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2,381 results on '"Craig James"'

1. Hepatocyte-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 in sexual dimorphism and susceptibility to alcohol induced liver injury

Author

Mary Nancy Walter, Diego Montoya-Durango, Walter Rodriguez, Yali Wang, JingWen Zhang, Julia H. Chariker, Eric C. Rouchka, Claudio Maldonado, Anton Bennett, Craig James McClain, Shirish Barve, and Leila Gobejishvili

Subjects
MKP1, alcohol-associated liver disease, sexual dimorphism, inflammation, metabolism, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

BackgroundIt is well established that females are more susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol, although the exact mechanisms are still poorly understood. Previous studies noted that alcohol reduces the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1), a negative regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the liver. However, the role of hepatocyte- specific MKP1 in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remains uncharacterized. This study aimed to evaluate the role of hepatocyte-specific MKP1 in the susceptibility and sexual dimorphism in alcohol-induced liver injury.MethodsC57Bl/6 mice were used in an intragastric ethanol feeding model of alcohol-associated steatohepatitis (ASH). Hepatocyte-specific Mkp1-/- knockout and (Mkp1+/+ “f/f” male and female mice were subjected to the NIAAA chronic plus binge model. Primary mouse hepatocytes were used for in vitro studies. Liver RNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina NextSeq 500. Liver injury was evaluated by plasma alanine transaminase (ALT), hepatic ER stress and inflammation markers. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA and the unpaired Student’s t-test.ResultsASH was associated with the severe injury accompanied by increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and significant downregulation of Dusp1 mRNA expression. In vitro, ethanol treatment resulted in a time-dependent decrease in Dusp1 mRNA and protein expression in primary hepatocytes in both males and females; however, this effect was significantly more pronounced in hepatocytes from females. In vivo, female mice developed more liver injury in a chronic plus binge model which was accompanied by a significant decrease in liver Dusp1 mRNA expression. In comparison, liver Dusp1 was not changed in male mice, while they developed milder injury to alcohol. Mkp1 deletion in hepatocytes led to increased alcohol induced liver injury, ER stress and inflammation in both sexes.ConclusionHepatocyte Mkp1 plays a significant role in alcohol induced liver injury. Alcohol downregulates Mkp1 expression in hepatocytes in a sex dependent manner and could play a role in sexual dimorphism in increased female susceptibility to alcohol.

Published
2024
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5. Safety and Efficacy of Topical Chitogel- Deferiprone-Gallium Protoporphyrin in Sheep Model

Author

Mian L. Ooi, Katharina Richter, Amanda J. Drilling, Nicky Thomas, Clive A. Prestidge, Craig James, Stephen Moratti, Sarah Vreugde, Alkis J. Psaltis, and Peter-John Wormald

Subjects
chronic rhinosinusitis, Staphylococcus aureus, biofilm, Chitogel, Deferiprone, Gallium Protoporphyrin, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Objectives: Increasing antimicrobial resistance has presented new challenges to the treatment of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis fuelling a continuous search for novel antibiofilm agents. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of Chitogel (Chitogel®, Wellington New Zealand) combined with novel antibiofilm agents Deferiprone and Gallium Protoporphyrin (CG-DG) as a topical treatment against S. aureus biofilms in vivo.Methods: To assess safety, 8 sheep were divided into two groups of 7 day treatments (n = 8 sinuses per treatment); (1) Chitogel (CG) with twice daily saline flush, and (2) CG-DG gel with twice daily saline flush. Tissue morphology was analyzed using histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To assess efficacy we used a S. aureus sheep sinusitis model. Fifteen sheep were divided into three groups of 7 day treatments (n = 10 sinuses per treatment); (1) twice daily saline flush (NT), (2) Chitogel (CG) with twice daily saline flush, and (3) CG-DG gel with twice daily saline flush. Biofilm biomass across all groups was compared using LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain and confocal scanning laser microscopy.Results: Safety study showed no cilia denudation on scanning electron microscopy and no change in sinus mucosa histopathology when comparing CG-DG to CG treated sheep. COMSTAT2 assessment of biofilm biomass showed a significant reduction in CG-DG treated sheep compared to NT controls.Conclusion: Results indicate that CG-DG is safe and effective against S. aureus biofilms in a sheep sinusitis model and could represent a viable treatment option in the clinical setting.

Published
2018
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6. Empirically derived guidance for social scientists to influence environmental policy.

Author

Nadine Marshall, Neil Adger, Simon Attwood, Katrina Brown, Charles Crissman, Christopher Cvitanovic, Cassandra De Young, Margaret Gooch, Craig James, Sabine Jessen, Dave Johnson, Paul Marshall, Sarah Park, Dave Wachenfeld, and Damian Wrigley

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Failure to stem trends of ecological disruption and associated loss of ecosystem services worldwide is partly due to the inadequate integration of the human dimension into environmental decision-making. Decision-makers need knowledge of the human dimension of resource systems and of the social consequences of decision-making if environmental management is to be effective and adaptive. Social scientists have a central role to play, but little guidance exists to help them influence decision-making processes. We distil 348 years of cumulative experience shared by 31 environmental experts across three continents into advice for social scientists seeking to increase their influence in the environmental policy arena. Results focus on the importance of process, engagement, empathy and acumen and reveal the importance of understanding and actively participating in policy processes through co-producing knowledge and building trust. The insights gained during this research might empower a science-driven cultural change in science-policy relations for the routine integration of the human dimension in environmental decision making; ultimately for an improved outlook for earth's ecosystems and the billions of people that depend on them.

Published
2017
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7. Network-Related Teaching and Changes in Classroom Seating

Author

Steggerda, Jake C., Gregus, Samantha J., Craig, James T., McMillan, Hali, and Cavell, Timothy A.

Abstract

The extent to which teachers make changes in classroom seating reflects, in part, the degree to which they value promoting positive peer relationships in the classroom. We assessed the frequency with which teachers made both minor (i.e., involving only 2-3 students) and major (involving half or more students in the class) changes in classroom seating. We tested whether the frequency of seating changes was linked to teachers' beliefs about promoting positive peer relationships, their attunement to child- or peer-reports of peer victimization, and their concern about bullying at the school. Participants were 37 fourth-grade teachers and their students (N = 677). The frequency of major seating changes was negatively associated with teachers' peer-focused classroom seating (PFCS) beliefs and to their attunement to student peer victimization. Minor seating changes were positively associated with PFCS beliefs for teachers with low or average attunement to peer victimization; however, teachers highly attuned to peer victimization made fewer minor seating changes regardless of their PFCS beliefs. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Published
2023
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11. RavenR v2.1.4: an open-source R package to support flexible hydrologic modelling

Author

Chlumsky, Robert, Craig, James R, Lin, Simon GM, Grass, Sarah, Scantlebury, Leland, Brown, Genevieve, and Arabzadeh, Rezgar

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Earth sciences
Abstract

In recent decades, advances in the flexibility and complexity of hydrologic models have enhanced their utility in scientific studies and practice alike. However, the increasing complexity of these tools leads to a number of challenges, including steep learning curves for new users and issues regarding the reproducibility of modelling studies. Here, we present the RavenR package, an R package that leverages the power of scripting to both enhance the usability of the Raven hydrologic modelling framework and provide complementary analyses that are useful for modellers. The RavenR package contains functions that may be useful in each step of the model-building process, particularly for preparing input files and analyzing model outputs. The utility of the RavenR package is demonstrated with the presentation of six use cases for a model of the Liard River basin in Canada. These use cases provide examples of visually reviewing the model configuration, preparing input files for observation and forcing data, simplifying the model discretization, performing realism checks on the model output, and evaluating the performance of the model. All of the use cases are fully reproducible, with additional reproducible examples of RavenR functions included with the package distribution itself. It is anticipated that the RavenR package will continue to evolve with the Raven project and will provide a useful tool to new and experienced users of Raven alike.

