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3. Validated names for experimental studies on race and ethnicity

Author

Crabtree, Charles, Kim, Jae Yeon, Gaddis, S Michael, Holbein, John B, Guage, Cameron, and Marx, William W

Subjects
Economics, Applied Economics, Human Society, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Quality Education, Humans, Educational Status, Ethnicity, Income, Social Class, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States
Abstract

A large and fast-growing number of studies across the social sciences use experiments to better understand the role of race in human interactions, particularly in the American context. Researchers often use names to signal the race of individuals portrayed in these experiments. However, those names might also signal other attributes, such as socioeconomic status (e.g., education and income) and citizenship. If they do, researchers would benefit greatly from pre-tested names with data on perceptions of these attributes; such data would permit researchers to draw correct inferences about the causal effect of race in their experiments. In this paper, we provide the largest dataset of validated name perceptions to date based on three different surveys conducted in the United States. In total, our data include over 44,170 name evaluations from 4,026 respondents for 600 names. In addition to respondent perceptions of race, income, education, and citizenship from names, our data also include respondent characteristics. Our data will be broadly helpful for researchers conducting experiments on the manifold ways in which race shapes American life.

Published
2023

4. Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries

Author

Azevedo, Flavio, Pavlović, Tomislav, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Ay, F. Ceren, Gjoneska, Biljana, Etienne, Tom W., Ross, Robert M., Schönegger, Philipp, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Cian, Luca, Longoni, Chiara, Chan, Ho Fai, Van Bavel, Jay J., Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Agustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbres, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvée, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jorgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar Moreda, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomöki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, White, Katherine, Habib, Rishad, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., Boggio, Paulo S., and Sampaio, Waldir M.

Published
2023
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9. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Augustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., and Boggio, Paulo S.

