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1. A randomized, controlled trial of ZYN002 cannabidiol transdermal gel in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome (CONNECT-FX)

Author

Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Randi Hagerman, Dejan Budimirovic, Craig Erickson, Helen Heussler, Nicole Tartaglia, Jonathan Cohen, Flora Tassone, Thomas Dobbins, Elizabeth Merikle, Terri Sebree, Nancy Tich, Joseph M. Palumbo, and Stephen O’Quinn

Subjects
Fragile X syndrome, Clinical trial, Endocannabinoid system, Cannabidiol, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with dysregulated endocannabinoid signaling and may therefore respond to cannabidiol therapy. Design CONNECT-FX was a double-blind, randomized phase 3 trial assessing efficacy and safety of ZYN002, transdermal cannabidiol gel, for the treatment of behavioral symptoms in children and adolescents with FXS. Methods Patients were randomized to 12 weeks of ZYN002 (250 mg or 500 mg daily [weight-based]) or placebo, as add-on to standard of care. The primary endpoint assessed change in social avoidance (SA) measured by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist–Community Edition FXS (ABC-CFXS) SA subscale in a full cohort of patients with a FXS full mutation, regardless of the FMR1 methylation status. Ad hoc analyses assessed efficacy in patients with ≥ 90% and 100% methylation of the promoter region of the FMR1 gene, in whom FMR1 gene silencing is most likely. Results A total of 212 patients, mean age 9.7 years, 75% males, were enrolled. A total of 169 (79.7%) patients presented with ≥ 90% methylation of the FMR1 promoter and full mutation of FMR1. Although statistical significance for the primary endpoint was not achieved in the full cohort, significant improvement was demonstrated in patients with ≥ 90% methylation of FMR1 (nominal P = 0.020). This group also achieved statistically significant improvements in Caregiver Global Impression‐Change in SA and isolation, irritable and disruptive behaviors, and social interactions (nominal P-values: P = 0.038, P = 0.028, and P = 0.002). Similar results were seen in patients with 100% methylation of FMR1. ZYN002 was safe and well tolerated. All treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild or moderate. The most common treatment-related TEAE was application site pain (ZYN002: 6.4%; placebo: 1.0%). Conclusions In CONNECT-FX, ZYN002 was well tolerated in patients with FXS and demonstrated evidence of efficacy with a favorable benefit risk relationship in patients with ≥ 90% methylation of the FMR1 gene, in whom gene silencing is most likely, and the impact of FXS is typically most severe. Trial registration The CONNECT-FX trial is registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03614663).

Published
2022
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2. A sound-driven cortical phase-locking change in the Fmr1 KO mouse requires Fmr1 deletion in a subpopulation of brainstem neurons

Author

Andrew J. Holley, Aleya Shedd, Anna Boggs, Jonathan Lovelace, Craig Erickson, Christina Gross, Miranda Jankovic, Khaleel Razak, Kimberly Huber, and Jay R. Gibson

Subjects
Fragile X syndrome, Brainstem, Inferior colliculus, Electroencephalography, EEG, Auditory, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Background: Sensory impairments commonly occur in patients with autism or intellectual disability. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is one form of intellectual disability that is often comorbid with autism. In electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings obtained from humans with FXS, the ability of cortical regions to consistently synchronize, or “phase-lock”, to modulated auditory stimuli is reduced compared to that of typically developing individuals. At the same time, less time-locked, “non-phase-locked” power induced by sounds is higher. The same changes occur in the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse – an animal model of FXS. We determined if Fmr1 deletion in a subset of brainstem auditory neurons plays any role in these EEG changes in the mouse. Methods: We reinstated FMRP expression in a subpopulation of brainstem auditory neurons in an otherwise Fmr1 KO control (conditional on; cON Fmr1) mouse and used EEG recordings to determine if reinstatement normalized, or “rescued”, the phase-locking phenotype observed in the cON Fmr1 mouse. In determining rescue, this also meant that Fmr1 deletion in the same neuron population was necessary for the phenotype to occur. Results: We find that Fmr1 reinstatement in a subset of brainstem neurons rescues certain aspects of the phase-locking phenotype but does not rescue the increase in non-phase-locked power. Unexpectedly, not all electrophysiological phenotypes observed in the Fmr1 KO were observed in the cON Fmr1 mouse used for the reinstatement experiments, and this was likely due to residual expression of FMRP in these Fmr1 KO controls. Conclusions: Fmr1 deletion in brainstem neurons is necessary for certain aspects of the decreased phase-locking phenotype in the Fmr1 KO, but not necessary for the increase in non-phase-locked power induced by a sound. The most likely brainstem structure underlying these results is the inferior colliculus. We also demonstrate that low levels of FMRP can rescue some EEG phenotypes but not others. This latter finding provides a foundation for how symptoms in FXS individuals may vary due to FMRP levels and that reinstatement of low FMRP levels may be sufficient to alleviate particular symptoms.

Published
2022
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3. Soy-Based Infant Formula is Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Comorbidities in Fragile X Syndrome

Author

Cara J. Westmark, Chad Kniss, Emmanuel Sampene, Angel Wang, Amie Milunovich, Kelly Elver, David Hessl, Amy Talboy, Jonathon Picker, Barbara Haas-Givler, Amy Esler, Andrea L. Gropman, Ryan Uy, Craig Erickson, Milen Velinov, Nicole Tartaglia, and Elizabeth M. Berry-Kravis

Subjects
autism, fragile X syndrome (FXS), infant formula, seizures, soy, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

A large number of adults and children consume soy in various forms, but little information is available regarding potential neurological side effects. Prior work indicates an association between the consumption of soy-based diets and seizure prevalence in mouse models of neurological disease and in children with autism. Herein, we sought to evaluate potential associations between the consumption of soy-based formula during infancy and disease comorbidities in persons with fragile X syndrome (FXS), while controlling for potentially confounding issues, through a retrospective case-control survey study of participants with FXS enrolled in the Fragile X Online Registry with Accessible Research Database (FORWARD). There was a 25% usage rate of soy-based infant formula in the study population. We found significant associations between the consumption of soy-based infant formula and the comorbidity of autism, gastrointestinal problems (GI) and allergies. Specifically, there was a 1.5-fold higher prevalence of autism, 1.9-fold GI problems and 1.7-fold allergies in participants reporting the use of soy-based infant formula. The major reason for starting soy-based infant formula was GI problems. The average age of seizure and allergy onset occurred long after the use of soy-based infant formula. We conclude that early-life feeding with soy-based infant formula is associated with the development of several disease comorbidities in FXS.