Published
2022

12. Critical applications of KOCOA in Western Europe, c.26 BC-1745 AD

Author

Brown, Craig James, Ralston, Ian, and Romankiewicz, Tanja

Subjects
Conflict Archaeology, KOCOA, battlefield archaeology, archaeological terrain analysis, battle of Prestonpans, battle of Monte Bernorio, KOCOA assessment
Abstract

In the thirty years since Conflict Archaeology has evolved as a discipline, it has grown exponentially in scope. In order to define a methodological and conceptual framework for the discipline, conflict archaeologists in North America have adopted standard military analytical procedures and terminology. KOCOA (or OAKOC) is the standard military terrain analysis that conflict archaeologists use to aid in defining battlefield boundaries and interpreting battlefield remains. KOCOA is a military acronym that stands for Key or Decisive Terrain; Observation and Fields of Fire; Cover and Concealment; Obstacles; and Avenues of Approach and Withdrawal. The KOCOA approach has been utilized with success within the United States on a number of Revolutionary War, Civil War, and American Frontier Wars battlefields. The National Park Service (NPS) requires the application of KOCOA in evaluating the preservation potential of historic battlefields as part of the American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP). Conflict Archaeologists have utilized KOCOA without appreciating its full potential or limitations. To date, KOCOA has mostly been applied to terrestrial battlefields that are at least partially preserved or otherwise historically documented. The majority of these projects were conducted under the auspices of the ABPP: the primary interest being the location and evaluation of defining battlefield features. Few attempts have been made to employ KOCOA in an academic setting in order to assess the influence of terrain on the conduct of battles, on command decisions made, or as a tool in the interpretation of archaeological assemblages for the purpose of reconstructing battles that are devoid of direct historical documentation. If KOCOA is to develop as part of the methodological and conceptual framework of Conflict Archaeology, then it needs to be applicable in wider chronological and geographical contexts. This thesis critically evaluates the applicability of KOCOA through answering a varied series of questions across a set of temporally and categorically different Western European sites. In the well documented, early modern Battle of Prestonpans (1745), KOCOA is used to rationalize how the terrain influenced where the actual engagement took place. KOCOA is then utilized to posit the location of the English siege lines and artillery fortifications from the Siege of Edinburgh Castle (1573) that have been subsumed by the urbanization of Edinburgh city center. The Second Scottish War of Independence battlefield at Halidon Hill (1333) is well known, but the battle itself is only documented in secondary chronicles, some written many years after the battle. A KOCOA analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the chronicles, as well as to show how the English selection of the terrain served as a critical factor in the Scottish defeat. The location of sparsely documented Battle of Dún Nechtain (685) has generated fierce debate among scholars. A KOCOA analysis was undertaken to evaluate the terrain of Dunnichen and Dunachton and demonstrate which may have been the site of the battle. The Roman conquest of the Cantabrian oppidum at Monte Bernorio (c. 26 BC) is not documented in classical sources. Ongoing archaeological excavations at Monte Bernorio have recovered an artifact assemblage that was interpreted through a KOCOA analysis in order to reconstruct the course of the battle. The KOCOA method itself is critically evaluated as an analytical tool based upon the case studies, and it shows that when informed by other components of METT-T, KOCOA is applicable in wide range of chronologically and categorically different sites, both directly documented and undocumented.

Published
2021
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13. Efficient algorithms for MAC layer duty cycling and frame delivery in wireless sensor network

Author

Thomson, Craig James and Al-Dubai, Ahmed

Abstract

In Wireless Sensor Networks, with small, limited capacity devices now more prevalent, the issue of Neighbour Discovery has shifted. These devices utilise duty cycling methods in order to conserve battery power. Hence, the main issue is now that these devices may be awake at the same time in order to discover each other. When mobility increases complexity further. Rather than attempt to negate the issue of mobility, instead this thesis seeks to utilise a predictable sink mobility pattern in order to influence the duty cycling of static nodes. Literature demonstrates a move towards Mobility Awareness in Neighbour Discovery in mobile Wireless Sensor Networks. However, there is a gap identified with sink mobility in use. Therefore, this thesis aims to establish to what extent the mobility pattern of a Mobile Sink Node in a Wireless Sensor Network may be exploited at the MAC layer, to influence the performance of static nodes. Such that network efficiency may be improved with energy consumption reduced and balanced across nodes. This study proposes three novel lightweight algorithms, with processing which does not add to the energy consumption within sensor nodes, these being Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL), Mobility Aware Duty Cycling and Dynamic Preambling Algorithm (MADCaDPAL) and Dynamic Mobility and Energy Aware Algorithm (DMEAAL). These located in the MAC layer of static nodes and utilising knowledge of predictable sink node mobility. This is in order to create a dynamic communication threshold between static nodes on the sink path and the sink itself. Subsequently lessening competition for sink communication between nodes. In MADCAL this threshold is used to influence the sleep function in order that static nodes only awake and move to Clear Channel Assessment once the sink is within their threshold, improving energy consumption by up to 15%. The MADCaDPAL algorithm takes this approach further, using the threshold to directly influence Clear Channel Assessment and the sending of preambles, as such, closing off the threshold when the sink leaves it. This shows energy consumption lessening by close to 80% with a significant improvement in frame delivery to the sink. Finally, the DMEAAL algorithm utilises previous results to influence energy consumption in real-time by utilising a cross-layer approach, comparing current consumption to optimal target energy consumption and adjusting the threshold for each static node accordingly. This shows benefit in evening out results across nodes, thus improving network lifetime. All algorithms are achieved without the energy-consuming beacon messaging associated with Neighbour Discovery. Analysis and simulation results, tested on a lightweight implementation of a carrier-sense multiple-access-based MAC protocol, show a significant improvement in energy consumption and frame delivery in both controlled and random environments. In utilising a cross-layer approach to access energy consumption in static nodes, is it also shown to be possible to even out energy consumption across nodes by altering the communication threshold in real-time. As such, improving network lifetime by removing spikes in energy consumption in individual nodes.

Published
2021
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19. Supporting the implementation of restorative approaches within schools

Author

Hay, Craig James

Subjects
370.15
Abstract

According to the Department for Education national statistics the overall trend in permanent and fixed-term exclusions has increased in recent years. Persistent and disruptive behaviour has consistently been the single most common reason, accounting for more than double the next common reason (Other), and almost triple the third (physical assault against a pupil). The prevalence of mental health concerns for children and young people has also increased in recent years. Restorative Justice has been applied within education over the past couple of decades, which evidence suggests can result in measurable reductions in exclusions, ultimately promoting an inclusive and positive learning environment. Following a number of national pilot studies and reviews in recent years Restorative Approaches (RA) have gathered momentum within UK educational settings and is one emerging response to the rise in challenging behaviour, exclusions and social, emotional and mental health concerns. Despite this growth there is a general lack of research within this field. Implementation of school wide approaches can be tricky in the complex organisational context of schools. Therefore, this review seeks to explore what significant factors may promote successful implementation of RA. Chapter 1 The first chapter of this thesis takes on the form of a systematic literature review. A qualitative approach was taken to explore the facilitating factors to the implementation of RA within the school context. A meta-ethnography was conducted in order to synthesise the findings from five papers. Eight themes were identified: values & philosophy, aims, school management, ownership, resources, policy & pedagogy, staff development and readiness. Implications of this literature review include: the call for critical development and review of school policy, the need for further research particularly within the secondary sector, research around what can be done to further encourage the involvement of school staff, pupils, parents and other members of the school community in the implementation and maintenance of RA in schools. Chapter 2 The second chapter is a bridging document which describes the journey from the systematic literature review (chapter 1) to the empirical research (chapter 3). Within this, the focus of my empirical research and how this evolved will be discussed, reflecting upon the decisions made throughout the research process. Consideration is also given to how my own research philosophy impacted upon elements of the empirical research. Chapter 3 The final chapter presents empirical research involving 15 pastoral staff members in a secondary school adopting a collaborative action research approach and uses a person-centred tool (an adopted PATH) to support the implementation of RA within their school. The research seeks to explore how the role of Educational Psychologists might support the implementation of RA within a secondary school setting. Thematic analysis of the resulting visual graphic, audio transcriptions and researcher notes identified three overarching themes (keeping the momentum going, pedagogy and engagement) and four driving values (mutual respect, honesty, autonomy and competence). The findings also provide support for the use of personcentred planning as a means for supporting organisational change, specifically an adapted PATH. The findings are then discussed in relation to four areas of psychology: Andragogy, Challenge, Dialogue and Self Determination Theory (SDT). The discussion highlights possible aspects of EP practice which may further support the implementation of RA within schools. It considers the use of a person-centred approach as a tool to assist organisational change by critically evaluating data gathered through reflective journals. In conclusion, implications for how EPs may support the implementation of RA within schools are discussed.

Published
2019

27. Advancement of a Blended Hydrologic Model for Robust Model Performance.

Author

Chlumsky, Robert, Mai, Juliane, Craig, James R., and Tolson, Bryan A.

Subjects
HYDROLOGIC models, REVISION (Writing process), PARAMETER estimation, FLEXIBLE structures, GROUP process
Abstract

A blended model structure has emerged as an alternative to the traditional representation of model structure in a hydrologic model, in which multiple algorithmic choices are used to represent some hydrologic process within a model, and are combined within a single model run using a weighted average of process fluxes. This approach has been shown to improve overall model performance, as well as provide an efficient way to test multiple model structures. We propose that a blended model may also be at least a partial solution to the calls for a more robust Community Hydrologic Model, which can mitigate the need for developing new hydrologic models for each catchment and application. We develop an updated version of the blended model configuration that defines the suite of all possible hydrologic process options in the blended model. Configuration development was guided by model performance for more than 30 different discrete model configurations across 12 Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) catchments. Improvements to the blended model include the introduction of blended potential melt and potential evapotranspiration as new process groups, inclusion of nonblended structural changes, and a revision of the process options within each existing group. This leads to a very high-performing model with a mean calibration Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) score of 0.90 and mean validation KGE score of 0.80 across all 12 MOPEX catchments, a substantial improvement in model performance relative to the initial version. We tested for overfitting of models and found little statistical evidence that increasing the complexity of blended models reduces validation performance. We then selected the preferred model configuration as Version 2 of the blended model and tested it with 24 independent catchments against the original configuration. This test showed a statistically significant improvement or statistically similar performance in 22 of the 24 catchments in calibration and 21 of the 24 catchments in validation. The results also suggested a greater improvement in drier catchments. Version 2 of the blended model is robust across a range of catchments without the need for adjusting its flexible model structure and may be useful in future hydrology studies and applications alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Liked by Peers or Liked by Teachers: Differential Patterns of Bullying over Time

Author

Mapes, Ayla R., Scafe, Meredith, Mutignani, Lauren M., Hernandez Rodriguez, Juventino, Pastrana, Freddie A., Gregus, Samantha, Craig, James T., and Cavell, Timothy A.

