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1. Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Reducing Wildfire Risk While Achieving Other Landscaping Goals

Author

Cotton K. Randall, L. Annie Hermansen-Báez, and Glenn Acomb

Subjects
FR162, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Circular 1478, an 8-page illustrated publication by Cotton K. Randall, L. Annie Hermansen-Báez, and Glenn Acomb, gives a brief overview of several different landscaping goals, including wildfire risk reduction (Firewise), wildlife habitat creation or enhancement, water conservation, and energy conservation. It introduces the main principles and compares each to firewise landscaping. It also briefly discusses examples of programs and guidelines that incorporate multiple goals. Includes additional resources and a table showing compatibilities of several landscaping goals and firewise landscaping principles. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, October 2006.

Published
2007

2. Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Preparing a Firewise Plant List for WUI Residents

Author

Anna L. Behm, Alan J. Long, Martha C. Monroe, Cotton K. Randall, Wayne C. Zipperer, and Leslie Annie Hermansen-Baez

Subjects
FR151, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

This extension publication is a guide to making a firewise plant list to assist local homeowners with firewise landscaping. It includes a step-by-step method for determining whether or not a particular plant is appropriate for firewise landscaping. Extension agents, nursery personnel, landscape architects, or urban foresters may use this publication for preparing local firewise plant lists in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). These lists can be combined with the Florida Cooperative Extension Service publication “Selecting and Maintaining Firewise Plants” for homeowners and other interested groups. This document is Circular 1453, one of the Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface series of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: July 2004. CIR 1453/FR151: Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Preparing a Firewise Plant List for WUI Residents (ufl.edu)

Published
2004

3. Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Selecting and Maintaining Firewise Plants for Landscaping

Author

J. Douglas Doran, Cotton K. Randall, and Alan J. Long

Subjects
FR147, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

This extension publication outlines plant characteristics that have the greatest effect on flammability, as discussed at three levels: plant parts (primarily leaves), whole plants, and groups of plants. Selecting firewise plants can reduce wildfire risk, but during drought conditions, most plants will burn if exposed to enough heat, regardless of their flammability. This document is Circular 1445, one of the series Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: March 2004. Circular 1445/FR147: Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Selecting and Maintaining Firewise Plants for Landscaping (ufl.edu)

Published
2004

4. Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Understanding Fire Behavior

Author

Cotton K. Randall

Subjects
FR138, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

This document is Circular 1432, one of the series Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. This fact sheet is funded by the National Fire Plan through the Southern Center for Wildland-Urban Interface Research and Information, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. First published: January 2003.

Published
2003

5. Class Size. Research on School Effectiveness Project: Topic Summary Report.

Author

Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR., Cotton, K., and Savard, W. G.

Abstract

The Alaska School Effectiveness Project produced several reports in a series of reviews of research literature on such topics as class size. Using an ERIC search and conventional library methods, the question raised was "Do small classes have a positive effect on the academic achievement of elementary and secondary students?" Of the 35 documents reviewed, 20 were deemed valid studies. While findings were contradictory, reducing or increasing class size generally does not automatically produce any particular, foreseeable effect on achievement. In view of the findings, it is recommended that: (1) attention should be devoted to improving instructional methods, rather than altering class size in general; (2) since operating smaller class sizes for academically needy and younger students appears beneficial, schools are advised to make such settings possible if resources allow; (3) the possibility of small instructional groupings within large classes (using aides, for example) be explored, especially for academically needy children; and (4) no additional research on class size be initiated, although educators are urged to lend support to research which examines the relationship between opinions, attitudes and preferences, and outcomes. The document includes item decision displays, a 34 citation bibliography, and individual item reports on the citations. (BRR)

Published
1980

6. The Principal as Instructional Leader. Research on School Effectiveness Project: Topic Summary Report.

Author

Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR., Cotton, K., and Savard, W. G.