Published
2020
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4. Response to Placebo in Fragile X Syndrome Clinical Trials: An Initial Analysis

Author

Skylar Luu, Haley Province, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Randi Hagerman, David Hessl, Dhananjay Vaidya, Reymundo Lozano, Hilary Rosselot, Craig Erickson, Walter E. Kaufmann, and Dejan B. Budimirovic

Subjects
fragile X syndrome, clinical trials placebo effect, meta-analysis, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Individuals with FXS often present with a wide range of cognitive deficits and problem behaviors. Educational, behavioral and pharmacological interventions are used to manage these and other complex issues affecting individuals with FXS. Despite the success of preclinical models and early-phase drug clinical studies in FXS, large-scale randomized-controlled trials have failed to meet primary endpoints. Currently, no targeted or disease-modifying treatments for FXS have received regulatory approval. Here, we examined the placebo response in FXS clinical trials conducted between 2006 and 2018. Specifically, we performed a meta-analysis of placebo-treated groups in eight double-blind, randomized controlled trials. Placebo groups demonstrated significant improvements on caregiver-rated efficacy endpoints, which were greater in adolescents and adults than in children. Among the latter measures, the Visual Analog Scale scores displayed the greatest improvements, whereas the positive effects on the Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Composite and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community/fragile X version were statistically significant in both children and adolescents/adults. Although the Clinical Global Impression scale Improvement appears to have exhibited a substantial placebo effect in multiple clinical trials in FXS, limited data availability for meta-analysis, prevented us from drawing conclusions. No placebo-related improvements were observed in performance-rated measures. These findings raise substantial concerns about placebo effects in outcome measures commonly used in the randomized-controlled trials in FXS and suggest several potential improvements in the study design and implementation of such trials. Considering the small number of trials available for this study, larger and more detailed follow up meta-analyses are needed. Meanwhile, efforts to improve the measurement properties of endpoints and rater training in drug trials in FXS should be prioritized.

Published
2020
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5. Language across the Lifespan in Fragile X Syndrome: Characteristics and Considerations for Assessment

Author

Anne Hoffmann, Angel Wang, Natalie Berger, Lisa Cordeiro, Rebecca Shaffer, Nicole Tartaglia, Craig Erickson, and Elizabeth Berry-Kravis

Subjects
Fragile X syndrome, language assessment, intellectual disability, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

While it is widely acknowledged that language development is delayed for the majority of individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS), there has been limited research into how best to assess this area. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of standardized language assessment in FXS by addressing the three following objectives: (1) Examine the feasibility and validity of widely-used, standardized assessments in participants with FXS; (2) describe linguistic and cognitive profiles for a large sample of individuals with FXS; and (3) Compare results obtained from objective testing in clinic to those obtained using caregiver report. Results indicate that previous results indicating strong correlations between cognition and language results hold true across a wide range of ages as well as across multiple assessments, with an exception in very young children. Caregiver report tended to give lower estimates of language ability than what was found using an objectively administered assessment. Appropriate assessments remain difficult to find as a significant percentage of individuals scored at floor when scaled scores were calculated. Further, a sub-group of participants were coded for behavioral response to testing demands, the majority being able to complete a standardized assessment. These results speak to the need for assessments that provide a wider range of items so individuals can both achieve a valid score and demonstrate progress in their attainment of language skills.

Published
2020
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6. The Relationship between Expressive Language Sampling and Clinical Measures in Fragile X Syndrome and Typical Development

Author

Rebecca C. Shaffer, Lauren Schmitt, Angela John Thurman, Leonard Abbeduto, Michael Hong, Ernest Pedapati, Kelli Dominick, John Sweeney, and Craig Erickson

Subjects
fragile x syndrome, expressive language sampling, language impairments, asd, hyperactivity, talkativeness, intelligibility, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Language impairment is a core difficulty in fragile X syndrome (FXS), and yet standardized measures lack the sensitivity to assess developmental changes in the nature of these impairments. Expressive Language Sampling Narrative (ELS-N) has emerged as a promising new measure with research demonstrating its usefulness in a wide range of ages in developmental disabilities and typical development. We examined ELS-N results in FXS and age-matched typically developing (TD) controls along with cognitive, adaptive, and clinical measures. We found the groups differed significantly on all ELS-N variables. Cognitive abilities were related to lexical diversity, syntactic complexity, and unintelligibility for the FXS group, but only verbal abilities were related to syntactic complexity in TD. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomatology was related to less intelligibility in speech. Measures of hyperactivity were related to increased talkativeness and unintelligibility. In addition, FXS males in comparison to FXS females were more impaired in cognitive ability, ASD symptoms, hyperactivity, and anxiety. This study extends the previous ELS research, supporting its use in FXS research as a measure to characterize language abilities. It also demonstrates the relationships between ELS-N variables and measures of cognitive, adaptive, ASD symptoms, and clinical symptoms.

Published
2020
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7. Executive Function in Fragile X Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Author

Lauren M. Schmitt, Rebecca C. Shaffer, David Hessl, and Craig Erickson

Subjects
fragile X syndrome, executive function, working memory, set-shifting, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, attention, planning, processing speed, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Executive function (EF) supports goal-directed behavior and includes key aspects such as working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, attention, processing speed, and planning. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited monogenic cause of intellectual disability and is phenotypically characterized by EF deficits beyond what is expected given general cognitive impairments. Yet, a systematic review of behavioral studies using performance-based measures is needed to provide a summary of EF deficits across domains in males and females with FXS, discuss clinical and biological correlates of these EF deficits, identify critical limitations in available research, and offer suggestions for future studies in this area. Ultimately, this review aims to advance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to EF in FXS and to inform the development of outcome measures of EF and identification of new treatment targets in FXS.

