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[Display omitted] • MXene and polydopamine modified SiO 2 particles to create structural colors. • MSiO 2 /PDA@MXene spheres were formed by electrostatic assembly and hydrogen bonding. • The stable structural color-coated fabrics exhibited excellent antioxidant properties. In recent years, there has been a notable shift towards the use of structural colors in textile dyeing, replacing traditional chemical dyes. This change is primarily attributed to the increasing popularity of structural colors due to their eco-friendly characteristics. In thus study, SiO 2 particles underwent modification with PDA and Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) to establish a core–shell structure, resulting in MSiO 2 /PDA@MXene photonic crystals characterized by electrostatic assembly and hydrogen bonding. These crystals comprise a SiO 2 core encased in black PDA@MXene shells. The PDA@MXene shell works by absorbing scattered light indiscriminately, thereby intensifying the vividness of the structural colors. Adjusting the size of the MSiO 2 /PDA@MXene microspheres enables the generation of diverse structural colors. Then, chitosan-coated cotton fabrics were decorated using photonic crystals of MSiO 2 /PDA@MXene. Coating cotton fabric with chitosan introduced positively charged groups onto its surface, which enabled electrostatic interaction with photonic crystals. The prepared fabrics also showed excellent antioxidant property, further enhancing their appeal for outdoor applications. These structural colors offer a sustainable substitute for conventional textile dyes, meeting the increasing need for environmentally conscious practices within the textile sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, manufacturing of ultraviolet (UV) protective textiles is quite interesting for the outdoor workers to protect their bodies from harmful radiation. Herein, for the first time, durable UV-protective cotton textiles were produced by modification with the mixed metal–Ce organic framework. Cotton was first interacted with 1,2,4-tricarboxybenzene-2,4-anhydride through benzylation reaction. The benzylated cotton (BTC–C = O@Cotton) was then reacted with two metal salts including Cerium salt to obtain Ce–M–BTC–C = O@Cotton. The estimated contents of Ce and the mixed metal within Ce–M–BTC–C = O@Cotton were 3.3% and 0.4%, respectively. The color of cotton was turned to bluish-green color, greenish-yellow color and reddish color after incorporation with Ce–Cu–BTC, Ce–Ni–BTC and Ce–Co–BTC, respectively. The all-modified fabrics exhibited UV-blocking character from good to excellent, depending on the inserted mixed metal. The measured UV-protection factor (UPF) was 34.7 (very good) for Ce–Cu–BTC–C = O@Cotton, 43.1 (excellent) for Ce–Ni–BTC–C = O@Cotton, 26.4 (good) for Ce–Zn–BTC–C = O@Cotton, and 33.3 (very good) for Ce–Co–BTC–C = O@Cotton. After 5 washing cycles, Ce–Ni–BTC–C = O@Cotton and Ce–Co–BTC–C = O@Cotton showed good UV protection. The mechanical properties of cotton textiles were not significantly affected after modification with Ce–M–BTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and innovative method was introduced for the production of green and recoverable flame-retardant cotton fabrics, where sulfonated cotton fabric (COT-SC) was synthesized by oxidizing cotton fabric with sodium periodate, followed by a sulfonation step with sodium bisulfite to provide active sites, which further chelated barium ions (Ba2+) to achieve flame retardancy. The morphological and structural characterizations of the fabricated cotton fabrics (COT-SC-Ba) demonstrated that the cleavage of C2-C3 free hydroxy groups within the cellulose macromolecule was chemically modified for grafting a considerable number of sulfonic acid groups, and Ba2+ ions were effectively immobilized on the macromolecule of the cotton fabric through a chelation effect. Results from cone calorimeter tests (CCTs) revealed that COT-SC-Ba became nonflammable, displayed a delayed ignition time, and decreased the values of the heat release rate (HRR), total smoke release (TSR), effective heat of combustion (EHC), and CO/CO2 ratio. TG/DTG analysis demonstrated that COT-SC-Ba possessed greater thermal stability, fewer flammable volatiles, and more of a char layer during burning than that of the original cotton fabric. Its residual mass was increased from 0.02% to 26.9% in air and from 8.05% to 26.76% in N2, respectively. The COT-SC-Ba not only possessed a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of up to 34.4% but could also undergo