Abstract

We examined the tendency for high status children to bully their classmates. Children liked by peers only (LPO), liked by teachers only (LTO), liked by both (Both), liked by neither (Neither), and children with average peer and teacher liking (Average) were compared on self-, teacher-, and peer-reported bullying. Participants were 676 fourth-grade children (50.7% girls). Children in the Neither group evinced the highest level of bullying, which increased significantly from fall to spring. We found little evidence that children in the Both group differed from other groups or that their bullying increased over time. Self-reported physical bullying increased for boys in the LPO and Average groups and for girls in the LTO and Neither groups. Gender-specific findings have implications for researchers and practitioners.

Published
2020
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30. Network reconstruction and systems analysis of plant cell wall deconstruction by Neurospora crassa

Author

Samal, Areejit, Craig, James P, Coradetti, Samuel T, Benz, J Philipp, Eddy, James A, Price, Nathan D, and Glass, N Louise

Subjects
Biotechnology, Genetics, Biofuels, Systems biology, Neurospora crassa, Network reconstruction, Plant cell wall degradation network, Transcriptional regulatory networks, CLR-2, Mannan
Abstract

BackgroundPlant biomass degradation by fungal-derived enzymes is rapidly expanding in economic importance as a clean and efficient source for biofuels. The ability to rationally engineer filamentous fungi would facilitate biotechnological applications for degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. However, incomplete knowledge of biomolecular networks responsible for plant cell wall deconstruction impedes experimental efforts in this direction.ResultsTo expand this knowledge base, a detailed network of reactions important for deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides into simple sugars was constructed for the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. To reconstruct this network, information was integrated from five heterogeneous data types: functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, genetics, and biochemical characterizations. The combined information was encapsulated into a feature matrix and the evidence weighted to assign annotation confidence scores for each gene within the network. Comparative analyses of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data shed light on the regulation of the plant cell wall degradation network, leading to a novel hypothesis for degradation of the hemicellulose mannan. The transcription factor CLR-2 was subsequently experimentally shown to play a key role in the mannan degradation pathway of N. crassa.ConclusionsHere we built a network that serves as a scaffold for integration of diverse experimental datasets. This approach led to the elucidation of regulatory design principles for plant cell wall deconstruction by filamentous fungi and a novel function for the transcription factor CLR-2. This expanding network will aid in efforts to rationally engineer industrially relevant hyper-production strains.

Published
2017

31. Hepatocyte-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 in sexual dimorphism and susceptibility to alcohol induced liver injury

Author

Walter, Mary Nancy, primary, Montoya-Durango, Diego, additional, Rodriguez, Walter, additional, Wang, Yali, additional, Zhang, JingWen, additional, Chariker, Julia H., additional, Rouchka, Eric C., additional, Maldonado, Claudio, additional, Bennett, Anton, additional, McClain, Craig James, additional, Barve, Shirish, additional, and Gobejishvili, Leila, additional

Published
2024
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32. Identifying Children Repeatedly Victimized by Peers: A Preliminary Study

Author

Pastrana, Freddie A., Craig, James T., Gregus, Samantha J., Hernandez Rodriguez, Juventino, Bridges, Ana J., and Cavell, Timothy A.

Abstract

Repeated victims of school bullying are at risk for maladjustment and could potentially benefit from selective intervention. However, selective intervention requires a practical method for accurately identifying members of the targeted group. We examined the extent to which the global victimization item from the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire accurately identified children repeatedly victimized by peers. From a sample of 654 fourth-graders, we categorized 63 (9.7%) as repeated victims based on elevated reports of victimization from the same informant (self, teacher, peer) across two time points within an academic year. Logistic regression and ROC curve analyses examined the predictive utility of the recommended global item cutoff and more stringent cutoffs. Results indicated that the global victimization item offered limited utility as a means of identifying children categorized as repeated victims. We discuss possible reasons for the findings and potential implications for future research and practice.

Published
2019
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33. Major Decisions: Using a PhotoVoice Study to Aid Students in Deciding on an Area of Study and/or Career

Author

Dunn, Craig James

Abstract

This dissertation sought to use PhotoVoice, an arts-based research method, as a way for pre-college and college students to decide on an area of study and career path. This study called upon the aid of student-participants to carry out the research and academic professionals to help in examining the research. Using a framework set in Strength Based Advising, students were asked to explore three guided subjects to identify their personal interest, their current study interests, and work/work environment interests through photography. Using the three guided subjects, students were asked to make connections between their pictures and examine possible careers and college majors congruent with their personal interests. To examine the data, students were asked about their experience taking part in the PhotoVoice study, how they found success, and if the study helped cultivate new views or reinforce their old views. After the study concluded with the student-participants, I examined the data alongside four academic professionals to discuss how viable the PhotoVoice study can be as a tool for advising. Additionally, I examine my growth as a researcher through this dissertation process. As a novice researcher, it was important for me take a reflexive look at how I carried out the research and how my understanding of social justice and positionality as a white male grew during this process. Though the use of the PhotoVoice study, several students were able to decide on an area of study and career path while others found the study useful in organizing their interests but were unable to make a declaration. The academic professionals found that the PhotoVoice study could be useful as a primary component to a class and as pre-advising tool. However, due to the large amount of time needed to conduct the PhotoVoice study, the academic professionals felt the scalability of the study would be difficult to administer in a standard advising setting. I conclude the study with future considerations for the PhotoVoice study and where the student-participants were in terms of their decisions at the conclusion of the research. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2019

37. Deletion of homologs of the SREBP pathway results in hyper-production of cellulases in Neurospora crassa and Trichoderma reesei

Author

Reilly, Morgann C, Qin, Lina, Craig, James P, Starr, Trevor L, and Glass, N Louise

Subjects
Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurospora crassa, Secretion, Cellulase, Cellulose, Trichoderma reesei, Lignocellulose, SREBP, Dsc E3 ligase
Abstract

BackgroundThe filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa efficiently utilizes plant biomass and is a model organism for genetic, molecular and cellular biology studies. Here, a set of 567 single-gene deletion strains was assessed for cellulolytic activity as compared to the wild-type parental strain. Mutant strains included were those carrying a deletion in: (1) genes encoding proteins homologous to those implicated in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretion apparatus; (2) genes that are homologous to those known to differ between the Trichoderma reesei hyper-secreting strain RUT-C30 and its ancestral wild-type strain; (3) genes encoding proteins identified in the secretome of N. crassa when cultured on plant biomass and (4) genes encoding proteins predicted to traverse the secretory pathway.ResultsThe 567 single-gene deletion collection was cultured on crystalline cellulose and a comparison of levels of secreted protein and cellulase activity relative to the wild-type strain resulted in the identification of seven hyper-production and 18 hypo-production strains. Some of these deleted genes encoded proteins that are likely to act in transcription, protein synthesis and intracellular trafficking, but many encoded fungal-specific proteins of undetermined function. Characterization of several mutants peripherally linked to protein processing or secretion showed that the hyper- or hypo-production phenotypes were primarily a response to cellulose. The altered secretome of these strains was not limited to the production of cellulolytic enzymes, yet was part of the cellulosic response driven by the cellulase transcription factor CLR-2. Mutants implicated the loss of the SREBP pathway, which has been found to regulate ergosterol biosynthesis genes in response to hypoxic conditions, resulted in a hyper-production phenotype. Deletion of two SREBP pathway components in T. reesei also conferred a hyper-production phenotype under cellulolytic conditions.ConclusionsThese studies demonstrate the utility of screening the publicly available N. crassa single-gene deletion strain collection for a particular phenotype. Mutants in a predicted E3 ligase and its target SREBP transcription factor played an unanticipated role in protein production under cellulolytic conditions. Furthermore, phenotypes similar to those observed in N. crassa were seen following the targeted deletion of orthologous SREBP pathway loci in T. reesei, a fungal species commonly used in industrial enzyme production.

