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Introduction La démence est une réalité au cours de l’infection au virus immunodéficience humaine. Au Mali aucune étude spécifique n’a été réalisée pour déterminer cette fréquence. L’objectif de cette étude est de : Déterminer la fréquence de la démence associée au virus immunodéficience humaine au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point G Déterminer le profil clinique et les facteurs de risque de la démence associée au virus immunodéficience humaine. Méthodologie : Il s’agit d’une étude prospective allant de la période de juillet 2009 à Aout 2010. Au Total 113 patients séropositifs âgés de 16 ans et plus ont été colligés dans les services de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, le service de neurologie et le service des urgences du CHU point G. Les données ont été collectées en utilisant une fiche d’enquête clinique préétablie. Les patients étaient interviewés et évalués en utilisant l’Echelle International d’Evaluation des Troubles démentiels du malade VIH Le score total est égal à 12 points, un score inférieur ou égal à 10 est considéré comme anormal pouvant faire évoquer une démence chez un malade séropositif. . Résultats : La fréquence de la démence associée au virus immunodéficience était de (69,9%). L’état clinique très avancé, l’altération des activités de la vie quotidienne, le faible niveau d’étude, le stade du Syndrome Immunodéficience Acquis, et le taux de lymphocytes CD4 ont été retenus comme des facteurs ayant des influences très considérables sur la survenue de la démence liée au virus immunodéficience humaine Conclusion : L’échelle internationale d’évaluation des troubles démentiels du malade VIH est un test qui permet le dépistage de la démence au cours de l’infection au virus immunodéficience humaine. Soixante-dix pourcent des patients de notre série étaient déments avec un score inférieur ou égal à 10. La tranche d’âge de 25à 35 ans était la plus touchée avec 34,51% des cas.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value positive of the WHO threshold strategy for detecting meningococcal disease epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa and to estimate the impact of the strategy on an epidemic at district level. METHODS: Data on meningitis cases at the district level were collected weekly from health ministries, WHO country and regional offices, and nongovernmental organizations in countries where there were epidemics of meningococcal disease in 1997. An epidemic was defined as a cumulative district attack rate of at least 100 cases per 100 000 population from January to May, the period of epidemic risk. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value positive of the WHO threshold rate were calculated, and curves of sensitivity against (1 - specificity) were compared with alternatively defined threshold rates and epidemic sizes. The impact of the WHO strategy on a district epidemic was estimated by comparing the numbers of epidemic cases with cases estimated to have been prevented by vaccination. FINDINGS: An analysis was made of 48 198 cases reported in 174 districts in Benin, Burkina Faso, the Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Togo. These cases were 80.3% of those reported from Africa to WHO during the 1997 epidemic period. District populations ranged from 10 298 to 573 908. The threshold rate was crossed during two consecutive weeks in 69 districts (39.7%) and there were epidemics in 66 districts (37.9%). Overall, the sensitivity of the threshold rate for predicting epidemics was 97%, the specificity was 95%, and the predictive value positive was 93%. Taken together, these values were equivalent or better than the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value positive of alternatively defined threshold rates and epidemics, and remained high regardless of district size. The estimated number of potential epidemic cases decreased by nearly 60% in the age group targeted for vaccination in one district where the guidelines were followed in a timely manner. CONCLUSION: The use of the WHO strategy was sensitive and specific for the early detection of meningococcal disease epidemics in countries of sub-Saharan Africa during 1997 and had a substantial impact on a district epidemic. Nevertheless, the burden of meningococcal disease in these countries remains formidable and additional control measures are needed.

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Protected areas play a crucial role in preserving biological diversity, providing ecosystem services, and regulating hydroclimatic processes. However, the environmental balance of these areas is increasingly under threat due to rapid population growth, high demand for natural resources, and the effects of global warming. To address this, sustainable management of protected areas is essential. This study aims to develop a methodology for monitoring and assessing levels of nocturnal anthropogenic aggression in the Comoé National Park (CNP) in Côte d’Ivoire. By using geospatial data from the Day/Night Band of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS/DNB), the study characterizes the nocturnal anthropization of CNP through the use of several indices. First, light reflectance density is used to identify nighttime light emission foci. Second, the lighted area density index (LADI) is employed to understand the nature of nocturnal activities taking place within CNP, as indicated by artificial light at night (ALAN). Finally, the light intensity index (LII) is used to evaluate the degree of influence of nocturnal anthropogenic activities on biodiversity. The study also found important activities through LADI and observed a high level of light pollution in CNP. Ultimately, the findings of this study indicate that there is a significant level of nocturnal anthropization within CNP, highlighting the need for effective management and conservation efforts in the area.