Abstract

The Alaska School Effectiveness Project produced several reports in a series of reviews of research literature on such topics as the principal as instructional leader. Using an ERIC search and conventional library methods, the question raised was "Does active instructional leadership on the part of elementary school principals have a positive effect on the academic achievement of students?" Of the 27 documents reviewed, only 7 were reports of valid, relevant studies. Although the conclusions must be regarded as tentative because of the small number of studies, it does appear that when principals assume an active instructional leadership role, student achievement is enhanced. The fact that several of the supportive studies focused on disadvantaged students lends additional weight to this conclusion. It also appears that the positive effect is both direct (when principals observe and participate in instructional activities with students) and indirect (when teachers work closely with principals to develop instructional plans that are clear, shared, and supported). Because research on this topic is sparse, educational administrators and policy makers should approach this matter with caution. The document includes the item decision display, the 27 citation bibliography, and individual item reports on the citations. (BRR)

Published
1980

7. Parent Participation. Research on School Effectiveness Project: Topic Summary Project.

Author

Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR., Cotton, K., and Savard, W. G.

Abstract

The Alaska School Effectiveness Project produced several reports in a series of reviews of research literature on such topics as the participation of parents in the education of their children. Using an ERIC search and conventional library methods, the question raised was, "Do programs which involve parents in the education of their children have a positive effect on the academic achievement of the children?" Of the 26 documents reviewed, 15 pieces of research were judged to be both highly relevant and sufficiently well-designed to yield meaningful results. Overall, the studies found that parent participation had a positive effect on children's achievement, and the more extensive the participation, the more positive the results. Instruction in the home by parents on a regular basis was the single most productive form of parent involvement. Based on this information, it is recommended that: schools make parents aware of their tremendous influence; preschool programs be given a high priority and include a strong parent participation component; and parent tutoring programs (particularly for preschool and elementary children) be established and given active financial support. The document includes the item decision display, the 26 citation bibliography, and individual item reports on the citations. (BRR)

Published
1980

12. Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland Section of Biomedical Sciences

Author

Ruddock, W., Burns, D. M., Brown, J. C. W., Allen, J. M., Hirst, D. G., Love, G. P., Keenan, A. K., Lally, C., Bird, A., Ryan, M. P., O’Connor, N., O’Boyle, K. M., McGeown, J. G., McCarron, J. G., Drummond, R. M., Fay, F. S., Connor, T. J., Kelly, J. P., Leonard, B. E., Gilmartin, L., O’Cuinn, G., MacDonncha, C., Watson, A. W. S., McGrath, S., Brady, K. J., McKillen, H-C., Taylor, C. W., Smith, S. K., Thornton, S., Martin, A. D., Bailie, J. R., McKeown, S. R., Higgins, C. A., Hatton, W. J., McKerr, G., Harvey, D., Carson, J., Hannigan, B. M., Morrow, D. M. P., McGlynn, H., Thompson, C. M. G., Higgins, C., Galligan, E. S., Murray, M. M., Leckey, J. L., Nevin, G. B., Soppitt, D. S., Esfandiary, M. H., Gilmore, W. S., Robson, T., Dineen, T., Greer, A., Houghton, J. A., O’Halloran, K. D., Bradford, A., McGuire, M., MacDermott, M., Coogan, A., O’Connor, J. J., Regan, C. S., Redmond, A. M., Harkin, A., Lowe, A. S., Baxter, G. D., Kennovin, G. D., Leek, M., Friery, O. P., Hejmadi, M. V., Patterson, L. H., Robinson, J., Hill, I., Kilbride, J., Cotton, K. D., Hollywood, M. A., McHale, N. G., Thornbury, K. D., Halligan, C. P., O’Connell, D. P., Harvey, B. J., Fanning, P., O’Farrell, A., Cantillon, D., Cryan, J. F., O’Leary, D., O’Malley, D. T., Nolan, A., Moran, A. P., Fitzgerald, K. A., O’Neill, L. A. J., McElligott, A., Baker, A. H., Joyce, K. M., Ruane, T., Hall, W. J., Markos, F., Carey, M. F., Galvin, C., Perl, E. R., Curran, A. K., Connolly, C., Abdullah, K., Docherty, J. R., Gavin, K. T., Browne, M., Frazer, C-A., Walsh, D. M., Atkinson, S., Brown, D., O’Connor, J. M., Wasson, G. R., Bonham, M. P., McKelvey-Martin, V. J., Strain, J. J., Downes, C. S., Dineen, T. M., Powell, R., Van Hemelrijk, B., Abujaffom, T. Mubarak, Caulfield, B., Garrett, M., Brennan, L., Griffin, M. J., McShane, A. J., Convery, P. N., Milligan, K. R., Quinn, P., Scott, K., Fee, J. P. H., Cashman, M., Dunne, A., Healy, E., Walsh, J., Watson, A. J., Walsh, D. M., Noble, G., Baxter, G. D., Allen, J. M., Campion, D. P., Leek, B. F., Ryan, J. P., Quinn, T., Dumbleton, M., Smith, K. M., McGrath, J. C., Macmillan, J. B., Doherty, L., Lynch, F., Sweeney, M., O’Regan, R. G., McLoughlin, P., Padua, R. A., Dudeney, S., O’Byrne, J., Moran, R., O’Kelly, K. U., McCormack, B. A. O., Lyons, C. G., Brady, C. L., Simms, C., Maher, S., Schreiber, B., Taylor, D., Carr, A. J., Higgins, B., Dempsey, G. J., Imam, S. Z., Harbinson, M., Adgey, A. A. J., Anderson, J., Aodha, S. Ní, Wilcox, D., Rice, J., Jenkinson, A., O’Rourke, K., O’Brien, T., Devitt, A., McCormack, D., Ikadi, Y., Quinlan, W., Noelke, L., McMahon, G. T., Mulville, J. P., Lee, T. C., Rizvi, A., Fitzpatrick, D., McCarthy, M. A., McGloughlin, T., Monaghan, J., Shine, J., Arendt, E., Lew, B., Lewis, J., Kelly, P. A., Lennon, A. B., Hill, R. G., Dunne, N. J., Thompson, C., Orr, J. F., Beverland, D. E., Prenderville, T., Prendergast, P. J., Huiskes, R., Søballe, K., Mukunda, M. C., Kelly, C. J., Cregg, N., Leahy, A., Dwyer, R., Watson, R. G. K., Bouchier-Hayes, D. J., O’Boyle, C. J., Murchan, P., Mitchell, C. J., Macfie, J., Delicata, R. J., Davies, E. V., Lloyds, D., Petitt, E. J., Carey, P. D., Buckley, D. J., Riordain, M. G. O., Barry, T., Gorey, T. F., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Rothwell, J., Flaherty, J., Wilson, G., Walsh, T. N., Hennessy, T. P. J., O’Donoghue, J., Panchal, J., Mehdi, S., O’Sullivan, S. T., O’Shaughnessy, M., O’Connor, T. P. F., Cox, M. A., Dingle, J. T., Flavin, B. M., Regan, M. C., and O’Connell, P. R.

