, T., Ueno, Y., Kikuchi, K., Ebinuma, H., Himoto, T., Yasunami, M., Murata, K., Mizokami, M., Kawata, K., Shimoda, S., Miyake, Y., Takaki, A., Yamamoto, K., Hirano, K., Ichida, T., Ido, A., Tsubouchi, H., Chayama, K., Harada, K., Nakanuma, Y., Maehara, Y., Taketomi, A., Shirabe, K., Soejima, Y., Mori, A., Yagi, S., Uemoto, S., H, E., Tanaka, T., Yamashiki, N., Tamura, S., Sugawara, Y., Kokudo, N., Chalasani, N., Luketic, V., Odin, J., Chopra, K., Abecasis, G., Cantor, M., Coppola, G., Economides, A., Lotta, L. A., Overton, J. D., Reid, J. G., Shuldiner, A., Beechert, C., Forsythe, C., Fuller, E. D., Gu, Z., Lattari, M., Lopez, A., Schleicher, T. D., Padilla, M. S., Toledo, K., Widom, L., Wolf, S. E., Pradhan, M., Manoochehri, K., Ulloa, R. H., Bai, X., Balasubramanian, S., Barnard, L., Blumenfeld, A., Eom, G., Habegger, L., Hawes, A., Khalid, S., Maxwell, E. K., Salerno, W., Staples, J. C., Jones, M. B., Mitnaul, L. J., Sturgess, R., Healey, C., Yeoman, A., Gunasekera, A. V., Kooner, P., Kapur, K., Sathyanarayana, V., Kallis, Y., Subhani, J., Harvey, R., Mccorry, R., Rooney, P., Ramanaden, D., Evans, R., Mathialahan, T., Gasem, J., Shorrock, C., Bhalme, M., Southern, P., Tibble, J. A., Gorard, D. A., Jones, S., Mells, G., Mulcahy, V., Srivastava, B., Foxton, M. R., Collins, C. E., Elphick, D., Karmo, M., Porras-Perez, F., Mendall, M., Yapp, T., Patel, M., Ede, R., Sayer, J., Jupp, J., Fisher, N., Carter, M. J., Koss, K., Shah, J., Piotrowicz, A., Scott, G., Grimley, C., Gooding, I. R., Williams, S., Tidbury, J., Lim, G., Cheent, K., Levi, S., Mansour, D., Beckley, M., Hollywood, C., Wong, T., Marley, R., Ramage, J., Gordon, H. M., Ridpath, J., Ngatchu, T., Bob Grover, V. P., Shidrawi, R. G., Abouda, G., Corless, L., Narain, M., Rees, I., Brown, A., Taylor-Robinson, S., Wilkins, J., Grellier, L., Banim, P., Das, D., Heneghan, M. A., Curtis, H., Matthews, H. C., Mohammed, F., Aldersley, M., Srirajaskanthan, R., Walker, G., Mcnair, A., Sharif, A., Sen, S., Bird, G., Prince, M. I., Prasad, G., Kitchen, P., Barnardo, A., Oza, C., Sivaramakrishnan, N. N., Gupta, P., Shah, A., Evans, C. D., Saha, S., Pollock, K., Bramley, P., Mukhopadhya, A., Barclay, S. T., Mcdonald, N., Bathgate, A. J., Palmer, K., Dillon, J. F., Rushbrook, S. M., Przemioslo, R., Mcdonald, C., Millar, A., Tai, C., Mitchell, S., Metcalf, J., Shaukat, S., Ninkovic, M., Shmueli, U., Davis, A., Naqvi, A., Lee, T. J., Ryder, S., Collier, J., Klass, H., Cramp, M. E., Sharer, N., Aspinall, R., Ghosh, D., Douds, A. C., Booth, J., Williams, E., Hussaini, H., Christie, J., Mann, S., Thorburn, D., Marshall, A., Patanwala, I., Ala, A., Maltby, J., Matthew, R., Corbett, C., Vyas, S., Singhal, S., Gleeson, D., Misra, S., Butterworth, J., George, K., Harding, T., Douglass, A., Mitchison, H., Panter, S., Shearman, J., Bray, G., Roberts, M., Butcher, G., Forton, D., Mahmood, Z., Cowan, M., Ch'Ng, C. L., Rahman, M., Whatley, G. C. A., Wesley, E., Mandal, A., Jain, S., Pereira, S. P., Wright, M., Trivedi, P., Gordon, F. H., Unitt, E., Palejwala, A., Austin, A., Vemala, V., Grant, A., Higham, A. D., Brind, A., Mathew, R., Cox, M., Ramakrishnan, S., King, A., Whalley, S., Fraser, J., Thomson, S. J., Bell, A., Wong, V. S., Kia, R., Gee, I., Keld, R., Ransford, R., Gotto, J., Millson, C., Cordell H.J., Fryett J.J., Ueno K., Darlay R., Aiba Y., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Khor S.-S., Gervais O., Kawai Y., Nagasaki M., Tokunaga K., Tang R., Shi Y., Li Z., Juran B.D., Atkinson E.J., Gerussi A., Carbone M., Asselta R., Cheung A., de Andrade M., Baras A., Horowitz J., Ferreira M.A.R., Sun D., Jones D.E., Flack S., Spicer A., Mulcahy V.L., Byun J., Han Y., Sandford R.N., Lazaridis K.N., Amos C.I., Hirschfield G.M., Seldin M.F., Invernizzi P., Siminovitch K.A., Ma X., Nakamura M., Mells G.F., Mason A., Vincent C., Xie G., Zhang J., Affronti A., Almasio P.L., Alvaro D., Andreone P., Andriulli A., Azzaroli F., Battezzati P.M., Benedetti A., Bragazzi M.C., Brunetto M., Bruno S., Calvaruso V., Cardinale V., Casella G., Cazzagon N., Ciaccio A., Coco B., Colli A., Colloredo G., Colombo M., Colombo S., Cristoferi L., Cursaro C., Croce L.S., Crosignani A., D'Amato D., Donato F., Elia G., Fabris L., Fagiuoli S., Ferrari C., Floreani A., Galli A., Giannini E., Grattagliano I., Lampertico P., Lleo A., Malinverno F., Mancuso C., Marra F., Marzioni M., Massironi S., Mattalia A., Miele L., Milani C., Morini L., Morisco F., Muratori L., Muratori P., Niro G.A., O'Donnell S., Picciotto A., Portincasa P., Rigamonti C., Ronca V., Rosina F., Spinzi