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946 results on '"Cowan, T E"'

1. Plasma screening in mid-charged ions observed by K-shell line emission

Author

Šmıd, M., Humphries, O., Baehtz, C., Brambrink, E., Burian, T., Cho, M. S., Cowan, T. E., Gaus, L., Hájková, V., Juha, L., Konopkova, Z., Le, H. P., Makita, M., Pan, X., Preston, T., Schropp, A., Scott, H. A., Štefanıková, R., Vorberger, J., Wang, W., Zastrau, U., and Falk, K.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Dense plasma environment affects the electronic structure of ions via variations of the microscopic electrical fields, also known as plasma screening. This effect can be either estimated by simplified analytical models, or by computationally expensive and to date unverified numerical calculations. We have experimentally quantified plasma screening from the energy shifts of the bound-bound transitions in matter driven by the x-ray free electron laser (XFEL). This was enabled by identification of detailed electronic configurations of the observed K{\alpha}, K\b{eta} and K{\gamma} lines. This work paves the way for improving plasma screening models including connected effects like ionization potential depression and continuum lowering, which will advance the understanding of atomic physics in Warm Dense Matter regime.

Published
2024

2. Letter of Intent: Towards a Vacuum Birefringence Experiment at the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields

Author

Ahmadiniaz, N., Bähtz, C., Benediktovitch, A., Bömer, C., Bocklage, L., Cowan, T. E., Edwards, J., Evans, S., Viñas, S. Franchino, Gies, H., Göde, S., Görs, J., Grenzer, J., Acosta, U. Hernandez, Heinzl, T., Hilz, P., Hippler, W., Huang, L. G., Humphries, O., Karbstein, F., Khademi, P., King, B., Kluge, T., Kohlfürst, C., Krebs, D., Laso-García, A., Lötzsch, R., Macleod, A. J., Marx-Glowna, B., Mosman, E. A., Nakatsutsumi, M., Paulus, G. G., Rahul, S. V., Randolph, L., Röhlsberger, R., Rohringer, N., Sävert, A., Sadashivaiah, S., Sauerbrey, R., Schlenvoigt, H. -P., Schmidt, S. M., Schramm, U., Schützhold, R., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Seipt, D., Šmíd, M., Stöhlker, T., Toncian, T., Valialshchikov, M., Wipf, A., Zastrau, U., and Zepf, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Quantum field theory predicts a nonlinear response of the vacuum to strong electromagnetic fields of macroscopic extent. This fundamental tenet has remained experimentally challenging and is yet to be tested in the laboratory. A particularly distinct signature of the resulting optical activity of the quantum vacuum is vacuum birefringence. This offers an excellent opportunity for a precision test of nonlinear quantum electrodynamics in an uncharted parameter regime. Recently, the operation of the high-intensity laser ReLaX provided by the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF) has been inaugurated at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument of the European XFEL. We make the case that this worldwide unique combination of an x-ray free-electron laser and an ultra-intense near-infrared laser together with recent advances in high-precision x-ray polarimetry, refinements of prospective discovery scenarios, and progress in their accurate theoretical modelling have set the stage for performing an actual discovery experiment of quantum vacuum nonlinearity., Comment: 34 pages, 21 figures

Published
2024

3. Field-assisted birefringent Compton scattering

Author

Ahmadiniaz, N., Cowan, T. E., Ding, M., Lopez, M. A. Lopez, Sauerbrey, R., Shaisultanov, R., and Schützhold, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Motivated by experimental initiatives such as the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF), we study Compton scattering of x-rays at electrons in a strong external field (e.g., a strong optical laser) with special emphasis on the polarization-changing (i.e., birefringent) contribution on the amplitude level. Apart from being a potential background process for the planned vacuum birefringence experiments, this effect could be used for diagnostic purposes. Since the birefringent signal from free electrons (i.e., without the external field) vanishes in forward direction, the ratio of the birefringent and the normal (polarization conserving) contribution yields information about the field strength at the interaction point., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

Published
2022

4. Detection schemes for quantum vacuum diffraction and birefringence

Author

Ahmadiniaz, N., Cowan, T. E., Grenzer, J., Franchino-Viñas, S., Garcia, A. Laso, Šmíd, M., Toncian, T., Trejo, M. A., and Schützhold, R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Motivated by recent experimental initiatives, such as at the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF) at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), we calculate the birefringent scattering of x-rays at the combined field of two optical (or near-optical) lasers and compare various scenarios. In order to facilitate an experimental detection of quantum vacuum diffraction and birefringence, special emphasis is placed on scenarios where the difference between the initial and final x-ray photons is maximized. Apart from their polarization, these signal and background photons may differ in propagation direction (corresponding to scattering angles in the mrad regime) and possibly energy., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure

Published
2022

5. On the observability of field-assisted birefringent Delbr\'uck scattering

Author

Ahmadiniaz, N., Bussmann, M., Cowan, T. E., Debus, A., Kluge, T., and Schützhold, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We consider the scattering of an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) beam on the superposition of a strong magnetic field $\bf{B}_{\rm ext}$ with the Coulomb field $\bf{E}_{\rm ext}$ of a nucleus with charge number $Z$. In contrast to pure Delbr\"uck scattering (Coulomb field only), the magnetic field $\bf{B}_{\rm ext}$ introduces an asymmetry (i.e., polarization dependence) and renders the effective interaction volume quite large, while the nuclear Coulomb field facilitates a significant momentum transfer $\Delta\bf k$. For a field strength of $B_{\rm ext}=10^6~\rm T$ (corresponding to an intensity of order $10^{22}~\rm W/cm^2$) and an XFEL frequency of 24 keV, we find a differential cross section $d\sigma/d\Omega\sim10^{-25}~Z^2/(\Delta{\bf k})^2$ in forward direction for one nucleus. Thus, this effect might be observable in the near future at facilities such as the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF) at the European XFEL., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020
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6. Proton beam quality enhancement by spectral phase control of a PW-class laser system

Author

Ziegler, T., Albach, D., Bernert, C., Bock, S., Brack, F. -E., Cowan, T. E., Dover, N. P., Garten, M., Gaus, L., Gebhardt, R., Goethel, I., Helbig, U., Irman, A., Kiriyama, H., Kluge, T., Kon, A., Kraft, S., Kroll, F., Loeser, M., Metzkes-Ng, J., Nishiuchi, M., Obst-Huebl, L., Püschel, T., Rehwald, M., Schlenvoigt, H. -P., Schramm, U., and Zeil, K.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We report on experimental investigations of proton acceleration from solid foils irradiated with PW-class laser-pulses, where highest proton cut-off energies were achieved for temporal pulse parameters that varied significantly from those of an ideally Fourier transform limited (FTL) pulse. Controlled spectral phase modulation of the driver laser by means of an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter enabled us to manipulate the temporal shape of the last picoseconds around the main pulse and to study the effect on proton acceleration from thin foil targets. The results show that applying positive third order dispersion values to short pulses is favourable for proton acceleration and can lead to maximum energies of 70 MeV in target normal direction at 18 J laser energy for thin plastic foils, significantly enhancing the maximum energy compared to ideally compressed FTL pulses. The paper further proves the robustness and applicability of this enhancement effect for the use of different target materials and thicknesses as well as laser energy and temporal intensity contrast settings. We demonstrate that application relevant proton beam quality was reliably achieved over many months of operation with appropriate control of spectral phase and temporal contrast conditions using a state-of-the-art high-repetition rate PW laser system.

Published
2020
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7. On the Heisenberg limit for detecting vacuum birefringence

Author

Ahmadiniaz, N., Cowan, T. E., Sauerbrey, R., Schramm, U., Schlenvoigt, H. -P., and Schützhold, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum electrodynamics predicts the vacuum to behave as a non-linear medium, including effects such as birefringence. However, for experimentally available field strengths, this vacuum polarizability is extremely small and thus very hard to measure. In analogy to the Heisenberg limit in quantum metrology, we study the minimum requirements for such a detection in a given strong field (the pump field). Using a laser pulse as the probe field, we find that its energy must exceed a certain threshold depending on the interaction time. However, a detection at that threshold, i.e., the Heisenberg limit, requires highly non-linear measurement schemes - while for ordinary linear-optics schemes, the required energy (Poisson or shot noise limit) is much larger. Finally, we discuss several currently considered experimental scenarios from this point of view.

Published
2020
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8. Relativistic electron streaming instabilities modulate proton beams accelerated in laser-plasma interactions

Author

Göde, S., Rödel, C., Zeil, K., Mishra, R., Gauthier, M., Brack, F., Kluge, T., MacDonald, M. J., Metzkes, J., Obst, L., Rehwald, M., Ruyer, C., Schlenvoigt, H. -P., Schumaker, W., Sommer, P., Cowan, T. E., Schramm, U., Glenzer, S., and Fiuza, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We report experimental evidence that multi-MeV protons accelerated in relativistic laser-plasma interactions are modulated by strong filamentary electromagnetic fields. Modulations are observed when a preplasma is developed on the rear side of a $\mu$m-scale solid-density hydrogen target. Under such conditions, electromagnetic fields are amplified by the relativistic electron Weibel instability and are maximized at the critical density region of the target. The analysis of the spatial profile of the protons indicates the generation of $B>$10 MG and $E>$0.1 MV/$\mu$m fields with a $\mu$m-scale wavelength. These results are in good agreement with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and analytical estimates, which further confirm that this process is dominant for different target materials provided that a preplasma is formed on the rear side with scale length $\gtrsim 0.13 \lambda_0 \sqrt{a_0}$. These findings impose important constraints on the preplasma levels required for high-quality proton acceleration for multi-purpose applications., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters, 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2017
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9. High-pressure chemistry of hydrocarbons relevant to planetary interiors and inertial confinement fusion

Author

Kraus, D., Hartley, N. J, Frydrych, S., Schuster, A. K, Rohatsch, K., Rödel, M., Cowan, T. E, Brown, S., Cunningham, E., van Driel, T., Fletcher, L. B, Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J, Laso Garcia, A., Gericke, D. O, Granados, E., Heimann, P. A, Lee, H. J, MacDonald, M. J, MacKinnon, A. J, McBride, E. E, Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Saunders, A. M, Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Turner, S. J, Zettl, A., Falcone, R. W, Glenzer, S. H, T. Döppner, T., and Vorberger, J.

