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1. Evidence of ammonium salts in comet 67P as explanation for the nitrogen depletion in cometary comae

Author

Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Berthelier, J. -J., Briois, C., Combi, M., Cottin, H., De Keyser, J., Dhooghe, F., Fiethe, B., Fuselier, S. A., Gombosi, T. I., Hänni, N., Rubin, M., Schuhmann, M., Schroeder, I., Sémon, T., and Wampfler, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Cometary comae are generally depleted in nitrogen. The main carriers for volatile nitrogen in comets are NH3 and HCN. It is known that ammonia readily combines with many acids like e.g. HCN, HNCO, HCOOH, etc. encountered in the interstellar medium as well as in cometary ice to form ammonium salts (NH4+X-) at low temperatures. Ammonium salts, which can play a significant role in prebiotic chemistry, are hard to detect in space as they are unstable in the gas phase and their infrared signature is often hidden by thermal radiation or by e.g. OH in minerals. Here we report the presence of all possible sublimation products of five different ammonium salts at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko measured by the ROSINA instrument on Rosetta. The relatively high sublimation temperatures of the salts leads to an apparent lack of volatile nitrogen in the coma. This then also explains the observed trend of higher NH3/H2O ratios with decreasing perihelion distances in comets.

Published
2019

2. AMBITION -- Comet Nucleus Cryogenic Sample Return (White paper for ESA's Voyage 2050 programme)

Author

Bockelée-Morvan, D., Filacchione, G., Altwegg, K., Bianchi, E., Bizzarro, M., Blum, J., Bonal, L., Capaccioni, F., Codella, C., Choukroun, M., Cottin, H., Davidsson, B., De Sanctis, M. C., Drozdovskaya, M., Engrand, C., Galand, M., Güttler, C., Henri, P., Herique, A., Ivanoski, S., Kokotanekova, R., Levasseur-Regourd, A. -C., Miller, K. E., Rotundi, A., Schönbächler, M., Snodgrass, C., Thomas, N., Tubiana, C., Ulamec, S., and Vincent, J. -B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This white paper proposes that AMBITION, a Comet Nucleus Sample Return mission, be a cornerstone of ESA's Voyage 2050 programme. We summarise some of the most important questions still open in cometary science after the successes of the Rosetta mission, many of which require sample analysis using techniques that are only possible in laboratories on Earth. We then summarise measurements, instrumentation and mission scenarios that can address these questions, with a recommendation that ESA select an ambitious cryogenic sample return mission. Rendezvous missions to Main Belt comets and Centaurs are compelling cases for M-class missions, expanding our knowledge by exploring new classes of comets. AMBITION would engage a wide community, drawing expertise from a vast range of disciplines within planetary science and astrophysics. With AMBITION, Europe will continue its leadership in the exploration of the most primitive Solar System bodies., Comment: 8 figures, 26 pages

Published
2019

3. Identification of organic molecules with a laboratory prototype based on the Laser Ablation-CosmOrbitrap

Author

Selliez, L., Briois, C., Carrasco, N., Thirkell, L., Thissen, R., Ito, M., Orthous-Daunay, F. -R., Chalumeau, G., Colin, F., Cottin, H., Engrand, C., Flandinet, L., Fray, N., Gaubicher, B., Grand, N., Lebreton, J. -P., Makarov, A., Ruocco, S., Szopa, C., Vuitton, V., and Zapf, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

In the Solar System, extra-terrestrial organic molecules have been found on cometary primitive objects, on Titan and Enceladus icy moons and on Mars. Identification could be achieved for simple organic species by remote sensing based on spectroscopic methods. However in situ mass spectrometry is a key technology to determine the nature of more complex organic matter. A new concept of mass analyser offering ultra-high mass resolving power of more than 50,000 at m/z 56 (under high vacuum condition about 10-9 mbar) is currently being developed for space applications: the CosmOrbitrap (Briois et al., 2016), based on the OrbitrapTM technology. This work challenges the use of LAb-CosmOrbitrap, a space instrument prototype combining Laser Ablation ionisation and the CosmOrbitrap mass analyser, to identify solid organic molecules of relevance to the future space exploration. For this purpose a blind test was jointly organised by the JAXA-HRMS team (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry) and the CosmOrbitrap consortium. The JAXA team provided two organic samples, whereas the CosmOrbitrap consortium analysed them without prior information. Thanks to the high analytical performances of the prototype and our HRMS data post-processing, we successfully identified the two molecules as HOBt, hydroxybenzotriazole (C6H5N3O) and BBOT, 2,5-Bis(5-tert-butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene (C26H26N2O2S), with a mass resolving power of, respectively, 123 540 and 69 219. The success of this blind test on complex organic molecules shows the strong potential of LAb-CosmOrbitrap for future space applications.

