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Background: Chronic hand eczema is a fluctuating, inflammatory, pruritic, often painful disease of hands and wrists that strongly impacts quality of life and occupational capabilities of patients. The aim of phase 3 DELTA 1 and DELTA 2 was to assess the efficacy and safety of twice-daily applications of the topical pan-Janus kinase inhibitor delgocitinib cream 20 mg/g versus cream vehicle in adults with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema., Methods: Both trials were randomised, double-blinded, and vehicle-controlled, with DELTA 1 being conducted at 53 trial centres in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the UK and DELTA 2 at 50 trial centres in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. Adults (aged ≥18 years) with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema were randomly assigned 2:1 to twice-daily delgocitinib cream 20 mg/g or cream vehicle for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was Investigator's Global Assessment for Chronic Hand Eczema (IGA-CHE) treatment success at week 16, defined as IGA-CHE score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear, defined as only barely perceptible erythema). Efficacy and safety were assessed in all patients who were exposed to trial treatment. These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04871711 and NCT04872101., Findings: Between May 10, 2021, and Oct 31, 2022, 487 patients (181 male and 306 female) were enrolled in DELTA 1; between May 25, 2021, and Jan 6, 2023, 473 patients (161 male and 312 female) were enrolled in DELTA 2. 325 patients in DELTA 1 and 314 in DELTA 2 were assigned to delgocitinib cream; 162 patients in DELTA 1 and 159 in DELTA 2 were assigned to cream vehicle. At week 16, a greater proportion of delgocitinib-treated patients versus cream vehicle patients had IGA-CHE treatment success (64 [20%] of 325 vs 16 [10%] of 162 in DELTA 1 and 91 [29%] of 313 vs 11 [7%] of 159 in DELTA 2; both trials p≤0·0055). The proportion of patients who reported adverse events was similar with delgocitinib (147 [45%] of 325 in DELTA 1 and 143 [46%] of 313 in DELTA 2) and the cream vehicle (82 [51%] of 162 in DELTA 1 and 71 [45%] of 159 in DELTA 2). Most frequent adverse events occurring in at least 2% of patients were similar in both treatment groups and included COVID-19 and nasopharyngitis., Interpretation: Overall, delgocitinib cream showed superior efficacy versus cream vehicle and was well tolerated over 16 weeks. These results support the clinical benefit of delgocitinib cream as a potential treatment option for patients with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema, who are unable to adequately control their disease with basic skin care practices and topical corticosteroids., Funding: LEO Pharma., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests RB is an advisory board member, consultant, speaker, or investigator for and receives honoraria or grants from AbbVie, Amgen, Apogee, Arcutis, Asana BioSciences, Bellus Health, BioMimetix, Bluefin Biomedicine, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston, CARA Therapeutic, Clexio, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Escient, Evidera, Fresh Tracks (Brickell), Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Inmagene Bio, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Opsidio, Pfizer, RAPT Therapeutic, Regeneron, Sanofi, Target RWE, Vyne Therapeutics, and Xencor. RB is also an employee and shareholder of Innovaderm Research. RBW has received research grants or consulting fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arena, Astellas, Avillion, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, DiCE, GSK, Janssen, Lilly, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, UCB, and UNION. AP has served as an investigator, speaker, or advisor for AbbVie, Almirall-Hermal, Amgen, Biogen Idec, Biontec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Celltrion, GSK, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Hexal, Janssen, LEO Pharma, MC2, Medac, Merck Serono, Mitsubishi, MSD, Novartis, Pascoe, Pfizer, Tigercat Pharma, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Genzyme, Schering-Plough, UCB Pharma, and Zuellig Pharma. TA has given lectures, participated in clinical trials, or been on advisory boards for Sanofi, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Galderma, and AbbVie. MG has been an investigator, speaker, or advisor for AbbVie, Acelyrin, Amgen, Akros, Arcutis, Aristea, AnaptysBio, Apogee, Bausch Health, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Dermira, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, Incyte, InMagene, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, MedImmune, Meiji, Merck, Moonlake, Nimbus, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Tarsus, Takeda, UCB, Union, and Ventyx. MLAS has been a consultant, advisory board member, investigator, or speaker for Sanofi Genzyme, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, Galderma, AbbVie, Novartis, and Amgen. M-NC is a consultant, advisory board member, investigator, or speaker for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi Genzyme. LS has been principal investigator