Published
2018

10. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn

Author

Gorman, M. G., primary, McGonegle, D., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Singh, S., additional, Jenkins, T., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, Albertazzi, B., additional, Ali, S. J., additional, Antonelli, L., additional, Armstrong, M. R., additional, Baehtz, C., additional, Ball, O. B., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, Belonoshko, A. B., additional, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., additional, Bolme, C. A., additional, Bouffetier, V., additional, Briggs, R., additional, Buakor, K., additional, Butcher, T., additional, Di Dio Cafiso, S., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chantel, J., additional, Di Cicco, A., additional, Clarke, S., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, Collier, J., additional, Collins, G. W., additional, Comley, A. J., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Cowan, T. E., additional, Cristoforetti, G., additional, Cynn, H., additional, Descamps, A., additional, Dorchies, F., additional, Duff, M. J., additional, Dwivedi, A., additional, Edwards, C., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Errandonea, D., additional, Fiquet, G., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Laso Garcia, A., additional, Ginestet, H., additional, Gizzi, L., additional, Gleason, A., additional, Goede, S., additional, Gonzalez, J. M., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Heighway, P. G., additional, Hernandez-Gomez, C., additional, Higginbotham, A., additional, Höppner, H., additional, Husband, R. J., additional, Hutchinson, T. M., additional, Hwang, H., additional, Lazicki, A. E., additional, Keen, D. A., additional, Kim, J., additional, Koester, P., additional, Konopkova, Z., additional, Kraus, D., additional, Krygier, A., additional, Labate, L., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Liermann, H.-P., additional, Mason, P., additional, Masruri, M., additional, Massani, B., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McGuire, C., additional, McHardy, J. D., additional, Merkel, S., additional, Morard, G., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Nakatsutsumi, M., additional, Nguyen-Cong, K., additional, Norton, A.-M., additional, Oleynik, I. I., additional, Otzen, C., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pandolfi, S., additional, Peake, D. J., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Pereira, K. A., additional, Phillips, J. P., additional, Prescher, C., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Randolph, L., additional, Ranjan, D., additional, Ravasio, A., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Rips, J., additional, Santamaria-Perez, D., additional, Savage, D. J., additional, Schoelmerich, M., additional, Schwinkendorf, J.-P., additional, Smith, J., additional, Sollier, A., additional, Spear, J., additional, Spindloe, C., additional, Stevenson, M., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Suer, T.-A., additional, Tang, M., additional, Toncian, M., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Tracy, S. J., additional, Trapananti, A., additional, Tschentscher, T., additional, Tyldesley, M., additional, Vennari, C. E., additional, Vinci, T., additional, Vogel, S. C., additional, Volz, T. J., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Walsh, J. P. S., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Willman, J. T., additional, Wollenweber, L., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Appel, K., additional, and McMahon, M. I., additional

Published
2024
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11. Progress of the Felsenkeller shallow-underground accelerator for nuclear astrophysics

Author

Bemmerer, D., Cavanna, F., Cowan, T. E., Grieger, M., Hensel, T., Junghans, A. R., Ludwig, F., Müller, S. E., Rimarzig, B., Reinicke, S., Schulz, S., Schwengner, R., Stöckel, K., Szücs, T., Takács, M. P., Wagner, A., Wagner, L., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Low-background experiments with stable ion beams are an important tool for putting the model of stellar hydrogen, helium, and carbon burning on a solid experimental foundation. The pioneering work in this regard has been done by the LUNA collaboration at Gran Sasso, using a 0.4 MV accelerator. In the present contribution, the status of the project for a higher-energy underground accelerator is reviewed. Two tunnels of the Felsenkeller underground site in Dresden, Germany, are currently being refurbished for the installation of a 5 MV high-current Pelletron accelerator. Construction work is on schedule and expected to complete in August 2017. The accelerator will provide intense, 50 uA, beams of 1H+, 4He+, and 12C+ ions, enabling research on astrophysically relevant nuclear reactions with unprecedented sensitivity., Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of Nuclei in the Cosmos XIV, 19-24 June 2016, Niigata/Japan

Published
2016
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12. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn

Author

Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., McMahon, M. I., Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., and McMahon, M. I.

Abstract

X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources coupled to high-power laser systems offer an avenue to study the structural dynamics of materials at extreme pressures and temperatures. The recent commissioning of the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density (HED) instrument at the European XFEL represents the state-of-the-art in combining x-ray diffraction with laser compression, allowing for compressed materials to be probed in unprecedented detail. Here, we report quantitative structural measurements of molten Sn compressed to 85(5) GPa and ∼ 3500 K. The capabilities of the HED instrument enable liquid density measurements with an uncertainty of ∼ 1 % at conditions which are extremely challenging to reach via static compression methods. We discuss best practices for conducting liquid diffraction dynamic compression experiments and the necessary intensity corrections which allow for accurate quantitative analysis. We also provide a polyimide ablation pressure vs input laser energy for the DiPOLE 100-X drive laser which will serve future users of the HED instrument.

