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In order to characterize morphologically the creole pig population from the Colombian Pacific region, a random sample of 83 pigs over 8 months of age from Choco, Cauca y Narino was obtained. In the Pacific of Valle del Cauca creole pigs were not found. Using tools like hipometer, metric tape and compass, and with direct observation, 14 morphological measurements, five zoometric indices and 10 qualitative variables were determined. Creole pigs from Narino showed higher values in 11 of 14 variables were obtained. Morphological measurements and zoometric indices were analyzed with descriptive statistic and analysis of variance, and with quantitative variables, a principal component analysis was made. Qualitative variables were analyzed by frequencies. A canonical discriminant analysis for cuantitative and qualitative variables was made. Choco creole pigs are brevilineal, Narino creole pigs are mesolineal and Cauca creole pigs are longuilineal. In Choco are dolichocephalic and dominates the heights off the body length. In Cauca and Narino are mesocephalic and body form is similar to a rectangle. Qualitatively subconcavilineal profile, the cloven hoof, an average of 12 nipples and celtic ear were dominant, although in Cauca was presented in the same proportion as the Iberian type. The coat color in pigs of Choco was mostly black, in Cauca blond with black spots and Narino black piebaldism predominated. Two distinct groups was determined: one corresponding to creole pigs from afro descendant communities of Choco, living in warm weather conditions, rainy intertropical and another consisting of creole pigs of indigenous communities of Cauca and Narino, linving in proximity to the mountains, in temperate and cold climate, which shows a clear morphological adaptation of the climatic environment the region where are the animals.

We morphologically characterized the creole pig of the Guamote canton located 44 km from the city Riobamba, belonging to the province of Chimborazo. The investigation lasted for 60 days, during which a descriptive methodology for the morphological characterization was performed in a population sample of 72 animals, measuring a 14 zoometric and seven phaneroptical variables. Additionally, seven proportional zoom indexes of male and female pigs over six months of age. Avcerages for the zoometric measurements of the Creole pigs of the Guamote canton were; LK 24.64 cm; LC 15.11 cm; AK 14.77cm; AO 15.71 cm; LO 19.56 cm; AC 59.54 cm; AG 65.92 cm; DL 81.61; SDD 31.40 cm; DB 26.94 cm; ANG 25.02 cm; LG 25.85 cm; PT 91.24 cm; PC 16.91 cm; and PV 59.61 kg. According to the panoptical variables and zoometric indexes, it is concluded that the Creole pig belonging to the Guamote canton is an animal with characteristics similar to the Iberian pig of the Gabana variety with a completely black coat without spots, dark mucous membranes, long and abundant hair, in profile sub-concave, dolichocephalic in which the length of its face predominates over the width, good depth of chest which determines its functionality and rusticity, with a rump of curved lines very good for reproduction, eumetrics or medium-sized with no lamellas and syndactyly, which is why it is recommended to guarantee the conservation of Creole pigs in the Guamote canton, since it constitutes a zoogenetic resource of great importance through the generation of genetic nuclei in the area, thus allowing new generations to inherit the great wealth and diversity of the genetic resources existing in Ecuador.

Domestic pig breeds reached America on the second Columbus trip, from this date, Iberian pig genetic resources were disseminated throughout the continent, forming diverse creole breeds. These Ecuadorian Creole pigs are important for food production but have been genetically eroded since the introduction of transboundary breeds. In this study, we sought to characterize this erosion more thoroughly through mitochondrial DNA D-Loop analysis of Ecuadorian Pillareño Creole pigs from seven regions of Ecuador. To allow comparison, we also included in our analysis sequences from wild species, commercial lines, and domestic pigs, which were obtained from the NCBI GenBank database. Creole pigs’ population showed overall moderate Hd values and low π values, and a negative value of Tajima’s D was observed. The greatest differentiation from the Ecuadorian Pillareño Creole pigs was observed between Asian wild and Asian domestic pigs. The haplotype analysis revealed three different phylogenetic clades (A, E I, and E II) and 65 haplotypes. Ecuadorian Creole populations were grouped into nine haplotypes for Clade E I and E II, which have not previously been reported for Creole Pillareño populations. Our analysis indicates that in the establishment of Creole Pillareño pigs, individuals most likely separated from the Asian pig population and appear to be genetically influenced by European and Iberian populations raised in Spain.