vertical burning tests evidenced by results such as the non-afterflame, non-afterglow, and a mere 75 mm char length. Those results demonstrated that the combination of SO3− and Ba2+ promoted the formation of a char layer. Moreover, cotton fabric regained its superior flame retardancy after being washed and re-chelated with Ba2+. Additional characteristics of the cotton fabric, such as the rupture strength, white degree, and hygroscopicity, were maintained at an acceptable level. In conclusion, this research can offer a fresh perspective on the design and development of straightforward, efficient, eco-friendly, and recoverable fire-retardant fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to the skin. Therefore, it capitalized on the properties of thiophene and pyridine derivatives to prepare new textile‐protective agents with improved UV protection factor (UPF) factor. This embodies the preparation and characterization of "2‐((3‐cyano‐4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐6‐(thiophene‐2‐yl)pyridine‐2‐yl)oxy)acetohydrazide" (HZ) in complex with Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), or Cd(II), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis techniques. Characterization of cotton fabric‐based cellulose (CELL) in complex with the synthesized agents using FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM–EDX) revealed deposition of the hydrazide and its metal complexes on the cellulosic fiber. Interestingly, cellulose complexation with Cu(II) was observed to have the highest value of the UPF. Computation of the reactivity indices using density functional theory (DFT) supports this finding, where the electrophilicity parameter of the modified fabric was found to correlate with the UPF wherein Cu(II) shows the highest value. The synthesized complexes could, therefore, provide lead structures for developing new UV‐protective agents with enhanced coating characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of antibacterial, stain-resistant, and easy-to-clean multifunctional cotton fabrics finds its scientific appeal and practical value due to their multidisciplinary uses in pharmacy, sanitation, clinics, etc. In this investigation, the cotton fabric was immersed in chitosan- vinyltriethoxy silane (Ch-VTES) and N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride- vinyltriethoxy silane (HTACC-VTES), prepared via the cost-effective sol–gel process to produce self-cleaning and antimicrobial cotton fabrics for end-uses. The Ch-VTES and HTACC-VTES modified cotton fabrics showed encouraging water contact angles of 102° and 139° respectively i.e. closer to superhydrophobicity as well as strong self-cleaning behavior without compromising the physicochemical properties of unmodified cotton fabric. Notably, the modified fabric demonstrated enchanting bacterial killing efficiency with a noticeable zone of inhibition against E. coli (17 mm for Ch-VTES and 21 mm for HTACC-VTES modified fabrics) and S. aureus (20 mm for Ch-VTES and 25 mm for HTACC-VTES modified fabrics) bacteria. Both modified cotton textiles showed an absorption peak at 1208 cm−1 (Si-O-C bending) in FTIR, suggesting that silane binds to the cotton substrate more firmly. The stability and longevity of the modified cotton fabrics with desired properties remain unchanged till 15 cycles of washing for the antibacterial test and the 20 cycles for the water contact angle. The fabricated textiles would be used for a wide range of uses, including medical applications as well as personal care products.

Surface functionalization of cotton fabric was carried out using novel bifunctional polyolefins containing various pendant groups. The hydrophobization of the aforementioned natural material was successfully achieved and the durability of the coatings was proven by SEM-EDS and FT-IR techniques. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements revealed the effect of the functional group type on the properties of the treated surface. The presence of fluoroaryl groups in the polymer chain ensured the highest WCA value. The effect of the type of side groups (aryl vs alkyl, fluorinated vs halogen-free) in the polymer chain on the surface properties was also demonstrated. The modifiers applied did not affect the thermal stability of the treated cotton fabric compared to reference sample. Moreover, the flame-retardant properties of the polyolefin-coated cotton samples were also verified and discussed. This is the first report describing the application of organofunctionalized bifunctional polyolefins as surface modifiers for cotton fabrics.