Published
2024

13. Nanoscale femtosecond imaging of transient hot solid density plasmas with elemental and charge state sensitivity using resonant coherent diffraction

Author

Kluge, Thomas, Bussmann, M., Chung, H. -K., Gutt, C., Huang, L. G., Zacharias, M., Schramm, U., and Cowan, T. E.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Here we propose to exploit the low energy bandwidth, small wavelength and penetration power of ultrashort pulses from XFELs for resonant Small Angle Scattering (SAXS) on plasma structures in laser excited plasmas. Small angle scattering allows to detect nanoscale density fluctuations in forward scattering direction. Typically, the SAXS signal from laser excited plasmas is expected to be dominated by the free electron distribution. We propose that the ionic scattering signal becomes visible when the X-ray energy is in resonance with an electron transition between two bound states (Resonant coherent X-ray diffraction, RCXD). In this case the scattering cross-section dramatically increases so that the signal of X-ray scattering from ions silhouettes against the free electron scattering background which allows to measure the opacity and derived quantities with high spatial and temporal resolution, being fundamentally limited only by the X-ray wavelength and timing. Deriving quantities such as ion spatial distribution, charge state distribution and plasma temperature with such high spatial and temporal resolution will make a vast number of processes in shortpulse laser-solid interaction accessible for direct experimental observation e.g. hole-boring and shock propagation, filamentation and instability dynamics, electron transport, heating and ultrafast ionization dynamics.

Published
2015
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14. Investigation on laser absorption and x-ray radiation in microstructured titanium targets heated by short-pulse relativistic laser pulses

Author

Pan, X., primary, Šmíd, M., additional, Huang, L. G., additional, Kluge, T., additional, Bagnoud, V., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Cowan, T. E., additional, Colgan, J., additional, Ebert, T., additional, Hartnagel, D., additional, Hesse, M., additional, Hornung, J., additional, Kleinschmidt, A., additional, Perez-Martin, P., additional, Neukirch, A., additional, Philipp, K., additional, Sander, S., additional, Schaumann, G., additional, Tebartz, A., additional, Zielbauer, B., additional, Roth, M., additional, and Falk, K., additional

Published
2024
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15. Efficiency determination of resistive plate chambers for fast quasi-monoenergetic neutrons

Author

Röder, M., Elekes, Z., Aumann, T., Bemmerer, D., Boretzky, K., Caesar, C., Cowan, T. E., Hehner, J., Heil, M., Kempe, M., Maroussov, V., Nusair, O., Prokofiev, A. V., Reifarth, R., Sobiella, M., Stach, D., Wagner, A., Yakorev, D., Zilges, A., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Composite detectors made of stainless steel converters and multigap resistive plate chambers have been irradiated with quasi-monoenergetic neutrons with a peak energy of 175MeV. The neutron detection efficiency has been determined using two different methods. The data are in agreement with the output of Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations are then extended to study the response of a hypothetical array made of these detectors to energetic neutrons from a radioactive ion beam experiment., Comment: Submitted to Eur.Phys.J. A; upgraded version correcting some typos and updating ref. 6

Published
2014
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18. Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures

Author

Lütgert, J., Vorberger, J., Hartley, N. J., Voigt, K., Rödel, M., Schuster, A. K., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Brown, S., Cowan, T. E., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Glenzer, S. H., Laso Garcia, A., Gericke, D. O., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Vinci, T., Ravasio, A., and Kraus, D.

Published
2021
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20. Relativistic many-body calculations of the Stark-induced amplitude of the 6P1/2 -7P1/2 transition in thallium

Author

Safronova, M. S., Safronova, W. R. Johnson. U. I., and Cowan, T. E.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Stark-induced amplitudes for the 6P1/2 - 7P1/2 transition in Tl I are calculated using the relativistic SD approximation in which single and double excitations of Dirac-Hartree-Fock levels are summed to all orders in perturbation theory. Our SD values alpha S = 368 a0 3 and beta S= 298 a 0 3 are in good agreement with the measurements alpha S=377(8) a 0 3$ and beta S = 313(8) a 0 3 by D. DeMille, D. Budker, and E. D. Commins [Phys. Rev. A 50, 4657 (1994)]. Calculations of the Stark shifts in the 6P1/2 - 7P1/2 and 6P1/2 - 7S1/2 transitions are also carried out. The Stark shifts predicted by our calculations agree with the most accurate measured values within the experimental uncertainties for both transitions.

Published
2006
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21. Evidence for Crystalline Structure in Dynamically-Compressed Polyethylene up to 200 GPa

Author

Hartley, N. J., Brown, S., Cowan, T. E., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Laso Garcia, A., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Ravasio, A., Rödel, M., Rohatsch, K., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Schuster, A. K., Sun, P., van Driel, T., Vorberger, J., and Kraus, D.

Published
2019
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22. Laboratory formation of a scaled protostellar jet by coaligned poloidal magnetic field

Author

Albertazzi, B., Ciardi, A., Nakatsutsumi, M., Vinci, T., Béard, J., Bonito, R., Billette, J., Borghesi, M., Burkley, Z., Chen, S. N., Cowan, T. E., Herrmannsdörfer, T., Higginson, D. P., Kroll, F., Pikuz, S. A., Naughton, K., Romagnani, L., Riconda, C., Revet, G., Riquier, R., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Skobelev, I. Yu., Faenov, A.Ya., Soloviev, A., Huarte-Espinosa, M., Frank, A., Portugall, O., Pépin, H., and Fuchs, J.