Published
2022
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10. Author Correction: National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Van Bavel, Jay J., Cichocka, Aleksandra, Capraro, Valerio, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B., Pavlović, Tomislav, Alfano, Mark, Gelfand, Michele J., Azevedo, Flavio, Birtel, Michèle D., Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia L., Ross, Robert Malcolm, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba Nomvula, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky L., Crabtree, Charles David, Cunningham, William A., De, Koustav, Ejaz, Waqas, Elbaek, Christian T., Findor, Andrej, Flichtentrei, Daniel, Franc, Renata, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gruber, June, Gualda, Estrella, Horiuchi, Yusaku, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, Ibanez, Agustin, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Jasko, Katarzyna, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Krouwel, André, Laakasuo, Michael, Lamm, Claus, Leygue, Caroline, Lin, Ming-Jen, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, Marie, Antoine, Mayiwar, Lewend, Mazepus, Honorata, McHugh, Cillian, Minda, John Paul, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Olsson, Andreas, Otterbring, Tobias, Packer, Dominic J., Perry, Anat, Petersen, Michael Bang, Puthillam, Arathy, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C., Rothmund, Tobias, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Schmid, Petra C., Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, Tewari, Shruti, Todosijević, Bojan, Tsakiris, Manos, Tung, Hans H., Umbreș, Radu G., Vanags, Edmunds, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Vonasch, Andrew, Yucel, Meltem, Zhang, Yucheng, Abad, Mohcine, Adler, Eli, Akrawi, Narin, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, Amara, Hanane, Amodio, David M., Antazo, Benedict G., Apps, Matthew, Ay, F. Ceren, Ba, Mouhamadou Hady, Barbosa, Sergio, Bastian, Brock, Berg, Anton, Bernal-Zárate, Maria P., Bernstein, Michael, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Booth, Jonathan E., Borau, Sylvie, Buchel, Ondrej, Cameron, C. Daryl, Carvalho, Chrissie F., Celadin, Tatiana, Cerami, Chiara, Chalise, Hom Nath, Cheng, Xiaojun, Cian, Luca, Cockcroft, Kate, Conway, Jane, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo Andres, Crespi, Chiara, Crouzevialle, Marie, Cutler, Jo, Cypryańska, Marzena, Dabrowska, Justyna, Daniels, Michael A., Davis, Victoria H., Dayley, Pamala N., Delouvee, Sylvain, Denkovski, Ognjan, Dezecache, Guillaume, Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Diato, Alelie B., Di Paolo, Roberto, Drosinou, Marianna, Dulleck, Uwe, Ekmanis, Jānis, Ertan, Arhan S., Etienne, Tom W., Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, Farkhari, Fahima, Farmer, Harry, Fenwick, Ali, Fidanovski, Kristijan, Flew, Terry, Fraser, Shona, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, Fugelsang, Jonathan A., Gale, Jessica, Garcia-Navarro, E. Begoña, Garladinne, Prasad, Ghajjou, Oussama, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Gray, Kurt, Griffin, Siobhán M., Gronfeldt, Bjarki, Gümren, Mert, Gurung, Ranju Lama, Halperin, Eran, Harris, Elizabeth, Herzon, Volo, Hruška, Matej, Huang, Guanxiong, Hudecek, Matthias F. C., Isler, Ozan, Jangard, Simon, Jørgensen, Frederik J., Kachanoff, Frank, Kahn, John, Dangol, Apsara Katuwal, Keudel, Oleksandra, Koppel, Lina, Koverola, Mika, Kubin, Emily, Kunnari, Anton, Kutiyski, Yordan, Laguna, Oscar, Leota, Josh, Lermer, Eva, Levy, Jonathan, Levy, Neil, Li, Chunyun, Long, Elizabeth U., Longoni, Chiara, Maglić, Marina, McCashin, Darragh, Metcalf, Alexander L., Mikloušić, Igor, El Mimouni, Soulaimane, Miura, Asako, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, Monroy-Fonseca, César, Morales-Marente, Elena, Moreau, David, Muda, Rafał, Myer, Annalisa, Nash, Kyle, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nurse, Matthew S., Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, Oldemburgo de Mello, Victoria, O’Madagain, Cathal, Onderco, Michal, Palacios-Galvez, M. Soledad, Palomäki, Jussi, Pan, Yafeng, Papp, Zsófia, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlović, Zoran, Payán-Gómez, César, Perander, Silva, Pitman, Michael Mark, Prasad, Rajib, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, Rathje, Steve, Raza, Ali, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Rhee, Kasey, Robertson, Claire E., Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, Saikkonen, Teemu, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, Sampaio, Waldir M., Santi, Gaia C., Santiago-Tovar, Natalia, Savage, David, Scheffer, Julian A., Schönegger, Philipp, Schultner, David T., Schutte, Enid M., Scott, Andy, Sharma, Madhavi, Sharma, Pujan, Skali, Ahmed, Stadelmann, David, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, Stanojević, Dragan, Stefaniak, Anna, Sternisko, Anni, Stoica, Augustin, Stoyanova, Kristina K., Strickland, Brent, Sundvall, Jukka, Thomas, Jeffrey P., Tinghög, Gustav, Torgler, Benno, Traast, Iris J., Tucciarelli, Raffaele, Tyrala, Michael, Ungson, Nick D., Uysal, Mete S., Van Lange, Paul A. M., van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, van Rooy, Dirk, Västfjäll, Daniel, Verkoeijen, Peter, Vieira, Joana B., von Sikorski, Christian, Walker, Alexander Cameron, Watermeyer, Jennifer, Wetter, Erik, Whillans, Ashley, Willardt, Robin, Wohl, Michael J. A., Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, Wu, Kaidi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, Zwaan, Rolf A., and Boggio, Paulo S.

Published
2022
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11. Latent Estimation of GDP, GDP per capita, and Population from Historic and Contemporary Sources

Author

Fariss, Christopher J., Crabtree, Charles D., Anders, Therese, Jones, Zachary M., Linder, Fridolin J., and Markowitz, Jonathan N.

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

The concepts of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GDP per capita, and population are central to the study of political science and economics. However, a growing literature suggests that existing measures of these concepts contain considerable error or are based on overly simplistic modeling choices. We address these problems by creating a dynamic, three-dimensional latent trait model, which uses observed information about GDP, GDP per capita, and population to estimate posterior prediction intervals for each of these important concepts. By combining historical and contemporary sources of information, we are able to extend the temporal and spatial coverage of existing datasets for country-year units back to 1500 A.D through 2015 A.D. and, because the model makes use of multiple indicators of the underlying concepts, we are able to estimate the relative precision of the different country-year estimates. Overall, our latent variable model offers a principled method for incorporating information from different historic and contemporary data sources. It can be expanded or refined as researchers discover new or alternative sources of information about these concepts., Comment: Gross Domestic Product, population, GDP per capita, latent variables, measurement, construct validity