Published
2019
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4. DARWIN - A Mission to Detect, and Search for Life on, Extrasolar Planets

Author

Cockell, C. S., Leger, A., Fridlund, M., Herbst, T., Kaltenegger, L., Absil, O., Beichman, C., Benz, W., Blanc, M., Brack, A., Chelli, A., Colangeli, L., Cottin, H., Foresto, V. Coude du, Danchi, W., Defrere, D., Herder, J. -W. den, Eiroa, C., Greaves, J., Henning, T., Johnston, K., Jones, H., Labadie, L., Lammer, H., Launhardt, R., Lawson, P., Lay, O. P., LeDuigou, J. -M., Liseau, R., Malbet, F., Martin, S. R., Mawet, D., Mourard, D., Moutou, C., Mugnier, L., Paresce, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rabbia, Y., Raven, J. A., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rouan, D., Santos, N., Selsis, F., Serabyn, E., Shibai, H., Tamura, M., Thiebaut, E., Westall, F., White, and Glenn, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The discovery of extra-solar planets is one of the greatest achievements of modern astronomy. The detection of planets with a wide range of masses demonstrates that extra-solar planets of low mass exist. In this paper we describe a mission, called Darwin, whose primary goal is the search for, and characterization of, terrestrial extrasolar planets and the search for life. Accomplishing the mission objectives will require collaborative science across disciplines including astrophysics, planetary sciences, chemistry and microbiology. Darwin is designed to detect and perform spectroscopic analysis of rocky planets similar to the Earth at mid-infrared wavelengths (6 - 20 micron), where an advantageous contrast ratio between star and planet occurs. The baseline mission lasts 5 years and consists of approximately 200 individual target stars. Among these, 25 to 50 planetary systems can be studied spectroscopically, searching for gases such as CO2, H2O, CH4 and O3. Many of the key technologies required for the construction of Darwin have already been demonstrated and the remainder are estimated to be mature in the near future. Darwin is a mission that will ignite intense interest in both the research community and the wider public.

Published
2008
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11. Refractory Organics in Comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Additional Evidence for Large-scale Mixing in the Primitive Solar Nebula?

Author

Nuth, J. A, Johnson, N. M, Ferguson, F. T, Hilchenbach, M, Merouane, S, Paquette, J. A, Stenzel, O, Cottin, H, Fray, N, Bardyn, A, Baklouti, D, and Le Roy, L

Subjects
Inorganic, Organic And Physical Chemistry, Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The COSIMA instrument onboard the Rosetta spacecraft collected and analyzed samples of individual particles from the coma of Comet67P/ Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Initial results of the analysis of several particles have been presented elsewhere while analyses of the organic component of the dust particles has been shown to compare favor ably to laboratory spectra of IOM extracted from the Orguil and Murchison meteorites. Here we will compare the spectra of the same two particles to laboratory spectra of organic grain coatings produced via Surface Mediated Reactions of CO, H2 and N2 on amorphous iron silicate grains.

Published
2017

13. Triple F—a comet nucleus sample return mission

Author

Küppers, Michael, Keller, H. U., Kührt, E., A’Hearn, M. F., Altwegg, K., Bertrand, R., Busemann, H., Capria, M. T., Colangeli, L., Davidsson, B., Ehrenfreund, P., Knollenberg, J., Mottola, S., Rathke, A., Weiss, P., Zolensky, M., Akim, E., Basilevsky, A., Galimov, E., Gerasimov, M., Korablev, O., Lomakin, I., Marov, M., Martynov, M., Nazarov, M., Zakharov, A., Zelenyi, L., Aronica, A., Ball, A. J., Barbieri, C., Bar-Nun, A., Benkhoff, J., Biele, J., Biver, N., Blum, J., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Botta, O., Bredehöft, J.-H., Capaccioni, F., Charnley, S., Cloutis, E., Cottin, H., Cremonese, G., Crovisier, J., Crowther, S. A., Epifani, E. M., Esposito, F., Ferrari, A. C., Ferri, F., Fulle, M., Gilmour, J., Goesmann, F., Gortsas, N., Green, S. F., Groussin, O., Grün, E., Gutiérrez, P. J., Hartogh, P., Henkel, T., Hilchenbach, M., Ho, T.-M., Horneck, G., Hviid, S. F., Ip, W.-H., Jäckel, A., Jessberger, E., Kallenbach, R., Kargl, G., Kömle, N. I., Korth, A., Kossacki, K., Krause, C., Krüger, H., Li, Z.-Y., Licandro, J., Lopez-Moreno, J. J., Lowry, S. C., Lyon, I., Magni, G., Mall, U., Mann, I., Markiewicz, W., Martins, Z., Maurette, M., Meierhenrich, U., Mennella, V., Ng, T. C., Nittler, L. R., Palumbo, P., Pätzold, M., Prialnik, D., Rengel, M., Rickman, H., Rodriguez, J., Roll, R., Rost, D., Rotundi, A., Sandford, S., Schönbächler, M., Sierks, H., Srama, R., Stroud, R. M., Szutowicz, S., Tornow, C., Ulamec, S., Wallis, M., Waniak, W., Weissman, P., Wieler, R., Wurz, P., Yung, K. L., and Zarnecki, J. C.

Published
2009
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14. Distributed glycine in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (Corrigendum)

Author

Hadraoui, K., primary, Cottin, H., additional, Ivanovski, S. L., additional, Zapf, P., additional, Altwegg, K., additional, Benilan, Y., additional, Biver, N., additional, Della Corte, V., additional, Fray, N., additional, Lasue, J., additional, Merouane, S., additional, Rotundi, A., additional, and Zakharov, V., additional

Published
2021
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15. Cosima – High Resolution Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer for the Analysis of Cometary Dust Particles onboard Rosetta

Author

Kissel, J., Altwegg, K., Clark, B. C., Colangeli, L., Cottin, H., Czempiel, S., Eibl, J., Engrand, C., Fehringer, H. M., Feuerbacher, B., Fomenkova, M., Glasmachers, A., Greenberg, J. M., Grün, E., Haerendel, G., Henkel, H., Hilchenbach, M., von Hoerner, H., Höfner, H., Hornung, K., Jessberger, E. K., Koch, A., Krüger, H., Langevin, Y., Parigger, P., Raulin, F., Rüdenauer, F., Rynö, J., Schmid, E. R., Schulz, R., Silén, J., Steiger, W., Stephan, T., Thirkell, L., Thomas, R., Torkar, K., Utterback, N. G., Varmuza, K., Wanczek, K. P., Werther, W., and Zscheeg, H.

