Search

Up to February 2020, Chad’s economy continued its gradual, but mild recovery, supported by a substantial increase in oil and agriculture production. Since March 2020, like in the rest of the world, the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed Chad’s macroeconomic outlook. Chad’s economic prospects have not only been clouded, but they remain subject to considerable downside risks. To mitigate the negative impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Chad, the authorities announced economic and social measures to support households and private companies in recent months. The authorities are to continue to strengthen some measures already taken while introducing new measures to protect lives, livelihoods, and the future.

Current measures of fiscal impoverishment and gains are not consistent with the law of diminishing returns. This paper proposes new measures of fiscal impoverishment and gains that are consistent with the law of diminishing returns, based on a methodology that gives more significance to greater income gaps, and more importance to the experience of the poorest individuals within the fiscal system. The new indicators are decomposable and cover the incidence, intensity, and severity of fiscal impoverishment and gains. An empirical illustration using the 2014 household consumption data reveals that, overall, in Niger the fiscal system is improving the welfare of the population: only 33.2 percent of the population has become poorer due to the fiscal system, while the remaining 66.8 percent has become richer because of it. Moreover, the mean relative fiscal loss (0.014), is 11 percent lower than the mean relative fiscal gain (0.126).

This study assesses the redistributive effects of fiscal policy in Mali and Niger. Fiscal policy is poverty increasing in Mali (by 2.4 percentage points) and Niger (2.5 percentage points). This is a result of primarily two factors: indirect taxes (value-added taxes and import duties) and direct fiscal transfers. Although the richest people in Mali and Niger pay the majority of indirect taxes, the poorest people pay a nonnegligible amount (more than 8 and 10 percent for the bottom three deciles, respectively). Although existing direct fiscal transfers have poverty-reducing effects, they are too small (Mali) or not well targeted (Niger).

Recently, FabLabs have been used and considered as new learning and production spaces. This communication will present and analyze activities in the field of educational robotics within these new spaces, while showing the interest, conditions and limits to transfer these spaces and practices in other contexts, like in an initiative in Mali., En los últimos años, han surgido nuevos espacios de aprendizaje y producción en forma de "FabLabs". Este artículo propone presentar y analizar actividades en el campo de la robótica educativa dentro de estos nuevos espacios, al tiempo que muestra las condiciones y dificultades para transferir estos espacios y prácticas en otros contextos, a través de una primera iniciativa en Mali., Depuis quelques années, de nouveaux espaces d'apprentissage et de production ont vu le jour sous forme de FabLabs. Cet article se propose de présenter et d'analyser l'intérêt de la robotique éducative au sein de ces nouveaux d'espaces, tout en montrant les conditions et les difficultés à transférer ces espaces et ces pratiques dans plusieurs contextes, à travers une première initiative au Mali.

Fragile countries face a triple data challenge. Up-to-date information is needed to deal with rapidly changing circumstances and to design adequate responses. Yet, fragile countries are among the most data deprived, while collecting new information in such circumstances is very challenging. This open access book presents innovations in data collection developed with decision makers in fragile countries in mind. Looking at innovations in Africa from mobile phone surveys monitoring the Ebola crisis, to tracking displaced people in Mali, this collection highlights the challenges in data collection researchers face and how they can be overcome.