Published
1997
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14. Royal academy of medicine in Ireland section of biomedical sciences: Proceedings of winter meeting held in Trinity College Dublin, 1996

Author

Sharma, S., Sharma, S. C., Byrne, P. D., Lyons, J. B., Boylan, J. F., McShane, A. J., Galligan, E. S., Sweetman, S. F., Clements, B. A., Lowe, A. S., McCormack, K. J. M., Walsh, D. M., Baxter, G. D., Allen, J. M., Kelleher, S., Keenan, A. K., Burns, D. M., Brown, J. C. W., Ruddock, M. W., Kennovin, G. D., Dykes, E. L., Flitney, F. W., Hirst, D. G., Winter, D. C., Cuffe, J., O’Sullivan, G. C., Harvey, B. J., Thompson, G. H., Murray, J. M., Brehony, F., Kelly, J. P., Leonard, B. E., Cotton, K. D., Hollywood, M. A., McHale, N. G., Thornbury, K. D., Stapleton, M. T., Allshire, A. P., Freeburn, J. C., Wallace, J. M. W., Sinnamon, D., Craig, B., Strain, J. J., Gilmore, W. S., Lyons, J. D. M, Murray, J., Trinick, T., Fee, J. P. H., Hennessy, L., Watson, A. W. S., Halley, W. L., Weir, M. A., Friery, O. P., Hejmadi, M. V., McIntyre, I. A., McALeer, J. J. A., Patterson, L. H., McKeown, S. R., Leckey, J. L., Nevin, G. B., Soppitt, D. S., Harkin, A. J., Wrynn, A. S., Earley, B., Dineen, T. M., Powell, R., Houghton, J. A., Cantillon, D., McDaid, J., O’Halloran, K. D., Bradford, A., Curran, A. K., Harmon, D., Sweeney, M., McLoughlin, P., O’Leary, D., O’Connor, J. J., Broderick, A. M., Keon, N., and Martin, F.