in clinical trials sponsored by or has received personal fees for participation in advisory boards from AbbVie, Amgen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Sanofi, outside the submitted work. ES-B has served as an investigator or speaker or advisor for AbbVie, Almirall-Hermal, Lilly, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi, Novartis, and Galderma. KB, MK, and UP are employees of LEO Pharma. SK and NSV were employees of LEO Pharma. SS is or has been a consultant, advisory board member, investigator, or speaker for LEO Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis Pharma, Lilly Pharma, and AbbVie. All investigators had confidentiality agreements with the sponsor., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Patch testing is the only clinically applicable diagnostic method for Type IV allergy. The availability of Type IV patch test (PT) allergens in Europe, however, is currently scarce. This severely compromises adequate diagnostics of contact allergy, leading to serious consequences for the affected patients. Against this background, the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD) has created a task force (TF) (i) to explore the current availability of PT substances in different member states, (ii) to highlight some of the unique characteristics of Type IV vs. other allergens and (iii) to suggest ways forward to promote and ensure availability of high-quality patch testing substances for the diagnosis of Type IV allergies throughout Europe. The suggestions of the TF on how to improve the availability of PT allergens are supported by the ESCD, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology and intend to provide potential means to resolve the present medical crisis., (© 2024 The Authors. Contact Dermatitis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The impact of chronic urticaria on work has been scarcely reported, whereas its peak incidence is between the ages of 20 and 40. The aim of this study was to assess the occupational impact of chronic urticaria and its treatment, by combining objective and patient-reported data. A monocentric observational study was performed using questionnaires over a 1-year period from 2021 to 2022 in chronic urticaria patients who were in a period of professional activity and agreed to participate. Of the 88 patients included, 55.7% assessed the occupational impact of their chronic urticaria as significant, and even more severe when chronic urticaria was poorly controlled. Some 86% of patients had symptoms at work, in a third of cases aggravated by work. However, occupational physical factors were not associated with an aggravation of inducible chronic urticaria. A total of 20% reported treatment-related adverse effects affecting their work. Despite low absenteeism, presenteeism and reduced productivity were important (> 20%). Six patients (6.8%) had difficulties keeping their work. For 72.7% of the patients, the occupational physician was not informed. The occupational impact of chronic urticaria should be discussed during consultations, particularly when it is insufficiently controlled. The occupational physician should be informed in order to support patients' professional project.

Background: Limited and conflicting data have been reported on the impact of dupilumab (DUPI) on patch test (PT) results and its efficacy against allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)., Objective: This study was undertaken to analyze PT reactivities and relevance during treatment with DUPI to determine whether they could detect ACD in patients with uncontrolled or worsened atopic dermatitis (AD) who were receiving this agent., Methods: This prospective, multicenter study examined 76 DUPI-treated patients who had undergone PTs. The relevant information was collected during 3 visits., Results: Overall, 36 patients (47%) had ≥1 positive PT reaction, and 142 PT results were positive. Twenty-three patients (30%) had ≥1 positive and clinically relevant PT result. Five of them had clinical eczema improvement after allergen avoidance. We compared the PT results of 36 patients before and during DUPI therapy, representing 1230 paired PT allergens, of which 1022 were the same, 34 were positive, 44 were lost, and 130 were uninterpretable., Limitations: Because the number of patients included remains limited, our findings should be confirmed with a larger sample., Conclusion: Our results confirmed the usefulness of PTs for patients receiving DUPI, with good PT reproducibility. We suggest that all DUPI-treated patients with AD developing partial responses or experiencing symptom worsening should undergo PTs to look for contact sensitization., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest Author Soria has received honoraria for advisory boards from Sanofi and was a speaker at a meeting organized by Sanofi. Dr Raison-Peyron has received honoraria for personal fees from Sanofi. Dr Badaoui has received honoraria for conferences and for advisory boards from Sanofi. Dr Marcant was a speaker at a meeting organized by Sanofi. Dr Bara has received honoraria for expert for a round table by Sanofi. Dr Giordano-Labadie has received honoraria for advisory boards from Sanofi. Dr Amsler has received honoraria