Published
2007
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17. COSIMA: High Resolution Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer for the Analysis of Cometary Dust Particles Onboard ROSETTA

Author

Kissel, J., primary, Altwegg, K., additional, Briois, C., additional, Clark, B. C., additional, Colangeli, L., additional, Cottin, H., additional, Czempiel, S., additional, Eibl, J., additional, Engr, C., additional, Fehringer, H. M., additional, Feuerbacher, B., additional, Fischer, H., additional, Fomenkova, M., additional, Glasmachers, A., additional, Greenberg, J. M., additional, Grün, E., additional, Haerendel, G., additional, Henkel, H., additional, Hilchenbach, M., additional, von Hoerner, H., additional, Höfner, H., additional, Hornung, K., additional, Jessberger, E. K., additional, Koch, A., additional, Krüger, H., additional, Langevin, Y., additional, Martin, P., additional, Parigger, P., additional, RauIin, F., additional, Rüdenauer, F., additional, Rynö, J., additional, Schmid, E. R., additional, Schulz, R., additional, Silén, J., additional, Steiger, W., additional, Stephan, T., additional, Thirkell, L., additional, Thomas, R., additional, Torkar, K., additional, Utterback, N. G., additional, Varmuza, K., additional, Wanczek, K. P., additional, Werther, W., additional, and Zscheeg, H., additional

Published
2009
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18. 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko’s dust activity from pre- to post-perihelion as detected by Rosetta/GIADA

Author

Longobardo, A, primary, Della Corte, V, primary, Rotundi, A, primary, Fulle, M, primary, Rinaldi, G, primary, Formisano, M, primary, Zakharov, V, primary, Ivanovski, S, primary, Mannel, T, primary, Ciarniello, M, primary, Inno, L, primary, Rubin, M, primary, Palomba, E, primary, Cottin, H, primary, Dirri, F, primary, Palumbo, P, primary, Güttler, C, primary, Merouane, S, primary, Tubiana, C, primary, Pestoni, B, primary, and Dionnet, Z, primary

Published
2020
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20. AMBITION -- Comet nucleus cryogenic sample return (white paper for ESA's voyage 2050 programme)

Author

Bockelée-Morvan, D, Filacchione, G, Altwegg, K, Bianchi, E, Bizzarro, M, Blum, J, Bonal, L, Capaccioni, F, Codella, C, Choukroun, M, Cottin, H, Davidsson, B, Sanctis, MCD, Drozdovskaya, M, Engrand, C, Galand, M, Güttler, C, Henri, P, Herique, A, Ivanoski, S, Kokotanekova, R, Levasseur-Regourd, A-C, Miller, KE, Rotundi, A, Schönbächler, M, Snodgrass, C, Thomas, N, Tubiana, C, Ulamec, S, Vincent, J-B, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and European Space Agency / Estec

Subjects
astro-ph.EP, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

This white paper proposes that AMBITION, a Comet Nucleus Sample Return mission, be a cornerstone of ESA's Voyage 2050 programme. We summarise some of the most important questions still open in cometary science after the successes of the Rosetta mission, many of which require sample analysis using techniques that are only possible in laboratories on Earth. We then summarise measurements, instrumentation and mission scenarios that can address these questions, with a recommendation that ESA select an ambitious cryogenic sample return mission. Rendezvous missions to Main Belt comets and Centaurs are compelling cases for M-class missions, expanding our knowledge by exploring new classes of comets. AMBITION would engage a wide community, drawing expertise from a vast range of disciplines within planetary science and astrophysics. With AMBITION, Europe will continue its leadership in the exploration of the most primitive Solar System bodies.

Published
2019

21. The Cassini-Huygens Mission: Exo/Astro/Cosmobiological Perspectives

Author

Raulin, F, Niemann, H, Israel, Guy, Atreya, S, Benilan, Y, Bernard, J.-M, Cabane, M, Coll, P, Cottin, H, and Coscia, D

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

One of the main objectives of the Cassini-Huygens mission is to explore Titan in great detail and to study in particular the many exobiological aspects of Titan, this exotic world which presents so many analogies with our planet. The Cassini orbiter and the Huygens probe, in a complementary way, will systematically study the many chemical and physical aspects of the different parts of what can be called the "geofluid" of Titan. Many of the twelve instruments of the Cassini orbiter and most of the six instruments of the Huygens probe will provide much information of crucial importance for our knowledge of the complexity of Titan's organic chemistry. This is particularly the case with the GC-M4S and ACP experiments which will provide the first in situ chemical (including isotopic and molecular) analyses of the gas and aerosol phases of Titan's atmosphere. Indeed, because of the presence of a dense atmosphere, mainly made of N2 with noticeable fraction of CH4, and of an environment very rich in organics, and of many couplings involved in the various parts of its geofluid, in spite of low temperatures and the absence of liquid water, Titan is a reference for studying prebiotic chemistry on a planetary scale. Many programs have recently been developed to study in detail Titan's chemistry, in direct connection with the Cassini-Huygens mission. They include new observations, development of photochemical models, laboratory determination of IR and UV spectra of organics of interest for Titan's atmosphere, and experimental studies, such as laboratory simulation of Titan's gas and aerosol organic chemistry. The paper will review the exobiological aspects of Titan. It will also present some of the new data concerning Titan s organic chemistry that have been obtained through the several possible approaches and discuss the exobiological implication of the potential scientific return of the Cassini-Huygens mission.