Published
1996
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15. Royal academy of medicine in ireland section of biomedical sciences: Proceedings of summer meeting held june 1995

Author

Mescall, F. M., Kane, M. T., Keyes, W. M., Quinlan, L. R., Hynes, A. C., Kane, M. T., Jordan, F. M., Hynes, A. C., McGarvey, C., Kelly, J. P., O’Donnell, J. M., Kelliher, P., O’Donnell, J. M., Cotton, K. D., Hollywood, M. A., Thornbury, K. D., McHale, N. G., Curran, A. K., O’Halloran, K. D., Bradford, A., O’Rourke, M., Docherty, J. R., Brady, G., Lyall, P., Felle, P., Fanning, P., O’Boyle, K. M., Cummins, M., Naughton, Y., Ryan, M. P., Clarke, H., O’Connell, C., McNamara, B., Cuffe, J., O’Sullivan, G., Harvey, B., Urbach, V., Leguen, I., Butt, G., MacDonncha, C., Watson, A. W. S., Aherne, A. M., Vaughan, C. J., Murphy, M. B., O’Connell, D. P., Walsh, D. E., Harvey, B. J., Connor, T. J., Kelly, J. P., Leonard, B. E., Wrynn, A. S., Earley, B., Harkin, A. J., Cassidy, E. M., O’Connor, J. J., Brayden, D. J., Dunne, J. F., Baird, A. W., McCole, D. F., Newsholme, P. N., Love, G. P., Keenan, A. K., Doolan, C. M., Higgins, M. A., Higgins, T., Horwitz, E., Reidy, D., Redmond, A. M., McNamara, M. G., Maginn, M., Tamate, K., Charleton, M., Leavy, J., Nolan, A., Egan, D., Gosling, J. P., Fottrell, P. F., Kane, M., Murphy, N., Long, M., Fitzgerald, D., O’Fegan, P., O’Doherty, A., Forde, T., Molloy, G., Dawson, M. A., Maher, M., Houghton, J. A., Mccole, J. C., Moran, A. P., O/rsmalley, D. T., Helander, I. M., Lindner, B., Callaghan, G. A., Mcclorey, M. B., Hannigan, B. M., Gilmore, W. S., Allen, J. M., Whelton, H. J., Dowdall, D., Dawson, M., Smith, T., Whelton, H., O≿doherty, A., Mccusker, J., Joyce, K. M., Mlay, P., Leek, B. F., Clements, B. A., Grimes, F., Walsh, D. M., Baxter, G. D., Toussi, H., Lagan, K. M., and Ashford, R.

Published
1996
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16. Ohio's Forests 2011

Author

Widmann, Richard H, primary, Randall, Cotton K., additional, Butler, Brett J., additional, Domke, Grant M., additional, Griffith, Douglas M., additional, Kurtz, Cassandra M., additional, Moser, W. Keith, additional, Morin, Randall S., additional, Nelson, Mark D., additional, Riemann, Rachel, additional, and Woodall, Christopher W., additional

Published
2014
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18. Factors influencing stump sprouting by pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. nutans (Ait.) Sweet)

Author

Cotton K. Randall, Mary L. Duryea, R. Jeffery English, and Susan W. Vince

Subjects
Horticulture, Botany, cardiovascular system, Sowing, Forestry, Biology, Cypress, Felling, biology.organism_classification, Taxodium, Sprouting
Abstract

Sprouting can be an important mechanism of regeneration in harvested cypress (Taxodium sp.) wetlands; however, limited information exists on factors influencing sprouting. We examined the influence of harvesting practices, tree size, and site conditions on stump sprouting in eight pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. nutans (Ait.) Sweet) wetlands in Florida, USA. Stumps were cut at three heights: 20 cm below high water level, at high water, and 40 cm above high water. Half of each site was harvested using a sawhead feller and the other half using shearhead. We monitored sprouting for 2 years post-harvest. Stump height affected first year sprouting, but the effect disappeared during year 2. Felling equipment did not affect sprouting; however, the shearhead caused greater stump damage. Sprouting declined with increasing parent tree size; percentage of stumps with sprouts after 2 years was 68% for trees 10–14 cm dbh and 28% for trees 20–24 cm dbh. Stump sprouting ranged among sites from 23 to 54% after 2 years. Results indicate that sprouting may be an important, but inadequate, form of regeneration. At sites with short hydroperiods, dense understories, and/or predominance of trees greater than 20 cm dbh, reduced sprouting may occur, and planting seedlings may be beneficial.