for conferences and was a speaker at a meeting organized by Sanofi. Dr Delaunay has received honoraria for advisory boards from Sanofi. Dr Pralong has received honoraria for advisory boards from Sanofi. Dr Boulard was a speaker at a meeting organized by Sanofi and has received honoraria for advisory boards, study from Sanofi. Dr Ferrier Le Bouedec has received honoraria for expert for a round table by Sanofi. Author Tauber has received honoraria from Sanofi. Dr Pasteur has received honoraria for advisory boards from Sanofi and speaker at scientific meetings by Sanofi. Dr Valois has received honoraria for advisory boards from Sanofi and was a speaker at a meeting organized by Sanofi. Dr Crépy reports being an investigator, a consultant, and a speaker for Sanofi. Dr Bernier has received honoraria for advisory boards from Sanofi., (Copyright © 2023 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis to gloves is mostly induced by rubber accelerators. The European baseline series (EBS) appears insufficient to detect glove allergy. Since 2017, it is recommended to use the European rubber series (ERS) and to test the patients' own gloves., Objectives: To investigate the clinical profile of glove-wearing patients with hand eczema (HE) and to evaluate their sensitisation profile to glove allergens and the value of testing the patients' own gloves., Methods: We conducted a French multicentre study of patients evaluated for HE between 2018 and 2020 and tested with the EBS, the ERS and their own gloves in patch tests and semi-open (SO) tests., Results: A total of 279 patients were included; 32.6% of patients had positive tests to their own gloves or to glove allergens. Almost 45% of the sensitisations to glove allergens were detected only by the ERS. Among the patients tested both in patch tests and SO tests with their own gloves with positive results, 28% had positive SO tests only. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) gloves were positive in four patients., Conclusion: Our series confirms the need to test the ERS. All the patients' gloves must also be tested including PVC gloves. SO tests with gloves are useful as a complement to patch tests., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Dupilumab is a therapeutic antibody targeting IL-4 and IL-13 receptor subunit alpha used for the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Cases of psoriasis-like reactions induced under dupilumab treatment (dupilumab-induced psoriatic eruption [DI-Pso]) for AD were recently reported. To understand the pathogenesis of DI-Pso, we performed gene expression profiling studies on skin biopsies of DI-Pso (n = 7) compared with those of plaque psoriasis, AD, and healthy controls (n = 4 each). Differential gene expression was performed using enrichment and Gene Ontology analysis. Gene expression was validated by qPCR, and protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Transcriptomic and protein analysis of DI-Pso compared with that of healthy controls, plaque psoriasis, and AD skins revealed activation of T helper 17/IL-23 pathways associated with a significant expression of IL-36, surrogate marker of pustular psoriasis. By contrast, T helper 2 representative genes' expression was strongly decreased in DI-Pso across comparison. Matching analysis with public data of pustular psoriasis skin corroborated that DI-Pso and pustular psoriasis upstream regulators overlap, greater than the overlap with plaque psoriasis. Furthermore, DI-Pso showed strongly decreased expression of many barrier skin genes compared with healthy controls, plaque psoriasis, and AD. Our data indicate that the pathogenesis of DI-Pso relied on a shift of skin immune responses from a T helper 2 to an IL-36 and T helper 17 polarization and on intensified skin barrier alterations., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Few cases of skin diseases caused by exposure to artichokes have been published. Artichokes contain sesquiterpene lactones, which are known to be sensitizing. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) has also been diagnosed. To our knowledge, no protein contact dermatitis (PCD) has yet been reported to be induced by artichoke. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the different types of contact dermatitis that may be due to occupational exposure to artichokes and the professions concerned. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive study, retrieving data from the French national database of occupational diseases for the period of 2001 to 2018. Results: Fifty-six cases were retrieved, and 10 cases were included in this study after data analysis and reading the clinical reports: 7 allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), 2 PCD, and 1 ICD caused by artichokes. Patients were farmers (4), agri-food workers (3), market gardener (1), cashier (1), and store employee (1). Conclusions: This is the first series of occupational contact dermatitis that can be induced by artichokes. Exposure to artichokes can lead to ICD, ACD, PCD, and perhaps contact urticaria. The sesquiterpene lactone mix patch test is not always sufficient to confirm an ACD by artichokes. Irritant contact dermatitis can be associated with ACD from artichokes or evolve on its own.