Published
2019
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8. Voice of People with Fragile X Syndrome and Their Families: Reports from a Survey on Treatment Priorities

Author

Jayne Dixon Weber, Elizabeth Smith, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Diego Cadavid, David Hessl, and Craig Erickson

Subjects
fragile X syndrome, FMR1 gene, voice of the person, voice of the patient, characteristics that have the greatest impact, developmental disorders, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

To date, there has been limited research on the primary concerns and treatment priorities for individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and their families. The National Fragile X Foundation in collaboration with clinical investigators from industry and academia constructed a survey to investigate the main symptoms, daily living challenges, family impact, and treatment priorities for individuals with FXS and their families, which was then distributed to a large mailing list. The survey included both structured questions focused on ranking difficulties as well as qualitative analysis of open-ended questions. It was completed by 467 participants, including 439 family members or caretakers (family members/caretakers) of someone with FXS, 20 professionals who work with a person with FXS, and 8 individuals with FXS. Respondents indicated three main general areas of concern: Anxiety, behavioral problems, and learning difficulties. Important differences were noted, based on the sex and age of the individual with FXS. The results highlight the top priorities for treatment development for family members/caretakers, as well as a small group of professionals, and an even smaller group of individuals with FXS, while demonstrating challenges with “voice of the patient„ research in FXS.

Published
2019
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13. A Paradigm Shifting View of Intellectual Disability: A Near Normal Distribution of IQ in Fragile X Syndrome

Author

Lauren M. Schmitt, Meredith Will, Rebecca Shaffer, and Craig Erickson

Abstract

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is an X-linked disorder leading to the loss of expression of FMR1-protein product, FMRP. The absence or deficiency of FMRP is thought to result in the characteristic FXS phenotypes, including intellectual disability. Identifying the relationship between FMRP levels and IQ may be critical to better understand underlying mechanisms and advance treatment development and planning. A sample of 80 individuals with FXS (67% male), aged 8–45 years, completed IQ testing and blood draw via venipuncture to determine the relationship between IQ scores and FMRP levels as well as the normalcy of IQ distributions. In females with FXS only, higher FMRP levels were associated with higher IQ. In contrast, males with FXS showed a downward shifted but otherwise normal distribution of IQ scores. Our findings offer a paradigm-shifting views of FXS—males with FXS have normally distributed IQ that is downshifted 5 standard deviations. Our novel work provides evidence of a “FXS standard curve”, and is a critical step towards establishing molecular markers of disease severity in FXS. There is much future work to better understand the mechanism by which FMRP loss leads to intellectual disability and what biological/genetic and socio-environmental factors contribute to variation in IQ.

Published
2023

14. Empirical Frequency Bound Derivation Reveals Prominent Mid-Frontal Alpha Associated with Neurosensory Dysfunction in Fragile X Syndrome

Author

Ernest V Pedapati, John A. Sweeney, Lauren M. Schmitt, Lauren E. Ethridge, Makoto Miyakoshi, Rui Liu, Elizabeth Smith, Rebecca C. Shaffer, Steve W. Wu, Donald L. Gilbert, Paul S. Horn, and Craig Erickson

Abstract

The FMR1 gene is inactive in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), resulting in low levels of FMRP and consequent neurochemical, synaptic, and local circuit neurophysiological alterations in the fmr1 KO mouse. In FXS patients, electrophysiological studies have demonstrated a marked reduction in global alpha activity and regional increases in gamma oscillations associated with intellectual disability and sensory hypersensitivity. Since alpha activity is associated with a thalamocortical function with widely distributed modulatory effects on neocortical excitability, insight into alpha physiology may provide insight into systems-level disease mechanisms. Herein, we took a data-driven approach to clarify the temporal and spatial properties of alpha and theta activity in participants with FXS. High-resolution resting-state EEG data were collected from participants affected by FXS (n = 65) and matched controls (n = 70). We used a multivariate technique to empirically classify neural oscillatory bands based on their coherent spatiotemporal patterns. Participants with FXS demonstrated: 1) redistribution of lower-frequency boundaries indicating a “slower” dominant alpha rhythm, 2) an anteriorization of alpha frequency activity, and 3) a correlation of increased individualized alpha power measurements with auditory neurosensory dysfunction. These findings suggest an important role for alterations in thalamocortical physiology for the well-established neocortical hyper-excitability in FXS and, thus, a role for neural systems level disruption to cortical hyperexcitability that has been studied primarily at the local circuit level in animal models.

Published
2023

16. Brief Report: Telehealth Satisfaction Among Caregivers of Pediatric and Adult Psychology and Psychiatry Patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disability in the Wake of Covid-19

Author

Victoria Rosen, Elizabeth Blank, Erica Lampert, Kelli Dominick, Meredith Will, Craig Erickson, Ernest Pedapati, Martine Lamy, and Rebecca Shaffer

Subjects
Adult, Psychiatry, SARS-CoV-2, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental Disabilities, COVID-19, Personal Satisfaction, Telemedicine, Caregivers, Patient Satisfaction, Intellectual Disability, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Child, Pandemics
Abstract

Telehealth has been shown to be both acceptable and effective in many areas of healthcare, yet it was not widely adopted prior to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Additionally, previous evaluations of telehealth for autism spectrum condition (ASC) and intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) populations are limited in both number and scope. Here, we investigated satisfaction amongst Psychology and Psychiatry patient caregivers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results (640 responses) showed high rates of satisfaction across departments, appointment types, and diagnoses, with 92% indicating overall satisfaction with their appointment. There were, however, notable decreases in satisfaction among Group Therapy respondents, and those whose diagnosis was classified as Other.