Published
2005

19. Ohio's Forests 2011

Author

Cassandra M. Kurtz, Richard H. Widmann, Brett J. Butler, Grant M. Domke, W. Keith Moser, Rachel Riemann, Randall S. Morin, Christopher W. Woodall, Douglas M. Griffith, Mark D. Nelson, and Cotton K. Randall

Subjects
Core set, Forest inventory, Geography, Data collection, Glossary, Forestry, Forest health, Natural resource, Annual growth %, Unit (housing)
Abstract

This report summarizes the second full cycle of annual inventories, 2007-2011, of Ohio's forests by the Forest Inventory and Analysis unit of the Northern Research Station in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry. Since 2006, forest land increased by 2.1 percent and currently totals 8.1 million acres. Net volume of live trees on forest land increased by 7 percent totaling 15.9 billion cubic feet. Most stands are dominated by large trees, 66 percent are in sawtimber-size stands, although most stands are less than fully stocked with growing-stock trees. Annual growth outpaced removals by a ratio of 2.2:1. This report includes additional information on forest attributes, land-use change, carbon, and forest health. The included DVD contains 1) descriptive information on methods, statistics, and quality assurance of data collection, 2) a glossary of terms, 3) tables that summarize quality assurance, 4) a core set of tabular estimates for a variety of forest resources, and 5) a Microsoft Access database that represents an archive of data used in this report, with tools that allow users to produce customized estimates.

Published
2014

20. Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Reducing Wildfire Risk While Achieving Other Landscaping Goals

Author

L. Annie Hermansen-Báez, Cotton K. Randall, and Glenn Acomb

Subjects
business.industry, Environmental resource management, Landscaping, Environmental science, Wildland–urban interface, business
Abstract

Circular 1478, an 8-page illustrated publication by Cotton K. Randall, L. Annie Hermansen-Báez, and Glenn Acomb, gives a brief overview of several different landscaping goals, including wildfire risk reduction (Firewise), wildlife habitat creation or enhancement, water conservation, and energy conservation. It introduces the main principles and compares each to firewise landscaping. It also briefly discusses examples of programs and guidelines that incorporate multiple goals. Includes additional resources and a table showing compatibilities of several landscaping goals and firewise landscaping principles. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, October 2006.

Published
2007

21. Ca2+ current and Ca(2+)-activated chloride current in isolated smooth muscle cells of the sheep urethra

Author

Cotton, K. D., Hollywood, Mark A., McHale, Noel G., and Thornbury, Keith D.

Subjects
Science
Abstract

solated sheep urethral cells were studied using the perforated patch clamp technique (T = 37 degrees C). Depolarizing steps ranging from -40 to -10 mV evoked an inward current that peaked within 10 ms and a slower inward current. Stepping back to the holding potential of -80 mV evoked large inward tail currents. All three currents were abolished by nifedipine (1 microM). Substitution of external Ca2+ with Ba2+ resulted in potentiation of the fast inward current and blockade of the slow current and tails. 2. Changing the chloride equilibrium potential (ECl) from 0 to +27 mV shifted the reversal potential of the tail currents from 1 +/- 1 to 27 +/- 1 mV (number of cells, n = 5). Chloride channel blockers, niflumic acid (10 microM) and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9AC, 1 mM), reduced the slow current and tails suggesting that these were Ca(2+)-activated Cl- currents, ICl(Ca). 4. Caffeine (10 mM) induced currents that reversed at ECl and were blocked by niflumic acid (10 microM). 5. In current clamp mode, some cells developed spontaneous transient depolarizations (STDs) and action potentials. Short exposure to nifedipine blocked the action potentials and unmasked STDs. In contrast, 9AC and niflumic acid reduced the amplitude of the STDs and blocked the action potentials. 6. In conclusion, these cells have both L-type ICa and ICl(Ca). The former appears to be responsible for the upstroke of the action potential, while the latter may act as a pacemaker current.