Published
2004

22. Synthesis of analogues of cometary organic matter: thermochemical evolution and preparation of in-situ observations

Author

Fray N., Briani G., Le Roy L., Bénilan Y., Cottin H., and Gazeau M.-C.

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502, Physiology, QP1-981, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

An organic residue is remaining at 300 K after the VUV photolysis of ices mixture and subsequent heating. This residue is thought to be representative of the organic matter contained in comets. Our experiments show that the thermal evolution is an important process. Indeed, the organic residue remaining at 300 K is not produced completely during the photolysis at low temperature but also during the heating. Furthermore, when heated at temperature higher than 300 K, the residue undergoes chemical evolution which has to be taken into account in astrophysical models. Furthermore, our work allows to propose observational strategy to maximize the chance to detect in-situ some compounds, such as POM and HMT, thanks to COSIMA which is one of the mass spectrometers on board of the Rosetta spacecraft.

Published
2014
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23. Global Composition of Cometary Dust Particles from 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as deduced from the COSIMA/Rosetta Instrument

Author

Bardyn, A., Baklouti, D., Briois, Christelle, Cottin, H., Engrand, Cecile, Fischer, Henning, Frays, Nicolas, Gardner, Eva, Hornung, Klaus, Isnard, Robin, Langevin, Yves, Lehto, Harry, Le Roy, Léna, Ligier, Nicolas, Merouane, Sihane, Modica, Paula, Orthous-Daunay, François-Regis, Paquette, John, Rynö, Jouni, Schulz, Rita, Silén, Johan, Siljeström, Sandra, Stenzel, Oliver, Thirkell, Laurent, Varmuza, Kurt, Zaprudin, Boris, Kissel, Jochen, Hilchenbach, Martin, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Engrand, Cecile

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

24. The D/H ratio in cometary dust measured by Rosetta/COSIMA

Author

Paquette, John, Fray, N., Cottin, H., Engrand, Cecile, Bardyn, A, Stenzel, O, Merouane, S., Hilchenbach, M., Alexander, C. M. O'D., Langevin, Y., Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Engrand, Cecile, and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

25. Distributed glycine in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Hadraoui, K., primary, Cottin, H., additional, Ivanovski, S. L., additional, Zapf, P., additional, Altwegg, K., additional, Benilan, Y., additional, Biver, N., additional, Della Corte, V., additional, Fray, N., additional, Lasue, J., additional, Merouane, S., additional, Rotundi, A., additional, and Zakharov, V., additional

Published
2019
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26. H/C elemental ratio of the refractory organic matter in cometary particles of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Isnard, R., primary, Bardyn, A., additional, Fray, N., additional, Briois, C., additional, Cottin, H., additional, Paquette, J., additional, Stenzel, O., additional, Alexander, C., additional, Baklouti, D., additional, Engrand, C., additional, Orthous-Daunay, F.-R., additional, Siljeström, S., additional, Varmuza, K., additional, and Hilchenbach, M., additional

Published
2019
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28. Identification of organic molecules with a laboratory prototype based on the Laser Ablation-CosmOrbitrap

Author

Selliez, L., primary, Briois, C., additional, Carrasco, N., additional, Thirkell, L., additional, Thissen, R., additional, Ito, M., additional, Orthous-Daunay, F.-R., additional, Chalumeau, G., additional, Colin, F., additional, Cottin, H., additional, Engrand, C., additional, Flandinet, L., additional, Fray, N., additional, Gaubicher, B., additional, Grand, N., additional, Lebreton, J.-P., additional, Makarov, A., additional, Ruocco, S., additional, Szopa, C., additional, Vuitton, V., additional, and Zapf, P., additional

Published
2019
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29. Electrical properties of cometary dust particles derived from line shapes of TOF-SIMS spectra measured by the ROSETTA/COSIMA instrument

Author

Hornung, K., Mellado, E. M., Paquette, J., Fray, N., Fischer, H., Stenzel, O., Baklouti, D., Merouane, S., Langevin, Y., Bardyn, A., Engrand, C., Cottin, H., Thirkell, L., Briois, C., Modica, P., Rynö, J., Silen, J., Schulz, R., Siljeström, Sandra, Lehto, H., Varmuza, K., Koch, A., Kissel, J., Hilchenbach, M., Hornung, K., Mellado, E. M., Paquette, J., Fray, N., Fischer, H., Stenzel, O., Baklouti, D., Merouane, S., Langevin, Y., Bardyn, A., Engrand, C., Cottin, H., Thirkell, L., Briois, C., Modica, P., Rynö, J., Silen, J., Schulz, R., Siljeström, Sandra, Lehto, H., Varmuza, K., Koch, A., Kissel, J., and Hilchenbach, M.