Published
2022

17. Properties of a q-Analogue of Zero Forcing

Author

Boting Yang, Bryan L. Shader, Brenda Kroschel, H. Tracy Hall, Steve Butler, Jephian C.-H. Lin, Nathan Warnberg, Shaun M. Fallat, and Craig Erickson

Subjects
0211 other engineering and technologies, 021107 urban & regional planning, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Security token, 01 natural sciences, Graph, Oracle, Theoretical Computer Science, Vertex (geometry), Combinatorics, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Zero Forcing Equalizer, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Mathematics
Abstract

Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on a graph where the goal is to start with all vertices unfilled and to change them to filled at minimal cost. In the original variation of the game there were two options. Namely, to fill any one single vertex at the cost of a single token; or if any currently filled vertex has a unique non-filled neighbor, then the neighbor is filled for free. This paper investigates a q-analogue of zero forcing which introduces a third option involving an oracle. Basic properties of this game are established including determining all graphs which have minimal cost 1 or 2 for all possible q, and finding the zero forcing number for all trees when $$q=1$$ .

Published
2020

18. Optimization, Validation and Initial Clinical Implications of a Luminex-based Immunoassay for the Quantification of Fragile X Protein from Dried Blood Spots

Author

Anna Boggs, Lauren Schmitt, Richard McLane, Tatyana Adayev, Giuseppe LaFauci, Kelli Dominick, Christina Gross, Paul Horn, and Craig Erickson

Abstract

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability affecting 1 in 4,000 males and 1 in 6-8,000 females. FXS is caused by a trinucleotide expansion in the 5’UTR of the Fragile X Mental Retardation (FMR1) gene which in full mutation carriers (>200 repeats) leads to hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of the gene and lack of expression of Fragile X Protein (FXP, formerly known as Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, FMRP). Phenotypic presentation of FXS is highly variable, and molecular markers explaining or predicting this variability are lacking. Recent studies suggest that trace amounts of FXP can be detected even in fully methylated individuals and may have clinical relevance; however, the lack of available reproducible, sensitive assays to detect FXP in peripheral tissue makes evaluation of peripheral FXP as a source of clinical variability challenging. Methods: We optimized a Luminex-based assay to detect FXP in dried blot spots for increased reproducibility and sensitivity by improving reagent concentrations and buffer conditions. The optimized assay was used to quantify FXP in 187 individuals (101 males, 86 females; 0-78.4 years) including 35 typically developing controls (24 males, 11 females), 103 individuals carrying full mutations (70 males, 33 females), and 49 individuals with premutations (7 males, 42 females). A subset of these individuals showed repeat number or methylation mosaicism. We investigated the clinical relevance of peripheral FXP levels by examining its relationship with general intellectual functioning in a subset of individuals with available IQ scores. Results: We show that the optimized assay is highly reproducible and detects a wide range of FXP levels. Mosaic individuals had, on average, higher FXP levels than fully methylated individuals, and trace amounts of FXP were consistently detectable in a subset of individuals with full mutation FXS. IQ scores were positively correlated with peripheral FXP levels in male and female individuals with full mutation FXS. Conclusions: We demonstrate that our optimized Luminex-based assay to detect FXP is reproducible, highly sensitive, and related to the core intellectual disability phenotype. Further, our data suggest that trace amounts of FXP detectable in dried blood spots of individuals with FXS could be clinically relevant and may be used to stratify individuals with FXS for optimized treatment. Future studies are needed with larger sample sizes, evaluating FXP across development and expanded analysis of the relevance of FXP levels for behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes in FXS.

Published
2021

21. Restricted power domination and zero forcing problems

Author

Mary Flagg, Leslie Hogben, Craig Erickson, Boris Brimkov, Daniela Ferrero, and Chassidy Bozeman

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, 021103 operations research, Control and Optimization, Domination analysis, Applied Mathematics, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Parallel algorithm, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Vertex (geometry), Treewidth, Electric power system, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Dominating set, Bounded function, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Time complexity, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS, Mathematics
Abstract

Power domination in graphs arises from the problem of monitoring an electric power system by placing as few measurement devices in the system as possible. A power dominating set of a graph is a set of vertices that observes every vertex in the graph, following a set of rules for power system monitoring. A practical problem of interest is to determine the minimum number of additional measurement devices needed to monitor a power network when the network is expanded and the existing devices remain in place. In this paper, we study the problem of finding the smallest power dominating set that contains a given set of vertices X. We also study the related problem of finding the smallest zero forcing set that contains a given set of vertices X. The sizes of such sets in a graph G are respectively called the restricted power domination number and restricted zero forcing number of G subject to X. We derive several tight bounds on the restricted power domination and zero forcing numbers of graphs, and relate them to other graph parameters. We also present exact and algorithmic results for computing the restricted power domination number, including integer programs for general graphs and a linear time algorithm for graphs with bounded treewidth. We also use restricted power domination to obtain a parallel algorithm for finding minimum power dominating sets in trees.

Published
2018

22. Correction to: Properties of a q-Analogue of Zero Forcing

Author

Shaun M. Fallat, H. Tracy Hall, Brenda Kroschel, Craig Erickson, Steve Butler, Boting Yang, Jephian C.-H. Lin, Nathan Warnberg, and Bryan L. Shader

Subjects
Combinatorics, Discrete mathematics, Zero Forcing Equalizer, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Theoretical Computer Science, Mathematics, Sequence (medicine)
Abstract

The LaTeX control sequence \deg is interpreted differently in the authors’ and the publisher’s LaTeX setting

Published
2020

24. Positive semidefinite zero forcing

Author

Diana Hay, Darren D. Row, Arianne Ross, Jason Ekstrand, Nathan Warnberg, Michael Young, Steven Osborne, Nicole Kingsley, Jolie Roat, Travis Peters, H. Tracy Hall, Leslie Hogben, Ryan Timothy Johnson, and Craig Erickson

Subjects
Semidefinite programming, Vertex (graph theory), Discrete mathematics, Numerical Analysis, Algebra and Number Theory, Conjecture, Positive-definite matrix, Combinatorics, Zero Forcing Equalizer, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Geometry and Topology, Extreme value theory, Graph operations, Complement graph, Mathematics
Abstract

The positive semidefinite zero forcing number Z + ( G ) of a graph G was introduced in Barioli et al. (2010) [4] . We establish a variety of properties of Z + ( G ) : Any vertex of G can be in a minimum positive semidefinite zero forcing set (this is not true for standard zero forcing). The graph parameters tw ( G ) (tree-width), Z + ( G ) , and Z ( G ) (standard zero forcing number) all satisfy the Graph Complement Conjecture (see Barioli et al. (2012) [3] ). Graphs having extreme values of the positive semidefinite zero forcing number are characterized. The effect of various graph operations on positive semidefinite zero forcing number and connections with other graph parameters are studied.