Published
2017

12. Democratic Erosion, Partisanship, and Election Observers: Evidence from a Survey Experiment.

Author

Curtice, Travis and Crabtree, Charles

Subjects
*UNITED States presidential election, 2020, *PUBLIC opinion, *ELECTION monitoring, *PARTISANSHIP, *ELECTIONS, *VOTING
Abstract

To what extent do voters support election observation missions (EOMs) monitoring their elections? Building on but departing from prior work, we argue that citizens' support for election observation missions likely depends on their partisanship. To test our argument, we conduct a survey experiment with a national sample of about 3, 500 Americans in the run-up to the 2020 United States presidential election. Respondents read an adapted news article about the deployment of common interventions in the upcoming election. To test our theoretical expectations, we randomize the partisan source endorsing the interventions. We find that respondents who self-identify as Democrats and Independents/Others are much less likely to support election observers when endorsed by Trump. In addition, Democrats are more likely to support election observers if they read that Biden approves of them. In contrast, Republicans are less likely to support an intervention if they read the same. Our results contribute to ongoing debates about how to promote and defend free elections in backsliding or democratizing countries and, more generally, to the literatures on election observation and public opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Americans do not select their doctors based on race

Author

Olinger, Reilly, primary, Matejka, Benjamin, additional, Chakravarty, Rohan, additional, Johnston, Margaret, additional, Ornelas, Eliana, additional, Draves, Julia, additional, Jain, Nishi, additional, Hentschel, Jane, additional, Owen, William, additional, Ma, Yuchuan, additional, Marx, William, additional, Freitag, Joshua, additional, Zhang, Nicholas, additional, Guage, Cameron, additional, and Crabtree, Charles, additional

Published
2024
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18. A cognitive-informed approach to 'sacrifice' in ancient Greece

Author

Crabtree, Charles Rawcliffe Airey, Bowden, Hugh, and Polinskaya, Irene

Subjects
938
Abstract

My thesis presents a significant new understanding of ‘sacrifice’ and demonstrates the applicability of a cognitive-informed approach. I begin by outlining my methodology and then discuss how 'sacrifice' has been approached by scholars up until the present day. I demonstrate the emergence of the term ‘sacrifice’ in a particular cultural milieu that is not reflective of ancient experience. I then address the issue of 'sacrifice' through the lens of the 'other', focusing specifically on Herodotus and the range of issues he does, or does not, show interest in when discussing 'barbarian' practices. I then continue to deconstruct the modern category of 'sacrifice' in my next two chapters, where I analyse the evidence for the main range of practices involving the ritual killing of animals as well as so-called 'bloodless offerings'. I demonstrate, for example, the way 'sacrifice' can be broken down into smaller elements, how difficult it is to draw simple lines between different kinds of ritual activity and how the same or similar elements are used in different contexts. I then dedicate a chapter in turn to my two main approaches: an approach based on sensory analysis and an approach based on cognitive ritual theories. These correspond to emic (insider) and etic (outsider/modern scholar) perspectives and are used to supplement each other's conclusions and mitigate each other's weaknesses. The emic perspective emphasises the largely conscious, culture-specific, sensory and purposeful whereas the etic approach highlights the mainly unconscious, cross-cultural and automatic. In both instances, however, the emphasis is on the experiential nature of 'sacrifice'. I show that ‘sacrifice' is far more complicated than has been generally understood and multiple interpretations are necessary, both traditional and cognitive. Although an appreciation of cognitive experience, emotion and sensory perception is necessary to explain ‘sacrifice’, these aspects have been largely neglected by modern scholars.

Published
2017

32. White candidate support continues amidst explicit and implicit white identity cues

Author

Long, Sean and Crabtree, Charles

Abstract

ABSTRACTTo what extent are appeals to pro-white sentiment effective in American politics? Does it matter if such appeals are implicit or explicit? We investigate the degree to which white Americans are less likely to vote for candidates that use explicit appeals to white identity than they are to those who use more implicit appeals to white identity or to out-group animus. In doing so, we provide a crucial supplement to recent work on this topic, which finds that the implicit/explicit model is becoming less relevant for whites, as well as to research on the increased relevance of white in-group attitudes for white voter behavior. To examine the effect of such white identity appeals, we conduct a survey experiment with a national sample of 2746 white Americans. We find that respondents accept both explicit and implicit white identity appeals at the same rate as out-group appeal. Additionally, we see evidence that those who identify strongly as white are more likely to support candidates who engage in racial messaging. Our findings have broad implications for our evolving understanding of racial appeals in American politics, as well as the role of white identity in contemporary political discourse.