Abstract

Between Aug. 2014 and Sept. 2016, while ESA's cornerstone mission Rosetta was operating in the vicinity of the nucleus and in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the COSIMA instrument collected a large number of dust particles with diameters up to a millimeter. Positive or negative ions were detected by a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) and the composition of selected particles was deduced. Many of the negative ion mass spectra show, besides mass peaks at the correct position, an additional, extended contribution at the lower mass side caused by partial charging of the dust. This effect, usually avoided in SIMS applications, can in our case be used to obtain information on the electrical properties of the collected cometary dust particles, such as the specific resistivity (ρr>1.2⋅1010Ωm) and the real part of the relative electrical permittivity (εr<1.2). From these values a lower limit for the porosity is derived (P>0.8)., Funding details: Austrian Science Fund, FWF, P26871-N20; Funding details: Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, CNES; Funding details: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR, 50 QP 1801; Funding text 1: COSIMA was built by a consortium led by the Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany in collaboration with Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace, Orléans, France, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS/Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany, von Hoerner und Sulger GmbH, Schwetzingen, Germany, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany, Institut für Physik, Forschungszentrum Seibersdorf, Seibersdorf, Austria, Institut für Weltraumforschung, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Graz, Austria and is lead by the Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen, Germany. The support of the national funding agencies of Germany ( DLR , grant 50 QP 1801 ), France ( CNES ), Austria ( FWF , grant P26871-N20 ), Finland and the ESA Technical Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the Rosetta Science Ground Segment at ESAC, the Rosetta Mission Operations Centre at ESOC and the Rosetta Project at ESTEC for their outstanding work enabling the science return of the Rosetta Mission. Appendix A

Published
2019
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30. Earth as a Tool for Astrobiology:A European Perspective

Author

Martins, Z., Cottin, H., Kotler, J.M., Carrasco, N., Cockell, C.S., delaTorreNoetzel, R., Demets, R., de Vera, J.-P., d’Hendecourt, L., Ehrenfreund, P., Elsaesser, A., Foing, B., Onofri, S., Quinn, R., Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., Ricco, A.J., Slenzka, K., Stalport, F., tenKate, I.L., van Loon, J.J.W.A., Westall, F., Petrology, Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chemical Analysis Facility (CAF), University of Reading (UOR), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, INTA Departamento de Observación de la Tierra, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Policy Institute [Washington], The George Washington University (GW), Experimental Molecular Biophysics [Berlin], Fachbereich Physik [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin-Freie Universität Berlin, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), DLR Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), OHB Systems AG, Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), ESA, CNES, ANR, CNRS (CNRS-MI-2014), European Project: 636829,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,PRIMCHEM(2015), European Project: 607297,EC:FP7:SPA,FP7-SPACE-2013-1,MASE(2014), Fachbereich Physik [Freie Univeristät Berlin] | Department of Physics [Freie Univeristät Berlin], Orbitale Hochtechnologie Bremen (OHB Systems AG), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Leiden, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Cardon, Catherine, Primitive chemistry in planetary atmospheres: From the upper atmosphere down to the surface - PRIMCHEM - - H20202015-09-01 - 2020-09-01 - 636829 - VALID, Mars Analogues for Space Exploration - MASE - - EC:FP7:SPA2014-01-01 - 2018-01-01 - 607297 - VALID, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery / Oral Pathology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences - Restoration and Development, The Royal Society, Petrology, MKA VUmc (ORM, ACTA), and Maxillofacial Surgery (VUmc)

Subjects
Engineering, Solar System, planetary field analogues, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Exoplanetology, astrobiology, Field test campaigns, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Exobiology, Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets, field test campaigns, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astrochemistry, exobiology, business.industry, astrochemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Laboratory analogues, Field (geography), EXPOSE, Outreach, laboratory analogues, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, Planetary science, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planetary field analogues, business
Abstract

International audience; Scientists use the Earth as a tool for astrobiology by analyzing planetary field analogues (i.e. terrestrial samples and field sites that resemble planetary bodies in our Solar System). In addition, they expose the selected planetary field analogues in simulation chambers to conditions that mimic the ones of planets, moons and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space conditions, as well as the chemistry occurring in interstellar and cometary ices. This paper reviews the ways the Earth is used by astrobiologists: (i) by conducting planetary field analogue studies to investigate extant life from extreme environments, its metabolisms, adaptation strategies and modern biosignatures; (ii) by conducting planetary field analogue studies to investigate extinct life from the oldest rocks on our planet and its biosignatures; (iii) by exposing terrestrial samples to simulated space or planetary environments and producing a sample analogue to investigate changes in minerals, biosignatures and microorganisms. The European Space Agency (ESA) created a topical team in 2011 to investigate recent activities using the Earth as a tool for astrobiology and to formulate recommendations and scientific needs to improve ground-based astrobiological research. Space is an important tool for astrobiology (see Horneck et al. in Astrobiology, 16:201–243, 2016; Cottin et al., 2017), but access to space is limited. Complementing research on Earth provides fast access, more replications and higher sample throughput. The major conclusions of the topical team and suggestions for the future include more scientifically qualified calls for field campaigns with planetary analogy, and a centralized point of contact at ESA or the EU for the organization of a survey of such expeditions. An improvement of the coordinated logistics, infrastructures and funding system supporting the combination of field work with planetary simulation investigations, as well as an optimization of the scientific return and data processing, data storage and data distribution is also needed. Finally, a coordinated EU or ESA education and outreach program would improve the participation of the public in the astrobiological activities.