Simple Summary The Jipijapa region in the south of Manabí Province has the maximum contribution to the pig market in Ecuador. In this region, backyard pig production is important for the economy of the small family units. The main objective of this paper was to characterize the traditional systems of Jipijapa’s small-scale pig producers and determine the farm categories according to the current characteristics of those systems for the implementation of the aid policy in the country. The study identified differences between the seven communities studied for social, productive, and local resource variables. Five types of farms were identified by multifactorial and hierarchic cluster analyses. The aspects that most contributed to the differences between those types of farms were the location, the age, the agricultural activities, the participation of women as owners of farms, the use of indigenous resources in construction, the genetics of the animals, and the food sources used. We determined that the rearing of pigs by small pig farmers of the Jipijapa region is, fundamentally, a social activity and is linked to the crops of each area. Abstract To characterize the traditional systems of small pig producers in Jipijapa (Manabí, Ecuador) and to classify farms into representative categories, we interviewed fifty-five farmers from seven communities considering four dimensions: social, organizational, production methods, and local food resources. Multiple correspondence analyses and hierarchical clusters were carried out using the Ward method. The analysis differentiated communities based on social, productive, and local resource variables, showing three factors that accounted for 85.3% of the total variance: the socioeconomic dimension, related to the welfare of families, explained 34.4% of the variation, the care provided to animals explained 30.9%, and the management practices for the supply of food explained 20%. We identified five clusters that shared common characteristics: Group 1 included farmers from Albajacal, wage workers, and Creole pig breeders, Group 2 included farmers raising pigs under lockdown conditions, Group 3 typified traditional farms from the La Cuesta community, Group 4 included landowners, and Group 5 included professionalized farmers in Colón Alfaro. We also studied the supplied alternative food formulations made up of crop surpluses. The role of small pig farmers is a social activity linked to the location, the crops of each area, and the specific practices for the care of animals.

Analysing pig class II mayor histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is mainly related to antigen presentation. Identifying frequently-occurring alleles in pig populations is an important aspect to be considered when developing peptide-based vaccines. Colombian creole pig populations have had to adapt to local conditions since entering Colombia; a recent census has shown low amounts of pigs which is why they are considered protected by the Colombian government. Commercial hybrids are more attractive regarding production. This research has been aimed at describing the allele distribution of Colombian pigs from diverse genetic backgrounds and comparing Colombian SLA-DRB1 locus diversity to that of internationally reported populations. Twenty SLA-DRB1 alleles were identified in the six populations analysed here using sequence-based typing. The amount of alleles ranged from six (Manta and Casco Mula) to nine (San Pedreño). Only one allele (01:02) having > 5% frequency was shared by all three commercial line populations. Allele 02:01:01 was shared by five populations (around > 5% frequency). Global FST indicated that pig populations were clearly structured, as 20.6% of total allele frequency variation was explained by differences between populations (FST = 0.206). This study’s results confirmed that the greatest diversity occurred in wild boars, thereby contrasting with low diversity in domestic pig populations., This work was supported by the Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A).

El Cerdo Pelón Mexicano (Sus scrofa) es un recurso zoogenético importante en la Península de Yucatán, ya que es un genotipo adaptado a las condiciones ambientales, presenta resistencia a enfermedades y parásitos locales, y tiene la capacidad de aprovechar alimentos de muy bajo aporte nutricional, además cuenta con un sabor muy peculiar que ha sido valorado por las comunidades mayas y mestizas de esta región, por esta razón está inmerso en muchos de sus platillos tradicionales, este recurso se está perdiendo por la introducción de nuevas razas y por las cruzas que se han realizado, por lo tanto para su uso y conservación es necesario describir las características del ambiente de producción. Para este estudio se encuestaron 23 productores, siguiendo la técnica de entrevistas estructuradas con 83 variables, se aplicó estadística descriptiva y se realizaron pruebas no paramétricas para la comparación entre los sistemas de producción. La mayoría de los productores son hombres con un promedio de edad de 47 años, el 96% son profesionistas, con una experiencia mayor a dos años en esta actividad e iniciaron la producción por el interés de conservar este biotipo, el 56.5% manifestó que el principal problema para iniciar con la explotación fue la adquisición del pie de cría y escases de animales de raza pura. Se identificaron tres sistemas de producción: 1) Traspatio (26 %, la actividad se desarrolla en las áreas libres de la vivienda, donde los cerdos están dispersos o en zahúrdas hechas con materiales reciclados con un total de 9.25±3.4 cerdos); 2) Intensivo (30.4 %, los animales permanecen cautivos en zahúrdas de malla metálica y/o jaulas elevadas con un total de 98.87±95.5 cerdos): y 3) Extensivo (43.4 %, se hace uso de suelos no aptos para la agricultura y el pastoreo constituye la base del sistema con un total de 56.27±4 cerdos). En general los productores manifestaron tener problemas para comercializar sus productos, ya que las ventas no son constantes, además de no tener compradores permanentes, la asistencia técnica es muy escasa, son pocos los especialistas trabajando directamente con los productores, se han conformado asociaciones de productores de este biotipo, pero lamentablemente tienen poca comunicación causando un trabajo muy individualizado que no permite estandarizar el manejo de los diferentes rubros técnicos, productivos y de mercado. En los tres sistemas se hace uso generalizado de plantas forrajeras para la alimentación, su sistema de reproducción es libre y el manejo sanitario es muy básico. Esta raza está evolucionando de los sistemas tradicionales de traspatio a sistemas intensivos y extensivos de carácter empresarial, donde se aprovecha la rusticidad y adaptabilidad, dejando atrás el concepto de recurso zoogenético en riesgo y asegurando su presencia en el futuro inmediato como una importante opción de negocio.