Cotton textiles are soft and skin-friendly and have good hygroscopicity. They are essential daily necessities in our life and can bring people a good feeling of use in personal wear hygienic finishing and other aspects. However for cotton textiles with light color especially white ones after a period of use especially after seasonal storage the surface will inevitably yellow which will affect the appearance of the textile and even lead to the deterioration of the textile performance and service life. The quality complaints caused by yellowing problems also show an increasing trend year by year. Oxidation fiber aging microbial erosion and phenolic antioxidants in packaging materials are the main causes of yellowing of cotton textiles. However the detection of the yellowing substance on the surface of cotton textiles is still little so it is necessary to study the yellowing substance from the perspective of yellowing composition to further elucidate the yellowing mechanism of cotton textiles and to inhibit yellowing phenomenon from the essence. In order to identify the specific composition of the surface yellowing substances of cotton textiles and select the appropriate chromatochromatoid-mass spectrometry technology firstly we listed the target compounds. In view of the isomerization phenomenon of some target compounds in gas chromatography we used liquid mass spectrometry to detect the compounds and selected ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital hydrazine high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. We screened the quasi-molecular ion peak by Xcalibur software in positive and negative ion modes respectively and analyzed the secondary mass spectrometry fragment information according to relevant literature so as to identify the presence of target compounds. On this basis we compared secondary mass spectrometry fragments with the human metabolome database to achieve the effect of auxiliary identification. In this study we listed the yellowing components on the surface of cotton textiles as the target compounds. We explored a feasible method for rapid identification of the yellowing chemical substances on the surface of cotton textiles by combining the detection of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology with the comparison of secondary mass spectrometry fragments of human metabolome database. According to the identification the yellowing substances on the surface of cotton textiles are mainly unsaturated hydrocarbons fatty acids aldehydes and ketones. It can be seen from the secondary mass spectrometry fragments that unsaturated hydrocarbon squalene plays a key role in yellowing substances of cotton textiles. The secretions produced by the parts of human sebum with strong secretion have the same effect on the yellowing of cotton textiles. Starting from the specific composition of yellowing chemical substances of cotton textiles and understanding the properties of various compounds this study can provide a basis for explaining the yellowing mechanism so as to further take targeted measures to curb yellowing phenomenon. By using the identification method in this study the data can be extended and reused to provide reference suggestions for exploring the existence of other squalene derivatives or other compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene-based functional coatings for cotton textiles were realized through an easy dip-coating procedure. Cotton fabrics were coated with a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer and then protected with a very thin polyurethane (PU) layer that does not affect the flexibility and the hand of the pristine cotton. The application of the rGO coating induces electrical conductivity to the fabric and the application of the PU phase increases the durability of the coatings, that show very stable surface resistivity after 10 washing cycles performed at temperatures up to 40 °C. Furthermore, the rGO and rGO/PU coated fabrics show good comfort properties, increased thermal conductivity and breathability with respect to cotton. In particular, the realized coatings allow to confine the heat transfer in correspondence of a localized heating source, which is very interesting for thermal therapy applications. Finally, the rGO/PU coated fabrics present a piezoresistive behaviour characterized by very stable electrical response to applied stretching up to 50% deformation, high sensitivity especially at low deformations with gauge factor values up to 11.7 and fast response time down to 500 ms when stretched at 100 mm/min rate at 2.5% strain. Overall, the results demonstrate that rGO/PU coated fabrics are very promising wash-durable electrically conductive e-textiles with improved comfort, enhanced thermal conductivity for possible thermal therapy applications, and piezoresistive