Published
2017
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31. IN-SITU ANALYSIS OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE SAMPLES FROM A JUPITER TROJAN ASTEROID USING A HIGH RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETER IN THE SOLAR POWER SAIL MISSION

Author

Kebukawa, Y., Ito, M., Aoki, J., Okada, T., Kawai, Y., Matsumoto, J., Nakamura, R., Yano, H., Terada, K., Toyoda, M., Yabuta, H., Grand, N., Cottin, H., Buch, A., Christelle BRIOIS, Thirkell, L., Mori, O., Kawaguchi, J., Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo Metropolitan University [Tokyo] (TMU), Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Hiroshima University, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Centrale Paris, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Tokyo Metropolitan University [Tokyo], Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Buch, Arnaud

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

32. Science and Exploration of a Jupiter Trojan Asteroid in the solar-power sail mission

Author

Okada, T., Iwata, T., Matsumoto, J., Bibring, J.-P., Ulamec, S., Jaumann, R., Nakamura, R., Yano, H., Kebukawa, Y., Aoki, J., Kawai, Y., Terada, K., Toyoda, M., Ito, M., Yabuta, K., Yurimoto, H., Saito, Y., Yokota, S., Okamoto, C., Matsuura, S., Tsumura, K., Yonetoku, D., Mihara, T., Matsuoka, A., Nomura, R., Hirai, T., Grand, N., Cottin, H., Thirkell, L., Briois, C., Saiki, T., Kato, H., Mori, O., and Kawaguchi, J.

Subjects
Planetengeologie, Exploration, Jupiter Trojan, Nutzerzentrum für Weltraumexperimente (MUSC)
Abstract

Jupiter Trojan asteroids are located around the Sun-Jupiter Lagrange points (L4 or L5), and most of them are classified as D- or P-type, considered as volatile rich materials with rocks, water ices, and organics. However, the origin and evolution, composi- tion and physical conditions of these bodies still remain unknown. Jupiter Trojans are the missing links of ma- terials that originates from inner and outer solar system, and they are also intermediate size to undergo aqueous and thermal alteration between primitive smaller and evolved larger bodies. They are the key targets to un- derstand the evolution process and the chemical radial distribution in the solar system. An engineering mission to a Jupiter Trojan asteroid is being studied in Japan using a hybrid propulsion system of a large area solar-power sail (SPS) and a sophisticated ion engine [1]. After arriving there, the asteroid will be investigated for scientific purpose and for landing site selection by remote sensing. A lander will be deployed to land on the asteroid surface and conduct in situ bservations. A Jupiter Trojan multi-flyby mission (LUCY) [2] has been selected as the next Discovery class mission, which aims at understanding the variation and diversity of Jupiter Trojans, contrary to the SPS mission which will rendezvous and land on the asteroid and conduct in-depth measurements. The SPS mission is jointly studied between engineers and scientists both from Japan and Europe [3]. We will present here the key scientific objectives and the strawman payloads for the SPS mission.

Published
2017

38. Science experiments on a Jupiter Trojan Asteroid in the solar powerd sail mission

Author

Mori, O., Okada, T., Bibring, J. P., Ulamec, S., Nakamuara, R., Yano, H., Kebukawa, Y., Aoki, J., Kawai, Y., Yabuta, K., Ito, M., Saito, Y., Yokota, S., Grand, N., Cottin, H., Thirkell, L., Briois, C., Iwata, T., Matsuoka, A., Matsumoto, J., Saikil, T., Kato, H, and Kawaguchi, J.

Subjects
Asteroid, Jupiter Trojan Asteroid, Nutzerzentrum für Weltraumexperimente (MUSC)
Abstract

A new mission to visit and explore a Jupiter Trojan asteroid is under study in Japan using a hybrid propulsion system of solar-powered sail (SPS) and sophisticated ion engine, and additionally using a scientific lander, which is jointly investigated between engineers and scientists from Japan and Europe [1]. We present here the key objectives and the strawman payloads of science experiments on the asteroid in this mission.

Published
2016

39. Earth as a Tool for Astrobiology: A European Perspective

Author

Martins, Z., Cottin, H., Kotler, J.M., Carrasco, N., Cockell, C.S., delaTorreNoetzel, R., Demets, R., de Vera, J.-P., d’Hendecourt, L., Ehrenfreund, P., Elsaesser, A., Foing, B., Onofri, S., Quinn, R., Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., Ricco, A.J., Slenzka, K., Stalport, F., tenKate, I.L., van Loon, J.J.W.A., Westall, F., Martins, Z., Cottin, H., Kotler, J.M., Carrasco, N., Cockell, C.S., delaTorreNoetzel, R., Demets, R., de Vera, J.-P., d’Hendecourt, L., Ehrenfreund, P., Elsaesser, A., Foing, B., Onofri, S., Quinn, R., Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., Ricco, A.J., Slenzka, K., Stalport, F., tenKate, I.L., van Loon, J.J.W.A., and Westall, F.

