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The prevalence of chronic renal failure (CRF) in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients could vary from one country to another depending on the modalities of management. The aim of the present study was to appreciate the epidemiology of CRF in SCD patients from black Africa in order to search for promoting factors. One hundred SCD adult patients have been considered for the study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been estimated according to the CKD-EPI formula. Three groups of patients have been identified according to the value of their GFR. The mean age of the patients was 30.84±8.26 years. Male gender has represented 51% of the study population. The mean GFR value was 175.4±86.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The prevalence of CRF was 11%. About 3% of them had severe CRF. Subjects with normal GFR were 20%. Subjects with glomerular hyperfiltration (HF) were 69%. By univariate analysis, when subjects with HF were compared with those presenting normal GFR, the following factors have appeared to be significantly associated: female gender (female 60.9% versus male 39.1%; P<0.01), weight <60 kg (weight <60 kg; 53.67±9.45 kg versus weight >60 kg; 59.9±9.41 kg; P<0.008), age <30 years (younger age 29.36±7.9 years versus older age 35.14±8.02 years; P<0.001), lower hemoglobin value (9.38±2,3 g/dL versus 10.33±2.61 g/dL; P<0.04). By logistic regression analysis, age <30 years (age >30 years; OR=0.12 [CI95% 0.03-04]; P<0.001), female gender (male gender; OR=0.17 [0.04-0.64]; P<0.01), weight <60 kg (weight >60 kg; OR=0.19 [CI95% 0.05-0.72]; P<0.01) were associated with HF. By univariate analysis, when subjects with CRF were compared with those presenting normal GFR, a lower hemoglobin value was significantly associated with CRF (7.92±2.7 g/dL versus 10.43±2.5 g/dL; P<0.009). There was a trend for subjects not being under maintenance therapy to more experience CRF (36.4% versus 70%; P<0.07). By logistic regression analysis, only a low hemoglobin value was associated to CRF (higher hemoglobin level; OR=0.55 [0.20-6.3]; P<0.01). In total, CRF and HF are frequent complications in SCD adult patients from black Africa., (Copyright © 2015 Association Société de néphrologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

Viral infections are an important complication of transplantation. Polyomavirus are the commonest viruses that infect the renal allograft. Herpes virus nephropathy has also been described. In the past 15 years, adenovirus nephritis has emerged as a potentially life-threatening disease in renal transplant patients in developed countries. Most of the papers devoted to adenovirus nephritis are reported cases. The fate of such patients in resources-limited countries is not known. Herein, we describe the clinical, biological and prognostic findings of a black African transplanted patient with adenoviral hemorrhagic cystitis. This case is the very first of its kind reported in black Africa in a setting of a start of a renal transplantation pilot project. The patient is a 54-year-old man admitted at the nephrology service for gross haematuria and fever occurred 1 month after kidney transplantation. The diagnosis of adenoviral hemorrhagic cystitis has been suspected because the patient has displayed recurrent conjunctivitis and gastroenteritis well before transplantation, which was then confirmed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction performed on the blood. Conservatory measures associated with immunosuppression reduction have permitted the discontinuation of haematuria. This case has been discussed in regard of the epidemiology, the diagnosis, the treatment, the evolution and the prognosis of the adenoviral infection in the renal transplant patient. A review of the literature has been performed subsequently., (Copyright © 2015 Association Société de néphrologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a diagnostic emergency threatening patients in a major way. Pediatric renal extra purification methods are limited in African countries due to the nonavailability of resources. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) seems to be the modality that is the most practiced for children with acute renal failure (ARF)., Methodology: We conducted a retrospective study on 5 years of records of children from 1 month to 15 years who have suffered an ARF and benefited from PD while being treated at the pediatric nephrology unit of the Chu of Yopougon. ARF is defined as the condition that exists when the serum creatinine level is high or equal to 200 µmol/l outside any underlying uropathies., Results: Out of the hospitalized 88 children for AKI, 33 were on PD. Twenty-two children have been on dialysis while 9 children had to discontinue treatment due to financial problems. The sex ratio was 0.46 and the average age was 8.1. The etiologies of the AKI were predominantly glomerular diseases (45%), malaria (31.8%), and secondary interstitial nephritis of toxic origin. The indications of the PD are anuria (31%), hyperkalemia (18%), acute edema of lung (13%), and hyperuremia (13%). Eight children had automated peritoneal dialysis, 02 children underwent manual PD, and 9 children had both methods of treatment. We recorded 31 mechanical complications and 10 infections. While 8 children died, 10 recovered from AKI., Conclusion: Trained surgical medical personnel and favorable economic statuses of patients are the factors that will determine the success of PD in our country., (© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.)