properties for sensing applications as human motion monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrophobic and oleophilic Si-based cotton fabrics have recently gained a lot of attention in oil/water separation due to their high efficiency. In this study, we present the effect of O2 plasma pre-treatment on the final properties of two Si-based cotton membranes obtained from dip coating and plasma polymerization, using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as starting polymeric precursor. The structural characterizations indicate the presence of Si bond on both the modified cotton surfaces, with an increase of the carbon bond, assuring the success in surface modification. On the other hand, employing O2 plasma strongly changes the cotton morphology, inducing specific roughness and affecting the hydrophobicity durability and separation efficiency. In particular, the wettability has been retained after 20 laundry tests at 40 °C and 80 °C, and, for separation efficiency, even after 30 cycles, an improvement in the range of 10–15%, both at room temperature and at 90 °C can be observed. These results clearly demonstrate that O2 plasma pre-treatment, an eco-friendly, non-toxic, solvent-free, and one-step method for inducing specific functionalities on surfaces, is very effective in enhancing the oil/water separation properties for Si-based cotton membranes, especially in combination with plasma polymerization procedure for Si-based deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRAK Biji alpukat dapat diekstrak menjadi zat warna alam karena mengandung senyawa tanin yang dapat menimbulkan warna cokelat atau kecokelatan. Kelemahan zat warna alam dalam proses pewarnaan tekstil yakni memiliki ketahanan luntur yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, pada proses pencelupan bahan tekstil dengan zat warna alam dibutuhkan proses fiksasi agar warna memiliki ketahanan luntur yang baik. Pewarna alami dari biji alpukat telah diterapkan pada kain katun. Ketahanan luntur pewarna alami telah diuji dengan memvariasikan massa tawas sebagai bahan fiksasi terhadap nilai perubahan intensitas cahaya pada air residu hasil pencucian kain katun. Perlakuan menggunakan variasi massa tawas 10g hingga 60g dengan waktu pencelupan selama 10 menit. Desain penelitian terdiri dari ekstraksi biji alpukat sebagai sumber zat warna alam, mordanting dan pencelupan kain katun ke dalam larutan zat warna, fiksasi kain katun, dan pengujian ketahanan luntur warna pada kain katun menggunakan luxmeter setelah pencucian menggunakan air biasa dan air deterjen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang menggunakan massa tawas 60g menghasilkan tingkat kelunturan warna paling kecil dengan nilai perubahan intensitas cahaya 9,58lux pada hasil pencucian dengan air biasa dan 3,11lux pada hasil pencucian dengan air deterjen. Semakin tinggi massa tawas yang digunakan sebagai bahan fiksasi pada kain katun, maka pewarna alami biji alpukat memiliki ketahanan luntur yang semakin baik. Penggunaan sampel tawas 60g sebagai bahan fiksasi efektif dalam menjaga ketahanan luntur pewarna alami biji alpukat pada kain katun. Kata kunci: Biji Alpukat; Kain Katun; Pewarna Alami; Tawas. ABSTRACT Avocado seeds could be extracted into natural dyes because they contained of tannin. Tannin as a dyes substances would cause brown or brownish color. The weakness of natural dyes in the textile dyeing process that has a low fade resistance. Therefore, the dyeing process of textile materials with natural dyes were needed fixation process in order that color had a well fade resistance. The natural dyes from avocado seeds had been applicated on cotton textile. The fade resistance of natural dyes had been tested by varying the mass of Al2(SO4)3as a fixation to the value of light intensity difference on the residue water of the cotton textile washing. The treatment used the mass variation of 10g to 60g Al2(SO4)3by dyeing for 10 minutes. The study design consisted of avocado seeds extraction as a source of natural dyes, mordanting of cotton textile, dyeing of cotton textile in a dye solution, fixation of cotton textile and test the fade resistance of natural dyes on cotton textile using a luxmeter after washing by water and detergent solution. The results showed that the sample used a mass of 60g Al2(SO4)3produced the smallest color fade degree with the value of light intensity difference on the residue water was 9.58lux of washing by water and 3.11lux of washing by detergent solution. The higher mass of Al2(SO4)3was used as fixation on cotton textile, the natural dyes of avocado seeds had a better fade resistance. The using of 60g Al2(SO4)3sample as a fixation material was effective for kept the fade resistance of natural dyes from avocado seeds on cotton textile. Keywords: Avocado Seeds; Cotton Textile; Natural Dyes.