G., Strazzabosco M., Tarocchi M., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Valenti L., Vinci M., Zuin M., Nakamura H., Abiru S., Nagaoka S., Komori A., Yatsuhashi H., Ishibashi H., Ito M., Migita K., Ohira H., Katsushima S., Naganuma A., Sugi K., Komatsu T., Mannami T., Matsushita K., Yoshizawa K., Makita F., Nikami T., Nishimura H., Kouno H., Ota H., Komura T., Nakamura Y., Shimada M., Hirashima N., Komeda T., Ario K., Nakamuta M., Yamashita T., Furuta K., Kikuchi M., Naeshiro N., Takahashi H., Mano Y., Tsunematsu S., Yabuuchi I., Shimada Y., Yamauchi K., Sugimoto R., Sakai H., Mita E., Koda M., Tsuruta S., Kamitsukasa H., Sato T., Masaki N., Kobata T., Fukushima N., Ohara Y., Muro T., Takesaki E., Takaki H., Yamamoto T., Kato M., Nagaoki Y., Hayashi S., Ishida J., Watanabe Y., Kobayashi M., Koga M., Saoshiro T., Yagura M., Hirata K., Tanaka A., Takikawa H., Zeniya M., Abe M., Onji M., Kaneko S., Honda M., Arai K., Arinaga-Hino T., Hashimoto E., Taniai M., Umemura T., Joshita S., Nakao K., Ichikawa T., Shibata H., Yamagiwa S., Seike M., Honda K., Sakisaka S., Takeyama Y., Harada M., Senju M., Yokosuka O., Kanda T., Ueno Y., Kikuchi K., Ebinuma H., Himoto T., Yasunami M., Murata K., Mizokami M., Kawata K., Shimoda S., Miyake Y., Takaki A., Yamamoto K., Hirano K., Ichida T., Ido A., Tsubouchi H., Chayama K., Harada K., Nakanuma Y., Maehara Y., Taketomi A., Shirabe K., Soejima Y., Mori A., Yagi S., Uemoto S., H E., Tanaka T., Yamashiki N., Tamura S., Sugawara Y., Kokudo N., Chalasani N., Luketic V., Odin J., Chopra K., Abecasis G., Cantor M., Coppola G., Economides A., Lotta L.A., Overton J.D., Reid J.G., Shuldiner A., Beechert C., Forsythe C., Fuller E.D., Gu Z., Lattari M., Lopez A., Schleicher T.D., Padilla M.S., Toledo K., Widom L., Wolf S.E., Pradhan M., Manoochehri K., Ulloa R.H., Bai X., Balasubramanian S., Barnard L., Blumenfeld A., Eom G., Habegger L., Hawes A., Khalid S., Maxwell E.K., Salerno W., Staples J.C., Jones M.B., Mitnaul L.J., Sturgess R., Healey C., Yeoman A., Gunasekera A.V.J., Kooner P., Kapur K., Sathyanarayana V., Kallis Y., Subhani J., Harvey R., McCorry R., Rooney P., Ramanaden D., Evans R., Mathialahan T., Gasem J., Shorrock C., Bhalme M., Southern P., Tibble J.A., Gorard D.A., Jones S., Mells G., Mulcahy V., Srivastava B., Foxton M.R., Collins C.E., Elphick D., Karmo M., Porras-Perez F., Mendall M., Yapp T., Patel M., Ede R., Sayer J., Jupp J., Fisher N., Carter M.J., Koss K., Shah J., Piotrowicz A., Scott G., Grimley C., Gooding I.R., Williams S., Tidbury J., Lim G., Cheent K., Levi S., Mansour D., Beckley M., Hollywood C., Wong T., Marley R., Ramage J., Gordon H.M., Ridpath J., Ngatchu T., Bob Grover V.P., Shidrawi R.G., Abouda G., Corless L., Narain M., Rees I., Brown A., Taylor-Robinson S., Wilkins J., Grellier L., Banim P., Das D., Heneghan M.A., Curtis H., Matthews H.C., Mohammed F., Aldersley M., Srirajaskanthan R., Walker G., McNair A., Sharif A., Sen S., Bird G., Prince M.I., Prasad G., Kitchen P., Barnardo A., Oza C., Sivaramakrishnan N.N., Gupta P., Shah A., Evans C.D.J., Saha S., Pollock K., Bramley P., Mukhopadhya A., Barclay S.T., McDonald N., Bathgate A.J., Palmer K., Dillon J.F., Rushbrook S.M., Przemioslo R., McDonald C., Millar A., Tai C., Mitchell S., Metcalf J., Shaukat S., Ninkovic M., Shmueli U., Davis A., Naqvi A., Lee T.J.W., Ryder S., Collier J., Klass H., Cramp M.E., Sharer N., Aspinall R., Ghosh D., Douds A.C., Booth J., Williams E., Hussaini H., Christie J., Mann S., Thorburn D., Marshall A., Patanwala I., Ala A., Maltby J., Matthew R., Corbett C., Vyas S., Singhal S., Gleeson D., Misra S., Butterworth J., George K., Harding T., Douglass A., Mitchison H., Panter S., Shearman J., Bray G., Roberts M., Butcher G., Forton D., Mahmood Z., Cowan M., Ch'ng C.L., Rahman M., Whatley G.C.A., Wesley E., Mandal A., Jain S., Pereira S.P., Wright M., Trivedi P., Gordon F.H., Unitt E., Palejwala A., Austin A., Vemala V., Grant A., Higham A.D., Brind A., Mathew R., Cox M., Ramakrishnan S., King A., Whalley S., Fraser J., Thomson S.J., Bell A., Wong V.S., Kia R., Gee I., Keld R., Ransford R., Gotto J., and Millson C.

Subjects
PBC
Abstract

It has come to our attention that the name of one of the authors in our manuscript was incorrectly spelled ‘Jinyoung Byan’; the correct spelling is ‘Jinyoung Byun’ as in the author list above. In addition, the excel files of the supplementary tables were not included during the online publication of our article. These have now been made available online. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.