Published
2013

25. ON NILPOTENCE INDICES OF SIGN PATTERNS

Author

Craig Erickson and In-Jae Kim

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Jordan matrix, Pure mathematics, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, Mathematics::Rings and Algebras, Zero (complex analysis), Mathematics::Group Theory, Nilpotent, symbols.namesake, symbols, Order (group theory), Mathematics::Representation Theory, Mathematics, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract

The work in this paper was motivated by (3), where Eschen- bach and Li listed four 4 by 4 sign patterns, conjectured to be nilpotent sign patterns of nilpotence index at least 3. These sign patterns with no zero entries, called full sign patterns, are shown to be potentially nilpotent of nilpotence index 3. We also generalize these sign patterns of order 4 so that we provide classes of n by n sign patterns of nilpo- tence indices at least 3, if they are potentially nilpotent. Furthermore it is shown that if a full sign pattern A of order n has nilpotence index k with 2 • kn i 1, then sign pattern A has nilpotent realizations of nilpotence indices k,k + 1,...,n. Hence, the four 4 by 4 sign patterns in (3, page91) also allow nilpotent realizations of nilpotence index 4.

Published
2010

26. Sign patterns that require eventual exponential nonnegativity

Author

Craig Erickson

Subjects
Set (abstract data type), Discrete mathematics, Algebra and Number Theory, Triangular matrix, Applied mathematics, Matrix exponential, Exponential function, Mathematics, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract

Sign patterns that require exponential nonnegativity are characterized. A set of conditions necessary for a sign pattern to require eventual exponential nonnegativity are established. It is shown that these conditions are also sufficient for an upper triangular sign pattern to require eventual exponential nonnegativity and it is conjectured that these conditions are both necessary and sufficient for any sign pattern to require eventual exponential nonnegativity. It is also shown that the maximum number of negative entries in a sign pattern that requires eventual exponential nonnegativity is (n−1)(n−2)/2 + 2

Published
2015

27. Rainbow arithmetic progressions

Author

Leslie Hogben, Craig Erickson, Michael Young, Richard L. Kramer, Lucas Kramer, Derrick Stolee, Ryan Martin, Steve Butler, Jephian C.-H. Lin, Kirsten Hogenson, and Nathan Warnberg

Subjects
010102 general mathematics, Rainbow, 0102 computer and information sciences, 01 natural sciences, Expression (mathematics), Combinatorics, 05D10, 11B25, 11B30, 11B50, 11B75, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Rainbow coloring, Arithmetic progression, FOS: Mathematics, Van der Waerden's theorem, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Combinatorics (math.CO), 0101 mathematics, Arithmetic, Mathematics
Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the anti-Ramsey (more precisely, anti-van der Waerden) properties of arithmetic progressions. For positive integers $n$ and $k$, the expression $aw([n],k)$ denotes the smallest number of colors with which the integers $\{1,\ldots,n\}$ can be colored and still guarantee there is a rainbow arithmetic progression of length $k$. We establish that $aw([n],3)=\Theta(\log n)$ and $aw([n],k)=n^{1-o(1)}$ for $k\geq 4$. For positive integers $n$ and $k$, the expression $aw(Z_n,k)$ denotes the smallest number of colors with which elements of the cyclic group of order $n$ can be colored and still guarantee there is a rainbow arithmetic progression of length $k$. In this setting, arithmetic progressions can "wrap around," and $aw(Z_n,3)$ behaves quite differently from $aw([n],3)$, depending on the divisibility of $n$. As shown in [Jungi\'c et al., \textit{Combin. Probab. Comput.}, 2003], $aw(Z_{2^m},3) = 3$ for any positive integer $m$. We establish that $aw(Z_n,3)$ can be computed from knowledge of $aw(Z_p,3)$ for all of the prime factors $p$ of $n$. However, for $k\geq 4$, the behavior is similar to the previous case, that is, $aw(Z_n,k)=n^{1-o(1)}$., Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables

Published
2014
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28. How to Make an Accurate Three-Dimensional Model of Any Crystal from its Stereogram

Author

Lance Gerald Barthelmy and Rolfe Craig Erickson

Subjects
Position (vector), Face (geometry), Orientation (geometry), Line (geometry), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geometry, Radius, Edge (geometry), Constant (mathematics), Plot (graphics), Education, Mathematics
Abstract

To make an accurate three-dimensional model of any crystal, plot partial stereograms of one face from each form on the crystal and all the faces with which it shares edges. Rotate each partial stereogram until the chosen pole is on the W radius of the stereonet. Translate the desired pole to the east along the W radius to the center of the net, moving all other poles congruently along the small circles of the stereonet. Label the reoriented poles. For any edge, draw a zone circle containing the poles of the chosen face and its edge neighbor, and the zone pole line. The orientation of this zone pole line is also that of the common edge of the two faces, so an edge orientation line may be drawn parallel to it. Then, draw this edge line on the stereogram at a convenient position and repeat for all edges of the face. Next, arrange the edges to make a face of chosen shape and size and repeat for all faces, keeping common edges constant in length. Finally, transfer multiple copies of each face drawing to a rigi...