Published
2024
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39. Why the Public Supports the Human Rights of Prisoners and Asylum Seekers: An Experimental Approach.

Author

Crabtree, Charles, Koo, Jeong-Woo, Murdie, Amanda, and Tsutsui, Kiyoteru

Subjects
*PUBLIC opinion, *PRISONERS' rights, *LEGAL status of political refugees, *HUMAN rights, *GOVERNMENT policy, *PUBLIC support
Abstract

What factors shape support for the human rights of prisoners and asylum seekers at the individual level? Although the human rights literature has expanded greatly in the last 30 years, comparatively little attention has been paid to (a) the many human rights outside of a very small set of physical or bodily integrity rights and (b) the role of public opinion. We build a theoretical model of various human rights as public opinion-related policy choices, developing the micro-foundations of public support for the human rights of vulnerable subpopulations. Drawing on the broader literature on public policy and international norms, we use experimental methods to test whether calls to rational effectiveness or international norm cascades improve support for the rights of prisoners and asylum seekers. Although we find baseline support for these rights in the United States and Canada, our findings also imply that rhetoric on the potential costs of human rights policy could reduce popular support, even when such policy is consistent with international norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. New evidence that naming and shaming influences state human rights practices.

Author

Zhou, Yuan, Kiyani, Ghashia, and Crabtree, Charles

Subjects
HUMAN rights, HUMAN rights organizations, HUMAN rights violations, NAMING rights
Abstract

To what extent does naming and shaming influence state respect for human rights? Although many countries and international human rights organizations strategically name and shame states with the hope of deterring human rights abuses, prior empirical work on these strategies has disagreed about their effectiveness. In this article, we reinvestigate this theoretically important question. We take a new approach to examining how naming and shaming influences state human rights practices. First, we apply automatic text analysis to a corpus of human rights reports and develop two new cross-national human rights naming and shaming measures. One measure focuses on Amnesty International's (AI's) naming and shaming efforts, and the other focuses on the US government. Second, we assess the construct validity of these measures, finding evidence that they capture the relevant latent dimension. Third, we examine the extent to which these measures are correlated with human rights practices. Our results show that whereas AI's naming and shaming activities do not seem to influence regime practices, the US State Department's are associated with improved rights performance. Our measures and results contribute to the growing literature on human rights, international organizations, and foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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44. Sexual Harassment in Japan: Willingness to Pay for Best Practices

Author

Crabtree, Charles, Tanaka, Seiki, Incerti, Trevor, Kage, Rieko, and Rosenbluth, Frances

Subjects
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

In a set of three companion surveys, we aim to uncover how workers, college students, and business managers in Japan view sexual harassment in the workplace. We take a wide view of sexual harassment, encompassing both overtly sexual behavior (sexually suggestive comments, touching, or physical assault) as well as behavior that is not particularly sexual but that discourage female workers, such as disparaging comments about women’s work or competence and/or the exclusion of female employees from firm-related activities.

Published
2022
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45. How do race- and gender-based frames affect support for multiracial candidates and political attitudes? Follow-up study

Author

Clayton, Katherine, Crabtree, Charles, and Horiuchi, Yusaku

Subjects
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

This project is a follow-up study to a project conducted in August of 2020 on the influence of race- and gender-based frames on support for multiracial candidates and political attitudes using the case of Vice President Kamala Harris.

Published
2022
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46. Public Responses to Politicians' Double Standards: The Case of Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Horiuchi, Yusaku, Crabtree, Charles, and Rhee, Kasey

Subjects
experiment, Epidemiology, Communication, Political Science, FOS: Political science, coronavirus, COVID-19, Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration, Social and Behavioral Sciences, double standard, Japan, political behavior, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion
Abstract

We estimate Japanese people's responses to the Japanese government's public messaging about social distancing during the novel coronavirus outbreak and how their receptiveness is attenuated by politicians’ double standard.

Published
2022
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