Published
2022

15. An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs

Author

Heather J. Cordell, James J. Fryett, Kazuko Ueno, Rebecca Darlay, Yoshihiro Aiba, Yuki Hitomi, Minae Kawashima, Nao Nishida, Seik-Soon Khor, Olivier Gervais, Yosuke Kawai, Masao Nagasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ruqi Tang, Yongyong Shi, Zhiqiang Li, Brian D. Juran, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Alessio Gerussi, Marco Carbone, Rosanna Asselta, Angela Cheung, Mariza de Andrade, Aris Baras, Julie Horowitz, Manuel A.R. Ferreira, Dylan Sun, David E. Jones, Steven Flack, Ann Spicer, Victoria L. Mulcahy, Jinyoung Byan, Younghun Han, Richard N. Sandford, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Christopher I. Amos, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Michael F. Seldin, Pietro Invernizzi, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Xiong Ma, Minoru Nakamura, George F. Mells, Andrew Mason, Catherine Vincent, Gang Xie, Jinyi Zhang, Andrea Affronti, Piero L. Almasio, Domenico Alvaro, Pietro Andreone, Angelo Andriulli, Francesco Azzaroli, Pier Maria Battezzati, Antonio Benedetti, MariaConsiglia Bragazzi, Maurizia Brunetto, Savino Bruno, Vincenza Calvaruso, Vincenzo Cardinale, Giovanni Casella, Nora Cazzagon, Antonio Ciaccio, Barbara Coco, Agostino Colli, Guido Colloredo, Massimo Colombo, Silvia Colombo, Laura Cristoferi, Carmela Cursaro, Lory Saveria Crocè, Andrea Crosignani, Daphne D’Amato, Francesca Donato, Gianfranco Elia, Luca Fabris, Stefano Fagiuoli, Carlo Ferrari, Annarosa Floreani, Andrea Galli, Edoardo Giannini, Ignazio Grattagliano, Pietro Lampertico, Ana Lleo, Federica Malinverno, Clara Mancuso, Fabio Marra, Marco Marzioni, Sara Massironi, Alberto Mattalia, Luca Miele, Chiara Milani, Lorenzo Morini, Filomena Morisco, Luigi Muratori, Paolo Muratori, Grazia A. Niro, Sarah O’Donnell, Antonio Picciotto, Piero Portincasa, Cristina Rigamonti, Vincenzo Ronca, Floriano Rosina, Giancarlo Spinzi, Mario Strazzabosco, Mirko Tarocchi, Claudio Tiribelli, Pierluigi Toniutto, Luca Valenti, Maria Vinci, Massimo Zuin, Hitomi Nakamura, Seigo Abiru, Shinya Nagaoka, Atsumasa Komori, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Hiromi Ishibashi, Masahiro Ito, Kiyoshi Migita, Hiromasa Ohira, Shinji Katsushima, Atsushi Naganuma, Kazuhiro Sugi, Tatsuji Komatsu, Tomohiko Mannami, Kouki Matsushita, Kaname Yoshizawa, Fujio Makita, Toshiki Nikami, Hideo Nishimura, Hiroshi Kouno, Hirotaka Kouno, Hajime Ota, Takuya Komura, Yoko Nakamura, Masaaki Shimada, Noboru Hirashima, Toshiki Komeda, Keisuke Ario, Makoto Nakamuta, Tsutomu Yamashita, Kiyoshi Furuta, Masahiro Kikuchi, Noriaki Naeshiro, Hironao Takahashi, Yutaka Mano, Seiji Tsunematsu, Iwao Yabuuchi, Yusuke Shimada, Kazuhiko Yamauchi, Rie Sugimoto, Hironori Sakai, Eiji Mita, Masaharu Koda, Satoru Tsuruta, Hiroshi Kamitsukasa, Takeaki Sato, Naohiko Masaki, Tatsuro Kobata, Nobuyoshi Fukushima, Yukio Ohara, Toyokichi Muro, Eiichi Takesaki, Hitoshi Takaki, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Michio Kato, Yuko Nagaoki, Shigeki Hayashi, Jinya Ishida, Yukio Watanabe, Masakazu Kobayashi, Michiaki Koga, Takeo Saoshiro, Michiyasu Yagura, Keisuke Hirata, Atsushu Tanaka, Hajime Takikawa, Mikio Zeniya, Masanori Abe, Morikazu Onji, Shuichi Kaneko, Masao Honda, Kuniaki Arai, Teruko Arinaga-Hino, Etsuko Hashimoto, Makiko Taniai, Takeji Umemura, Satoru Joshita, Kazuhiko Nakao, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Hidetaka Shibata, Satoshi Yamagiwa, Masataka Seike, Koichi Honda, Shotaro Sakisaka, Yasuaki Takeyama, Masaru Harada, Michio Senju, Osamu Yokosuka, Tatsuo Kanda, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Kentaro Kikuchi, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Takashi Himoto, Michio Yasunami, Kazumoto Murata, Masashi Mizokami, Kazuhito Kawata, Shinji Shimoda, Yasuhiro Miyake, Akinobu Takaki, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Katsuji Hirano, Takafumi Ichida, Akio Ido, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Kazuaki Chayama, Kenichi Harada, Yasuni Nakanuma, Yoshihiko Maehara, Akinobu Taketomi, Ken Shirabe, Yuji Soejima, Akira Mori, Shintaro Yagi, Shinji Uemoto, Egawa H, Tomohiro Tanaka, Noriyo Yamashiki, Sumito Tamura, Yasuhiro Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo, Naga Chalasani, Vel Luketic, Joseph Odin, Kapil Chopra, Goncalo Abecasis, Michael Cantor, Giovanni Coppola, Aris Economides, Luca A. Lotta, John D. Overton, Jeffrey G. Reid, Alan Shuldiner, Christina Beechert, Caitlin Forsythe, Erin D. Fuller, Zhenhua Gu, Michael Lattari, Alexander Lopez, Thomas D. Schleicher, Maria Sotiropoulos Padilla, Karina Toledo, Louis Widom, Sarah E. Wolf, Manasi Pradhan, Kia Manoochehri, Ricardo H. Ulloa, Xiaodong Bai, Suganthi Balasubramanian, Leland Barnard, Andrew Blumenfeld, Gisu Eom, Lukas Habegger, Alicia Hawes, Shareef Khalid, Evan K. Maxwell, William Salerno, Jeffrey C. Staples, Marcus B. Jones, Lyndon J. Mitnaul, Richard Sturgess, Christopher Healey, Andrew Yeoman, Anton VJ. Gunasekera, Paul Kooner, Kapil Kapur, V. Sathyanarayana, Yiannis Kallis, Javaid Subhani, Rory Harvey, Roger McCorry, Paul Rooney, David Ramanaden, Richard Evans, Thiriloganathan Mathialahan, Jaber Gasem, Christopher Shorrock, Mahesh Bhalme, Paul Southern, Jeremy A. Tibble, David A. Gorard, Susan Jones, George Mells, Victoria Mulcahy, Brijesh Srivastava, Matthew R. Foxton, Carole E. Collins, David Elphick, Mazn Karmo, Francisco Porras-Perez, Michael Mendall, Tom Yapp, Minesh Patel, Roland Ede, Joanne Sayer, James Jupp, Neil Fisher, Martyn J. Carter, Konrad Koss, Jayshri Shah, Andrzej Piotrowicz, Glyn Scott, Charles Grimley, Ian R. Gooding, Simon Williams, Judith Tidbury, Guan Lim, Kuldeep Cheent, Sass Levi, Dina Mansour, Matilda Beckley, Coral Hollywood, Terry