Published
2000

29. Producing an Accurate Crystal Drawing in Any Orientation From a Stereogram

Author

Rolfe Craig Erickson

Subjects
Crystal, Crystallography, Position (vector), Face (geometry), Orientation (geometry), Line (geometry), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Motion (geometry), Geometry, Radius, Edge (geometry), Geology, Education
Abstract

A wholly general method is presented to produce accurate drawings of any crystal in any orientation from a stereogram of the crystal. A standard stereogram is prepared with all faces plotted, and the desired viewpoint is marked. The stereogram is then rotated as necessary to place this mark on the W radius of the net. The stereogram is then held in position, and the viewpoint moved along the W radius to the center of the net. Concurrently, all face poles are moved along their small circles by the same number of degrees and with the same sense of motion as the viewpoint. The poles are now reoriented. Next, appropriate zone circles and their diameters are drawn. Each zone has a zone pole whose direction on the stereogram is parallel to the edges in the zone. A line parallel to this zone pole, called an edge line, is drawn from the net into the adjoining drawing area. Edge lines are drawn for each zone of the crystal, and the crystal drawing is then made by drawing necessary edges to outline faces.

Published
1998

30. Neural Science

Author

Evdokia Anagnostou, Deepali Mankad, Joshua Diehl, Catherine Lord, Sarah Butler, Andrea McDuffie, Lisa Shull, Kristen Ashbaugh, Robert L. Koegel, Fred R. Volkmar, Adam Naples, Rebecca Doggett, Stephen R. Hooper, Manuel Casanova, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kate McFadden, George M. Anderson, Abha R. Gupta, Nicholas M. DiLullo, Nancy J. Minshew, Karen Burner, Raphael Bernier, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Danielle Perszyk, A. Jeremy Willsey, Anna M. Krasno, Daniel Campbell, Louise Spear-Swerling, Emily S. Kuschner, Eugenia Corbett, Jacqueline A. Noonan, Yoshihiro Takeuchi, Marc J. Tassé, Matthew Grover, Megan Lyons, Katherine Tyson, Deborah Fein, Michael Berger, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Debra Dunn, and Madison Pilato

Published
2013

31. Tardive Dyskinesia

Author

Daniel Campbell, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Winifred Schultz-Krohn, Kristen M. Powers, Renee Watling, Christoph U. Correll, Stephanie Bendiske, Cathy Pratt, John Thomas, S. Michael Chapman, Danielle Geno, Ed Duncan, Giacomo Vivanti, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Aaron Stabel, Heather A. Henderson, Kim E Ono, Caley B Schwartz, Laudan B. Jahromi, Crystal I. Bryce, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Michele Goyette-Ewing, Aparna Nadig, Maura Moyle, Steven Long, Louise Spear-Swerling, Joy Fopiano, Anne Snow, Joanne Valdespino, Tara J. Glennon, Tiffany Hutchins, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Susan Hyman, Inge-Marie Eigsti, Coralie Chevallier, Paul A. Offit, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Lawrence David Scahill, Mark Groskreutz, Catherine E. Rice, Sarah Kuriakose, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Zoe Mailloux, Pasquale Accardo, Kimberly Kroeger-Geoppinger, Summer Ferreri, Vannesa T. Mueller, Michael Bloch, Geralyn Timler, Danielle Geno Kent, Rebecca DeAquair, Paul Wehman, Staci Carr, Anne Holmes, Ernst VanBergeijk, Victoria Shea, Bryce D. McLeod, Michael A. Southam-Gerow, Lillian Christon, Elizabeth Archer, Rodríguez Adriana, Whitney J. Detar, Eunice Feng, Adam Feinstein, Nicolette Bainbridge Brigham, Shaunessy Egan, Sarah Melchior, Fred R. Volkmar, Kyle Lanning, Martyna Smielewska, Jo Anne Nakagawa, Sarah Spence, Mustafa Sahin, and Paul El-Fishawy

Published
2013

32. Mania

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

33. NLGN2

Author

Evdokia Anagnostou, Deepali Mankad, Joshua Diehl, Catherine Lord, Sarah Butler, Andrea McDuffie, Lisa Shull, Kristen Ashbaugh, Robert L. Koegel, Fred R. Volkmar, Adam Naples, Rebecca Doggett, Stephen R. Hooper, Manuel Casanova, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kate McFadden, George M. Anderson, Abha R. Gupta, Nicholas M. DiLullo, Nancy J. Minshew, Karen Burner, Raphael Bernier, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Danielle Perszyk, A. Jeremy Willsey, Anna M. Krasno, Daniel Campbell, Louise Spear-Swerling, Emily S. Kuschner, Eugenia Corbett, Jacqueline A. Noonan, Yoshihiro Takeuchi, Marc J. Tassé, Matthew Grover, Megan Lyons, Katherine Tyson, Deborah Fein, Michael Berger, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Debra Dunn, and Madison Pilato

Published
2013

34. Manual Sign

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

35. Measles and Autism

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

36. Trust

Author

Daniel Campbell, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Winifred Schultz-Krohn, Kristen M. Powers, Renee Watling, Christoph U. Correll, Stephanie Bendiske, Cathy Pratt, John Thomas, S. Michael Chapman, Danielle Geno, Ed Duncan, Giacomo Vivanti, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Aaron Stabel, Heather A. Henderson, Kim E Ono, Caley B Schwartz, Laudan B. Jahromi, Crystal I. Bryce, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Michele Goyette-Ewing, Aparna Nadig, Maura Moyle, Steven Long, Louise Spear-Swerling, Joy Fopiano, Anne Snow, Joanne Valdespino, Tara J. Glennon, Tiffany Hutchins, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Susan Hyman, Inge-Marie Eigsti, Coralie Chevallier, Paul A. Offit, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Lawrence David Scahill, Mark Groskreutz, Catherine E. Rice, Sarah Kuriakose, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Zoe Mailloux, Pasquale Accardo, Kimberly Kroeger-Geoppinger, Summer Ferreri, Vannesa T. Mueller, Michael Bloch, Geralyn Timler, Danielle Geno Kent, Rebecca DeAquair, Paul Wehman, Staci Carr, Anne Holmes, Ernst VanBergeijk, Victoria Shea, Bryce D. McLeod, Michael A. Southam-Gerow, Lillian Christon, Elizabeth Archer, Rodríguez Adriana, Whitney J. Detar, Eunice Feng, Adam Feinstein, Nicolette Bainbridge Brigham, Shaunessy Egan, Sarah Melchior, Fred R. Volkmar, Kyle Lanning, Martyna Smielewska, Jo Anne Nakagawa, Sarah Spence, Mustafa Sahin, and Paul El-Fishawy