Published
2015

39. Direct Target Network of the Neurospora crassa Plant Cell Wall Deconstruction Regulators CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1

Author

Craig, James P, Coradetti, Samuel T, Starr, Trevor L, and Glass, N Louise

Subjects
Genetics, Amino Acid Motifs, Binding Sites, Carbohydrates, Cellulases, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Cytosol, DNA, Protozoan, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene Regulatory Networks, Neurospora crassa, Plant Cells, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Protein Binding, Protozoan Proteins, Regulon, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Microbiology
Abstract

UnlabelledFungal deconstruction of the plant cell requires a complex orchestration of a wide array of intracellular and extracellular enzymes. In Neurospora crassa, CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1 have been identified as key transcription factors regulating plant cell wall degradation in response to soluble sugars. The XLR-1 regulon was defined using a constitutively active mutant allele, resulting in hemicellulase gene expression and secretion under noninducing conditions. To define genes directly regulated by CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (ChIPseq) on epitope-tagged constructs of these three transcription factors. When N. crassa is exposed to plant cell wall material, CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1 individually bind to the promoters of the most strongly induced genes in their respective regulons. These include promoters of genes encoding cellulases for CLR-1 and CLR-2 (CLR-1/CLR-2) and promoters of genes encoding hemicellulases for XLR-1. CLR-1 bound to its regulon under noninducing conditions; however, this binding alone did not translate into gene expression and enzyme secretion. Motif analysis of the bound genes revealed conserved DNA binding motifs, with the CLR-2 motif matching that of its closest paralog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gal4p. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that CLR-1 and CLR-2 act in a homocomplex but not as a CLR-1/CLR-2 heterocomplex.ImportanceUnderstanding fungal regulation of complex plant cell wall deconstruction pathways in response to multiple environmental signals via interconnected transcriptional circuits provides insight into fungus/plant interactions and eukaryotic nutrient sensing. Coordinated optimization of these regulatory networks is likely required for optimal microbial enzyme production.

Published
2015

40. High-grade renal injuries are often isolated in sports-related trauma

Author

Patel, Darshan P, Redshaw, Jeffrey D, Breyer, Benjamin N, Smith, Thomas G, Erickson, Bradley A, Majercik, Sarah D, Gaither, Thomas W, Craig, James R, Gardner, Scott, Presson, Angela P, Zhang, Chong, Hotaling, James M, Brant, William O, and Myers, Jeremy B

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Kidney Disease, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Cardiovascular, Pediatric, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.4 Surgery, Injuries and accidents, Good Health and Well Being, Abbreviated Injury Scale, Adult, Athletic Injuries, Female, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Kidney, Male, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Trauma Centers, United States, Wounds, Nonpenetrating, Wounds, Non-penetrating, Abdominal injuries, Sports, Snow sports, Nursing, Public Health and Health Services, Orthopedics, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Clinical sciences, Dentistry, Health sciences
Abstract

IntroductionMost high-grade renal injuries (American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grades III-V) result from motor vehicle collisions associated with numerous concomitant injuries. Sports-related blunt renal injury tends to have a different mechanism, a solitary blow to the flank. We hypothesized that high-grade renal injury is often isolated in sports-related renal trauma.Material and methodsWe identified patients with AAST grades III-V blunt renal injuries from four level 1 trauma centres across the United States between 1/2005 and 1/2014. Patients were divided into "Sport" or "Non-sport" related groups. Outcomes included rates of hypotension (systolic blood pressure 110bpm), concomitant abdominal injury, and procedural/surgical intervention between sports and non-sports related injury.Results320 patients met study criteria. 18% (59) were sports-related injuries with the most common mechanisms being skiing, snowboarding and contact sports (25%, 25%, and 24%, respectively). Median age was 24 years for sports and 30 years for non-sports related renal injuries (p=0.049). Males were more commonly involved in sports related injuries (85% vs. 72%, p=0.011). Median injury severity score was lower for sports related injuries (10 vs. 27, p

Published
2015

41. Postoperative critical care and high-acuity care provision in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand

Author

Grocott, Mike P.W., Sneyd, Robert, Batchelor, Anna, Brett, Stephen, Plowright, Catherine, Shrestha, Suman, Shawyer, Richard, Ahmed, Shafi, Khondoker, Mizan, Nathanson, Mike, Sathe, Sonia, Rawat, Shilpa, Range, Christine, Moloney, Dermot, Hee, Wendy Lum, Tozer, James, Hamlyn, Vincent, MacGregor, Mark, Qadri, Shabir, Chaurasia, Sunil kumar, Torrance, Hew, Raj, Ashok, Ross-Anderson, Davina, Anwar, Sibtain, Armanious, Samuel, Knowlden, Peter, McCourt, Killian, Pugh, Richard, Clements, Stephan, Littler, Christopher, Whapples, Annabelle, Cupitt, Jason, Balasubramaniam, Madhushankar, Spencer, Robert, White, Stuart, Drake, Jeremy, Ramhewa, Tendai, Hill, Stephen, Patil, Vishal, Goodwin, Naomi, Bansal, Sujesh, Greenwood, Nick, Sutton, Rebecca, Hanison, James, Same, Melinda, Matson, Alexandra, Spittle, Nick, Slorach, Marc, McLoughlin, Liam, Wilson, Lawrence, Melsom, Helen, Rafi, M. Amir, Limb, James, Saibaba, Ravishankar Jakkala, Lynch, Ceri, Pemberton, Omar, Sange, Mansoor, Rogerson, David, Dobson, Richard, Chambers, Jonathan, Bramall, Jon, Gorman, Andrew, Joanna, Moore, Kapoor, Ritoo, Natarajan, Nagendra, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Marshall, Philippa, Thorning, Geoff, Csabi, Peter, Woods, Justin, Ritzema, Jenny, Orme, Robert, Koh, Sock Huang, Gary, Baigel, Zucco, Liana, Bromhead, Helen, Partridge, Richard, Kant, Abhinav, Yeung, Joyce, Ignatov, Dancho, Talati, Chiraag, Gratrix, Andrew, Ghosh, Subhamay, Ignatova, Zhana, Gill, Stuart, Agarwal, Sunita, Nagaratnam, Vidhya, Kirby, Susan, Bell, Stephanie, Debreceni, Gabor, Bothma, Pieter, Jakkampudi, Satyanarayana, Botfield, Claire, Kok, Waisun, Maharaj, Ritesh, Puranik, Sarang, Laha, Shondipon, Whiteley, Simon, Shephard, Buzz, Agarwal, Manju, McNamara, Helen, Fitzgerald, Thomas, Zaidi, Suhail, Blackie, Philip, Mukherjee, Kirtida, Price, Nicolas, Pennington, James, Varma, Sandeep, Stewart, Richard, O'Brien, Peter, Mitchell, Joellene, Aldridge, Jonathan, Edwards, Vivien, Hunter, Catherine, Allen, Laurin, Service, Jennifer, Pettigrew, Tom, Campbell, Robert, Varveris, Daphne, Young, Simon, Harten, Johann, Brett, Michael, Howes, Jacqueline, Robinson, David, Chapman, Roddy, Rattray, Austin, Razouk, Khaled, McLellan, Stuart, Alston, Robin, Geddes, Murray, Schraag, Stefan, Cooper, Paul, Barr, Catriona, Sim, Stephanie, Hilton-Christie, Sharon, Reavley, Caroline, Jenkins, Kathryn, Smith, Tim, Graham, Fiona, Ezihe-Ejiofor, J.A., Pritchard, David, Williams, Lynne, Kakodkar, Prashant, Henry, Garry, Nutt, Christopher, Wright, Geoff, Mitra, Atideb, Garg, Sanjeev, Taylor, Adrian, Moppett, Iain, Clark, Sam, Ford, Eleanor, Bond-Smith, Giles, Siviter, Richard, Webb, Stephen, Humphreys, Joanne, Brammar, Andrew, Weisz, Michael, Minto, Gary, Girgis, Michael, Bain, James, Giles, Julian, John, John, Dill-Russell, Patrick, Fogg, Katheryn, Berry, Julian, Matthews, Cathryn, Hooker, Nicolas, Kidel, Carlos, Jha, Rajeev, Williams, Colin, Gunning, Malcolm, Dickinson, Matthew, Cook, Tim, Bailey, Kate, Williams, Simon, Rambhatla, Mrutyunjaya Rao, Kannan, Santhana, Wrench, Ian, Jones, Paul, Wright, Jane, Foley, Paul, Henning, Jeremy, Frey, Christian, White, Emert, Goddard, Chris, Shah, Nirav, Goel, Vandana, Thomas, Elizabeth, atyas Andorka, Kulkarni, Anand, Hine, Abigail, Nariani, Jaya, Sonksen, Julian, Papageorgiou, Con, Kotur, Karuna, Saunders, David, Hamilton, Kevin, Gent, Emma, Hormis, Anil, Craig, James, Juneja, Rohit, Siddaiah, Narendra, Claxton, Andrew, Hargreaves, Chris, Montgomery, Jane, Kakkar, Manish, Joachim, Suganthi, Orr, John, Ferguson, Catriona, Stewart, Adrienne, Tasker, Laura, Washington, Stephen, Al-Rawi, Samar, Wakatsuki, Mai, Wharton, Nicholas, Bradbury, Carol, Lau, Gary, McArthur, Carol, Markham, Rachel, Merron, Stephen, Shanbhag, Sumant, Jumani, Deepa, Charters, Seema, Page, Valerie, Gopal, Vijayakumar, Latif, Muhammad, Mcivor, Vinanti Cherian, Kennedy, Richard, Dana, Emily, Hosdurga, Gurunath, Singaravelu, Suresh, Persad, Cindy, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Clements, Paul, Troth, Laura, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Chandler, Ben, Jonathan T Wilson, R., Moss, Janette, Rowe, Paul, Kumar, Pallavi, Gillespie, David, Cheung, Winston, Dwyer, Laurie, Anderson, James R., Hicks, Chelsea, Bowden, Chris, Popham, Scott, Roberts, Helen, Diczbalis, Monica, Dawson, Rob, Wonders, Robert, Teisseyre, Dominik, Robinson, Andrew, Tan, Khong, Posselt, Bronwyn, Coventry, Lillian, Shan, David, Highton, David, Miller-Greenman, Tony, Kooner, Tehal, Guy, Louis, Spain, Brian, Naidoo, Vasheya, Hennessy, Brien, Scott, David A., Prassas, Georgina, Matthews, Joel, Kakos, Alan, Smith, Robert, Williams, Daryl L., Le, Nam, Jones, Andrew, Patel, Nikhil, Campbell, Doug, Lindsay, Helen, Wilson, Andrew M., Allen, Charles, van Oudenaaren, Sophie, Frankpitt, Alexandra, Ongley, Dick, Barneto, Lisa M., Garden, Alexander, Yam, Sai Tim, Welch, Mark, Freebairn, Ross, Bhattacharya, Dhir, Truong, Han, Kwan, Laura, Panckhurst, Jonathan, Henry, Jenny, Perrin, Samuel, Campbell, Kate, Singh, Vikramjit, Birioukov, Victor, Ireland, Claire, Shanmuganathan, Priya, Brown, Duncan, Gormack, Sophie, Jackson, Alison, Sharma, Swarna, Dale-Gandar, Julius, Wong, Danny Jon Nian, Wilson, Andrew Marshall, Lindsay, Helen A., Farmer, Laura, Wallace, Sophie, Campbell, Douglas, Myles, Paul S., Harris, Steve Kendrick, and Moonesinghe, Suneetha Ramani

