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Additional file 1: Figure S1. The plasma level of endotoxin was significantlyelevated in the UTI mice compared to non-UTI controls. The endotoxin level was quantifiedusing a chromogenic endotoxin quantification kit. Quantitative data areexpressed in mean �� SD. ****p < 0.0001. Figure S2. UTI causes an increase in plasma IL-6 levels by 36 hourspost-inoculation that is sustained at 72 hours. Blood was collected at baseline, 36-, and 72-hours post-inoculation andplasma IL-6 levels were quantified via ELISA. The data show that there is anapproximate, and significant 8-fold increase in plasma IL-6 acutely followingtransurethral inoculation that persists at 72 hours, which is the final timepoint for all other cohorts. Quantitative data are expressed in mean �� SD. *p< 0.05, **p < 0.01. Figure S3. ��-IL-6 treatment to non-UTI micecauses no change in either brain histology or behavior. Non-inoculated,wild-type mice were given the same ��-IL6 antibody treatments as the UTI cohort,i.e., once daily doses for 3 days. A-B: IHC analysis of CC3 levels within thefrontal cortex and hippocampus showed no difference in animals treated with theantibody compared to those treated with saline (vehicle). C-M: The miceunderwent behavioral testing (i.e., open field and Y-Maze) and treated miceshowed no difference in behavior compared to controls. Quantitative data areexpressed in mean �� SD. Figure S4. There is no significant difference in overalllocomotor activity in UTI compared to control or UTI+��-IL-6 groups. A-E: Quantitative dataof open field behavioral test show no significant difference in total distancetraveled, average speed, maximum speed, total mobile time, or total immobiletime between the groups. F-G: Quantitative dataof Y-maze behavioral test showing no significant change in the total number ofentries in different arms between the experimental groups. Each dot representsone animal (n=9 in control, n=10 in UTI, n=12 in UTI+��-IL-6). Figure S5. A: Quantitativedata via ELISA corroborate immunohistochemistry findings by showing significantmitigation of frontal IL-6 in UTI mice treated with systemic anti-IL-6antibody compared to UTI mice. B: Quantitative data via RT-PCR show nosignificant differences in cortical IL-6 mRNA across the three experimentalgroups. Quantitative data are expressed in mean �� SD. *p < 0.05, ****p