El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar el efecto de dos dietas sobre el comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y calidad de la carne del cerdo criollo negro cajamarquino. Se emplearon 32 lechones destetados, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones por cada tratamiento y dos animales por repetición. La mitad de los cerdos fueron alimentados con desechos de restaurante y residuos de camal de aves y la otra mitad con un concentrado de maíz y soya. La mitad de cada grupo fueron machos castrados y la otra mitad hembras. Se llevó un registro de pesos de los cerdos. A los 120 días de engorde fueron sacrificados, determinándose las características de la canal y la calidad de carne a través del músculo Longissimus lumbar. Se encontró una interacción significativa entre alimentación x sexo en el peso vivo final y conversión alimenticia (p, The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two diets on the productive performance, characteristics of the carcass and meat quality of the black creole pig of Cajamarca, Peru. A total of 32 weaned piglets were distributed in four treatments with four replicates per treatment and two animals per replicate. Half of the pigs were fed with restaurant waste and poultry slaughterhouse waste and the other half with concentrate based on corn and soy. Half of each group were castrated males and the other half were females. Body weight of pigs was recorded. All animals were slaughtered at 120 days of fattening, determining carcass characteristics and meat quality through the Longissimus lumbar muscle. A significant interaction between feed x sex was found for body weight and feed conversion (p

Sexual dimorphism in size (SSD) is a phenomenon scarcely studied among local domestic breeds, and generalizations such as the rule of Rensch, which interprets SSD relationship with body size, have not been always informed for livestock. Creole pig breeds were chosen for this SSD comparative study due to their morphological homogeneity, their reproductive characteristics and their size range. The results reflected an isometric sexual size relationship, at least for studied creole pigs. But a greater number of studies at the intraspecific level in this species are needed to assess the geographic variation in size and its impact on the SSD, as well as to understand the mechanisms that modulate the SSD. El dimorfismo sexual de tamaño (SSD) es un fenómeno poco estudiado en las razas domésticaslocales, y generalizaciones como la regla de Rensch, que interpreta la relación del SSD con el tamaño corporal, no han sido siempre fundamentadas para las diferentes especies de ganado.Se escogió para esta investigación una representación derazas decerdos criollos para realizar un estudio comparativo del SSD debido a su homogeneidad morfológica, características reproductivas y rango de tamaños.Los resultados reflejaron una isometría en la relación del tamaño sexual, al menos para el caso de las razas criollas estudiadas.Pero son necesarios un mayor número de estudios a nivel intraespecíficopara evaluar la variación geográfica de tamaño y su impacto sobre el SSD, así como para poder comprender los mecanismos que modulan el SSD.