Published
2019
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42. Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR): a multicentre, prospective observational study

Author

Abad Gurumeta, Alfredo, Abernethy, Caroline, Abigail, Patrick, Achaibar, Kira, Adam, Emily, Afshari, Arash, Agudelo Montoya, M. Elizabeth, Akgün, Fatma Nur, Aletti, Gabriele, Alkış, Neslihan, Allan, Katie, Allan, Ashley, Allaouchiche, Bernard, Allcock, Clare, Almasy, Emoke, Amey, Isobel, Amigoni, Maria, Andersen, Elin, Andersson, Peder, Anipchenko, Natalya, Antunes, Pedro, Armstrong, Earlene, Aslam, Tayyba Naz, Aslin, Bjorn, Assunção, José Pedro, Ausserer, Julia, Avvai, Mary, Awad, Nahla, Ayas Montero, Begoña, Ayuso, Mercedes, Azevedo, Patricia, Badarau, Victoria, Badescu, Roxana, Baiardo Redaelli, Martina, Baird, Colin, Baird, Yolanda, Baker, Tim, Balaji, Packianathaswamy, Bălan, Cristina, Balandin, Alina, Balescu-Arion, Carmen, Baliuliene, Vilda, Baltasar Isabel, Jorge, Baluch, Saif Nasr, Bandrabur, Daniela, Bankewitz, Carla, Barber, Katrina, Barbera, Francesco, Barcraft-Barnes, Helena, Barletti, Valentina, Barnett, Gill, Baron, Kirsty, Barros, Ana, Barsan, Victoria, Bartlett, Pauline, Batistaki, Chrysanthi, Baumgarten, Georg, Baytas, Volkan, Beauchamp, Nigel, Becerra Cayetano, Isabel A., Bell, Stephanie, Bellandi, Mattia, Belletti, Alessandro, Belmonte Cuenca, Julio, Benitez-Cano, Adela, Beretta, Luigi, Berger, Marc, Bergmann, Nicole, Bergmark, Kristina, Bermudez Lopez, Maria, Bernotaite, Monika, Beurskens, Charlotte, Bidd, Heena, Bifulco, Francesca, Bignami, Elena, Bilic, Aleksandar, Bilskiene, Diana, Bischoff, Petra, Bishop, Luke, Bjonness, Therese, Blaylock, Hether, Blethyn, Kate, Blincoe, Thomas, Blokhin, Ivan, Blunt, Nadia, Boer, Christa, Bois, Grégory, Bonicolini, Eleonora, Booth, Joanna, Borecka-Kedzierska, Miroslawa, Borstnar, Katarina, Borys, Michał, Boselli, Emmanuel, Bouvet, Lionel, Bouwman, Arthur, Bowen, Leonora, Bowrey, Sarah, Boxall, Leigh, Božić, Teodora, Bradley, Tom, Branco, Teresa, Brazzi, Luca, Brazzoni, Marcella, Brear, Tracy, Brogly, Nicolas, Brohi, Farooq, Broms, Jacob, Bubliauskas, Andrius, Bucolo, Gea Erika, Buerkle, Hartmut, Buggy, Donal, Buhre, Wolfgang, Bukauskas, Tomas, Butturini, Francesco, Byttner, Anders, Cabrera Díaz, Itahísa, Calderon, Adriana, Calhau, Ricardo, Callejo, Angel, Cammu, Guy, Campesato, Manuela, Can, Özlem S, Candeias, Margarida, Cantor, Andreea, Carise, Elsa, Carmona, Cristina, Carreteiro, Joana, Carrieri, Cosima, Carter, Anna, Casal, Manuela, Casanova, Irene, Cascella, Marco, Casero, Luis M., Casiraghi, Guiseppina Maria, Castelo-Branco, Laila, Castro Arranz, Carlos, Cernea, Daniela Denisa, Cervantes, Jesoporiol, Chandler, Ben, Charnock, Robert, Chatzimicali, Aikaterini, Chinery, Elane, Chishti, Ahmed, Chondhury, Priyakam, Christie, Emily, Christodoudiles, George, Ciardo, Stefano, Cimpeanu, Luminata, Cindea, Iulia, Cinnella, Gilda, Clark, Sebastian, Clayton, Matthew, Cocu, Simona, Collyer, Thomas, Colvin, Carie, Cope, Sean, Copeta, Filomena, Copotoiu, Sanda-Maria, Correia de Barros, Filinto, Corso, Ruggero Massimo, Cortegiani, Andrea, Costa, Gabriela, Cowton, Amanda, Cox, Nicolas, Craig, James, Cricca, Valentina, Cronin, John, Cunha, Mariana, Cuomo, Arturo, Curley, Katherine, Czuczwar, Mirosław, Dabrowska, Domenika, Damster, Sabrine, Danguy des Déserts, Marc, Daniliuc, Aura, Danninger, Thomas, Darwish, Imad, Dascalu, Corina, Davies, Kirsty, Davies, Simon, De Boer, Hans, De Flaviis, Adelisa, De Selincourt, Gabrielle, Deana, Cristian, Debaene, Bertrand, Debreceni, Gabor, Dedhia, Jatin, Delgado Garcia, Isabel, Della Rocca, Giorgio, Delroy-Buelles, Llana, Desai, Tejal, Dhillon, Parveen, Di Giacinto, Ida, Di Mauro, Piero, Diaz Gomez, Tamara V., Dimitrovski, Aleksandar, Dinic, Vesna, Dîrzu, Dan-Sebastian, Divander, Mona Britt, Dolinar, Janez, Domingues, Susana, Doolan, James, Downes, Charlotte, Dragoescu, Nicoleta Alice, Droc, Gabriela, Dum, Elisabeth, Dumitrescu, Alexandra, Duncan, Louise, Dzurňáková, Paul, Eberl, Susanne, Edwards, Jayne, Edwards, Mark, Ekelund, Kim, Ekengren, Patrik, Elghouty, Eyad, Ellerkmann, Richard, Ellis, Helen, Elme, Andreas, Ernst, Thomas, Errando, Carlos Luis, Estenes, Simao, Ewaldsson, Callis, Farid, Nahla, Featherstone, James, Febres, Daniela, Fedorov, Sergey, Feggeler, Johanna, Feijten, Prisca, Fellmann, Tobias, Fernandez Candil, Juan, Fernandez Castineira, Ana, Fernández Castineira, Juan, Fernando, Aruna, Ferrando, Carlos, Ferreira, Leonia, Ferreira, Patrick, Feyling, Anders, Filipescu, Daniela, Fleischer, Andreas, Floris, Leda, Foerster, Urs, Fox, Benjamin, Franke, Uwe, Frasca, Denis, Frey, Christian, Frost, Victoria, Fullin, Giorgio, Fumagalli, Jacopo, Furneval, Julie, Fusari, Maurizio, Gallacher, Stuart, Galushka, Svetlana, Gambale, Giorgio, Gambino, Irene, Garcia-Perez, Maria Luisa, Garg, Sanjeev, Garlak, Justyna, Gavranovic, Zeljka, Gavrilov, Roman, Gaynor, Lames, Gecaj Gashi, Agreta, Georghiou, Maria, Gerjevic, Bozena, Gferer, Gudrun, Giarratano, Antonino, Gibson, Andy, Gievski, Vanja, Giles, Julian, Gillberg, Lars, Gilowska, Katarzyna, Gilsanz Rodriguez, Fernando, Gioia, Antonio, Giovannoni, Cecilia, Girotra, Vandana, Gkinas, Dimitrios, Gkiokas, George, Godoroja, Daniela, Goebel, Ulrich, Goel, Vandana, Gonzalez, Matilde, Goranovic, Tatjana, Gornik-Wlaszczuk, Ewa, Gosavi, Smita, Gottfridsson, peter, Gottschalk, André, Granell, Manuel, Granstrom, Anna, Grassetto, Alberto, Greenwood, Anna, Grigoras, Ioana, Grintescu, Ioana, Gritsan, Alexey, Gritsan, Galina, Grynyuk, Andriy, Guadagnin, Giovanni Maria, Guarnieri, Marcello, Güçlü, Çiğdem, Guerrero Diez, Maria, Gunenc, Ferim, Günther, Ulf, Gupta, Pawan, Guttenthaler, Vera, Hack, Yvonne, Hafisayena, Ade, Hagau, Natalia, Haldar, Jagannath, Hales, Dawn, Hancı, Volkan, Hanna-Jumma, Sameer, Harazim, Hana, Harlet, Pierre, Harper, Daniel, Harris, Benjamin, Harvey, Orla, Hashimi, Medita, Hawkins, Lesley, Hayes, Conrad, Heaton, James, Heier, Tom, Helliwell, Laurence, Hemmes, Sabrine, Henderson, Kate, Hermanides, Jeroen, Hermanns, Henning, Herrera Hueso, Berta, Hestenes, Siv, Hettiarachchi, Roshane, Highgate, Judith, Hodgson, Keith, Hoelbling, Daniel, Holland, Jonathan, Horhota, Lucian, Hormis, Anil, Hribar, Renata, Hua, Alina, Humphreys, Sally, Humphries, Ryan, Humpliková, Simona, Hunt, Janez, Husnain, Ali, Hussein, Ahmed, Hyams, Benjamin, Iannuccelli, Fabrizio, Ilette, Katie, Ilyas, Carl, Inan, Turgay, India, Immaculada, Ionițăv, Victor, Irwin, Foo, Jain, Vipul, Janez, Benedikt, Jankovic, Radmilo, Jenkins, Sarah, Jenko, Matej, Jimenez, Raquel, Jiménez Gomez, Bárbara, Joachim, Sugganthi, Joelsson-Alm, Eva, John, John, Jonikaite, Lina, Jovic, Miomir, Jungwirth, Bettina, Junke, Etienne, Kabakov, Borys, Kadaoui, Salah-Din, Kanski, Andrzej, Karadag, Süheyla, Karbonskiene, Aurika, Karjagin, Juri, Kasnik, Darja, Katanolli, Fatos, Katsika, Eleni, Kaufmann, Kai, Keane, Helen, Kelly, Martin, Kent, Melanie, Keraitiene, Grazina, Khudhur, Ahmed, Khuenl-Brady, Karin, Kidd, Laurie, King, Siobhan, Kirchgäßner, Katharina, Klancir, Tino, Klucniks, Andris, Knotzer, Johann, Knowlden, Peter, Koers, Lena, Kompan, Janez, Koneti, Kiran K, Kooij, Fabian, Koolen, Eric, Koopman - van Gemert, Anna Wilhelmina Margaretha Maria, Kopp, Kristen, Korfiotis, Dimitrios, Korolkov, Oleg, Kosinová, Martina, Köstenberger, Markus, Kotzinger, Oskar, Kovačević, Marko, Kranke, Peter, Kranke, Eva, Kraus, Christiane, Kraus, Stephanie, Kubitzek, Christiane, Kucharski, Rafal, Kucukguclu, Semih, Kudrashou, Allaksandr, Kumar, Vinayak, Kummen, Live, Kunit, Cornelia, Kushakovsky, Vlad, Kuvaki, Bahar, Kuzmanovska, Biljana, Kyttari, Aikaterina, Landoni, Giovanni, Lau, Gary, Lazarev, Konstantin, Legett, Samantha, Legrottaglie, Anna Maria, Leonardi, Silvia, Leong, Maria, Lercher, Helene, Leuvrey, Matthieu, Leva, Brigitte, Levstek, Meta, Limb, James, Lindholm, Espen, Linton, Fiona, Liperi, Corradero, Lipski, Fabian, Lirk, Philipp, Lisi, Alberto, Lišková, Katarina, Lluch Oltra, Aitana, Loganathan, Vinothan, Lombardi, Stefania, Lopez, Eloisa, Lopez