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this work was to apply the LINE Algorithm (Segment Extraction Algorithm) on Landsat 8 images for automatic lineament extraction in the Denguélé district. The Landsat 8 images had previously been subjected to the technique of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). After that, we implemented the LINE algorithm. Indeed, the LINE algorithm uses the following six (6) parameters : RADI (Radius of the filter) for improving the quality of the input image, GTHR (Threshold of the contour gradient), LTHR (Threshold of the contour length), FTHR (Threshold of mounting error), ATHR (Angular difference threshold between two contours ) and DTHR (Distance chaining threshold to link two contours ) for lineament discrimination. Analysis of the principal components PCA 1, PCA2 and PCA3 of bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of the Landsat 8 images shows that they contain respectively 79.57; 15.88 and 2.15%, this represents overall 97.6% of all channels. 3468 lineaments were extracted. The minimum and maximum lengths of the lineaments extracted are respectively 4201.08 m and 16167.59 m and their cumulative length is 18 919 517.9 m. The lineaments average lengths are 5.55 km; 5.75 km; 5.6 km and 5.40 km respectively for NE-SW, NS, E-W and NW-SE directions. The analysis of the directions of the lineaments using a rose diagram with 10 ° of frequency, shows that the dominant directions are NE-SW (31.83% of the total lineaments), EW (28.71% of the total lineaments) and NS (27.91% of the total lineaments). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granular cell tumors (GCT) are rare ubiquitous site tumors with a predilection for the head and neck localization. In the oral cavity tongue is the preferential localization. They occur at all ages and are most often benign. They are characterized by the proliferation of large cells with abundant, granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry often helps in diagnosis. The authors report the observation of a 3-year-old child consulting for a right jugal node evolving for about 2 years. Surgical excision was carried out and the histological examination showed anastomosed clusters of large cells, rounded or oval, with granular or xanthelamized cytoplasm, separated by fibro-collagenous partitions and the presence of giant multinucleated cells. The diagnosis of granular cell tumors was retained. The operating suites were simple. The one-year check did not show any recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it has been practiced for many decades, agriculture has had a significant negative impact on the environment. More land, fertiliser, and pesticides had been used to increase the yield to meet the demands of an expanding population. Consequences included deforestation and soil degradation as well as the extinction of biodiversity, irrigation issues, and pollution, among other things. This has resulted in developing a new type of agriculture known as sustainable agriculture to remedy the situation. Specifically, the goal is to “meet the food and textile needs of society in the present without risking the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Using appropriate agricultural practices to implement sustainable agriculture is the most effective method of accomplishing this goal. According to research, farmers’ decisions to effectively adopt sustainable agricultural practices are influenced by a variety of factors. In this paper, we firstly give an overview of sustainable agriculture practices. Then, we review the various factors affecting the adoption of these practices, and finally, we highlight the gap found in the literature.