Wong, Richard Marley, John Ramage, Harriet M. Gordon, Jo Ridpath, Theodore Ngatchu, Vijay Paul Bob Grover, Ray G. Shidrawi, George Abouda, L. Corless, Mark Narain, Ian Rees, Ashley Brown, Simon Taylor-Robinson, Joy Wilkins, Leonie Grellier, Paul Banim, Debasish Das, Michael A. Heneghan, Howard Curtis, Helen C. Matthews, Faiyaz Mohammed, Mark Aldersley, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Giles Walker, Alistair McNair, Amar Sharif, Sambit Sen, George Bird, Martin I. Prince, Geeta Prasad, Paul Kitchen, Adrian Barnardo, Chirag Oza, Nurani N. Sivaramakrishnan, Prakash Gupta, Amir Shah, Chris DJ. Evans, Subrata Saha, Katharine Pollock, Peter Bramley, Ashis Mukhopadhya, Stephen T. Barclay, Natasha McDonald, Andrew J. Bathgate, Kelvin Palmer, John F. Dillon, Simon M. Rushbrook, Robert Przemioslo, Chris McDonald, Andrew Millar, Cheh Tai, Stephen Mitchell, Jane Metcalf, Syed Shaukat, Mary Ninkovic, Udi Shmueli, Andrew Davis, Asifabbas Naqvi, Tom JW. Lee, Stephen Ryder, Jane Collier, Howard Klass, Matthew E. Cramp, Nichols Sharer, Richard Aspinall, Deb Ghosh, Andrew C. Douds, Jonathan Booth, Earl Williams, Hyder Hussaini, John Christie, Steven Mann, Douglas Thorburn, Aileen Marshall, Imran Patanwala, Aftab Ala, Julia Maltby, Ray Matthew, Chris Corbett, Sam Vyas, Saket Singhal, Dermot Gleeson, Sharat Misra, Jeff Butterworth, Keith George, Tim Harding, Andrew Douglass, Harriet Mitchison, Simon Panter, Jeremy Shearman, Gary Bray, Michael Roberts, Graham Butcher, Daniel Forton, Zahid Mahmood, Matthew Cowan, Debashis Das, Chin Lye Ch’ng, Mesbah Rahman, Gregory C.A. Whatley, Emma Wesley, Aditya Mandal, Sanjiv Jain, Stephen P. Pereira, Mark Wright, Palak Trivedi, Fiona H. Gordon, Esther Unitt, Altaf Palejwala, Andrew Austin, Vishwaraj Vemala, Allister Grant, Andrew D. Higham, Alison Brind, Ray Mathew, Mark Cox, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, Alistair King, Simon Whalley, Jocelyn Fraser, S.J. Thomson, Andrew Bell, Voi Shim Wong, Richard Kia, Ian Gee, Richard Keld, Rupert Ransford, James Gotto, Charles Millson, Cordell, H. J., Fryett, J. J., Ueno, K., Darlay, R., Aiba, Y., Hitomi, Y., Kawashima, M., Nishida, N., Khor, S. -S., Gervais, O., Kawai, Y., Nagasaki, M., Tokunaga, K., Tang, R., Shi, Y., Li, Z., Juran, B. D., Atkinson, E. J., Gerussi, A., Carbone, M., Asselta, R., Cheung, A., de Andrade, M., Baras, A., Horowitz, J., Ferreira, M. A. R., Sun, D., Jones, D. E., Flack, S., Spicer, A., Mulcahy, V. L., Byan, J., Han, Y., Sandford, R. N., Lazaridis, K. N., Amos, C. I., Hirschfield, G. M., Seldin, M. F., Invernizzi, P., Siminovitch, K. A., Ma, X., Nakamura, M., Mells, G. F., Mason, A., Vincent, C., Xie, G., Zhang, J., Affronti, A., Almasio, P. L., Alvaro, D., Andreone, P., Andriulli, A., Azzaroli, F., Battezzati, P. M., Benedetti, A., Bragazzi, M., Brunetto, M., Bruno, S., Calvaruso, V., Cardinale, V., Casella, G., Cazzagon, N., Ciaccio, A., Coco, B., Colli, A., Colloredo, G., Colombo, M., Colombo, S., Cristoferi, L., Cursaro, C., Croce, L. S., Crosignani, A., D'Amato, D., Donato, F., Elia, G., Fabris, L., Fagiuoli, S., Ferrari, C., Floreani, A., Galli, A., Giannini, E., Grattagliano, I., Lampertico, P., Lleo, A., Malinverno, F., Mancuso, C., Marra, F., Marzioni, M., Massironi, S., Mattalia, A., Miele, L., Milani, C., Morini, L., Morisco, F., Muratori, L., Muratori, P., Niro, G. A., O'Donnell, S., Picciotto, A., Portincasa, P., Rigamonti, C., Ronca, V., Rosina, F., Spinzi, G., Strazzabosco, M., Tarocchi, M., Tiribelli, C., Toniutto, P., Valenti, L., Vinci, M., Zuin, M., Nakamura, H., Abiru, S., Nagaoka, S., Komori, A., Yatsuhashi, H., Ishibashi, H., Ito, M., Migita, K., Ohira, H., Katsushima, S., Naganuma, A., Sugi, K., Komatsu, T., Mannami, T., Matsushita, K., Yoshizawa, K., Makita, F., Nikami, T., Nishimura, H., Kouno, H., Ota, H., Komura, T., Nakamura, Y., Shimada, M., Hirashima, N., Komeda, T., Ario, K., Nakamuta, M., Yamashita, T., Furuta, K., Kikuchi, M., Naeshiro, N., Takahashi, H., Mano, Y., Tsunematsu, S., Yabuuchi, I., Shimada, Y., Yamauchi, K., Sugimoto, R., Sakai, H., Mita, E., Koda, M., Tsuruta, S., Kamitsukasa, H., Sato, T., Masaki, N., Kobata, T., Fukushima, N., Ohara, Y., Muro, T., Takesaki, E., Takaki, H., Yamamoto, T., Kato, M., Nagaoki, Y., Hayashi, S., Ishida, J., Watanabe, Y., Kobayashi, M., Koga, M., Saoshiro, T., Yagura, M., Hirata, K., Tanaka, A., Takikawa, H., Zeniya, M., Abe, M., Onji, M., Kaneko, S., Honda, M., Arai, K., Arinaga-Hino, T., Hashimoto, E., Taniai, M., Umemura, T., Joshita, S., Nakao, K., Ichikawa, T., Shibata, H., Yamagiwa, S., Seike, M., Honda, K., Sakisaka, S., Takeyama, Y., Harada, M., Senju, M., Yokosuka, O., Kanda, T., Ueno, Y., Kikuchi, K., Ebinuma, H., Himoto, T., Yasunami, M., Murata, K., Mizokami, M., Kawata, K., Shimoda, S., Miyake, Y., Takaki, A., Yamamoto, K., Hirano, K., Ichida, T., Ido, A., Tsubouchi, H., Chayama, K., Harada, K., Nakanuma, Y., Maehara, Y., Taketomi, A., Shirabe, K., Soejima, Y., Mori, A., Yagi, S., Uemoto, S., H, E., Tanaka, T., Yamashiki, N., Tamura, S., Sugawara, Y., Kokudo, N., Chalasani, N., Luketic, V., Odin, J., Chopra, K., Abecasis, G., Cantor, M., Coppola, G., Economides, A., Lotta, L. A., Overton, J. D., Reid, J. G., Shuldiner, A., Beechert, C., Forsythe, C., Fuller, E. D., Gu, Z., Lattari, M., Lopez, A., Schleicher, T. D., Padilla, M. S., Toledo, K., Widom, L., Wolf, S. E., Pradhan, M., Manoochehri, K., Ulloa, R. H., Bai, X., Balasubramanian, S., Barnard, L., Blumenfeld, A., Eom, G., Habegger, L., Hawes, A., Khalid, S., Maxwell, E. K., Salerno, W., Staples, J. C., Jones, M. B., Mitnaul, L. J., Sturgess, R., Healey, C., Yeoman, A., Gunasekera, A. V., Kooner, P., Kapur, K., Sathyanarayana, V., Kallis, Y., Subhani, J., Harvey, R., Mccorry, R., Rooney, P., Ramanaden, D., Evans, R., Mathialahan, T., Gasem, J., Shorrock, C., Bhalme, M., Southern, P., Tibble, J. A., Gorard, D. A., Jones, S., Mells, G., Mulcahy, V., Srivastava, B., Foxton, M. R., Collins, C. E., Elphick, D., Karmo, M., Porras-Perez, F., Mendall, M., Yapp, T., Patel, M., Ede, R., Sayer, J., Jupp, J., Fisher, N., Carter, M. J., Koss, K., Shah, J., Piotrowicz, A., Scott, G., Grimley, C., Gooding, I. R., Williams, S., Tidbury, J., Lim, G., Cheent, K., Levi, S., Mansour, D., Beckley, M., Hollywood, C., Wong, T., Marley, R., Ramage, J., Gordon, H. M., Ridpath, J., Ngatchu, T., Bob