Published
2013

37. Train-and-Hope Strategy

Author

Daniel Campbell, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Winifred Schultz-Krohn, Kristen M. Powers, Renee Watling, Christoph U. Correll, Stephanie Bendiske, Cathy Pratt, John Thomas, S. Michael Chapman, Danielle Geno, Ed Duncan, Giacomo Vivanti, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Aaron Stabel, Heather A. Henderson, Kim E Ono, Caley B Schwartz, Laudan B. Jahromi, Crystal I. Bryce, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Michele Goyette-Ewing, Aparna Nadig, Maura Moyle, Steven Long, Louise Spear-Swerling, Joy Fopiano, Anne Snow, Joanne Valdespino, Tara J. Glennon, Tiffany Hutchins, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Susan Hyman, Inge-Marie Eigsti, Coralie Chevallier, Paul A. Offit, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Lawrence David Scahill, Mark Groskreutz, Catherine E. Rice, Sarah Kuriakose, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Zoe Mailloux, Pasquale Accardo, Kimberly Kroeger-Geoppinger, Summer Ferreri, Vannesa T. Mueller, Michael Bloch, Geralyn Timler, Danielle Geno Kent, Rebecca DeAquair, Paul Wehman, Staci Carr, Anne Holmes, Ernst VanBergeijk, Victoria Shea, Bryce D. McLeod, Michael A. Southam-Gerow, Lillian Christon, Elizabeth Archer, Rodríguez Adriana, Whitney J. Detar, Eunice Feng, Adam Feinstein, Nicolette Bainbridge Brigham, Shaunessy Egan, Sarah Melchior, Fred R. Volkmar, Kyle Lanning, Martyna Smielewska, Jo Anne Nakagawa, Sarah Spence, Mustafa Sahin, and Paul El-Fishawy

Published
2013

38. Mutual Gaze

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

39. Tactile Defensiveness and Discrimination Test-Revised

Author

Daniel Campbell, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Winifred Schultz-Krohn, Kristen M. Powers, Renee Watling, Christoph U. Correll, Stephanie Bendiske, Cathy Pratt, John Thomas, S. Michael Chapman, Danielle Geno, Ed Duncan, Giacomo Vivanti, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Aaron Stabel, Heather A. Henderson, Kim E Ono, Caley B Schwartz, Laudan B. Jahromi, Crystal I. Bryce, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Michele Goyette-Ewing, Aparna Nadig, Maura Moyle, Steven Long, Louise Spear-Swerling, Joy Fopiano, Anne Snow, Joanne Valdespino, Tara J. Glennon, Tiffany Hutchins, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Susan Hyman, Inge-Marie Eigsti, Coralie Chevallier, Paul A. Offit, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Lawrence David Scahill, Mark Groskreutz, Catherine E. Rice, Sarah Kuriakose, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Zoe Mailloux, Pasquale Accardo, Kimberly Kroeger-Geoppinger, Summer Ferreri, Vannesa T. Mueller, Michael Bloch, Geralyn Timler, Danielle Geno Kent, Rebecca DeAquair, Paul Wehman, Staci Carr, Anne Holmes, Ernst VanBergeijk, Victoria Shea, Bryce D. McLeod, Michael A. Southam-Gerow, Lillian Christon, Elizabeth Archer, Rodríguez Adriana, Whitney J. Detar, Eunice Feng, Adam Feinstein, Nicolette Bainbridge Brigham, Shaunessy Egan, Sarah Melchior, Fred R. Volkmar, Kyle Lanning, Martyna Smielewska, Jo Anne Nakagawa, Sarah Spence, Mustafa Sahin, and Paul El-Fishawy

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Audiology, Psychology, Discrimination testing
Published
2013

40. Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI-4)

Author

Daniel Campbell, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Winifred Schultz-Krohn, Kristen M. Powers, Renee Watling, Christoph U. Correll, Stephanie Bendiske, Cathy Pratt, John Thomas, S. Michael Chapman, Danielle Geno, Ed Duncan, Giacomo Vivanti, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Aaron Stabel, Heather A. Henderson, Kim E Ono, Caley B Schwartz, Laudan B. Jahromi, Crystal I. Bryce, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Michele Goyette-Ewing, Aparna Nadig, Maura Moyle, Steven Long, Louise Spear-Swerling, Joy Fopiano, Anne Snow, Joanne Valdespino, Tara J. Glennon, Tiffany Hutchins, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Susan Hyman, Inge-Marie Eigsti, Coralie Chevallier, Paul A. Offit, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Lawrence David Scahill, Mark Groskreutz, Catherine E. Rice, Sarah Kuriakose, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Zoe Mailloux, Pasquale Accardo, Kimberly Kroeger-Geoppinger, Summer Ferreri, Vannesa T. Mueller, Michael Bloch, Geralyn Timler, Danielle Geno Kent, Rebecca DeAquair, Paul Wehman, Staci Carr, Anne Holmes, Ernst VanBergeijk, Victoria Shea, Bryce D. McLeod, Michael A. Southam-Gerow, Lillian Christon, Elizabeth Archer, Rodríguez Adriana, Whitney J. Detar, Eunice Feng, Adam Feinstein, Nicolette Bainbridge Brigham, Shaunessy Egan, Sarah Melchior, Fred R. Volkmar, Kyle Lanning, Martyna Smielewska, Jo Anne Nakagawa, Sarah Spence, Mustafa Sahin, and Paul El-Fishawy