Résumé: Un nouveau-né de 3 heures de vie présente un œdème palpébral bilatéral avec érythème et hypertrophie inflammatoire des conjonctives palpébrales. La PCR du prélèvement conjonctival obtenu par écouvillonnage met en évidence la présence d'ADN de Chlamydia Trachomatis. Un traitement par Erytromycine suspension 125mg/5ml est initié, complété par l'application locale de oxytétracycline pommade 1% et Azyther collyres. A newborn 3 hours old newborn presented bilateral eyelid edema with erythema and inflammatory hypertrophy of the palpebral conjunctiva. PCR of the conjunctival swabbing showed the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA. Treatment with erythromycin suspension 125 mg/5 ml was initiated, supplemented by topical application of oxytetracycline ointment 1% and Azyter eye drops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the blood glucose profile in acutely ill children admitted to a paediatric ward and to evaluate the prognosis of the association between hypoglycaemia (blood glucose < 3.3 mmol/l) or hyperglycaemia (blood glucose ≥ 6.9 mmol/l) and disease condition. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 16th June 2014 to 16th December 2014 in Abobo North General Hospital in Abidjan. Five hundred and two (502) children aged one month to fifteen years were recruited. Random capillary blood glucose (BG) level was measured in all children using a glucometer Accu-chek Active. Data were analysed by the use of STATA 13 and the Chi-square test was used for proportions analysis. The prevalence rate of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia were respectively 9 and 11%. These blood glucose abnormalities in acutely ill children occurred in various disease conditions and were most common in children under five years - 4.8 % had severe hypoglycaemia (BG >2.2mmol/l) while 11.7 % had hyperglycaemia with 3.3 % reaching a BG >10 mmol/l. In hypoglycaemia, the BG levels ranged from 0.6 to 3.2 mmol/l and were most common in children aged less than five years. The mortality of children who presented on admission with a blood glucose abnormality was 4.0%. We recommend routine determination of BG levels, which may help decrease mortality linked to abnormal levels in ill children admitted to pediatric wards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During electrical accidents, various mechanisms are observed: electric flash, electric arc, lightning and true electrification. Whatever the mechanism, various types of lesions can be observed such as subarachnoid hemorrhages. Exposure to a high voltage current, the appearance of initial consciousness disorder, the existence of skin burn lesions testifying to the passage of current through the cephalic end homolateral to the hemorrhage, the existence of hemorrhage meningeal at d0, the real existence of this complication in victims of lightning strikes (which is an electric shock) and the existence of a similar case in the literature make electric accidents, an etiology of hemorrhage meningeal.

Introduction: Interpersonal violence (IPV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem affecting predominantly the face. Patients and methods: This study reports the characteristics of violence, victims and injuries in IPV-related facial injuries patients, in a 10-year survey, in a tertiary hospital of Burkina Faso. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 11 to 75 years (mean 31 years) and 58.2% of the patients were aged between 20 and 39 years. There were 74 males and females 24 giving a male-to-female ratio of 3.1:1. The circumstances of injuries were brawls (80.6%) consisting mostly in facial blows, and hold-ups (19.4%). Fractures involving predominantly the mandible or the zygomatic complex were the most common injury, accounting for 53.2%. Soft tissues injuries accounted for 37.2% and dental trauma for 9.2%. In 27.5% of the patients, extra facial injuries were encountered, dominated by cerebral trauma and limb fractures. Conclusion: In this study, IPV-related facial injuries are mostly mandibular or zygomatic fractures in young and males adults involved in brawls. These findings command strategies for prevention of violence in this specific group.

Introduction: Surgery of maxilla ameloblastoma is mutilating and the tumor propensity for recurrence high. Patients and Methods: The oral and visual functions, facial morphology and tumor recurrence in 11 patients after maxillary ameloblastoma surgery are retrospectively reviewed. Results: Facial morphology was satisfactory in 7 patients who had all tumor removal by a type 1 or 2A maxillectomy and surgical wound closure. Out of these patients, 4 who had dental rehabilitation by conventional prosthesis presented satisfactory mastication. Four patients subjected to the tumor removal by a type 3 maxillectomy had all facial asymmetry. Out of these, 1 patient who did not have the orbital floor defect repair presented diplopia and enophtalmos, 2 patients subjected to the palate defect repair by a prosthetic obturator or oral mucosa had elocution impairment. The tumor recurrence occurred in 2 patients after tumor enucleation and in 1 patient after radical surgery out of 8 patients who had a postoperative follow-up. Discussion: In ameloblastoma surgery, achieving both the tumor recurrence prevention and a satisfactory facial reconstruction is challenging. Conclusion: Avoiding the tumor recurrence should be the major goal when patient post-surgical follow-up cannot be guaranteed.

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Orbitozygomatic fractures are an important aspect of facial trauma. Although the literature in maxillofacial surgery is rich on the question, this article resulting from the experience of a maxillofacial surgeon brings additional data in the knowledge of the subject. This is particularly the case with regard to the principles of examination, the pathways first, the principles of restraint and osteosynthesis, and the various surgery-related complications, as well as the precautions to be adopted to minimize them. The most important thing to remember is that the management approach is often variable, and the right choice is summed up in the clinical perception and level of expertise and comfort of the surgeon, while also considering the patient's point of view.

Copyright of Mali Médical is the property of Mali Medical, Faculte de Medecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)