Grover, V. P., Shidrawi, R. G., Abouda, G., Corless, L., Narain, M., Rees, I., Brown, A., Taylor-Robinson, S., Wilkins, J., Grellier, L., Banim, P., Das, D., Heneghan, M. A., Curtis, H., Matthews, H. C., Mohammed, F., Aldersley, M., Srirajaskanthan, R., Walker, G., Mcnair, A., Sharif, A., Sen, S., Bird, G., Prince, M. I., Prasad, G., Kitchen, P., Barnardo, A., Oza, C., Sivaramakrishnan, N. N., Gupta, P., Shah, A., Evans, C. D., Saha, S., Pollock, K., Bramley, P., Mukhopadhya, A., Barclay, S. T., Mcdonald, N., Bathgate, A. J., Palmer, K., Dillon, J. F., Rushbrook, S. M., Przemioslo, R., Mcdonald, C., Millar, A., Tai, C., Mitchell, S., Metcalf, J., Shaukat, S., Ninkovic, M., Shmueli, U., Davis, A., Naqvi, A., Lee, T. J., Ryder, S., Collier, J., Klass, H., Cramp, M. E., Sharer, N., Aspinall, R., Ghosh, D., Douds, A. C., Booth, J., Williams, E., Hussaini, H., Christie, J., Mann, S., Thorburn, D., Marshall, A., Patanwala, I., Ala, A., Maltby, J., Matthew, R., Corbett, C., Vyas, S., Singhal, S., Gleeson, D., Misra, S., Butterworth, J., George, K., Harding, T., Douglass, A., Mitchison, H., Panter, S., Shearman, J., Bray, G., Roberts, M., Butcher, G., Forton, D., Mahmood, Z., Cowan, M., Ch'Ng, C. L., Rahman, M., Whatley, G. C. A., Wesley, E., Mandal, A., Jain, S., Pereira, S. P., Wright, M., Trivedi, P., Gordon, F. H., Unitt, E., Palejwala, A., Austin, A., Vemala, V., Grant, A., Higham, A. D., Brind, A., Mathew, R., Cox, M., Ramakrishnan, S., King, A., Whalley, S., Fraser, J., Thomson, S. J., Bell, A., Wong, V. S., Kia, R., Gee, I., Keld, R., Ransford, R., Gotto, J., Millson, C., Cordell H.J., Fryett J.J., Ueno K., Darlay R., Aiba Y., Hitomi Y., Kawashima M., Nishida N., Khor S.-S., Gervais O., Kawai Y., Nagasaki M., Tokunaga K., Tang R., Shi Y., Li Z., Juran B.D., Atkinson E.J., Gerussi A., Carbone M., Asselta R., Cheung A., de Andrade M., Baras A., Horowitz J., Ferreira M.A.R., Sun D., Jones D.E., Flack S., Spicer A., Mulcahy V.L., Byan J., Han Y., Sandford R.N., Lazaridis K.N., Amos C.I., Hirschfield G.M., Seldin M.F., Invernizzi P., Siminovitch K.A., Ma X., Nakamura M., Mells G.F., Mason A., Vincent C., Xie G., Zhang J., Affronti A., Almasio P.L., Alvaro D., Andreone P., Andriulli A., Azzaroli F., Battezzati P.M., Benedetti A., Bragazzi M., Brunetto M., Bruno S., Calvaruso V., Cardinale V., Casella G., Cazzagon N., Ciaccio A., Coco B., Colli A., Colloredo G., Colombo M., Colombo S., Cristoferi L., Cursaro C., Croce L.S., Crosignani A., D'Amato D., Donato F., Elia G., Fabris L., Fagiuoli S., Ferrari C., Floreani A., Galli A., Giannini E., Grattagliano I., Lampertico P., Lleo A., Malinverno F., Mancuso C., Marra F., Marzioni M., Massironi S., Mattalia A., Miele L., Milani C., Morini L., Morisco F., Muratori L., Muratori P., Niro G.A., O'Donnell S., Picciotto A., Portincasa P., Rigamonti C., Ronca V., Rosina F., Spinzi G., Strazzabosco M., Tarocchi M., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Valenti L., Vinci M., Zuin M., Nakamura H., Abiru S., Nagaoka S., Komori A., Yatsuhashi H., Ishibashi H., Ito M., Migita K., Ohira H., Katsushima S., Naganuma A., Sugi K., Komatsu T., Mannami T., Matsushita K., Yoshizawa K., Makita F., Nikami T., Nishimura H., Kouno H., Ota H., Komura T., Nakamura Y., Shimada M., Hirashima N., Komeda T., Ario K., Nakamuta M., Yamashita T., Furuta K., Kikuchi M., Naeshiro N., Takahashi H., Mano Y., Tsunematsu S., Yabuuchi I., Shimada Y., Yamauchi K., Sugimoto R., Sakai H., Mita E., Koda M., Tsuruta S., Kamitsukasa H., Sato T., Masaki N., Kobata T., Fukushima N., Ohara Y., Muro T., Takesaki E., Takaki H., Yamamoto T., Kato M., Nagaoki Y., Hayashi S., Ishida J., Watanabe Y., Kobayashi M., Koga M., Saoshiro T., Yagura M., Hirata K., Tanaka A., Takikawa H., Zeniya M., Abe M., Onji M., Kaneko S., Honda M., Arai K., Arinaga-Hino T., Hashimoto E., Taniai M., Umemura T., Joshita S., Nakao K., Ichikawa T., Shibata H., Yamagiwa S., Seike M., Honda K., Sakisaka S., Takeyama Y., Harada M., Senju M., Yokosuka O., Kanda T., Ueno Y., Kikuchi K., Ebinuma H., Himoto T., Yasunami M., Murata K., Mizokami M., Kawata K., Shimoda S., Miyake Y., Takaki A., Yamamoto K., Hirano K., Ichida T., Ido A., Tsubouchi H., Chayama K., Harada K., Nakanuma Y., Maehara Y., Taketomi A., Shirabe K., Soejima Y., Mori A., Yagi S., Uemoto S., H E., Tanaka T., Yamashiki N., Tamura S., Sugawara Y., Kokudo N., Chalasani N., Luketic V., Odin J., Chopra K., Abecasis G., Cantor M., Coppola G., Economides A., Lotta L.A., Overton J.D., Reid J.G., Shuldiner A., Beechert C., Forsythe C., Fuller E.D., Gu Z., Lattari M., Lopez A., Schleicher T.D., Padilla M.S., Toledo K., Widom L., Wolf S.E., Pradhan M., Manoochehri K., Ulloa R.H., Bai X., Balasubramanian S., Barnard L., Blumenfeld A., Eom G., Habegger L., Hawes A., Khalid S., Maxwell E.K., Salerno W., Staples J.C., Jones M.B., Mitnaul L.J., Sturgess R., Healey C., Yeoman A., Gunasekera A.V., Kooner P., Kapur K., Sathyanarayana V., Kallis Y., Subhani J., Harvey R., McCorry R., Rooney P., Ramanaden D., Evans R., Mathialahan T., Gasem J., Shorrock C., Bhalme M., Southern P., Tibble J.A., Gorard D.A., Jones S., Mells G., Mulcahy V., Srivastava B., Foxton M.R., Collins C.E., Elphick D., Karmo M., Porras-Perez F., Mendall M., Yapp T., Patel M., Ede R., Sayer