Background and Objectives: The repeated open application test (ROAT) is an adjuvant investigation measure to patch testing in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. ESCD recommends a 15 days duration but its overall duration varies according to publications and patients hardly adhere to prolonged ROAT duration beyond 1 week., Materials and Methods: The Dermatology and Allergy Group of the French Society of Dermatology performed a prospective study with the aim of determining the best duration for the ROAT., Results: A total of 328 ROAT results were collected for topical products, including cosmetics (60%) and topical medications (31.1%). Fifty-nine (18%) ROATs were positive, and 16 (5%) were doubtful. All the positive ROATs occurred within 10 days, with a median time to positivity of 3 days., Conclusion: According to our results, a minimum duration of 10 days is necessary to achieve a positive ROAT to a topical product., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Hand eczema is a common inflammatory skin disorder. Health care providers need continuously updated information about the management of hand eczema to ensure best treatment for their patients., Objectives: To update the European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment on of hand eczema., Method: The Guideline Development Group (GDG) was established on behalf of the ESCD. A call for interest was launched via the ESCD website and via the ESCD members' mailing list. Appraisal of the evidence for therapeutic and preventive interventions was applied and a structured method of developing consensus was used and moderated by an external methodologist. The final guideline was approved by the ESCD executive committee and was in external review on the ESCD webpage for 1 month., Results: Consensus was achieved for several statements and management strategies., Conclusion: The updated guideline should improve management of hand eczema., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: To our knowledge, an international consensus is lacking regarding the development of an adequate informed consent form for a patch test (PT) and the information that should be included in such document., Objectives: The aim of the study was to reach a consensus on the specific points that need to be addressed in a PT consent form., Methods: A Delphi survey, comprising 2 rounds and 1 final discussion, was used to gather and analyse data, which was conducted over the Internet. Each statement that reached a consensus with the respondents (9 expert dermatologists from Europe) was defined as a median consensus score (MED) of ≥7 and agreement among panelists as an interquartile range (IQR) of ≤3. All study participants were members of the EADV task force on contact dermatitis., Results: The expert panel addressed several topics that should be included in an informed consent form for a PT: introduction, preparation for PT, testing procedure, allowed activities, adverse events and additional authorizations., Conclusions: Our results assess recommendations regarding points to be contained in an informed consent form for a PR. Future actions towards standardization and harmonization of this specific consent form are needed., (© 2021 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)

Background: There is currently no agreed cosmetic series for use across Europe., Objectives: To establish allergens currently tested in local and national cosmetic series., Method: Members of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy and the European Cooperation in Science and Technology project TD1206 ("StanDerm") were surveyed to establish their current practice., Results: A wide range of allergens was tested but there was significant variation between centres on the allergens considered to be important in screening for allergy to cosmetics. The number of allergens tested in addition to the baseline series varied between 2 and 50., Conclusions: There is a need for further investigation to establish the frequency and relevance of reactions to cosmetic allergens to enable an agreed evidence-based cosmetic series to be produced. Criteria for inclusion need to be established., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Assessment of the clinical relevance of patch test reactions is an essential part of the diagnostic work-up of patients with (occupational) contact dermatitis. However, final diagnostic information, particularly the clinical relevance of allergic patch test reactions, has hitherto been ill-represented in clinical documentation systems (patch test software) and surveillance registries based on these., Objectives: To develop, implement as a pilot study, and analyse concerning feasibility and contents a new concept of representing the full scope of diagnostic information utilized in the diagnosis of patients with (occupational) contact dermatitis., Methods: On the basis of a European working group discussion on items to document and catalogue lists to use for this purpose, an online documentation system to collect data was set up, followed by pilot use involving 9 dermatology departments across Europe., Results: Data on 176 patients with suspected occupational hand dermatitis were included; among these, work-relatedness was confirmed in 150, and in 53 non-occupational aetiology was the sole or a contributory cause. Data were further analysed with regard to occupations, product categories, substances (haptens), source of information on which the evaluation was based, and various combinations of these factors, to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed data representation., Conclusions: An improved method of data collection is presented that more accurately links allergen to exposure and to clinical disease and patient history, and thus better represents clinical relevance. This enables more precise analysis of the causation of contact dermatitis, occupational or non-occupational, and thereby better targeting of