Notice à reprendre pas de clé UT au 27 juin 2019; The study aimed at characterizing the management of 27 pig farms in the frame-work of a conservation program of the Creole pig of Martinique. Blood samples were collected on 67 pigs for serological analysis. A multivariate analysis dis-criminated six groups of farms: group 1 (n = 9) consisted of family farms with fewer than three boars and a higher age of replacement of reproducers than the other farms (6.2 vs 5.0 years, p < 0.01); group 2 (n = 5) consisted of small farms with two matings per sow per yearand with more than two livestock species; group 3 (n = 5) consisted of farms with more than four boars and more than four sows, with batch management and a feeding diet mainly based on industrial concentrates; group 4 (n = 4) consisted of family farms with pigs reared outdoors and a feeding diet mainly based on local resources (50 to 100% of the total diet content); group 5 (n = 3) consisted of mixed farming systems with more than three boars and more than 10 sows; and group 6 consisted of a farm with a high number of females without batch management. The analysis of serological data showed that, regardless of the farming system (outdoor, semi outdoor, indoor), the sanitary status of pig farms in Martinique was good, with no identified con-tagious disease. The typology obtained and the results on the sanitary status of farms are encouraging signs to pursue the project aiming at the conservation of Creole pigs by exchange of healthy reproducers between farmers and the devel-opment of a niche market around heritage values.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two diets on the productive performance, characteristics of the carcass and meat quality of the black creole pig of Cajamarca, Peru. A total of 32 weaned piglets were distributed in four treatments with four replicates per treatment and two animals per replicate. Half of the pigs were fed with restaurant waste and poultry slaughterhouse waste and the other half with concentrate based on corn and soy. Half of each group were castrated males and the other half were females. Body weight of pigs was recorded. All animals were slaughtered at 120 days of fattening, determining carcass characteristics and meat quality through the Longissimus lumbar muscle. A significant interaction between feed x sex was found for body weight and feed conversion (p

Ramírez, Óscar et al.-- Data archiving: Ancient, Iberian, Spanish wild boar and Guatemalan reads have been submitted to SRA (accession SRP044261), aligned mitochondrial fasta file, plink files with genotypic data have been deposited in Dryad (doi:10.5061/dryad.sd784)., Ancient DNA (aDNA) provides direct evidence of historical events that have modeled the genome of modern individuals. In livestock, resolving the differences between the effects of initial domestication and of subsequent modern breeding is not straight forward without aDNA data. Here, we have obtained shotgun genome sequence data from a sixteenth century pig from Northeastern Spain (Montsoriu castle), the ancient pig was obtained from an extremely well-preserved and diverse assemblage. In addition, we provide the sequence of three new modern genomes from an Iberian pig, Spanish wild boar and a Guatemalan Creole pig. Comparison with both mitochondrial and autosomal genome data shows that the ancient pig is closely related to extant Iberian pigs and to European wild boar. Although the ancient sample was clearly domestic, admixture with wild boar also occurred, according to the D-statistics. The close relationship between Iberian, European wild boar and the ancient pig confirms that Asian introgression in modern Iberian pigs has not existed or has been negligible. In contrast, the Guatemalan Creole pig clusters apart from the Iberian pig genome, likely due to introgression from international breeds., This study was funded by 2010ACOM00030 (AGAUR) to MS, FEDER and BFU2012-34157 grant (Spain) to CLF, Consolider CSD2007-00036 ‘Centre for Research in Agrigenomics’ and AGL2010-14822 grants (Spain) to MPE. OR is a postdoctoral Researcher from the JAEDOC program cofounded by ESF, EB is recipient of a FPI grant from ministry of Research (Spain), IO of a predoctoral fellowship from the Basque Government (DEUI, Spain), WBP is funded by COLCIENCIAS (Francisco Jose´ de Caldas fellowship 497/2009, Colombia).

National audience; The Creole pig has always been part of the rural and suburban landscape of Martinique. Currently, this breed is not integrated into a research and conservation program. The Natural Park of Martinique Region (PNRM) has the objective to maintain and valorize the genetic heritage of Martinique’s Creole pig and develop a niche business. Based on PNRM knowledge, some Creole pigs live freely in the mountains in the North, in the South coast and in a few disparate traditional breeders located in the countryside. It is essential to carry out an inventory of the local pig population to propose a scheme for conservation and economic development. In order to favour the appropriation of the Creole pig niche, the PNRM, as a decision maker, acts in a systemic and holistic way by considering the whole Martinican territory and the pig sub-sector: producers involved in the COOPMAR pig farmers’ cooperative, researchers of INRA (FWI), the food chain and at least (in a second phase) the consumers and the Martinican society. First of all, the pig farmers are involved (private family farms and specialised pig producers). Researchers and technicians from PNRM and INRA-URZ (Animal production research unit) and INRA-PTEA (Tropical platform in animal experimentation) are performing experimental studies both in controlled conditions and in farms, in order to: i) determine phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Martinique’s Creole pigs in comparison with other pig breeds from the Caribbean area; ii) help at designing genetic management to maintain the population and avoiding inbreeding; iii) help at defining feeding management by a) establishing, at the whole territorial food chain, an inventory of co or by-products available for pig feeding; b) implementing experimental studies in technology for conservation; c) implementing feeding and growing experiments and finally iv) help at defining eco-friendly production systems a) aiming at generate an adequate revenue and b) focusing on ecosystem services such as meat quality, socio-cultural services and circular economy.