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fouling of surfaces such as textiles is a major health challenge, and there is a continuous effort to develop materials and processes to overcome it. In consideration of this, this study regards the development of antifouling functional nanoencapsulated finishing for the cotton textile fabric by employing a layer-by-layer dip coating technique. Antifouling textile finishing was formulated by inducing the nanoencapsulation of the antifouling functional group inside the hydrophobic polymeric shell. Cotton fabric was taken as a substrate to incorporate antibacterial functionality by alternatively fabricating multilayers of antifouling polymeric formulation (APF) and polyelectrolyte solution. The surface morphology of nanoencapsulated finished textile fabric was characterized through scanning electron microscopy to confirm the uniform distribution of nanoparticles on the cotton textile fabric. Optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy studies indicated increased surface roughness in the coated textile substrate as compared to the uncoated textile. The surface thickness of the fabricated textile increased with the number of deposited bilayers on the textile substrate. Surface hydrophobicity increased with number of coating bilayers with θ values of x for single layer, up to y for 20 bilayers. The antibacterial activity of the uncoated and layer-by-layer coated finished textile was also evaluated. It was significant and exhibited a significant zone of inhibition against microbial strains Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli. The bilayer coating exhibited water repellency, hydrophobicity, and antibacterial activity. Thus, the fabricated textile could be highly useful for many industrial and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable textiles made from cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer, have gained attention from researchers, due to the ease with which cellulose can be chemically modified to introduce multifunctional groups, and because of its renewable and biodegradable nature. One of the most attractive features required for civilian and military applications of textiles is flame-retardancy. This review focuses on various methods employed for the fabrication of cellulose-based flame-retardant cotton textiles along with their developed flame-retardant properties over the last few years. The most common method is to merge N, S, P, and Si-based polymeric, non-polymeric, polymeric/non-polymeric hybrids, inorganic, and organic/inorganic hybrids with cellulose to fabricate flame-retardant cotton textiles. In these studies, cellulose was chemically bonded with the flame-retardants or in some cases, cotton textiles were coated by flame-retardants. The flame-retardant properties of the cotton textiles were investigated and determined by various methods, including the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the vertical flame test, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and by cone calorimetry. This review demonstrates the potential of cellulose-based flame-retardant textiles for various applications.

The question addressed in this paper is whether cotton textiles mercerized with liquid ammonia (L-NH3) can be distinguished from NaOH mercerized cotton textiles with FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. In collaboration with a process-house, cotton textiles were treated with L-NH3, NaOH, neither or both. The treatment conditions were set to mimic commercial-scale operations. The samples were then analyzed with FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, and for comparison, also with powder X-ray diffraction. The analyses were aimed at detecting changes in the cellulose crystal lattice structure that result from the two mercerization processes. The measured spectra and diffractograms were evaluated both visually and with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and the results show that with FTIR-ATR spectroscopy it was possible to differentiate between the untreated, L-NH3 mercerized and NaOH mercerized textiles, whereas with X-ray diffraction it was difficult to detect differences between the untreated and treated samples. The better performance of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy is attributed to the method being more sensitive to changes on sample surfaces, whereas X-ray diffraction results are more representative of the sample bulk. The samples were treated under conditions mimicking commercial-scale operations, which are optimized to maximize treatment speed. Hence, the mercerization induced changes are likely to be limited to sample surfaces and hence detectable with FTIR-ATR spectroscopy but not with X-ray diffraction. It is reported that Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy, another surface-limited analytical method, may also be employed for detection of mercerization type, but FTIR-ATR spectroscopy has the advantages of ease of operation and the devices are less expensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, L-cysteine-capped silver nanoparticles (Cys-AgNPs) were successfully linked in a cotton textile, being attached in a covalent way to the cotton fibers via esterification with the hydroxyl groups from the cellulose. The AgNPs were strongly adhered to the fiber surface through coordination bonds with the thiol groups from the L-cys. In addition, they were compared with biogenic silver nanoparticles produced from fungi (bio-AgNPs). Materials and methods: The characterization of the Cys-AgNP and the bio-AgNP solutions were accomplished by UV−visible (UV−Vis), Z-potential, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After the attachment of the Cys-AgNPs and the bio-AgNPs to the raw cotton, the textile surface was characterized by variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The antibacterial activity was performed by disk diffusion analysis. Results: The results of the UV−Vis analysis showed the presence of AgNPs in the Cys-AgNPs and the bio-AgNPs solutions, showing the Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) for the AgNPs among 380–420 nm. In addition, they exhibited a Z-potential of −27 and −24 mV, respectively, with the presence of elemental silver shown by the XRD analysis. The VP-SEM images from the cotton fabrics covered in Cys-AgNPs and bio-AgNPs showed the presence of spherical AgNPs on their surface, and EDX analysis revealed the presence of peaks associated with the presence of Ag, C, and O. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis exhibited peaks associated with the presence of L-cysteine (SH-) and carboxylic acid arising from the esterification reaction among the cellulose from cotton and the carboxylic acid in the L-Cys molecules. Finally, the cotton textile exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the ability of Cys-AgNPs to bind to the cellulose from cotton fabric so as to produce antibacterial fabrics with enhanced durability, opening a wide range of options to be further used in healthcare and other industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Increasing oily industrial waste water at room and high temperatures has become one of the most significant threats to the global ecosystem. Finding a suitable method for separating hot-oil/water pollution with an appropriate filter is highly necessary to effectively solve this problem. In this study, high-temperature oil/water separation was achieved using a silicon-modified textile (Si-cotton) as a filter, which was fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution as the precursor and through plasma polymerization. The plasma polymerization generated a uniform micro and nanoscale hierarchical structure on the Si-cotton surface. Furthermore, XPS and FT-IR analysis showed the lowering of the O/C ratio on the Si-cotton surface with respect to the pristine textile, and the presence of silicon on the Si-cotton surface after the plasma process. The results of these factors can be critical in making the final hydrophobic/oleophilic behaviour of the textile. More importantly, the Si-cotton membrane was tested for the separation process of hot oil/hot water mixture, which showed an acceptable efficiency even after fifteen separation cycles. The findings offered a two-step method, efficient and green, which was capable of working well even at a high temperature, to fabricate a flexible and scalable Si-cotton textile filter for reducing the necessity of additional and complicated cooling processes in the presence of high-temperature oil/water mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, several methods of hydrophobization of cotton fabrics using the thio-ene click reaction were compared. Durable, superhydrophobic textiles were obtained in an easy way. Various variants of functionalized silsesquioxanes were used for the hydrophobization of fabrics. The synthesis of bifunctional silsesquioxanes (RSiMe2O)4(ViSiMe2O)4Si8O12 and (RSiMe2O)4(R'SiMe2O)4Si8O12 were performed via hydrothiolation of silsesquioxane derivative (ViSiMe2O)8Si8O12. Alkoxysilyl, alkyl and fluoroalkyl moieties were introduced as functional groups. Samples were prepared using four methods, differing in the modification method and the number of stages. During the research, fabrics were modified via (a) the dip-coating process, (b) carrying out thiol-ene click reactions directly on the surface of the fabric and (c) using both of these methods. The hydrophobicity of the fabric was evaluated by measuring the Water contact angle (WCA). The obtained samples were also examined using infrared analysis (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Elemental analysis (SEM–EDS). All analyses were performed before and after the washing process in order to verify the stability of the performed modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic cellulose-based products have immense potential in many industries where plastics and other polymers with hydrophobic properties are used. Superhydrophobic cellulose-based plastic is inherently biodegradable, renewable and non-toxic. Finding a suitable replacement of plastics is highly desired since plastics has become an environmental concern. Despite its inherent hydrophilicity, cellulose has unparalleled advantages as a substrate for the production of superhydrophobic materials which has been widely used in self-cleaning, self-healing, oil and water separation, electromagnetic interference shielding, etc. This review includes a comprehensive survey of the progress achieved so far in the production of super-hydrophobic materials based on cellulose and fiber networks. The methodologies and applications of superhydrophobic-modified cellulose and fiber networks are emphasized. Overall, presented herein is targeting on summarizing some of the aspects that are critical to advance this evolving field of science which may provide new ideas for the developing and exploring of superhydrophobic and green-based materials.