prevention. The development of future databases should incorporate the above considerations to record the results of investigation., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Irritant exposure may be a contributory cause or the sole cause of (occupational) hand dermatitis. However, the documentation of irritant exposures in clinical practice is not standardized., Objectives: To examine the feasibility and usefulness of a form with different items addressing both occupational and non-occupational irritant exposures in a semiquantitative way., Methods: Between May 2016 and May 2017, successive patients with work-related hand dermatitis, irrespective of aetiology, were examined in 9 specialized European departments. Department-specific investigation was supplemented with the above proforma. The results were recorded by use of an anonymized secured online documentation system in a pilot study., Results: Altogether, 193 patients were included; 114 females and 79 males, with a mean age of 40 years (range 18-68 years). The most common occupational group comprised healthcare workers (n = 35); occupational exposure of the hands to gloves, dusts and water without detergents of >2 hours/day was seen in 54.5%, 24.4% and 24.3% of patients, respectively. Non-occupational exposures rarely exceeded 2 hours/day., Conclusions: It is hoped that the set of descriptors will offer a basis for (clinical) epidemiological studies assessing the role of irritant exposures in occupational hand dermatitis, and to support a high level of quality and consistency in daily patient care., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by paints containing isothiazolinones has been recognized as a health hazard., Objectives: To collect epidemiological, clinical and patch test data on airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by isothiazolinone-containing paints in France and Belgium., Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was initiated by the Dermatology and Allergy Group of the French Society of Dermatology, including methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI)- and/or MI-sensitized patients who developed airborne allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to isothiazolinone-containing paint., Results: Forty-four cases were identified, with mostly non-occupational exposure (79.5%). Of the patients, 22.5% of also had mucosal symptoms. In several cases, the dermatitis required systemic corticosteroids (27.3%), hospitalization (9.1%), and/or sick leave (20.5%). A median delay of 5.5 weeks was necessary to enable patients to enter a freshly painted room without a flare-up of their dermatitis. Approximately one-fifth of the patients knew that they were allergic to MI and/or MCI/MI before the exposure to paints occurred., Conclusion: Our series confirms that airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by paints containing isothiazolinones is not rare, and may be severe and long-lasting. Better regulation of isothiazolinone concentrations in paints, and their adequate labelling, is urgently needed., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Rubber additives constitute an important group of contact allergens, particularly in certain occupations., Objectives: To collect information regarding the current practice of using a 'rubber series' in Europe, and discuss this against the background of evidence concerning the prevalence of allergy in order to derive a recommendation for a 'European rubber series'., Methods: The following were performed: (i) a survey targeting all members of the COST action 'StanDerm' consortium, (ii) analysis of rubber contact allergy data in the database of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies, and (iii) a literature review., Results: Information from 13 countries was available, from one or several departments of dermatology, and occasionally occupational health. Apart from some substances tested only in single departments, a broad overlap regarding important allergens was evident, but considerable variation existed between departments., Conclusions: An up-to-date 'European rubber series' is recommended, with the exclusion of substances only of historical concern. A 'supplementary rubber series' containing allergens of less proven importance, requiring further analysis, is recommended for departments specializing in occupational contact allergy. These should be continually updated as new evidence emerges., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Occupational contact urticaria (OCU) is an occupational contact dermatitis that can cause serious health consequences and disability at work., Objectives: To describe OCU and its temporal trends by the main causal agents and activity sectors in a nationwide scheme in France., Methods: Using data from the French National Network for Occupational Disease Vigilance and Prevention (RNV3P), we described OCU reported during the period 2001-10 and analysed the temporal trends of OCU and OCU attributed to the most frequent agents over the study period. Trends analyses were supported by reporting odds ratios using a logistic regression model with reference to 2001, or with time as a continuous variable., Results: During the study period, 251 cases of OCU were reported in RNV3P, half of which were due to natural rubber latex, in particular in the health and social work activity sector (HSW). The number of these cases declined significantly over the study period (19% per year), and particularly after 2006. Conversely, the other causes of OCU did not decrease., Conclusions: Using surveillance data from a French national network, this study has found that there was a significant decline in OCU due to natural rubber latex, particularly in the HSW, when powdered latex gloves were banned from French hospitals. Our results show the effectiveness of this preventive measure, and suggest that this practice should be extended to other sectors., (© 2015 British Association of Dermatologists.)