National audience; The Creole pig has always been part of the rural and suburban landscape of Martinique. Currently, this breed is not integrated into a research and conservation program. The Natural Park of Martinique Region (PNRM) has the objective to maintain and valorize the genetic heritage of Martinique’s Creole pig and develop a niche business. Based on PNRM knowledge, some Creole pigs live freely in the mountains in the North, in the South coast and in a few disparate traditional breeders located in the countryside. It is essential to carry out an inventory of the local pig population to propose a scheme for conservation and economic development. In order to favour the appropriation of the Creole pig niche, the PNRM, as a decision maker, acts in a systemic and holistic way by considering the whole Martinican territory and the pig sub-sector: producers involved in the COOPMAR pig farmers’ cooperative, researchers of INRA (FWI), the food chain and at least (in a second phase) the consumers and the Martinican society. First of all, the pig farmers are involved (private family farms and specialised pig producers). Researchers and technicians from PNRM and INRA-URZ (Animal production research unit) and INRA-PTEA (Tropical platform in animal experimentation) are performing experimental studies both in controlled conditions and in farms, in order to: i) determine phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Martinique’s Creole pigs in comparison with other pig breeds from the Caribbean area; ii) help at designing genetic management to maintain the population and avoiding inbreeding; iii) help at defining feeding management by a) establishing, at the whole territorial food chain, an inventory of co or by-products available for pig feeding; b) implementing experimental studies in technology for conservation; c) implementing feeding and growing experiments and finally iv) help at defining eco-friendly production systems a) aiming at generate an adequate revenue and b) focusing on ecosystem services such as meat quality, socio-cultural services and circular economy.

En la región chortí de Guatemala, la presencia de cerdos criollos y su crianza sigue siendo una práctica de obtención de proteína para consumo y de recursos económicos. En esta investigación el objetivo fue generar información sobre las principales características zoométricas, morfológicas y fanerópticas, del cerdo criollo (hembras 44/machos 24), se utilizó un muestreo simple aleatorio para proporciones con varianza máxima, considerando un nivel de confianza del 95%. La caracterización se realizó en animales jóvenes que cumplieron con el estándar racial, ambos sexos,no gestantes y de las comunidades previamente identificadas; se analizaron 12 variables morfométricas y 10 fanerópticas,7 índices corporales. Como resultados las morfométricas son homogéneas al igual que los índices corporales,de tamaño corporal de pequeño a mediano, cabeza larga y angosta (dolicocefálicos) de cuerpo corto y delgado (mediolíneoscon tendencia a longilíneos). No presentan dimorfismo sexual, con perfil frontonasal rectilíneo, con orejas asiáticas e ibéricas, de capa negra a manchada colorada y negra, escaso pelo a abundante, pezuñas pigmentadasy blancas, mucosas pigmentadas. Su alto índice pelviano indica que son animales de capacidad reproductiva baja,debido a la estreches de pélvica. Además, se concluye que el cerdo criollo tiene su origen en el tronco Ibérico.