Smart textiles have got increasing attention for potential application in personal thermal management, wearable human motion monitoring, and healthcare. However, it is still a challenge to prepare a multifunctional electronic textile with water-resistant, electro-thermal response, mechanical-sensitive performance, and antibacterial activities. Here, a multifunctional conductive cotton textile is fabricated by in-situ reduction silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs) on cotton fiber under the assistance of tannic acid, followed decorating with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). These obtained multifunctional textiles (cotton/TA/Ag NPs/PDMS textile) not only maintain the innate flexibility, and permeability characteristics of cotton textiles, but also exhibit rapid thermal response, outstanding long-time steady heating performance, and antifouling property. Furthermore, the cotton/TA/Ag NPs/PDMS textiles exhibit excellent strain sensing performance for potential human motions monitoring. Impressively, cotton/TA/Ag NPs/PDMS textiles show resistance to bacterial. Thus, this multifunctional cotton textile provides a new way for the study of the next generation of lightweight, portable, and wearable electronic textile devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable textiles made from cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer, have gained attention from researchers, due to the ease with which cellulose can be chemically modified to introduce multifunctional groups, and because of its renewable and biodegradable nature. One of the most attractive features required for civilian and military applications of textiles is flame-retardancy. This review focuses on various methods employed for the fabrication of cellulose-based flame-retardant cotton textiles along with their developed flame-retardant properties over the last few years. The most common method is to merge N, S, P, and Si-based polymeric, non-polymeric, polymeric/non-polymeric hybrids, inorganic, and organic/inorganic hybrids with cellulose to fabricate flame-retardant cotton textiles. In these studies, cellulose was chemically bonded with the flame-retardants or in some cases, cotton textiles were coated by flameretardants. The flame-retardant properties of the cotton textiles were investigated and determined by various methods, including the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the vertical flame test, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and by cone calorimetry. This review demonstrates the potential of cellulose-based flame-retardant textiles for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to prepare a flexible fabric electrode for electronic devices. Cotton fabric (CT) was used as the substrate for coating graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as electroactive materials, then subjected to the chemical polymerization of polypyrrole (PPy). The sheet resistances and surface morphologies of the as-prepared composite textiles were evaluated by means of using van der Pauw technique and FESEM, respectively. XPS results showed a reduction of around 17% in the ratio of O/C in RGO/CT in comparison with the GO/CT, which could be related to the reduction of GO to RGO. The PPy/RGO/CT composite fabric exhibited sheet resistance of 7.5 Ω/sq, whereas PPy/GO/CT samples presented a sheet resistance of 308.3 Ω/sq. Charge-transfer resistance of PPy/GO/CT was 10 times of PPy/RGO/CT, which showed the insulating role of GO in this composite. Therefore, PPy/RGO/CT can hold a significant promise in flexible electrode applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research examines the role of market expansion and international labor division in the British Industrial Revolution from the perspective of globalization. The research shows that British cotton textile output in pieces grew 275 times from the 1770s to the mid-1850s and documents that such growth would never have happened without a vast overseas market for the supply of raw cotton and the sale of products. The paper argues that the continuous and dramatic expansion of overseas markets allowed the British cotton industry to expand greatly without hitting the ceiling of marginal returns, leading not only to the great expansion of production, but also to technological and institutional innovations, and that international labor division made it possible for the industry to import ample amounts of raw cotton and export large amounts of cotton textiles. In contrast, foreign demand for Chinese cotton textiles increased significantly in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, but accounted for only 0.3% of production capacity, which was too little to lift the law of diminishing marginal returns and to induce either technological or institutional changes. As a result, only Smithian growths could be achieved through optimal resource utilization and specialization in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial cotton textiles (CT) show great promise for wound dressings. However, modifying CTs to have antimicrobial properties requires balancing the killing of microbes while protecting normal cells. In this study, the surface of CT was modified using maleopimaric acid quaternary ammonium cations (MPA-N+) from rosin acid. The surfaces morphology and chemical composition were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which confirmed that the MPA-N+ modified CT (CT- g -MPA-N+) was prepared. CT- g -MPA-N+ shows strong and broad spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). It also exhibits prominent durability of antimicrobial capability even after soaking