Published
1997

30. Computer used to field test large T-Gs

Author

Cotton, K., Shafer, H., and Smith, D.

Subjects
General Electric Co. -- Testing, Steam power-plants -- Testing, Business, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
1983

31. Enhancement of Ca2+-dependent outward current in sheep bladder myocytes by Evans blue dye.

Author

Hollywood, M. A., Cotton, K. D., McHale, N. G., and Thornbury, K. D.

Abstract

Whole-cell and inside-out patch-clamp techniques were used to assess the action of a well-known dye, Evans blue, on membrane currents in bladder isolated smooth muscle cells from sheep. In whole cells Evans blue dose-dependently increased the outward current by up to fivefold. In contrast, Evans blue had no effect on inward Ca2+ current. The effect on outward current was abolished or reduced if the cells were bathed in Ca2+-free solution, iberiotoxin (5 × 10–8 M), or charybdotoxin (5 × 10–8 M), but was unaffected by externally applied caffeine (5 mM) or in cells exposed to heparin (1 mg/ml) via the patch pipette. In inside-out patches bathed in a Ca2+ concentration of 5 × 10–7 M, Evans blue (10–4 M) increased the open probability of large-conductance (298-pS) Ca2+-dependent K+ channels (BK channels), shifting the half maximal-activation voltage by –70 mV. We conclude that Evans blue dye acts as an opener of BK channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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34. Cryptosporidium meleagridis from Humans: Molecular Analysis and Description of Affected Patients

Author

Pedraza-Díaz, S., Amar, C. F. L., McLauchlin, J., Nichols, G. L., Cotton, K. M., Godwin, P., Iversen, A. M., Milne, L., Mulla, J. R., Nye, K., Panigrahl, H., Venn, S. R., Wiggins, R., Williams, M., and Youngs, E. R.

Abstract

Objectives: To genetically characterize an unusual genotype of Cryptosporidium from the stools of humans with diarrhoea and to identify risk factors in the affected patients. Methods: DNA was extracted from human faeces where Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by light microscopy. Cryptosporidial gene fragments from six different loci were analysed by PCR alone, PCR/RFLP and by DNA sequencing. Oocysts were characterized by light and immunofluorescence microscopy and epidemiological data was collected from the affected patients. Results: Analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene amplified from > 2000 human faecal samples identified 19 patients all of which produced an unusual RFLP profile. Subsequent DNA sequence analysis of this and an additional four genetic loci (including 18S rRNA sequences) confirmed these as a homogeneous group which was genetically distinct from Cryptosporidium parvum. The isolates were identified as Cryptosporidium meleagridis since the gene sequences were identical to those from this species recovered from birds. Conventional microscopy showed oocysts indistinguishable from C. parvum and reacted strongly with two different commercially available anti-oocyst monoclonal antibodies. None of the patients showed risk factors unusual for cryptosporidiosis; however, ten of the cases occurred during the summer/autumn, six had a history of foreign travel, four were co-infected with Giardia, two were HIV positive, and six were without identifiable immunocompromising factors. Conclusions: This study further confirms that C. meleagridis, in addition to C. parvum, is involved in human disease. The study also highlights the lack of basic information on the host range of this genus of parasites, the complexity of the transmission routes involved in human cryptosporidiosis, and the value of molecular techniques in identify hitherto unrecognised differences in Cryptosporidium from human faeces. Copyright 2001 The British Infection Society

Published
2001
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35. A Simplified ASME Acceptance Test Procedure for Steam Turbines

Author

Bornstein, B. and Cotton, K. C.

Abstract

A simplified procedure is proposed, which reduces the cost of steam turbine acceptance testing without significantly affecting testing accuracy. This simplified acceptance test procedure is applicable to both fossil and nuclear power plants. It involves only the measurements required to calculate heat rate and required to compare the test value to guarantee. The object is to simplify the acceptance test and to reduce its cost to the extent that a no-tolerance acceptance test is conducted on every new, large steam turine-generator unit. While maintaining the traditional high level of testing accuracy, this method also facilitates periodic testing. The results of such tests can provide the information required for scheduling plant outages for maintenance or repair thus ensuring efficient operation of the steam turbine/feedwater cycle throughout the life of the turbine.