Rodríguez, Maria, Lorenzini, Laura, Lowicka, Malgorzata, Lugovoy, Alexander, Luippold, Madeleine, Lumb, Andrew, Macas, Andrius, Macgregor, Mark, Machado, Humberto, Maciariello, Maria, Madeira, Isabel, Maitan, Stefan, Majewski, Jacek, Maldini, Branka, Malewski, Georgia, Manfredini, Livia, Männer, Olja, Marchand, Bahareh, Marcu, Alexandra, Margalef, Jordi, Margarson, Michael, Marinheiro, Lucia, Markic, Ana, Markovic Bozic, Jasmina, Marrazzo, Francesco, Martin, Jane, Martin Ayuso, Maria, Martinez, Esteher, Martino, Enrico Antonio, Martinson, Victoria, Marusic-Gaser, Katarina, Mascarenhas, Catia, Mathis, Cindy, Matsota, Paraskevi, Mavrommati, Eleni, Mazul Sunko, Branka, McCourt, Killian, McGill, Neil, McKee, Raymond, Meço, Başak Ceyda, Meier, Sonja, Melbourne, Susan, Melbybråthen, Grethe, Meli, Andrea, Melia, Aiden, Melotti, Rita Maria, Menga, Maria Rosaria, Mercer, Pauline, Merotra, Susan, Mescolini, Silvia, Metterlein, Thomas, Michalov, Martin, Michlig, Sam, Midgley, Susan, Milić, Morena, Milojevic, Milan, Miñana, Amanda, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Lucia, Mirea, Liliana, Mittelstädt, Ludger, Moeglen, Aude, Moise, Alida, Mokini, Zhirajr, Molin, Anna, Moltó, Luis, Monea, Maria Concetta, Montalto, Francesca, Montgomery, Jane, Montgomery, Claire, Montillo, Gerardo, Moore, Sally, Moore, Faye, Moreira, Zelia, Moreno, Tania, Moreno, Ricardo, Moret, Enrique, Moreton, Sarah, Morgan, Marianne, Moro Velasco, Concepción, Morri, Davide, Moull, Alice, Moura, Fernando, Mráz, Peter, Mrozek, Katarzyna, Mukhtar, Karim, Muniyappa, Sudeshkumar, Murray, Heather, Murthy, Burra VS, Mushambi, Mary, Nadolski, Maria, Nardelli, Pasquale, Nardin, Giordano, Navarro Pérez, Rosalía, Naveiro, Andrea, Negri, Manuela, Nesek Adam, Visnja, Neskovic, Vojislava, Neuwersch, Stefan, Neves, Miriam, Nguyen, Bavinh, Ní Eochagáin, Aisling, Nicholas, Caroline, Nightingale, Jeremy, Norrie, Kylie, Novak-Jankovic, Vesna, Novakova, Andrea, Novillo, Marta, Numan, Sandra, Oduro-Dominah, Louise, Oldner, Anders, Oliveira, Isabel, Ologoiu, Daniela, Oloktsidou, Irini, O'Reilly, Rosalind, Orlando, Alessandro, Ovezov, Alexey, Ozbilgin, Sule, Paal, Peter, Padin Barreiro, Lidia, Palugniok, Ryszard, Papaioannou, Alexandra, Papapostolou, Konstantinos, Paranthaman, Prabhakar, Pardey Bracho, Gilda, Parente, Suzana, Parfeni, Alexandru, Pasin, Laura, Passey, Samuel, Pastor, Ernesto, Patch, Sarah, Patil, Andan, Paunescu, Marilena-Alina, Pehboeck, Daniel, Pereira, Manuela, Pereira, Carla, Perez Caballero, Paula, Pérez García, Aníbal, Pérez Soto, Antonia, Perez Tejero, Gisela, Perez-Cerda, Francisco, Pesenti, Antonio, Petta, Rocco, Philippe, Simon, Pickering, David, Pico Veloso, Jandro, Pina, Pedro, Pinho-Oliveira, Vítor, Pinol, Santiago, Pinto, Rita, Pistidda, Laura, Pitterle, Manuela, Piwowarczyk, Paweł, Plotnikova, Olga, Pohl, Holger, Poldermann, Jorinde, Polkovicová, Lucia, Pompei, Livia, Popescu, Mihai, Popović, Radmila, Pota, Vincenzo, Potocnik, Miriam, Potręć, Beata, Potter, Alison, Pramod, Nalwaya, Prchalova, Martina, Preckel, Benedikt, Pugh, Richard, Pulletz, Mark, Radoeshki, Aleksandar, Rafi, Amir, Ragazzi, Riccardo, Raineri Santi, Maurizio, Rajamanickam, Tamiselvan, Rajput, Zahra, Ramachandran, Rajeskar, Ramasamy, Radhika, Ramessur, Suneil, Rao, Roshan, Rasmussen, Anders, Rato, André, Razaque, Usman, Real Navacerrada, M. Isabel, Reavley, Caroline, Reid, James, Reschreiter, Henrik, Rial, Erick, Ribas Carrasco, Patricia, Ribeiro, Sandy, Rich, Nathalie, Richardson, Lydia, Rimaitis, Kestutis, Rimaitis, Marius, Ringvold, Else-Marie, Ripke, Fabian, Ristescu, Irina, Ritchie, Keith, Ródenas, Frederic, Rodrigues, Patrícia, Rogers, Emma, Rogerson, David, Romagnoli, Stefano, Romero, Esther, Rondovic, Goran, Rose, Bernd Oliver, Roth, Winfried, Rotter, Marie-Therese, Rousseau, Guy, Rudjord, Anders, Rueffert, Henrik, Rundgren, Malin, Rupprecht, Korbinian, Rushton, Andrew, Russotto, Vincenzo, Rypulak, Elżbieta, Ryszka, Maciej, Sà, Jacinta, Sà Couto, Paula, Saby, Sandrine, Sagic, Jelena, Saleh, Omar, Sales, Gabriele, Sánchez Sánchez, Yván, Sanghera, Sumayer, Şanli Karip, Ceren, Santiveri Papiol, Francisco Javier, Santos, Sofia, Sarno, Stephen, Saul, Daniel, Saunders, David, Savic, Nenad, Scalco, Loïc, Scanlon, Deborah, Schaller, Stefan, Schax, Christoph, Scheffer, Gert Jan, Schening, Anna, Schiavone, Vincenzo, Schmidt-Ehrenberg, Florian, Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine, Schönberg, Christina, Schopflin, Christian, Schreiber, Jan-Uwe, Schultz, Marcus, Schurig, Marlen, Scott, Carmen, Sebestian, Siby, Sehgal, Selena, Sem, Victoria, Semenas, Egidijus, Serafini, Elena, Serchan, Pashalitsa, Shields, Martin, Shobha, Ramakrishnan, Shosholcheva, Mirjana, Siamansour, Tanja, Siddaiah, Narendra, Siddiqi, Khalid, Sinclair, Rhona, Singh, Permendra, Singh, Rajendra, Sinha, Aneeta, Sinha, Ashok, Skinner, Amanda, Smee, Elizabeth, Smekalova, Olga, Smith, Neil, Smith, Thomas, Smitz, Carine, Smole, Daniel, Sojčić, Nataša, Soler Pedrola, Maria, Somanath, Sameer, Sonksen, Julian, Sorella, Maria Christina, Sörmus, Alar, Soro, Marina, Soto, Carmen, Spada, Anna, Spadaro, Savino, Spaeth, Johannes, Sparr, Harald, Spielmann, Annika, Spindler-Vesel, Alenka, Stamelos, Matthaios, Stancombe L, Liucia, Stanculescu, Andreea, Standl, Thomas, Standley, Tom, Stanek, Ondrej, Stanisavljević, Snežana, Starczewska, Malgorzata, Stäuble, Christiane, Steen, Julie, Stefan, Oana Maria, Stell, Elizabeth, Stera, Caterina, Stevens, Markus, Stoerckel, Marlène, Stošić, Biljana, Stourac, Petr, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Struck, Rafael, Suarez de la Rica, Alejandro, Sultanpori, Altaf, Sundara Rajan, Rajinikanth, Suying, Ong, Svensen, Christer, Swan, Louise, Syrogianni, Paulina, Sysiak, Justyna, Szederjesi, Janos, Taddei, Stefania, Tan Hao, Ern, Tanou, Virginia, Tarabová, Katarina, Tardaguila Sancho, Paula, Tarroso, Maria, Tartaglione, Marco, Taylor, Emma, Tbaily, Lee, Telford, Richard, Terenzoni, Massimo, Theodoraki, Kassiani, Thornley, Helen, Tiganiuc, Liviu, Toim, Hardo, Tomescu, Dana, Tommasino, Concezione, Toni, Jessica, Toninelli, Arturo, Toretti, Ilaria, Townley, Stephen, Trepenaitis, Darius, Trethowan, Brian, Tsaousi, Georgia, Tsiftsi, Aikaterini, Tudor, Adrada, Turan, Güldem, Turhan, Sanem Çakar, Unic-Stojanovic, Dragana, Unterbuchner, Christoph, Unzueta, Carmen, Uranjek, Jasna, Ursic, Tomaz, Vaida, Simona, Valldeperas Ferrer, Silvia, Valldeperas Hernandez, Maria Inmaculada, Valsamidis, Dimitri, Van Beek, Rienk, Van dasselaer, Nick, Van Der Beek, Tim, Van Duivenvoorde, Yoni, van Klei, Wilton A., Van Poorter, Frans, Van Zaane, Bas, Van Zundert, Tom, Van Zyl, Rebekka, Vargas Munoz, Ana Milena, Varsani, Nimu, Vasconcelos, Pedro, Vassilakis, Georgios, Vecchiatini, Tommaso, Vecera, Lubomir, Vercauteren, Marcel, Verdouw, Bas, Verheyen, Veerle, Verri, Marco, Vicari Sottosanti, Luigi Giancarlo, Vico, Manuel, Vidal Mitjans, Patricia, Vilardi, Anna, Vissicchio, Daniela, Vitale, Giovanni, Vitković, Bibiana, Vizcaychipi, Marcela Paola, Voicu, Alexandra, Voje, Minca, Volfová, Ivana, Volta, Carlo Alberto, Von Lutterotti, Theresa, von Tiesenhausen, Anna, Vrecic-Slabe, Simona, Vukcevic, Dejan, Vukovic, Rade, Vullo, P. Agostina, Wade, Andrew, Wallberg, Hanna, Wallden, Jakob, Wallner, Johann, Walther Sturesson, Louise, Watson, Davina, Weber, Stefan, Wegiel Leskiewiq, Anna, Weller, Debbie, Wensing, Carine, Werkmann, Markus, Westberg, Henrik, Wikström, Erik, Williams, Benedict, Wilson, Robin, Wirth, Steffen, Wittmann, Maria, Wood, Laura, Wright, Stella, Zachoval, Christian, Zambon, Massimo, Zampieri, Silvia, Zampone, Salvatore, Zangrillo, Alberto, Zani, Gianluca, Zavackiene, Asta, Zieglerder, Raphael, Zonneveldt, Harry, Zsisku, Lajos, Zucker, Tom-Philipp, Żukowski, Maciej, Zuleika, Mehrun, Zupanĕiĕ, Darja, Kirmeier, Eva, Eriksson, Lars I, Lewald, Heidrun, Jonsson Fagerlund, Malin, Hoeft, Andreas, Hollmann, Markus, Meistelman, Claude, Hunter, Jennifer M, Ulm, Kurt, and Blobner, Manfred