International audience; A total of 24 castrated male Creole were used for digestibility studies on three sugarcane (SC) products: final molasses, SC juice and ground SC. Digestibility of macronutrients were determined in three consecutive experimental trials between 35 and 60 kg BW. The first trial measured the effect of a constant rate of incorporation of those SC products in a control diet (23% on a dry matter (DM) basis) on digestibility of energy and nutrients. The second and the third trials were designed to determine the effects of increasing rates of inclusion of SC juice and ground SC in the control diet on the digestibility of nutrients and energy. The DM content of molasses, SC juice and ground SC were 74.3%, 19.3% and 25.8%, respectively. Free sugar contents were 73.8%, 81.6% and 51.5% of DM for molasses, SC juice and ground SC, respectively. In contrast with molasses and SC juice, NDF content of ground SC was very high (40.3% DM). Energy digestibility coefficients (DC) were 99.0% and 83.6% for SC juice and molasses, respectively. For ground SC, amounts and composition of intakes differed from feed allowance as a consequence of chewing-then-spitting out most of the fibrous contents of ground SC. Expressed as a percentage of energy intake and energy allowance, DC of energy for ground SC were 68.6% and 31.9%, respectively. On an intake basis, digestible energy (DE) and metabolisable energy (ME) values were higher for SC juice (17.3 and 17.2 MJ/kg DM, respectively) than for molasses (13.1 and 12.6 MJ/kg DM, respectively) or ground SC (12.3 and 11.8 MJ/kg DM, respectively). On an allowance basis, the corresponding values for ground SC were only 5.7 and 5.6 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The gradual inclusion rate of SC juice in the diet up to 66% resulted in a linear increase of the DC of the diet organic matter and energy (P < 0.001) by 0.10% per 1% in SC juice DM. On the other hand, the partial substitution of the control diet by ground SC up to 74% resulted in a linear (P < 0.05) reduction of digestibility of nutrients and energy. Each 1% increase of ground SC incorporation rate resulted in a 0.13% and 0.61% linear decrease of DC of the energy, expressed as a percentage of energy intake or energy allowance, respectively. In conclusion, our study provides updated energy values of SC products usable as energy sources for feeding pigs.

International audience; The effects sugar cane (SC) diets and a milling by product diet on meat quality characteristics of fresh meat and dry-cured ham were studied on a total of 48 Creole (CR) pigs. Pigs were fed with a control soya-bean meal corn diet (C1), a soya-bean meal wheat diet (C2), a SC fresh juice diet (SC-J), or a ground cane diet (SC-G). Average BW gain was 657, 530, 546, and 200 g/d for diets C1, C2, SC-J and SC-G, respectively. Lean cuts (i.e., ham and loin) were significantly higher in SC-G than in C1 pigs (472 vs. 424 g/kg; P < 0.01); intermediate values were found for C2 and SC-J pigs (427 and 412 g/kg, respectively). The ultimate pH in LD muscle was lower in SC-J than the other groups (5.44 vs. 5.65; P < 0.01). The intra muscular fat (IMF) content in LD was significantly higher in SC-J diet and lower in SC-G diet (1.9% and 1.0%, respectively); intermediates values were found for C1 and C2 diets (1.4% on average). Ham weight losses during 6 months drying period were lower for SC-G fed pigs (9.7% vs. 12.4%; P < 0.05) whereas weight losses during the 12 months drying period were not affected by diet. The TBA value in dry-cured ham was not affected by diet (P > 0.05) whereas the fatty acids profiles of subcutaneous fat in SC-J and SC-G pigs contained more mono-unsaturated and less polyunsaturated fatty acids than in C1 and C2 groups. Significant effects of dietary treatment were found for dry-cured ham sensory quality parameters.

El cerdo Criollo costero (CCC), forma parte de la cultura popular de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se utiliza para producir carne y chacinados desde el principio de la colonización española hasta la actualidad. A pesar de esto, nunca se lo ha valorado zootécnicamente y no ha sido tenido en cuenta como recurso genético en la producción porcina moderna. El mayor número de ejemplares se mantiene como cerdo cimarrón en una amplia zona costera de la provincia. No se han estudiado aún sus características productivas ni su importancia económica y social. Se plantea aquí la necesidad de constituir un centro genético porcino local, destinado a caracterizar productivamente este recurso genético local para lograr un aprovechamiento más racional.

National audience

International audience; We evaluated the effect of heat challenge on cell viability, concanavalin A-induced proliferation and heat shock protein (HSPs) mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) isolated from Creole (CR) and Large White (LW) pigs. The PBMCs were cultured for 9 h at 37°C before being subjected to heat challenge: (1) at 42°C or 45°C for 2, 4, 6 and 9 h to monitor cell viability;(2) at 45°C for 2 and 9 h followed by stimulation for 24 h at 37°C with concanavalin A to evaluate mitogen-induced proliferation; and (3) at 45°C for 3, 6 and 9 h to measure induction of HSP70.2 and HSP90 mRNA. Cell viability was affected by breed and temperature (P

Para cuantificar la incidencia de malformaciones congénitas en cerdos del sector no especializado, en el oriente de Cuba, se observaron 325 camadas procedentes de diferentes genotipos de las razas más utilizadas en la zona. Se detectaron las malformaciones por observación, se cuantificaron y se determinó su significación con respecto al total de crías. La hernia inguinoescrotal resultó ser la más frecuente. Se concluye que el número de partos que presentan malformaciones es alto (9,07% del total), y por tanto, sería necesario mayor rigor en la selección de reproductores en el sector no especializado. Whit the objective of quantify the incidence of pig congenital malformations in the non specialized sector in eastern of Cuba, an amount of 325 litters, from different genotypes of the most frequently used breeds in this zone was analyzed. The malformations were detected by observation and quantified, its significance was determined with respect to the total amount of piglets. Inguinoescrotal hernia resulted to be the most frequent of all. It was concluded that the number of births presenting malformations is very high, 9.07% of the total of cases. An alert is emitted for a necessity of being rigorous in selecting breeders from non specialized productive sector.