Published
2014

23. Laser Accelerated, High Quality Ion Beams

Author

Roth, M., Blazevic, A., Brambrink, E., Geissel, M., Cowan, T. E., Fuchs, J., Kemp, A., Ruhl, H., Audebert, P., Cobble, J., Fernandez, J., Hegelich, M., Letzring, S., Ledingham, K., Mckenna, P., Clarke, R., Neely, D., Karsch, S., Habs, D., Schreiber, J., Błaszczak, Z., editor, Markov, B., editor, and Marinova, K., editor

Published
2006
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24. Software for 'Optimized laser ion acceleration at the relativistic critical density surface'

Author

Göthel, I., Bernert, C., Bussmann, M., Garten, M., Miethlinger, T., Rehwald, M., Zeil, K., Ziegler, T., Cowan, T. E., Schramm, U., Kluge, T., Göthel, I., Bernert, C., Bussmann, M., Garten, M., Miethlinger, T., Rehwald, M., Zeil, K., Ziegler, T., Cowan, T. E., Schramm, U., and Kluge, T.

Abstract

In the effort of achieving high-energetic ion beams from the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with a plasma, volumetric acceleration mechanisms beyond Target Normal Sheath Acceleration have gained attention. A relativisticly intense laser can turn a near critical density plasma slowly transparent, facilitating a synchronized acceleration of ions at the moving relativistic critical density front. While simulations promise extremely high ion energies in in this regime, the challenge resides in the realization of a synchronized movement of the ultra-relativistic laser pulse ($a_0\gtrsim 30$) driven reflective relativistic electron front and the fastest ions, which imposes a narrow parameter range on the laser and plasma parameters.  We present an analytic model for the relevant processes, confirmed by a broad parameter simulation study in 1D- and 3D-geometry. By tayloring the pulse length and plasma density profile at the front side, we can optimize the proton acceleration performance and extend the regions in parameter space of efficient ion acceleration at the relativistic relativistic density surface.

Published
2022

26. Calorimeter with Bayesian unfolding of spectra of high-flux broadband x rays

Author

Laso Garcia, A., primary, Hannasch, A., additional, Molodtsova, M., additional, Ferrari, A., additional, Couperus Cadabağ, J. P., additional, Downer, M. C., additional, Irman, A., additional, Kraft, S. D., additional, Metzkes-Ng, J., additional, Naumann, L., additional, Prencipe, I., additional, Schramm, U., additional, Zeil, K., additional, Zgadzaj, R., additional, Ziegler, T., additional, and Cowan, T. E., additional

Published
2022
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32. Using XFELs to Probe Extreme Magnetic Fields in Relativistic High Power Laser Matter Interactions

Author

Huang, L. G., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Toncian, T., Kluge, T., and Cowan, T. E.

Abstract

The relativistic laser matter interaction is a complex interplay of ionization, extreme current densities, rapidly evolving strong fields and acceleration processes. Understanding the interaction physics is a challenging but highly rewarding endeavor. The recently commissioned X-Ray free electron lasers (XFELs) with unprecedented brightness and polarization purity open a new window for discovering the interior of solid-density plasmas created by relativistic laser interactions with matter, resolving the relevant femtosecond and nanometer scales experimentally. Here, we focus on discussing the feasibility of probing the Kilotesla to Megatesla-level magnetic fields by X-Ray polarimetry via Faraday rotation using XFELs. The synthetic simulations show that XFELs are capable to detect the extreme magnetic fields from relativistic laser interactions with solid and near-critical density targets[1, 2]. [1] L. G. Huang, H. P. Schlenvoigt, H. Takabe, and T. E. Cowan, Physics of Plasmas 24, 103115 (2017). [2] T. Wang, T. Toncian, M. S. Wei, and A. V. Arefiev, Physics of Plasmas 26, 013105 (2019).

Published
2021

33. Synthetic probing of ionization dynamics in the solid density plasmas driven by relativistic laser pulses using resonant SAXS

Author

Huang, L. G., Kluge, T., Gaus, L., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., and Cowan, T. E.

Abstract

Understanding the ionization dynamics is fundamentally important in the interaction of a relativistic laser pulse with a solid density target. In this talk, firstly we present the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with various collisional ionization and potential models, showing the target heating, magnetic instabiltiy and plasma resistivity are highly model-dependent \cite{Huang2016,Huang2017}. Secondly, we propose to probe the evolution of ionic density at specific bound-bound resonances by scanning the XFEL photon energy via established SAXS method, which is cable to access the spatial–temporal resolution down to few nanometers and femtoseconds simultaneously. The plasma opacity plays a key role of the XFEL absorption, which in turn affects the resonant SAXS pattern contributed by the imaginary part of ionic scattering form factor\cite{Kluge2016}. We present the calculation of plasma opacity using the atomic collisional-radiative code SCFLY and further simulate the synthetic resonant SAXS imaging pattern which shows strong asymmetric feature. Our recently performed experiment reveals the connection of the temporal evolution of the asymmetry signal and ionization dynamics \cite{Gaus2020}. [1] L. G. Huang, T. Kluge, and T. E. Cowan, Physics of Plasmas23, 063112 (2016).[2] L. G. Huang, H. P. Schlenvoigt, H. Takabe, and T. E. Cowan, Physics of Plasmas24, 103115 (2017). [3] T. Kluge, M. Bussmann, H.-K. Chung, C. Gutt, L. G. Huang, M. Zacharias, U. Schramm, and T. E.Cowan, Physics of Plasmas23, 033103 (2016). [4] L. Gaus, L. Bischoff, M. Bussmann, E. Cunningham, C. B. Curry, E. Galtier, M. Gauthier, A. L.Garc ́ıa, M. Garten, S. Glenzer, J. Grenzer, C. Gutt, N. J. Hartley, L. Huang, U. H ̈ubner, D. Kraus,H. J. Lee, E. E. McBride, J. Metzkes-Ng, B. Nagler, M. Nakatsutsumi, J. Nikl, M. Ota, A. Pelka,I. Prencipe, L. Randolph, M. R ̈odel, Y. Sakawa, H.-P. Schlenvoigt, M.ˇSm ́ıd, F. Treffert, K. Voigt,K. Zeil, T. E. Cowan, U. Schramm, and T. Kluge, “Probing ultrafast laser plasma processes insidesolids with resonant small-angle x-ray scattering,” (2020), arXiv:2012.07922 [physics.plasm-ph].