Abstract

Scientists use the Earth as a tool for astrobiology by analyzing planetary field analogues (i.e. terrestrial samples and field sites that resemble planetary bodies in our Solar System). In addition, they expose the selected planetary field analogues in simulation chambers to conditions that mimic the ones of planets, moons and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space conditions, as well as the chemistry occurring in interstellar and cometary ices. This paper reviews the ways the Earth is used by astrobiologists: (i) by conducting planetary field analogue studies to investigate extant life from extreme environments, its metabolisms, adaptation strategies and modern biosignatures; (ii) by conducting planetary field analogue studies to investigate extinct life from the oldest rocks on our planet and its biosignatures; (iii) by exposing terrestrial samples to simulated space or planetary environments and producing a sample analogue to investigate changes in minerals, biosignatures and microorganisms. The European Space Agency (ESA) created a topical team in 2011 to investigate recent activities using the Earth as a tool for astrobiology and to formulate recommendations and scientific needs to improve ground-based astrobiological research. Space is an important tool for astrobiology (see Horneck et al. in Astrobiology, 16:201–243, 2016; Cottin et al., 2017), but access to space is limited. Complementing research on Earth provides fast access, more replications and higher sample throughput. The major conclusions of the topical team and suggestions for the future include more scientifically qualified calls for field campaigns with planetary analogy, and a centralized point of contact at ESA or the EU for the organization of a survey of such expeditions. An improvement of the coordinated logistics, infrastructures and funding system supporting the combination of field work with planetary simulation investigations, as well as an optimization of the scientific return and data processing

Published
2017

40. Earth as a Tool for Astrobiology: A European Perspective

Author

Petrology, Martins, Z., Cottin, H., Kotler, J.M., Carrasco, N., Cockell, C.S., delaTorreNoetzel, R., Demets, R., de Vera, J.-P., d’Hendecourt, L., Ehrenfreund, P., Elsaesser, A., Foing, B., Onofri, S., Quinn, R., Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., Ricco, A.J., Slenzka, K., Stalport, F., tenKate, I.L., van Loon, J.J.W.A., Westall, F., Petrology, Martins, Z., Cottin, H., Kotler, J.M., Carrasco, N., Cockell, C.S., delaTorreNoetzel, R., Demets, R., de Vera, J.-P., d’Hendecourt, L., Ehrenfreund, P., Elsaesser, A., Foing, B., Onofri, S., Quinn, R., Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., Ricco, A.J., Slenzka, K., Stalport, F., tenKate, I.L., van Loon, J.J.W.A., and Westall, F.

Published
2017

41. Window contamination on Expose-R

Author

Demets, R., Bertrand, M., Bolkhovitinov, A., Bryson, K., Colas, C., Cottin, H., Dettmann, J., Ehrenfreund, P., Elsaesser, A., Jaramillo, E., Lebert, M., van Papendrecht, G., Pereira, C., Rohr, T., Saiagh, K., Schuster, M., Demets, R., Bertrand, M., Bolkhovitinov, A., Bryson, K., Colas, C., Cottin, H., Dettmann, J., Ehrenfreund, P., Elsaesser, A., Jaramillo, E., Lebert, M., van Papendrecht, G., Pereira, C., Rohr, T., Saiagh, K., and Schuster, M.

Abstract

Expose is a multi-user instrument for astrobiological and astrochemical experiments in space. Installed at the outer surface of the International Space Station, it enables investigators to study the impact of the open space environment on biological and biochemical test samples. Two Expose missions have been completed so far, designated as Expose-E (Rabbow et al. 2012) and Expose-R (Rabbow et al. this issue). One of the space-unique environmental factors offered by Expose is full-spectrum, ultraviolet (UV)-rich electromagnetic radiation from the Sun. This paper describes and analyses how on Expose-R, access of the test samples to Solar radiation degraded during space exposure in an unpredicted way. Several windows in front of the Sun-exposed test samples acquired a brown shade, resulting in a reduced transparency in visible light, UV and vacuum UV (VUV). Post-flight investigations revealed the discolouration to be caused by a homogenous film of cross-linked organic polymers at the inside of the windows. The chemical signature varied per sample carrier. No such films were found on windows from sealed, pressurized compartments, or on windows that had been kept out of the Sun. This suggests that volatile compounds originating from the interior of the Expose facility were cross-linked and photo-fixed by Solar irradiation at the rear side of the windows. The origin of the volatiles was not fully identified; most probably there was a variety of sources involved including the biological test samples, adhesives, plastics and printed circuit boards. The outer surface of the windows (pointing into space) was chemically impacted as well, with a probable effect on the transparency in VUV. The reported analysis of the window contamination on Expose-R is expected to help the interpretation of the scientific results and offers possibilities to mitigate this problem on future missions-in particular Expose-R2, the direct successor of Expose-R

Published
2017

42. New Analogs of Cometary Nitrogen-Rich Refractory Organics and Comparison with UltraCarbonaceous MicroMeteorites

Author

Quirico, E., Bonnet, J. Y., Buch, A., Thissen, R., Szopa, C., Nathalie Carrasco, Cemogora, G., Frays, N., Cottin, H., Le Roy, L., Montagnac, G., Dartois, E., Brunetto, R., Engrand, C., Duprat, J., Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble ( IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 ( LGPM ), CentraleSupélec, IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] ( LGL-TPE ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse ( CSNSM ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Meteoritical Society, bonnardel, emilie, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), PLANETO - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.ASTR.EP] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], [ PHYS.ASTR.EP ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract

International audience; We produced fairly relevant analogs of N-rich refractory organics of UCAMMs, through thermal degradation of tholin and HCN polymer. This suggests that a formation by thermal processes in the solar nebula is plausible.