International audience; The objective of this study was to assess the different behaviours, goals and wishes of Creole pigs’ farmers/owners in Guadeloupe, in order to conserve the local breed. Investigations were made with Creole pigs farmers. The 34 interviews were well distributed in Guadeloupe territory and they represent around 10% Creole pig’s population. After multivariate analyses, three main classes of Creole pigs' farmers were established: the first one included old farms (more than 15 years), with small unit of Creole pigs (less than 10 heads); they have kept a traditional farming system, without many investigations on the farm. The second class included recent and middle size farms, which were composed by crossed pigs, where there were quite different ways to drive the animals. The last one includes recent and from middle to high size farms, with the same percentage of crossed pigs and CR pigs, where management of reproduction, farms buildings and faeces treatments exist. The conservation strategy is becoming essential because of the growing phenomenon of crossing between breeds. Some conservation strategies, as cryoconservation and building of an economical niche based on the Creole pig’s meat quality, have to be developed in Guadeloupe.; El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los distintas metas y deseos de granjeros/propietarios con cerdos criollos en Guadeloupe, con el fin de conservar este genotipo local. Las investigaciones se hicieron con los tenedores de los cerdos criollos. Las 34 entrevistas estuvieron bien distribuídas en el territorio de Guadeloupe y representaron alrededor del 10% de la población de cerdos criollos. Después de efectuar análisis multivariado, se establecieron tres clases principales de granjeros con cerdos criollos, en la primera se incluyeron granjeros viejos (más de 15 años) con pequeñas granjas de cerdos criollos (menos de 10 animales), ellos mantenían un sistema de crianza tradicional, sin mucha investigación en granja. La segunda clase incluía granjas recientes de tamaño mediano, que criaban cerdos cruzados, y donde había bastantes formas diferentes de criar los animales. La tercera clase incluía granjas recientes de tamaño medio a grande, con el mismo porcentaje de cerdos cruzados y criollos, y donde existía el manejo de la reproducción, edificaciones y tratamiento de las excretas. La estrategia de conservación está deviniendo esencial, debido al creciente fenómeno del cruzamiento entre genotipos. Algunas estrategias de conservación, tales como la criopreservación y la construcción de un nicho económico basado en la calidad de la carne del cerdo criollo debe ser desarrollado en Guadeloupe.

International audience

Chantier qualité GA; International audience; The influence of the level of sugarcane (SC) molasses on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in Creole (CR) growing pigs fed with ground sugarcane stalks (GCS)-based diet was studied in a mixed farming system context. The aim of the study was to optimize the growth performance of CR pigs with SC-molasses as an energy source in this unconventional feeding. A total of 32 CR pigs were used from 30 to 60 kg of body weight (BW). The experimental dietary treatments consisted of four levels of inclusion of SC-molasses (200, 400, 600, and 800 g DM/d/pig) into a GCS diet, for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The GCS allowance was based on live BW (170 g/kg BW/d) and the diets were supplemented with a soya-bean meal supplement (350 g/d of a 49.2% CP and 16.6 MJ DE/kg). All the pigs were slaughtered at 60 kg BW. Increasing the level of molasses did not affect (p > 0.05) average BW gain (254 g/d), CP intake (154 g/d) and sugar extraction rate from the total ration (85%). A gradual inclusion of molasses in a GCS-based diet did not affect the carcass and meat quality of CR pigs. In conclusion, molasses supplementation does not allow the increase of growth performance in GCS fed pigs.