Published
2021

34. Data for: Bremsstrahlung emission and plasma characterization driven by moderately relativistic laser–plasma interactions

Author

Singh, S., Armstrong, C. D., Kang, N., Ren, L., Liu, H., Hua, N., Rusby, D. R., Klimo, O., Versaci, R., Zhang, Y., Sun, M., Zhu, B., Lei, A., Ouyang, X., Lancia, L., Laso Garcia, A., Wagner, A., Cowan, T. E., Zhu, J., Schlegel, T., Weber, S., McKenna, P., Neely, D., Tikhonchuk, V., and Kumar, D.

Subjects
Bremsstrahlung, Laser-plasma, Plasma physics
Abstract

Relativistic electrons generated by the interaction of petawatt-class short laser pulses with solid targets can be used to generate bright x-rays via bremsstrahlung. The efficiency of laser energy transfer into these electrons depends on multiple parameters including the focused intensity and pre-plasma level. This paper reports experimental results from the interaction of a high intensity petawatt-class glass laser pulses with solid targets at a maximum intensity of 1019 W cm−2. In-situ measurements of specularly reflected light are used to provide an upper bound of laser absorption and to characterize focused laser intensity, the pre-plasma level and the generation mechanism of second harmonic light. The measured spectrum of electrons and bremsstrahlung radiation provide information about the efficiency of laser energy transfer.

Published
2021

35. Bremsstrahlung emission and plasma characterization driven by moderately relativistic laser-plasma interactions

Author

Singh, S. K., Armstrong, C., Kang, N., Ren, L., Liu, H., Hua, N., Rusby, D. R., Klimo, O., Versaci, R., Zhang, Y., Sun, M., Zhu, B., Lei, A., Ouyang, X., Lancia, L., Laso Garcia, A., Wagner, A., Cowan, T. E., Schlegel, T., Weber, S., McKenna, P., Neely, D., Tikhonchuk, V. T., Kumar, D., Zhu, J., Singh, S. K., Armstrong, C., Kang, N., Ren, L., Liu, H., Hua, N., Rusby, D. R., Klimo, O., Versaci, R., Zhang, Y., Sun, M., Zhu, B., Lei, A., Ouyang, X., Lancia, L., Laso Garcia, A., Wagner, A., Cowan, T. E., Schlegel, T., Weber, S., McKenna, P., Neely, D., Tikhonchuk, V. T., Kumar, D., and Zhu, J.

Abstract

Relativistic electrons generated by the interaction of petawatt-class short laser pulses with solid targets can be used to generate bright X-rays via bremsstrahlung. The efficiency of laser energy transfer into these electrons depends on multiple parameters including focused intensity and pre-plasma level. This paper describes the experimental results from the interaction of a high intensity petawatt-class glass laser with solid targets at a maximum intensity of 10^19 W/cm^2. In-situ measurements of specularly reflected light were used to provide an upper bound of laser absorption and to characterize focused laser intensity, the pre-plasma level and the generation mechanism of second harmonic light. The measured spectrum of electrons and bremsstrahlung radiation provide information about the efficiency of laser energy transfer.

Published
2021

36. Proton beam quality enhancement by spectral phase control of a PW-class laser system

Author

(0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., Albach, D., Bernert, C., Bock, S., Brack, F.-E., Cowan, T. E., Dover, N. P., Garten, M., Gaus, L., Gebhardt, R., Goethel, I., Helbig, U., Irman, A., Kiriyama, H., Kluge, T., Kon, A., Kraft, S., Kroll, F., Loeser, M., Metzkes-Ng, J., Obst-Huebl, L., Püschel, T., Rehwald, M., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schramm, U., Zeil, K., (0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., Albach, D., Bernert, C., Bock, S., Brack, F.-E., Cowan, T. E., Dover, N. P., Garten, M., Gaus, L., Gebhardt, R., Goethel, I., Helbig, U., Irman, A., Kiriyama, H., Kluge, T., Kon, A., Kraft, S., Kroll, F., Loeser, M., Metzkes-Ng, J., Obst-Huebl, L., Püschel, T., Rehwald, M., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schramm, U., and Zeil, K.

