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PM2.5 is an air pollutant that is widely associated with adverse health effects, and which tends to be disproportionately located near low-income communities and communities of color. We applied a community-engaged research approach to assess the distribution of PM2.5 concentrations in the context of community concerns and urban features within and around the city of Santa Ana, CA. Approximately 183 h of one-minute average PM2.5 measurements, along with high-resolution geographic coordinate measurements, were collected by volunteer community participants using roughly two dozen low-cost AtmoTube Pro air pollution sensors paired with real-time GPS tracking devices. PM2.5 varied by region, time of day, and month. In general, concentrations were higher near the city's industrial corridor, which is an area of concern to local community members. While the freeway systems were shown to correlate with some degree of elevated air pollution, two of four sampling days demonstrated little to no visible association with freeway traffic. Concentrations tended to be higher within socioeconomically disadvantaged communities compared to other areas. This pilot study demonstrates the utility of using low-cost air pollution sensors for the application of community-engaged study designs that leverage community knowledge, enable high-density air monitoring, and facilitate greater health-related awareness, education, and empowerment among communities. The mobile air-monitoring approach used in this study, and its application to characterize the ambient air quality within a defined geographic region, is in contrast to other community-engaged studies, which employ fixed-site monitoring and/or focus on personal exposure. The findings from this study underscore the existence of environmental health inequities that persist in urban areas today, which can help to inform policy decisions related to health equity, future urban planning, and community access to resources.

Background: "Patient‐Targeted Googling" (PTG) refers to a healthcare professional using the Internet to discover information about a patient. The present review explores PTG by psychological therapists. The review focused on the prevalence of PTG, how often consent is sought from the patient, and the motivations for and consequences of PTG. Method: A narrative literature review of published PTG studies was undertaken. Potentially eligible studies were identified by searching PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and MEDLINE. Results were screened for suitability for inclusion in the sample (n = 9). All studies were appraised for quality using a structured tool developed for this review. Results: PTG prevalence rates ranged from 20% to 98%, with rates of non‐consent ranging from 60% to 84%. Motivations for PTG included curiosity, to gather new information and to verify existing information. Consequences of PTG included enhancing the therapist's sense of safety and causing harm to the therapeutic relationship. Discussion: Current literature on PTG is limited and focussed largely in the United States. This review revealed no published PTG studies including UK‐based psychological therapists, as well as issues in defining and operationalising PTG. Further research is needed to understand the prevalence of PTG by UK‐based psychological therapists, as well as the motivations behind, and consequences of, PTG. This evidence base will inform the development of PTG professional guidelines and training, neither of which currently exist for therapists practising in the UK. Both would be timely given the increasing move of the therapeutic frame to the online environment due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership educators must consider how to most effectively develop youth knowledge, skills, attitudes, aspirations and leadership abilities when facilitating leadership development. During the first two millennia, leadership was adult-centered, with little focus on development. To develop effective leadership programs, it is essential that leadership educators: consider the implications of societal trends; project the contexts of 21st century leadership; understand and apply the principles of effective youth leadership development; and, develop meaningful adult and adolescent partnerships to prepare youth for success in the third millennium.

Provision of optimum healthcare for infants with atypical genitalia requires a clear understanding of the occurrence of this condition. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of atypical genitalia and its initial management. A prospective, electronic survey of clinicians within managed clinical networks in Scotland was undertaken between 2013 and 2019. Notification from clinicians was sought for term neonates requiring specialist input for atypical genitalia. Additional information was also sought from the 4 regional genetics laboratories that provided details for neonates who had an urgent karyotype performed for atypical genitalia or sex determination. In total, the study identified 171 term infants who required some investigation for atypical genitalia in the neonatal period, providing a birth prevalence of 1:1,881 term births. Of the 171 infants, 97 (57%) had specialist input over the first 3 months of life, providing a birth prevalence of 1:3,318 term births that received specialist input for atypical genitalia. A total of 92 of these 97 cases had complete 3-month follow-up data, 62 (67%) presented within 24 h of birth, and age at presentation ranged from birth to 28 days. Age at sex assignment ranged from birth to 14 days, and in 63 cases (68%), sex assignment occurred at birth. Thus, the birth prevalence of a case of atypical genitalia where sex assignment was reported to be delayed beyond birth was estimated at 1:11,097 births. In 1 case sex was re-assigned at 3 months. Atypical genitalia requiring specialist input within the first month of life are rare in term newborns, and in only a third of these cases, sex assignment is delayed beyond birth. This study provides new clinical benchmarks for comparing and improving the delivery of care in centres that manage these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses how and why moral theology and Catholic moral tradition changes and develops. Other topics include the epistemology of theologian Karl Rahner, his concept of gnoseological concupiscence based on his anthropology of finiteness, createdness, and intellectual humility, and his transcendental theological project.

A survey of 797 extension master volunteers in Ohio received 200 usable responses indicating that achievement was rated as the most important motive for beginning service as a master volunteer. As they continued to volunteer, affiliation became the most important motive. Intrinsic forms of recognition (e.g., receiving compliments) were rated most important. (SK)

A survey of 140 adolescents attending a 4-H leadership camp found that younger adolescents were more likely to be youth entrepreneurs; youth entrepreneurs tended to rate their organization and time-management skills lower than nonentrepreneurs; youth entrepreneurs tended to rate their leadership skills lower than nonentrepreneurs; and youth entrepreneurs are more likely to assist with community service projects. (SK)

Responses from 158 of 300 teens showed that age, gender, and participation in 4-H clothing projects influenced their clothing care practices (such as doing laundry, making repairs). Those without clothing maintenance skills were more likely to discard apparel, a practice with potential negative economic and environmental impacts. (SK)