J., Jupp J., Fisher N., Carter M.J., Koss K., Shah J., Piotrowicz A., Scott G., Grimley C., Gooding I.R., Williams S., Tidbury J., Lim G., Cheent K., Levi S., Mansour D., Beckley M., Hollywood C., Wong T., Marley R., Ramage J., Gordon H.M., Ridpath J., Ngatchu T., Bob Grover V.P., Shidrawi R.G., Abouda G., Corless L., Narain M., Rees I., Brown A., Taylor-Robinson S., Wilkins J., Grellier L., Banim P., Das D., Heneghan M.A., Curtis H., Matthews H.C., Mohammed F., Aldersley M., Srirajaskanthan R., Walker G., McNair A., Sharif A., Sen S., Bird G., Prince M.I., Prasad G., Kitchen P., Barnardo A., Oza C., Sivaramakrishnan N.N., Gupta P., Shah A., Evans C.D., Saha S., Pollock K., Bramley P., Mukhopadhya A., Barclay S.T., McDonald N., Bathgate A.J., Palmer K., Dillon J.F., Rushbrook S.M., Przemioslo R., McDonald C., Millar A., Tai C., Mitchell S., Metcalf J., Shaukat S., Ninkovic M., Shmueli U., Davis A., Naqvi A., Lee T.J., Ryder S., Collier J., Klass H., Cramp M.E., Sharer N., Aspinall R., Ghosh D., Douds A.C., Booth J., Williams E., Hussaini H., Christie J., Mann S., Thorburn D., Marshall A., Patanwala I., Ala A., Maltby J., Matthew R., Corbett C., Vyas S., Singhal S., Gleeson D., Misra S., Butterworth J., George K., Harding T., Douglass A., Mitchison H., Panter S., Shearman J., Bray G., Roberts M., Butcher G., Forton D., Mahmood Z., Cowan M., Ch'ng C.L., Rahman M., Whatley G.C.A., Wesley E., Mandal A., Jain S., Pereira S.P., Wright M., Trivedi P., Gordon F.H., Unitt E., Palejwala A., Austin A., Vemala V., Grant A., Higham A.D., Brind A., Mathew R., Cox M., Ramakrishnan S., King A., Whalley S., Fraser J., Thomson S.J., Bell A., Wong V.S., Kia R., Gee I., Keld R., Ransford R., Gotto J., Millson C., Medical Research Council (MRC), LiveR North, Cordell, H, Fryett, J, Ueno, K, Darlay, R, Aiba, Y, Hitomi, Y, Kawashima, M, Nishida, N, Khor, S, Gervais, O, Kawai, Y, Nagasaki, M, Tokunaga, K, Tang, R, Shi, Y, Li, Z, Juran, B, Atkinson, E, Gerussi, A, Carbone, M, Asselta, R, Cheung, A, de Andrade, M, Baras, A, Horowitz, J, Ferreira, M, Sun, D, Jones, D, Flack, S, Spicer, A, Mulcahy, V, Byan, J, Han, Y, Sandford, R, Lazaridis, K, Amos, C, Hirschfield, G, Seldin, M, Invernizzi, P, Siminovitch, K, Ma, X, Nakamura, M, Mells, G, Mason, A, Vincent, C, Xie, G, Zhang, J, Affronti, A, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Azzaroli, F, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Calvaruso, V, Cardinale, V, Casella, G, Cazzagon, N, Ciaccio, A, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colloredo, G, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cristoferi, L, Cursaro, C, Croce, L, Crosignani, A, D'Amato, D, Donato, F, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Fagiuoli, S, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Galli, A, Giannini, E, Grattagliano, I, Lampertico, P, Lleo, A, Malinverno, F, Mancuso, C, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Massironi, S, Mattalia, A, Miele, L, Milani, C, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, O'Donnell, S, Picciotto, A, Portincasa, P, Rigamonti, C, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Spinzi, G, Strazzabosco, M, Tarocchi, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Valenti, L, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Nakamura, H, Abiru, S, Nagaoka, S, Komori, A, Yatsuhashi, H, Ishibashi, H, Ito, M, Migita, K, Ohira, H, Katsushima, S, Naganuma, A, Sugi, K, Komatsu, T, Mannami, T, Matsushita, K, Yoshizawa, K, Makita, F, Nikami, T, Nishimura, H, Kouno, H, Ota, H, Komura, T, Nakamura, Y, Shimada, M, Hirashima, N, Komeda, T, Ario, K, Nakamuta, M, Yamashita, T, Furuta, K, Kikuchi, M, Naeshiro, N, Takahashi, H, Mano, Y, Tsunematsu, S, Yabuuchi, I, Shimada, Y, Yamauchi, K, Sugimoto, R, Sakai, H, Mita, E, Koda, M, Tsuruta, S, Kamitsukasa, H, Sato, T, Masaki, N, Kobata, T, Fukushima, N, Ohara, Y, Muro, T, Takesaki, E, Takaki, H, Yamamoto, T, Kato, M, Nagaoki, Y, Hayashi, S, Ishida, J, Watanabe, Y, Kobayashi, M, Koga, M, Saoshiro, T, Yagura, M, Hirata, K, Tanaka, A, Takikawa, H, Zeniya, M, Abe, M, Onji, M, Kaneko, S, Honda, M, Arai, K, Arinaga-Hino, T, Hashimoto, E, Taniai, M, Umemura, T, Joshita, S, Nakao, K, Ichikawa, T, Shibata, H, Yamagiwa, S, Seike, M, Honda, K, Sakisaka, S, Takeyama, Y, Harada, M, Senju, M, Yokosuka, O, Kanda, T, Ueno, Y, Kikuchi, K, Ebinuma, H, Himoto, T, Yasunami, M, Murata, K, Mizokami, M, Kawata, K, Shimoda, S, Miyake, Y, Takaki, A, Yamamoto, K, Hirano, K, Ichida, T, Ido, A, Tsubouchi, H, Chayama, K, Harada, K, Nakanuma, Y, Maehara, Y, Taketomi, A, Shirabe, K, Soejima, Y, Mori, A, Yagi, S, Uemoto, S, H, E, Tanaka, T, Yamashiki, N, Tamura, S, Sugawara, Y, Kokudo, N, Chalasani, N, Luketic, V, Odin, J, Chopra, K, Abecasis, G, Cantor, M, Coppola, G, Economides, A, Lotta, L, Overton, J, Reid, J, Shuldiner, A, Beechert, C, Forsythe, C, Fuller, E, Gu, Z, Lattari, M, Lopez, A, Schleicher, T, Padilla, M, Toledo, K, Widom, L, Wolf, S, Pradhan, M, Manoochehri, K, Ulloa, R, Bai, X, Balasubramanian, S, Barnard, L, Blumenfeld, A, Eom, G, Habegger, L, Hawes, A, Khalid, S, Maxwell, E, Salerno, W, Staples, J, Jones, M, Mitnaul, L, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Yeoman, A, Gunasekera, A, Kooner, P, Kapur, K, Sathyanarayana, V, Kallis, Y, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Rooney, P, Ramanaden, D, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Gasem, J, Shorrock, C, Bhalme, M, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Jones, S, Srivastava, B, Foxton, M, Collins, C, Elphick, D, Karmo, M, Porras-Perez, F, Mendall, M, Yapp, T, Patel, M, Ede, R, Sayer, J, Jupp, J, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Shah, J, Piotrowicz, A, Scott, G, Grimley, C, Gooding, I, Williams, S, Tidbury, J, Lim, G, Cheent, K, Levi, S, Mansour, D, Beckley, M, Hollywood, C, Wong, T, Marley, R, Ramage, J, Gordon, H, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Bob