Instrumental musicians are a risk group for skin diseases. A systematic review was performed on Pubmed database and in the musical literature. Most publications on dermatoses in musicians are case reports. The exact prevalence of skin diseases in musicians is unknown but high rates have been reported. The most at-risk musicians are percussionists, string and wind instrumentalists. Repeated physical trauma is a frequent cause of skin conditions in musicians (callosities, fiddler's neck syndrome…). The allergens most often reported in musicians' allergic contact dermatitis are metals (nickel, dichromate), exotic woods and cane reed components, colophony and propolis. The key preventive measures are early management of the skin disease, specific tests and avoidance of the causative allergens, together with better adjustment of playing techniques to reduce trauma.

Background: Occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) is one of the most common occupational skin diseases in developed countries, but data about its temporal trends in incidence remain sparse., Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe OACD trends in terms of industrial activities and main causal agents in France over the period 2001-2010., Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the French National Network of Occupational Disease Vigilance and Prevention (RNV3P, Réseau National de Vigilance et de Prévention des Pathologies Professionnelles). All OACD considered probably or certainly associated with an occupational exposure were included in the study. Trends were examined (i) on annual crude numbers of OACD and (ii) on reported odds ratios of OACD calculated using logistic regression models., Results: Overall, 3738 cases of OACD were reported and the mean age of OACD cases was 35 years, 52% being women. The most frequent occupations were hairdressers, health care workers, cleaning staff and masons. The total number of OACD cases remained stable over the study period, but increases in OACD related to isothiazolinones (P = 0·002), epoxy resins (P = 0·012) and fragrances (P = 0·005) were observed. Conversely, decreases were noted for cement compounds (P = 0·002) and plant products (P = 0·031). These trends highlight specific sectors and exposures at risk of OACD., Conclusions: Trends in OACD depend on the nature of exposure. Observed decreases were consistent with prevention measures taken during the study period, and the increases observed serve to highlight those areas where preventative efforts need to be made to reduce skin allergies in the workplace., (© 2014 British Association of Dermatologists.)

Hand dermatitis (HD) is usually due to a combination of various interacting factors. It involves significant impairment of the quality of life with psychological and socioeconomic impact. A therapeutic education program in HD.was elaborated by 19 health professionals (dermatologists, occupational clinical physicians, nurses, psychologists, environmental medical advisor) with experience in therapeutic education or skills in HD, according to the recommendations of Haute Autorité de Santé. The program includes an individual medical consultation to perform educational diagnostic, two collective workshops and a medical evaluation consult. Two group workshops "the disease, irritant factors and its treatments" and "the experiences and feelings" were elaborated with learning objectives and educative tools. Different scores were proposed to evaluate the program and acquired skills. Therapeutic education is an efficient way to help patients to adopt skin protection measures essential to healing. We propose a guideline of therapeutic education in HD including skills and educative tools and intended for health professionals to serve as working basis., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Contact dermatitis--irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis and protein contact dermatitis--are the most common occupational skin diseases, most often localized to the hands. Contact urticaria is rarer The main occupational irritants are wet work, detergents and disinfectants, cutting oils, and solvents. The main occupational allergens are rubber additives, metals (chromium, nickel, cobalt), plastics (epoxy resins, acrylic), biocides and plants. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, medical history and allergy testing. For a number of irritating or sensitizing agents, irritant or allergic dermatitis can be notified as occupational diseases. The two main prevention measures are reducing skin contact with irritants and complete avoidance of skin contact with offending allergens.

Background: Limited epidemiological data are available in France for occupational contact dermatitis (OCD), a non- infectious inflammatory skin condition arising from direct skin contact with substances used in the workplace., Objective: To estimate the occurrence of, and number of workdays lost to, OCD in France., Methods: Descriptive study of all OCD declared by salaried workers and recognised as occupational disease in France over a 4-year period., Results: 10,582 OCD cases were reported, representing 9.6% of all occupational diseases recognised. The estimated annual incidence of OCD recognised was 15.72/100,000 salaried workers (i.e. 146.87/100,000 employees for all occupational diseases). OCD cases were mainly in the construction and public works industries with 3,057 (36.7%) salaried workers affected. In the services sector, OCD predominantly affected employees aged less than 30 years (41%), particularly hairdressers (69%). OCD accounted for the loss of 395,069 working days., Conclusion: OCD represents a significant public health problem in France, particularly for construction workers and hairdressers., (Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.)