Published
2013

41. Memory Assessment

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

42. Maladaptive Behavior

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

43. Mental Retardation (Former Term)

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

44. Mitochondrial Deficits/Disorders

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

45. Midbrain Raphe Nuclei

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

46. Test of Written Language, Fourth Edition (TOWL-4)

Author

Daniel Campbell, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Winifred Schultz-Krohn, Kristen M. Powers, Renee Watling, Christoph U. Correll, Stephanie Bendiske, Cathy Pratt, John Thomas, S. Michael Chapman, Danielle Geno, Ed Duncan, Giacomo Vivanti, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Aaron Stabel, Heather A. Henderson, Kim E Ono, Caley B Schwartz, Laudan B. Jahromi, Crystal I. Bryce, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Michele Goyette-Ewing, Aparna Nadig, Maura Moyle, Steven Long, Louise Spear-Swerling, Joy Fopiano, Anne Snow, Joanne Valdespino, Tara J. Glennon, Tiffany Hutchins, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Susan Hyman, Inge-Marie Eigsti, Coralie Chevallier, Paul A. Offit, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Lawrence David Scahill, Mark Groskreutz, Catherine E. Rice, Sarah Kuriakose, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Zoe Mailloux, Pasquale Accardo, Kimberly Kroeger-Geoppinger, Summer Ferreri, Vannesa T. Mueller, Michael Bloch, Geralyn Timler, Danielle Geno Kent, Rebecca DeAquair, Paul Wehman, Staci Carr, Anne Holmes, Ernst VanBergeijk, Victoria Shea, Bryce D. McLeod, Michael A. Southam-Gerow, Lillian Christon, Elizabeth Archer, Rodríguez Adriana, Whitney J. Detar, Eunice Feng, Adam Feinstein, Nicolette Bainbridge Brigham, Shaunessy Egan, Sarah Melchior, Fred R. Volkmar, Kyle Lanning, Martyna Smielewska, Jo Anne Nakagawa, Sarah Spence, Mustafa Sahin, and Paul El-Fishawy

Published
2013

47. Nonsymbolic Communication

Author

Evdokia Anagnostou, Deepali Mankad, Joshua Diehl, Catherine Lord, Sarah Butler, Andrea McDuffie, Lisa Shull, Kristen Ashbaugh, Robert L. Koegel, Fred R. Volkmar, Adam Naples, Rebecca Doggett, Stephen R. Hooper, Manuel Casanova, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kate McFadden, George M. Anderson, Abha R. Gupta, Nicholas M. DiLullo, Nancy J. Minshew, Karen Burner, Raphael Bernier, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Danielle Perszyk, A. Jeremy Willsey, Anna M. Krasno, Daniel Campbell, Louise Spear-Swerling, Emily S. Kuschner, Eugenia Corbett, Jacqueline A. Noonan, Yoshihiro Takeuchi, Marc J. Tassé, Matthew Grover, Megan Lyons, Katherine Tyson, Deborah Fein, Michael Berger, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Debra Dunn, and Madison Pilato

Published
2013

48. Movement Assessment Battery for Children

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

49. MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MCDIs)

Author

Tiffany Hutchins, Giacomo Vivanti, Natasa Mateljevic, Roger J. Jou, Frederick Shic, Lauren Cornew, Timothy P. L. Roberts, Leona Oakes, Sarah A. O. Gray, Corey Ray-Subramanian, Dorothy Stubbe, Vannesa T. Mueller, Anjileen Singh, Cynthia Zierhut, Sally J. Rogers, Stephen Sulkes, Susan Wilczynski, Hanna C. Rue, Cheryl Smith Gabig, Paul A. Offit, Haleigh Scott, Susan M. Havercamp, Avery Voos, Alexander Westphal, Jessica L. Roesser, Mitrah E. Avini, Lawrence David Scahill, Diane M. Lickenbrock, Jill Boucher, Sebastian Gaigg, Dermot Bowler, Martine Solages, Jemma Grindstaff, Victoria Shea, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Miranda Farmer, Madison Pilato, Kelly Macy, Maura Moyle, Claire Plowgian, Itxaso Marti, Danielle Geno, Andrea McDuffie, Sarah Schoen, Lucy Miller, Marjorie Solomon, Susan Hyman, Ilan Dinstein, Marlene Behrman, Rizwan Parvez, Benjamin Aaronson, Raphael Bernier, Lindsey Kent, Michelle Lestrud, Fred R. Volkmar, Mieke Dereu, Pamela Brucker, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kristin Johnson, Lisa Edelson, Paul El-Fishawy, Manon H. J. Hillegers, Karen Aalst, Gianluca Esposito, Svend Erik Mouridsen, Lynn Koegel, Robert L. Koegel, Mi Na Park, Su Mei Lee, Casey Zampella, Loisa Bennetto, Ted Brown, Moira Lewis, Beau Reilly, Evon Batey Lee, Sarah Melchior, Lee Marcus, John D. Murdoch, Jan Van der Rutger Gaag, Stephan Sanders, Jinah Kim, Amanda C. Gulsrud, and Lindsey Capece

Published
2013

50. Naturalistic Interventions

Author

Evdokia Anagnostou, Deepali Mankad, Joshua Diehl, Catherine Lord, Sarah Butler, Andrea McDuffie, Lisa Shull, Kristen Ashbaugh, Robert L. Koegel, Fred R. Volkmar, Adam Naples, Rebecca Doggett, Stephen R. Hooper, Manuel Casanova, Ellen J. Hoffman, Kate McFadden, George M. Anderson, Abha R. Gupta, Nicholas M. DiLullo, Nancy J. Minshew, Karen Burner, Raphael Bernier, Kevin A. Pelphrey, Danielle Perszyk, A. Jeremy Willsey, Anna M. Krasno, Daniel Campbell, Louise Spear-Swerling, Emily S. Kuschner, Eugenia Corbett, Jacqueline A. Noonan, Yoshihiro Takeuchi, Marc J. Tassé, Matthew Grover, Megan Lyons, Katherine Tyson, Deborah Fein, Michael Berger, Maureen Early, Logan Wink, Craig Erickson, Christopher J. McDougle, Debra Dunn, and Madison Pilato

Published
2013

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