Con el fin de estudiar morfológicamente al cerdo Criollo del estado Apure, se consideraron 139 animales de pie de cría y crecimiento en tres municipios (Achaguas, Pedro Camejo y Biruaca) criados en condición agro-pastoril en ambiente de sabana tropical. Las variables zoométricas medidas fueron: longitud de la cabeza (LCZ), longitud de la cara (LCR), ancho de la cabeza (ACZ), alzada a la cruz (ALC), alzada a la grupa (ALG), diámetro longitudinal (DL), ancho de la grupa (AGR), longitud de la grupa (LGR), perímetro torácico (PTO) y perímetro de la caña (PCA). Se calcularon los índices zoométricos: cefálico (ICF), proporcionalidad (IPD), corporal (ICP) y pelviano (IPV). Se realizó análisis de estadística descriptiva y multivariado de varianza para las variables e índices zoométricos, teniendo como efectos los factores localidad y sexo. Los promedios (cm) de las variables zoométricas fueron: LCZ=32,05 ACZ=10,95 LCR=23,99 ALC=59,51 ALG=63,26 DL=74,69, AGR=17,07, LGR=20,51, PTO=84,85 y PCA=19,92. Los valores (%) de los índices calculados fueron: ICF=34,21 IPD=79,47 ICP=88,30 e IPV=83,04. Se encontró un efecto (P

"22 Mexican Hairless Pigs (MHP) and 20 CuinoPigs (CP) which belong to the Mexican Native Pig(MNP), were raised under agricultural-grazingconditions in the State of Nayarit, Mexico werestudied. MHP showed a higher number of nipples(p

We report the results of a choice-experiment study to model preferences over a selection of breed traits of ‘creole’ pigs. The study was conducted amongst households of backyard producers and small farmers rearing this local breed in Yucatan, Mexico. Hypothetical choice data were collected to estimate the preference of households over alternative pigs profiles whose attributes distinguish creole pigs from the potentially more productive, yet less adapted exotic breeds currently threatening to severely displace this locally adapted animal genetic resource (AnGR). The observed choices are employed to estimate a series of random utility models whose results are first tested for preference equality between households and small farmers, then endogenous segmentation is allowed within households by means of latent class models. Stated-preference based estimates are found to be of the same magnitude as revealed-preference producers costs. As a consequence the method is deemed to be appropriate for the valuation of non-market functions in production. Estimates conditional on household characteristics are then presented and discussed.

We report the results of a choice-experiment study to model preferences over a selection of breed traits of 'creole' pigs. The study was conducted amongst households of backyard producers and small farmers rearing this local breed in Yucatan, Mexico. Hypothetical choice data were collected to estimate the preference of households over alternative pigs profiles whose attributes distinguish creole pigs from the potentially more productive, yet less adapted exotic breeds currently threatening to severely displace this locally adapted animal genetic resource. The observed choices are employed to estimate a series of random utility models whose results are tested for preference equality between households and small farmers. Stated-preference based estimates are found to be of the same magnitude as revealed-preference producers costs. As a consequence the method is deemed to be appropriate for the valuation of non-market functions in production. Estimates conditional on household characteristics are then presented and discussed.

We report the results of a choice-experiment study to model preferences over a selection of breed traits of 'creole' pigs. The study was conducted amongst households of backyard producers and small farmers rearing this local breed in Yucatan, Mexico. Hypothetical choice data were collected to estimate the preference of households over alternative pigs profiles whose attributes distinguish creole pigs from the potentially more productive, yet less adapted exotic breeds currently threatening to severely displace this locally adapted animal genetic resource. The observed choices are employed to estimate a series of random utility models whose results are tested for preference equality between households and small farmers. Stated-preference based estimates are found to be of the same magnitude as revealed-preference producers costs. As a consequence the method is deemed to be appropriate for the valuation of non-market functions in production. Estimates conditional on household characteristics are then presented and discussed.

The main Creole pig population in Mexico, the hairless Mexican pig, remains as an unimproved and endangered genetic resource. In order to learn more about the genetic characteristics of this pig population, we assessed the allele frequency of 10 microsatellite loci in 177 unrelated hairless pigs from seven regions at Mexico and in 111 pigs of four commercial breeds (Landrace, Large White, Hampshire, and Duroc). Genetic diversity in each population was estimated by the unbiased average heterozygosity and the allele number. Nei's standard genetic distances and a neighbor-joining dendrogram were used to reveal the genetic relationships among these populations. In this report, we present data showing that the level of the genetic diversity in Mexican hairless pigs is high compared with previous reports, and that they belong to a genetic lineage divergent from commercial breeds. Furthermore, Mexican hairless pigs seem to have developed several genetically distinct lines associated with their geographic location. We conclude that the Mexican Creole pig populations may be a reservoir of genetic diversity that is important to preserve and evaluate as a source of new alleles for the future improvement of commercial pig lines.