Published
2019
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43. The influence of hydrodynamic environment on the nucleation mechanism of a chiral crystallization

Author

Callahan, Craig James and Ni, Xiong-Wei

Subjects
548
Abstract

This thesis presents the results and discussions of an investigation into nucleation mechanisms in a cooling crystallization of sodium chlorate in both a stirred tank crystallizer (STC) and an oscillatory baffled crystallizer (OBC) under various crystallizer configurations and operational conditions. The key question to be addressed was why nucleation took place in an OBC without seeds, while seeds were essential in an STC for the same chemistry and at the same process conditions. Various hypotheses have been initiated, tested and verified in both primary and secondary nucleation experiments, and new scientific insights and better understanding have been achieved on the parameters that have influenced the nucleation mechanisms and some explanations as to why seeds were not necessary in the OBC are put forward. For the seeded nucleation, the fluid dynamic environment and mixing mechanics were responsible for dictating the nature of the nucleation mechanism. The unique scraping action of the baffles against the crystallizer wall in the OBC enabled a different enantiomorphism of the product crystals compared to the seed crystal. Removing such a motion in the OBC provided product crystals similar to that seen in the STC. The degree and the means of mixing near the single seed crystal also affected the crystal handedness. For the primary nucleation experiments, it was found that the handedness of the product crystals in the STC was strongly orientated towards a single enantiomorph, while both enantiomorphs were formed in the OBC. The results were suggestive of a lower free energy barrier in the OBC, in turn resulting in primary nucleation being favoured in the OBC as opposed to rapid secondary nucleation being dominant in the STC.