Published
1982
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36. Throat Tap Nozzles Used for Accurate Flow Measurements

Author

Cotton, K. C. and Westcott, J. C.

Abstract

The history of the design, manufacture, calibration, and use of 17 nozzles built by the General Electric Company for accurate flow measurements in conducting performance tests on large steam turbine-generator units are presented.

Published
1960
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37. A Method for Predicting the Performance of Steam Turbine-Generators....: 16,500 kw and Larger

Author

Spencer, R. C., Cotton, K. C., and Cannon, C. N.

Abstract

A method is presented for predicting the performance of modern steam turbine-generator units designed for high efficiency levels. This method is based on recent developmental and analytical results. The necessary curves, tables, and instructions are provided for the application of the method to a large variety of units of various kilowatt ratings, types, and steam conditions. Relative heat-rate curves are presented and mathematical expressions are provided for computer applications.

Published
1963
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38. Effects of New International Formulation on Turbine-Generator Performance Calculations

Author

Cotton, K. C., Deming, N. R., and Garbinski, E. H.

Abstract

For the pressure-temperature range of steam turbine operation the new International Formulation properties differ from those in Keenan and Keyes Steam Tables primarily in the values of enthalpy and entropy around 1000 deg F. The deviation is significant at pressures above 2400 psi and diminishes as temperature is both increased and decreased. This paper presents the effect of this deviation in steam properties on steam turbine-generator heat rate and high pressure turbine efficiency. Some test data is presented which indicates the new Formulation is more correct at 1000 deg F.

Published
1968
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39. ASME Steam Turbine Code Test Using Radioactive Tracers

Author

Cotton, K. C., Schofield, P., and Herzog, W. G.

Abstract

The experience gained from conducting an ASME Steam Turbine code testing using radioactive tracers has confirmed the encouraging results obtained during initial feasibility studies. The test also demonstrated the practicability of this method for testing steam turbines operating in the wet region from steam supplied by light water nuclear reactors. Recommendations for the location and installation of the sample and injection points are included, together with an outline of the equipment and procedures used during the testing.

Published
1973
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40. Analysis of Changes in the Performance Characteristics of Steam Turbines

Author

Cotton, K. C. and Schofield, P.

Abstract

The proper analysis of routine steam turbine performance test data can afford valuable information on the internal condition of a steam turbine. This paper outlines the theory behind the analysis of test data together with several case histories illustrating the use of the analysis to pinpoint various steam turbine problems.

Published
1971
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41. Experience With Throat-Tap Nozzles for Accurate Flow Measurement

Author

Cotton, K. C., Carcich, J. A., and Schofield, P.

Abstract

During the past 10 years considerable experience has been gained in the use of ASME throat-tap nozzles for accurate flow measurement. Numerous precision calibrations have established turbulent flow coefficients up to a throat Reynolds number of 6.6 million. These results verify flow coefficients calculated from boundary-layer analysis.

Published
1972
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42. Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Understanding Fire Behavior

Author

Cotton K. Randall

Subjects
business.industry, Environmental resource management, Environmental science, Wildland–urban interface, business, Fire behavior
Abstract

This document is Circular 1432, one of the series Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. This fact sheet is funded by the National Fire Plan through the Southern Center for Wildland-Urban Interface Research and Information, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. First published: January 2003.

Published
1969

43. Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Selecting and Maintaining Firewise Plants for Landscaping

Author

Cotton K. Randall, J. Douglas Doran, and Alan Long

Subjects
business.industry, Environmental resource management, Landscaping, Environmental science, Wildland–urban interface, business
Abstract

This extension publication outlines plant characteristics that have the greatest effect on flammability, as discussed at three levels: plant parts (primarily leaves), whole plants, and groups of plants. Selecting firewise plants can reduce wildfire risk, but during drought conditions, most plants will burn if exposed to enough heat, regardless of their flammability. This document is Circular 1445, one of the series Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: March 2004. Circular 1445/FR147: Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface: Selecting and Maintaining Firewise Plants for Landscaping (ufl.edu)

Published
1969

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