in PBS for 6 days, and can effectively inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. Most importantly, the excellent biocompatibility of CT- g -MPA-N+ was verified by hemocompatible and cytotoxic assays. This work is believed to be promising method to prepare antimicrobial cotton textiles by surface modification and suggest the great potential application in wound dressing. • A facile method was used to enhance the antimicrobial properties of cotton textile. • The antimicrobial cotton textile exhibits excellent hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. • This work provides an idea for the incorporation of renewable resources to control the spread of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular brush structures have been developed on cotton textiles for long-term and efficient broad-spectrum antimicrobial performances through the cooperation of alkyl-chain and quaternary ammonium sites. Results show that efficient antibacterial performances can be achieved by the regulation of the alkyl chain length and quaternary ammonium sites. The antibacterial efficiency of the optimized molecular brush structure of [3-(N , N -Dimethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane with cetyl modification on cotton textiles (CT-DM-16) can reach more than 99 % against both E. coli and S. aureus. Alkyl-chain grafting displayed significantly improvement in the antibacterial activity against S. aureus with (N,N-Diethyl-3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane modification on cotton textiles (CT-DE) based materials. The positive N sites and alkyl chains played important roles in the antibacterial process. Proteomic analysis reveals that the contributions of cytoskeleton and membrane-enclosed lumen in differentially expressed proteins have been increased for the S. aureus antibacterial process, confirming the promoted puncture capacity with alkyl-chain grafting. Theoretical calculations indicate that the positive charge of N sites can be enhanced through alkyl-chain grafting, and the possible distortion of the brush structure in application can further increase the positive charge of N sites. Uncovering the regulation mechanism is considered to be important guidance to develop novel and practical antibacterial materials. [Display omitted] • Molecular brush structures were successfully fabricated on cotton textiles. • Efficient antibacterial performance can be achieved through the regulation of alkyl-chain and quaternary ammonium sites. • The positive charge of N sites can be enhanced with alkyl chain grafting. • The distortion of alkyl chain can improve the positive charge of N sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the next generation battery, the lithium-sulfur battery with high theoretical specific capacity and energy density needs to overcome the low practical discharge capacity and the poor cycle performance for the poor conductivity of sulfur and the shuttle effect of polysulfide. In this study, a hierarchical micro-mesoporous carbon (HPC) is designed and synthesized as a sulfur host from the cotton textile with KOH activation at 700 °C to combine the advantages of these two structures, where mesoporous structure can improve the infiltration of electrolyte to act as fast ionic channel and micropores have an excellent ability of binding sulfur. The HPC showed an excellent high specific surface area (2835.47 m2 g−1) and a high pore volume (2.82 cm3 g−1), and the ratio of the mesoporous reaches 57.85%. The sulfur in HPC/S was uniformly distributed in the host structure and no surface crystallization was observed by TEM characterization. Assembled in the lithium-sulfur battery, the cathode mixed with HPC/S and conductive agent delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1577 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, and a reversible capacity of 434.5 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at the current rate of 1C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile-based electrodes play an important role in realizing the application of wearable electronics. Nevertheless, weak interaction between active material and textile substrate and the volume expansion of nickel sulfides severely restrict the sodium storage performance. Herein, Ni-metal organic frameworks (Ni-MOF) as precursor are in situ grown on three-dimensional porous cotton textile substrate, followed by solution-phase stirring/hydrothermal reaction and pyrolysis, resulting in carbonized cotton textile (CC)/Ni 3 S 2 @SC and CC/Ni 3 S 2 @HC. Especially, CC/Ni 3 S 2 @HC composites present small nanoparticles, high conductivity, facilitated ion diffusion, and structural integrity, enabling excellent rate capabilities and long cycling stability. As anodes for sodium ion batteries, CC/Ni 3 S 2 @HC-700 electrode yields 268.2 and 140.6 mAh g−1 after 100 and 1000 cycles at the current density of 0.1 and 1 A g−1, respectively. Moreover, kinetic analysis shows that advantageous surface pseudocapacitive behavior of the CC/Ni 3 S 2 @HC-700 composites reaches 75 % at the scan rate of 2 mV s−1. The reported method is versatile and can be extended to fabricate other textile-based transition-metal sulfides. • Textile-based and MOF-derived Ni 3 S 2 @C is designed as flexible anodes for SIBs. • CC/Ni 3 S 2 @HC-700 electrode yields 140.6 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. • The reason is due to tiny size and conductive pathways generated by close linkage. • Pseudocapacitive behavior reaches 75 % at the scan rate of 2 mV s−1. • The reported method is versatile and can be extended to other sulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]