Grover, V, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Corless, L, Narain, M, Rees, I, Brown, A, Taylor-Robinson, S, Wilkins, J, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Matthews, H, Mohammed, F, Aldersley, M, Srirajaskanthan, R, Walker, G, Mcnair, A, Sharif, A, Sen, S, Bird, G, Prince, M, Prasad, G, Kitchen, P, Barnardo, A, Oza, C, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Gupta, P, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Barclay, S, Mcdonald, N, Bathgate, A, Palmer, K, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Mcdonald, C, Millar, A, Tai, C, Mitchell, S, Metcalf, J, Shaukat, S, Ninkovic, M, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Ryder, S, Collier, J, Klass, H, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Christie, J, Mann, S, Thorburn, D, Marshall, A, Patanwala, I, Ala, A, Maltby, J, Matthew, R, Corbett, C, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Mitchison, H, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Roberts, M, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mahmood, Z, Cowan, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Whatley, G, Wesley, E, Mandal, A, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Wright, M, Trivedi, P, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Palejwala, A, Austin, A, Vemala, V, Grant, A, Higham, A, Brind, A, Mathew, R, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Whalley, S, Fraser, J, Thomson, S, Bell, A, Wong, V, Kia, R, Gee, I, Keld, R, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Cordell HJ, Fryett JJ, Ueno K, Darlay R, Aiba Y, Hitomi Y, Kawashima M, Nishida N, Khor SS, Gervais O, Kawai Y, Nagasaki M, Tokunaga K, Tang R, Shi Y, Li Z, Juran BD, Atkinson EJ, Gerussi A, Carbone M, Asselta R, Cheung A, de Andrade M, Baras A, Horowitz J, Ferreira MAR, Sun D, Jones DE, Flack S, Spicer A, Mulcahy VL, Byan J, Han Y, Sandford RN, Lazaridis KN, Amos CI, Hirschfield GM, Seldin MF, Invernizzi P, Siminovitch KA, Ma X, Nakamura M, Mells GF, PBC Consortia, Canadian PBC Consortium, Chinese PBC Consortium, Italian PBC Study Group, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, US PBC Consortium, UK-PBC Consortium, and Calvaruso V. .

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, ALSPAC, ERN RARE-LIVER, Genomic co-localization, Network-based in silico drug efficacy screening, UK-PBC, 0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Italian PBC Study Group, LD SCORE REGRESSION, Japan-PBC-GWAS Consortium, Genome-wide association study, Locus (genetics), Disease, SUSCEPTIBILITY, PBC, Chronic liver disease, Bioinformatics, GENETIC ASSOCIATION, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, UK-PBC Consortium, Genotype, Medicine, Genetic association, Science & Technology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatology, business.industry, Biliary, Chinese PBC Consortium, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, PBC Consortia, 030104 developmental biology, Meta-analysis, ERN RARE LIVER, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, US PBC Consortium, Canadian PBC Consortium, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract

[BACKGROUND & AIMS] Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease in which autoimmune destruction of the small intra-hepatic bile ducts eventually leads to cirrhosis. Many patients have inadequate response to licensed medications, motivating the search for novel therapies. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses (GWMA) of PBC have identified numerous risk loci for this condition, providing insight into its aetiology. We undertook the largest GWMA of PBC to date, aiming to identify additional risk loci and prioritise candidate genes for in silico drug efficacy screening. [METHODS] We combined new and existing genotype data for 10, 516 cases and 20, 772 controls from five European and two East Asian cohorts. [RESULTS] We identified 56 genome-wide significant loci (20 novel) including 46 in European, 13 in Asian, and 41 in combined cohorts; and a 57th genome-wide significant locus (also novel) in conditional analysis of the European cohorts. Candidate genes at newly identified loci include FCRL3, INAVA, PRDM1, IRF7, CCR6, CD226, and IL12RB1, each having key roles in immunity. Pathway analysis reiterated the likely importance of pattern recognition receptor and TNF signalling, Jak-STAT signalling, and differentiation of TH1 and TH17 cells in the pathogenesis of this disease. Drug efficacy screening identified several medications predicted to be therapeutic in PBC, some well-established in the treatment of other autoimmune disorders. [CONCLUSIONS] This study has identified additional risk loci for PBC, provided a hierarchy of agents that could be trialled in this condition, and emphasised the value of genetic and genomic approaches to drug discovery in complex disorders. [Lay summary] Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease that eventually leads to cirrhosis. In this study, we analysed genetic information from 10, 516 people with PBC and 20, 772 healthy individuals recruited in Canada, China, Italy, Japan, UK, or USA. We identified several genetic regions associated with PBC. Each of these regions contains several genes. For each region, we used diverse sources of evidence to help us choose the gene most likely to be involved in causing PBC. We used these ‘candidate genes’ to help us identify medications that are currently used for treatment of other conditions, which might also be useful for treatment of PBC., 原発性胆汁性胆管炎のゲノムワイド関連解析 --国際メタ解析による新規疾患感受性遺伝子と治療薬候補の同定--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-06-28.