Published
2014

44. The regulation of radioactive discharges from Sellafield in the context of Sustainable Development

Author

Ashton, Craig James Robert, Hughes, Colin, Abbot, Carolyn, and Butler, Gregg

Subjects
363.72, Sellafield, Sustainable Development Scale, Sustainable Development Assessment, Radioactive Discharges Regulation
Abstract

The Environment Agency are responsible for the regulation of radioactive substances in England, which is a highly controversial area to regulate due to the public perception regarding the associated environmental and health impacts. This is further complicated by the Environment Agency’s primary aim of contributing towards sustainable development, which is another controversial and contested concept. The principles of good regulation require a proportionate approach, which can be considered a key component of sustainable development also. However, published literature asserts that the regulation of radioactive discharges is disproportionate, which lacks verifiable data on the regulatory compliance costs and impacts imposed. This also implies that the regulation may not contribute towards sustainable development, which is compounded by the ambiguity of this requirement in the regulatory framework. This thesis therefore seeks to evaluate whether the Environment Agency is achieving its primary aim of contributing towards sustainable development in its regulation of radioactive discharges. To this end, this study sought to identify the interpretation of sustainable development that the law, policy and guidance for the regulation of radioactive discharges requires the Environment Agency to adhere to, and then collect data to assess whether this is being implemented. To achieve this, the law, policy and guidance for the regulation of radioactive discharges has been mapped on to an enhanced sliding-scale of sustainable development interpretations. This has revealed that the regulatory framework drives the Environment Agency to adhere to the newly developed interpretation of stronger sustainability, which requires a proportionate approach to be applied within the limitations of the environment. The regulation applied to Sellafield’s radioactive discharges has then been assessed against this stronger sustainability paradigm. The data collected confirms discharges are within environmental limits and that the regulation has resulted in direct compliance costs of £120 million between 2002 and 2009 without yielding any benefit to the environment in terms of a reduction in collective dose. The measured costs and benefits have been supplemented by a qualitative analysis of impacts that cannot be quantified, and these reinforce the contention that the regulatory approach at Sellafield is disproportionate and therefore inconsistent with stronger sustainability. A likely cause of the disproportionate regulatory approach is attributed to stakeholder and political pressures. Improvements have been proposed to address the disproportionate approach, which have already influenced the removal of some discharge limitations.

Published
2014

45. Diagnosing acute heart failure in the Emergency Department

Author

Ferguson, Craig James

Subjects
616.1
Abstract

Background: Acute, decompensated heart failure is a serious and common presentation in patients attending Emergency Departments. Diagnosis of this condition in this environment can be challenging. Main Objective:  To assess the diagnostic utility of variables related to the diagnosis of decompensated heart failure in the Emergency Department setting.  To create a Clinical Decision Rule to facilitate the diagnosis of decompensated heart failure in the Emergency Department setting. Methods:  A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature related to the diagnosis of acute heart failure in the Emergency Department was performed to assess and rank the diagnostic utility of all potential predictor variables. Bivariate meta-analysis was performed where appropriate to provide summary statistics for variable utility.  A diagnostic study performed in a single, urban Emergency Department to allow multivariable analysis of the data to derive a Clinical Decision Rule. Logistic regression, Random Forest analysis and CART analysis were used in the analysis. Results: 44 papers were included in the systematic review providing data on 41 potential diagnostic variables. A history of heart failure, clinical opinion of heart failure, natriuretic peptide levels and the findings of cardiomegaly, pulmonary oedema or cephalisation of vessels on the chest x-ray had the greatest diagnostic utility.  105 patients were recruited in the diagnostic study and 62 potential variables were assessed against a reference standard of two cardiologists opinions. Cardiothoracic ratio, natriuretic peptide levels, the presence of pulmonary oedema, clinical impression of heart failure and urea levels were found to be the best performing variables.  Two or more of these variables, using selected cut-off values for continuous variables, had a specificity of nearly 100% for definite or possible heart failure. Different cut-off values could be used with these variables to provide high sensitivity for this condition. Conclusion: The clinical and investigative findings with the greatest diagnostic utility for the acutely dyspnoeic patient with heart failure have been identified and can be used to rule in heart failure.

Published
2014

47. Investigating the Relationship Between the Content of Instruction and Student Performance in Tennessee Restructuring Schools

Author

Appalachia Educational Lab., Charleston, WV., Ceperley, Patricia E., Craig, James R., Porter, Andrew C., and Smith, Thomas

Abstract

The purpose of this report is to provide information to Tennessee EEs that may help them make decisions about whether to work with their assigned school to align curriculum and instruction with state standards or choose another strategy for helping the school to improve student academic performance. The report includes a description of the topics and cognitive demand included in the Tennessee Content Standards and locally developed district curricula. The report also presents comparisons of the content standards and locally developed district curricula as well as the comparisons of teacher survey results and state standards.

Published
2005

48. AEL Continuous School Improvement Questionnaire. User Manual and Technical Report.

Author

AEL, Inc., Charleston, WV., Meehan, Merrill L., Cowley, Kimberly S., and Craig, James R.

Abstract

The Continuous School Improvement Questionnaire (CSIQ) developed by the AEL helps a school staff gauge its performance on six dimensions related to continuous school improvement. Each member of the staff responds to the CSIQ individually. Although results might be used at the district or regional level, the most widely intended unit for applying the results is at the school level. This manual contains information about procedures for proper administration, scoring, and reporting of results, and information about the interpretation and use of results. The manual also provides information about the research base for the CSIQ. The technical report portion of this manual provides information about the development of the instrument through pilot and field tests. Normative data are given for different types of schools and for other variables found in the school setting. Charts for converting scale raw scores to percentiles also are provided, allowing the comparison of one school's CSIQ scores to those of other schools. The CSIQ instrument is included with this manual. (Contains 27 tables.) (SLD)

Published
2002

49. School Faculty as a High-Performing Learning Community: Normative Data from 132 Schools.

Author

AEL, Inc., Charleston, WV., Meehan, Merrill L., Wiersma, William, Cowley, Kimberly S., Craig, James R., Orletsky, Sandra R., and Childers, Robert D.

Abstract

A faculty's commitment to continuous learning and improvement is a critical dimension in defining schools as high-performing learning communities. When planning an improvement effort, a school's staff needs a conceptual framework that outlines the dimensions of school improvement. The AEL Continuous School Improvement Questionnaire (CSIQ) is a self-report inventory that asks professional staff to rate their school on six major dimensions: learning culture; connections among school, family, and community; shared leadership; shared goals for learning; purposeful student assessment; and effective teaching. Extensive pilot and field testing have shown the CSIQ to be a reliable and valid measure of faculty commitment to continuous learning and improvement. This paper reports normative CSIQ data from 3,821 staff in 132 schools in Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia that took part in field testing. Within the sample was a subgroup of 11 schools identified as continuously improving or high-performing schools. These schools were labeled "Known" schools. Schools were categorized by grade level and by Johnson Code indicating rural/urban locale. CSIQ scores were highly reliable. School's grade-level had a slight to modest effect, with elementary schools and those containing elementary grades having higher total and subscale scores. CSIQ scores had no relationship to extent of rurality. Educators in "Known" schools almost always scored higher than their counterparts in schools of the same type. (Contains 15 statistical data tables.) (SV)

Published
2002

50. pyDarwin: A Machine Learning Enhanced Automated Nonlinear Mixed‐Effect Model Selection Toolbox.

Author

Li, Xinnong, Sale, Mark, Nieforth, Keith, Bigos, Kristin L., Craig, James, Wang, Fenggong, Feng, Kairui, Hu, Meng, Bies, Robert, and Zhao, Liang

Subjects
MACHINE learning, PYTHON programming language
Abstract

pyDarwin is an open‐source Python package for nonlinear mixed‐effect model selection. pyDarwin combines machine‐learning algorithms and NONMEM to perform a global search for the optimal model in a user‐defined model search space. Compared with traditional stepwise search, pyDarwin provides an efficient platform for conducting an objective, robust, less labor‐intensive model selection process without compromising model interpretability. In this tutorial, we will begin by introducing the essential components and concepts within the package. Subsequently, we will provide an overview of the pyDarwin modeling workflow and the necessary files needed for model selection. To illustrate the entire process, we will conclude with an example utilizing quetiapine clinical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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