Abstract

This repository contains the experimental raw data, the analyzed data and corresponding scripts as well as figures for the "Proton beam quality enhancement by spectral phase control of a PW-class laser system" publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86547-x

Published
2021

37. Data for: Bremsstrahlung emission and plasma characterization driven by moderately relativistic laser–plasma interactions

Author

(0000-0001-5754-2431) Singh, S., (0000-0002-0157-3746) Armstrong, C. D., (0000-0003-1232-3301) Kang, N., (0000-0003-1045-1924) Ren, L., (0000-0001-7621-4644) Liu, H., Hua, N., Rusby, D. R., Klimo, O., (0000-0002-6516-0764) Versaci, R., Zhang, Y., Sun, M., Zhu, B., Lei, A., Ouyang, X., Lancia, L., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso Garcia, A., (0000-0001-7575-3961) Wagner, A., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T. E., Zhu, J., Schlegel, T., (0000-0003-3154-9306) Weber, S., (0000-0001-8061-7091) McKenna, P., Neely, D., (0000-0001-7532-5879) Tikhonchuk, V., (0000-0002-7225-0549) Kumar, D., (0000-0001-5754-2431) Singh, S., (0000-0002-0157-3746) Armstrong, C. D., (0000-0003-1232-3301) Kang, N., (0000-0003-1045-1924) Ren, L., (0000-0001-7621-4644) Liu, H., Hua, N., Rusby, D. R., Klimo, O., (0000-0002-6516-0764) Versaci, R., Zhang, Y., Sun, M., Zhu, B., Lei, A., Ouyang, X., Lancia, L., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso Garcia, A., (0000-0001-7575-3961) Wagner, A., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T. E., Zhu, J., Schlegel, T., (0000-0003-3154-9306) Weber, S., (0000-0001-8061-7091) McKenna, P., Neely, D., (0000-0001-7532-5879) Tikhonchuk, V., and (0000-0002-7225-0549) Kumar, D.

Abstract

Relativistic electrons generated by the interaction of petawatt-class short laser pulses with solid targets can be used to generate bright x-rays via bremsstrahlung. The efficiency of laser energy transfer into these electrons depends on multiple parameters including the focused intensity and pre-plasma level. This paper reports experimental results from the interaction of a high intensity petawatt-class glass laser pulses with solid targets at a maximum intensity of 1019 W cm−2. In-situ measurements of specularly reflected light are used to provide an upper bound of laser absorption and to characterize focused laser intensity, the pre-plasma level and the generation mechanism of second harmonic light. The measured spectrum of electrons and bremsstrahlung radiation provide information about the efficiency of laser energy transfer.

Published
2021

40. LAB ASTROPHYSICS: Laboratory formation of a scaled protostellar jet by coaligned poloidal magnetic field

Author

Albertazzi, B., Ciardi, A., Nakatsutsumi, M., Vinci, T., Béard, J., Bonito, R., Billette, J., Borghesi, M., Burkley, Z., Chen, S. N., Cowan, T. E., Herrmannsdörfer, T., Higginson, D. P., Kroll, F., Pikuz, S. A., Naughton, K., Romagnani, L., Riconda, C., Revet, G., Riquier, R., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Skobelev, I. Yu., Faenov, A. Ya., Soloviev, A., Huarte-Espinosa, M., Frank, A., Portugall, O., Pépin, H., and Fuchs, J.

Published
2014
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42. Laser produced electromagnetic pulses: generation, detection and mitigation

Author

Consoli, F., Tikhonchuk, V. T., Bardon, M., Bradford, P., Carrol, D. C., Cikhardt, J., Cipriani, M., Clarke, R. J., Cowan, T. E., Danson, C. N., Angelis, R., Marco, M., Dubois, J.-L., Etchessahar, B., Laso Garcia, A., Hillier, D. I., Weiman, J., Kmetik, V., Krasa, J., Li, Y., Lubrano, F., McKenna, P., Metzkes-Ng, J., Poye, A., Prencipe, I., Raczka, P., Smith, R. A., Vrana, R., Woolsey, N. C., Zemaityte, E., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zielbauer, B., Neely, D., Honsa, A., Consoli, F., Tikhonchuk, V. T., Bardon, M., Bradford, P., Carrol, D. C., Cikhardt, J., Cipriani, M., Clarke, R. J., Cowan, T. E., Danson, C. N., Angelis, R., Marco, M., Dubois, J.-L., Etchessahar, B., Laso Garcia, A., Hillier, D. I., Weiman, J., Kmetik, V., Krasa, J., Li, Y., Lubrano, F., McKenna, P., Metzkes-Ng, J., Poye, A., Prencipe, I., Raczka, P., Smith, R. A., Vrana, R., Woolsey, N. C., Zemaityte, E., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zielbauer, B., Neely, D., and Honsa, A.

Abstract

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the problems related to the generation, detection and mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses created in the interaction of high-power, high-energy laser pulses with different types of solid targets. It includes new experimental data obtained independently at several international laboratories. The mechanisms of electromagnetic field generation are analyzed and considered as a function of the intensity and the spectral range of emissions they produce. The major emphasis is put on the GHz frequency domain, which is the most damaging for electronics and may have important applications. The physics of electromagnetic emissions in other spectral domains, in particular THz and MHz, is also discussed. The theoretical models and numerical simulations are compared with the results of experimental measurements, with special attention to the methodology of measurements and complementary diagnostics. Understanding the underlying physical processes is the basis for developing techniques to mitigate the electromagnetic threat and to harness electromagnetic emissions, which may have promising applications.