Published
2021

16. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015:a modelling study

Author

Hans Van Vlierberghe, Soo Aleman, Naveed Z. Janjua, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Olufunmilayo A. Lesi, Irena Hrstić, Abdullah M. Assiri, William Rosenberg, Moon sing Lai, Vladimir Chulanov, Jan Sperl, Beat Müllhaupt, Michael Manns, William Sievert, Sabahattin Kaymakoglu, Cesar Yaghi, Evy Yunihastuti, Pierre Van Damme, Jon G. Jonasson, Antonio Javier Blasco, Young Sik Kim, S. Olafsson, Rohani Jahis, Christoph Sarrazin, Manik Sharma, Aasim Yusuf, Omer Hajelssedig, Javier García-Samaniego, Boris Lukšić, Peter Stärkel, Stefan Zeuzem, Stephen Oguche, E. A. Croes, Abdullah S. Alghamdi, Richard Njouom, CE Omuemu, Carlos E Brandão Mello, Adam Mahomed, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Ogu Omede, Said A. Al-Busafi, Sarah Robbins, Peer Brehm Christensen, Ammal M. Metwally, Béla Hunyady, Gamal Esmat, Ivane Gamkrelidze, Maheeba Abdulla, Suzanne Norris, Sarah Blach, Harald Hofer, Maria C Mendes Correa, Devin Razavi-Shearer, Matti Maimets, Chien-Jen Chen, Peter Jarcuska, Marian Oltman, Francesco Negro, Ilias Gountas, Ayman Yosry, Sona Frankova, Adrian Goldis, Laurentius A. Lesmana, Ivan Schréter, Danute Speiciene, Kevork M. Peltekian, Berhane Redae, Stuart K. Roberts, Valentina Liakina, Seyed M Alavian, Wai-cheung C Lao, Ziv Ben-Ari, Imad Al Ghazzawi, Cheryl Brunton, Rudolf E. Stauber, Akram Khan, Tung-Hung Su, Manal H El-Sayed, Kimberly Murphy, Kyriakos Souliotis, Adriana Vince, Ramazan Idilman, Christophe Moreno, Angelos Hatzakis, Lewis R. Roberts, Richard Phillips, Jason Grebely, Michael Gschwantler, Hugo Cheinquer, Vana Sypsa, Samir Shah, Wolfgang Vogel, M. Blachier, Abate Bane, Henri Leleu, Saeed Hamid, Ohene Opare-Sem, Hamad Al-Romaihi, Wan-Long Chuang, Alexander J. Thompson, Agita Jeruma, Robert Flisiak, Catherine A.M. Stedman, Ingo van Thiel, Carole Seguin-Devaux, Jonathan Schmelzer, Juan F.Sanchez Avila, Rui Tato Marinho, Muhammad S. Memon, Nina Weis, Rosmawati Mohamed, Florian Bihl, Moon Seok Choi, David Kershenobich, Vic Arendt, Yee Tak Hui, Mei Hsuan Lee, N. N. Pimenov, Saad Al Kaabi, Ken Pasini, Henrik Krarup, Stefan Mauss, Shahin Merat, Khalid Al Namaani, Rong-Nan Chien, Perttu Arkkila, Henk W. Reesink, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Paul Marotta, Shirley Owusu-Ofori, Fadi H. Mourad, Abdul Rahman Bizri, Chris Estes, Heiner Wedemeyer, Faisal M. Sanai, Mihály Makara, Stephen D. Ryder, Mel Krajden, Laura Cisneros, Adriaan J. van der Meer, Eli Zuckerman, Matthew E. Cramp, Rui Sarmento-Castro, Magnus Gottfredsson, Gregory J. Dore, Huma Qureshi, Yasser Kamel, Olga Sagalova, Rifaat Safadi, Wim Laleman, Solomon Obekpa, Karolin Falconer, Edward Gane, Philip Bruggmann, Fernando Bessone, Jia-Horng Kao, Daniel Lavanchy, Riina Salupere, Anne Øvrehus, Ulus Salih Akarca, Monique Andersson, Man-Fung Yuen, Ala I. Sharara, Olav Dalgard, Homie Razavi, Gamal Shiha, Paulo R. Ferreira, George V. Papatheodoridis, Anatoly Shevaldin, Jawad Khamis, Waseem Hamoudi, Kathryn Razavi-Shearer, Vincent Ws Wong, Loreta A. Kondili, Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz, Wasim Jafri, Pablo Lázaro, Faisal Abaalkhail, David H. Muljono, Youssif Al Serkal, Imam Waked, Zaher Koutoubi, Oidov Baatarkhuu, Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Abraham O. Malu, Daniel Struck, Helen Nde, Alnoor Ramji, Ahmed Abdou, Antoine Abou Rached, Michael Li, Diana Nonković, Jorge Daruich, Ezequiel Ridruejo, Gül Ergör, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Krzysztof Tomasiewicz, Filipe Calinas, Hossein Poustchi, Layla Al-Dabal, Jessie Gunter, Mark W. Sonderup, Colm Bergin, Mario G. Pessoa, Jonas Valantinas, Asad Chaudhry, Junko Tanaka, Tsendsuren S. Oyunsuren, Soek Siam Tan, Vivek A. Saraswat, Young-Suk Lim, Ibrahim Altraif, Victor de Ledinghen, Faryal Al Lawati, Mette Rye Clausen, Ieva Tolmane, Antonio Craxì, Abdulrahman Aljumah, Elmoubashar Farag, Inka Aho, Sayed Himatt, Nishi Prabdial-Sing, Blach S., Zeuzem S., Manns M., Altraif I., Duberg A.-S., Muljono D.H., Waked I., Alavian S.M., Lee M.-H., Negro F., Abaalkhail F., Abdou A., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ghazzawi I., Al Kaabi S., Al Lawati F., Al Namaani K., Al Serkal Y., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-Dabal L., Aleman S., Alghamdi A.S., Aljumah A.A., Al-Romaihi H.E., Andersson M.I., Arendt V., Arkkila P., Assiri A.M., Baatarkhuu O., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Bergin C., Bessone F., Bihl F., Bizri A.R., Blachier M., Blasco A.J., Brandao Mello C.E., Bruggmann P., Brunton C.R., Calinas F., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Cheinquer H., Chen C.-J., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Cisneros L., Clausen M.R., Cramp M.E., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Dalgard O., Daruich J.R., De Ledinghen V., Dore G.J., El-Sayed M.H., Ergor G., Esmat G., Estes C., Falconer K., Farag E., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gamkrelidze I., Gane E., Garcia-Samaniego J., Khan A.G., Gountas I., Goldis A., Gottfredsson M., Grebely J., Gschwantler M., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Gunter J., Hajarizadeh B., Hajelssedig O., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Hatzakis A., Himatt S.M., Hofer H., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T., Hunyady B., Idilman R., Jafri W., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuska P., Jeruma A., Jonasson J.G., Kamel Y., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis J., Kim Y.S., Kondili L., Koutoubi Z., Krajden M., Krarup H., Lai M.-S., Laleman W., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazaro P., Leleu H., Lesi O., Lesmana L.A., Li M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Luksic B., Mahomed A., Maimets M., Makara M., Malu A.O., Marinho R.T., Marotta P., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Moreno C., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Nde H., Njouom R., Nonkovic D., Norris S., Obekpa S., Oguche S., Olafsson S., Oltman M., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., Ovrehus A.L.H., Owusu-Ofori S., Oyunsuren T.S., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Peltekian K.M., Phillips R.O., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Prabdial-Sing N., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer D., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Ridruejo E., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Rosenberg W.M., Roudot-Thoraval F., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarmento-Castro R., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shevaldin A., Shiha G.E., Sievert W., Sonderup M., Souliotis K., Speiciene D., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stauber R.E., Stedman C., Struck D., Su T.-H., Sypsa V., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Thompson A.J., Tolmane I., Tomasiewicz K., Valantinas J., Van Damme P., Van Der Meer A.J., Van Thiel I., Van Vlierberghe H., Vince A., Vogel W., Wedemeyer H., Weis N., Wong V.W.S., Yaghi C., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yunihastuti E., Yusuf A., Zuckerman E., Razavi H., Polaris Observ HCV Collaborators, Negro, Francesco, and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
Viremia/epidemiology, Population ageing, medicine.medical_specialty, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Delphi Technique, Genotype, Voxilaprevir, Genotype, Global Health, Hepatitis C, Eradication, Modelling study, Medicina Clínica, ddc:616.07, Global Health, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, Epidemiology, Journal Article, medicine, Global health, Prevalence, Humans, Viremia, 030212 general & internal medicine, Disease Eradication, Disease burden, ddc:616, Hepatology, Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Hepatitis C, Glecaprevir, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Viremia/epidemiology/genetics, Pibrentasvir, Global Health/statistics & numerical data, HCV, HEPATITIS C, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Medicina Critica y de Emergencia, Human medicine, business, Chronic/epidemiology/genetics/prevention & control, Demography
Abstract

WOS: 000426979400014, PubMed ID: 28404132, Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of-and expansion on-the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64-103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1.0% (95% uncertainty interval 0.8-1.1) in 2015, corresponding to 71.1 million (62.5-79.4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections., John C Martin Foundation, John C Martin Foundation.

Published
2017
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