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Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) structurally related to aspartic protease, expressed in the outer epithelial cell layer (trophectoderm) of ungulate placenta. Ovine PAG (ovPAG) synthesized by mono- and binucleic trophoblast before complete implantation at Day 14-15. Of this, ovPAG could be used as a marker for early pregnancy. The objective of study was to extract and isolate PAG from placenta of Garut Sheep collected at term and to characterize their molecular weight. The procedures included extraction of protein at neutral pH (cotyledon was thawed, minced, added PBS, blended and centrifuged), acidic (H3PO41M, pH 4,5; centrifuged) and ammonium sulfate (40% and 80% (NH4)SO4, centrifuged) precipitation; gel filtration (Sephadex-G75), anion exchange chromatography (DEAE- cellulose). Cotyledon extract was subjected to Sephadex-G75 and DEAE cellulose, and their fractions were measured their absorbances. Absorbances of Sephadex-G75 and DEAE fractions at peak were assayed for protein concentration (Bichinconinic protein assay). Continuously, these fractions were subjected to monogel SDS-PAGE and stained by Commassie Brilliant Blue. It was four different molecular weights isolating from cotyledon of Garut Sheep, namely 68.8, 36.04, 32.39 and 12.18 kDa. However, after chromatography anion exchange (DEAE-cellulose), only three bands exist, those were 71,67; 33,64 and 30,86 kDa.

Jatropha curcas is a small flowering plant belonging to Euphorbiaceae family. J. curcas oil seed had been used as an alternative energy to replace petroleum. Improvement of oil production from J.curcas has been done by conventional breeding and molecular biology. Genetic engineering has emerged as a potential technique to develop J. curcas plant quality. J. curcas genome can be modified by adding desired gene by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. A desired gene ligated to pCAMBIA were cloned into A. tumefaciens and transformed into J. curcas cotyledone explants. A reporter gene called gus was successfully transformed into J. curcas cotyledone explants. The regeneration of the explants used tissue culture technique. However, established tissue culture method may not give the same result due to genetic variation from the explants. Therefore optimization of tissue culture media and genetic transformation for J. curcas genotype Jatromas needs to be done. The media optimization was done by combining IBA and BAP for callus induction and combination of IBA, BAP, and GA3 for shoot induction. The most optimum media for J. curcas genotype Jatromas callus induction was BIL (1.5 mg l -1 BAP + 0.10 mg l -1 IBA) with 14.10 mm diameter and 100% callusing. SIG (2 mg l -1 BAP + 0.05 mg l -1 IBA + 0.5 GA3) was the most optimum media for shoot induction with 45% of shoot development.