Published
2020

43. Femtosecond laser produced periodic plasma in a colloidal crystal probed by XFEL radiation

Author

Mukharamova, N., Lazarev, S., Meijer, J.-M., Gorobtsov, O. Y., Singer, A., Chollet, M., Bussmann, M., Dzhigaev, D., Feng, Y., Garten, M., Huebl, A., Kluge, T., Kurta, R. P., Lipp, V., Santra, R. J., Sikorski, M., Song, S., Williams, G., Zhu, D., Ziaja-Motyka, B., Cowan, T. E., Petukhov, A. V., Vartanyants, I. A., Mukharamova, N., Lazarev, S., Meijer, J.-M., Gorobtsov, O. Y., Singer, A., Chollet, M., Bussmann, M., Dzhigaev, D., Feng, Y., Garten, M., Huebl, A., Kluge, T., Kurta, R. P., Lipp, V., Santra, R. J., Sikorski, M., Song, S., Williams, G., Zhu, D., Ziaja-Motyka, B., Cowan, T. E., Petukhov, A. V., and Vartanyants, I. A.

Abstract

With the rapid development of short-pulse intense laser sources, studies of matter under extreme irradiation conditions enter further unexplored regimes. In addition, an application of X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) delivering intense femtosecond X-ray pulses, allows to investigate sample evolution in IR pump - X-ray probe experiments with an unprecedented time resolution. Here we present a detailed study of the periodic plasma created from the colloidal crystal. Both experimental data and theory modeling show that the periodicity in the sample survives to a large extent the extreme excitation and shock wave propagation inside the colloidal crystal. This feature enables probing the excited crystal, using the powerful Bragg peak analysis, in contrast to the conventional studies of dense plasma created from bulk samples for which probing with Bragg diffraction technique is not possible. X-ray diffraction measurements of excited colloidal crystals may then lead towards a better understanding of matter phase transitions under extreme irradiation conditions.

Published
2020

44. Spectral Control via Multi-Species Effects in PW-Class Laser-Ion Acceleration

Author

(0000-0003-1943-7141) Huebl, A., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., (0000-0001-9236-8037) Obst-Huebl, L., (0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0003-1642-0459) Widera, R., Zeil, K., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T. E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0003-1943-7141) Huebl, A., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., (0000-0001-9236-8037) Obst-Huebl, L., (0000-0002-3727-7017) Ziegler, T., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0003-1642-0459) Widera, R., Zeil, K., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T. E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., and (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T.

Abstract

Laser-ion acceleration with ultra-short pulse, PW-class lasers is dominated by non-thermal, intra-pulse plasma dynamics. The presence of multiple ion species or multiple charge states in targets leads to characteristic modulations and even mono-energetic features, depending on the choice of target material. As spectral signatures of generated ion beams are frequently used to characterize underlying acceleration mechanisms, thermal, multi-fluid descriptions require a revision for predictive capabilities and control in next-generation particle beam sources. We present an analytical model with explicit inter-species interactions, supported by extensive ab initio simulations. This enables us to derive important ensemble properties from the spectral distribution resulting from those multi-species effects for arbitrary mixtures. We further propose a potential experimental implementation with a novel cryogenic target, delivering jets with variable mixtures of hydrogen and deuterium. Free from contaminants and without strong influence of hardly controllable processes such as ionization dynamics, this would allow a systematic realization of our predictions for the multi-species effect.

Published
2020

46. Laser Accelerated, High Quality Ion Beams

Author

Roth, M., Blazevic, A., Brambrink, E., Geissel, M., Cowan, T. E., Fuchs, J., Kemp, A., Ruhl, H., Audebert, P., Cobble, J., Fernandez, J., Hegelich, M., Letzring, S., Ledingham, K., McKenna, P., Clarke, R., Neely, D., Karsch, S., Habs, D., and Schreiber, J.

Published
2005
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47. ReLaX: the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields high-intensity short-pulse laser driver for relativistic laser–matter interaction and strong-field science using the high energy density instrument at the European X-ray free electron laser facility

Author

Laso Garcia, A., primary, Höppner, H., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Bähtz, C., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Di Dio Cafiso, S., additional, Dreyer, J., additional, Göde, S., additional, Hassan, M., additional, Kluge, T., additional, Liu, J., additional, Makita, M., additional, Möller, D., additional, Nakatsutsumi, M., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Priebe, G., additional, Schlenvoigt, H.-P., additional, Schwinkendorf, J.-P., additional, Šmíd, M., additional, Talposi, A.-M., additional, Toncian, M., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Schramm, U., additional, Cowan, T. E., additional, and Toncian, T., additional

Published
2021
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49. Plasma devices to guide and collimate a high density of MeV electrons

Author

Kodama, R., Sentoku, Y., Chen, Z. L., Kumar, G. R., Hatchett, S. P., Toyama, Y., Cowan, T. E., Freeman, R. R., Fuchs, J., Izawa, Y., Key, M. H., Kitagawa, Y., Kondo, K., Matsuoka, T., Nakamura, H., Nakatsutsumi, M., Norreys, P. A., Norimatsu, T., Snavely, R. A., Stephens, R. B., Tampo, M., Tanaka, K. A., and Yabuuchi, T.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): R. Kodama (corresponding author) [1]; Y. Sentoku [2]; Z. L. Chen [1]; G. R. Kumar [1, 8]; S. P. Hatchett [3]; Y. Toyama [1]; T. E. Cowan [2]; R. [...]

Published
2004
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