Published
2014

43. Rosetta/COSIMA: Laboratory time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectra of PAHs for in-situ detection in the cometary solid organic matter

Author

Bardyn, A., Briois, C., Cottin, H., Fray, N., Leroy, L., Thirkell, L., Hilchenbach, M., Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; ESA's spacecraft called ROSETTA will reach the comet 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko in August 2014. During the escort phase of the mission, beginning after the lander (Philae) is released, the COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Analyzer (COSIMA) [1] carried on board will collect and analyse dust grains in the cometary coma. COSIMA is a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) with a high mass resolution m/Δ m of 1400 at mass m=100 amu (from FWHM) and mass range from 1 to 3500 amu. The investigations performed by COSIMA on solid cometary grains are aimed to analyze in situ their molecular, elemental, and isotopic composition. The spectra obtained with COSIMA, will be a combination of mass peaks of mineral and organic elements. The organics are expected to be minor peaks, making their identification not simple. To prepare for the future COSIMA spectra interpretation, the COSIMA team members have started to establish a library database of standardized mass spectra [2,3]. High statistics of positive and negative spectra of the samples were then taken in order to get molecular structure information. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic macromolecules that could survive harsh radiation environment. They are suspected to be responsible for unidentified infrared bands observed in diverse astrophysical environments. Many attempts were made to demonstrate the presence of PAHs in comets. Tentative attributions of fluorescence emission bands have been made of spectra taken during the Vega-2 mission [4,5], and recently on Stardust samples returned [6]. In this work, we have used the COSIMA prototype based in Orléans to analyze PAHs and alkanes molecules deposition on gold targets.

Published
2014

44. The organic content of comets: how to get prepared for the COSIMA TOF-SIMS measurements onboard the ROSETTA spacecraft

Author

Fray, N., Bardyn, A., Briois, C., Cottin, H., Engrand, C., Siljeström, S., Thirkell, L., Varmuza, K., Hilchenbach, M., Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; COSIMA is a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) onboard the ESA ROSETTA spacecraft. It is meant to collect and analyze dust grains ejected from the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. This instrument is devoted to the mineral and organic chemical analysis of dust grains. This presentation will focus on the extent to which the organic content of the comet can be characterized in situ with COSIMA. It will be based on the pre-calibration mass spectra that have been obtained with ground instruments on either pure organic compounds or extraterrestrial sample containing carbonaceous matter.

Published
2014

45. Laboratory Secondary Ion Mass Spectra of Cometary Analog Material

Author

Hilchenbach, M., Briois, Christelle, Cottin, H., Engrand, C., Hornung, K., Kissel, J., Krüger, H., Lehto, H. J., Lehto, K., Silen, J., Thirkell, L., Varmuza, K., Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSNSM AS, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract

International audience; Secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) COSIMA onboard Rosetta and mass spectra interpretation with statistical methods.

Published
2013

46. Dust OrbiTrap Sensor (DOTS) for In-Situ Analysis of Airless Planetary Bodies

Author

Briois, Christelle, Thissen, R., Engrand, C., Altwegg, Kathrin, Bouabdellah, Abdel, Boukrara, A., Carrasco, Nathalie, Chapuis, Claude, Cottin, H., Grün, E., Grand, Noël, Henkel, H., Kempf, S., Lebreton, J.P., Makarov, A., Postberg, F., Srama, R., Schmidt, J., Szopa, Cyril, Thirkell, L., Tobie, G., Wur, P., Zolotov, M., Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physics Institute [Bern], University of Bern, IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], University of Oulu, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

47. OREOcube: ORganics Exposure in Orbit

Author

Quinn, R., Elsaesser, A., Ehrenfreund, P., Ricco, A., Breitenbach, A., Chan, J., Fresneau, A., Alonzo, J., Mattioda, A., Salama, F., Santos, O., Sciamma-O'Brien, E., Cottin, H., Dartois, E., d'Hendecourt, L., Demets, R., Foing, B., Martins, Z., Sephton, M., Spaans, M., and Astronomy

Subjects
health care facilities, manpower, and services, health services administration, human activities
Abstract

The OREOcube experiment will use in situ spectroscopy to study minerals and organic compounds exposed to LEO radiation conditions on an ISS external platform.

Published
2013

48. Preliminary studies for the ORganics Exposure in Orbit (OREOcube) Experiment on the International Space Station

Author

Alonzo, Jason, Fresneau, A., Elsaesser, A., Chan, J., Breitenbach, A., Ehrenfreund, P., Ricco, A., Salama, F., Mattioda, A., Santos, O., Cottin, H., Dartois, E., d'Hendecourt, L., Demets, R., Foing, B., Martins, Z., Sephton, M., Spaans, M., Quinn, R., and Astronomy

Abstract

Organic compounds that survive in uncommon space environments are animportant astrobiology focus. The ORganics Exposure in Orbit (OREOcube)experiment will investigate, in real time, chemical changes in organiccompounds exposed to low Earth orbit radiation conditions on anInternational Space Station (ISS) external platform. OREOcube ispackaged as an identical pair of 10-cm cube instruments, each weighing

Published
2013

49. Dust Mass Spectrometer for Compositional Mapping of the Galilean Moons

Author

Sternovsky, Z., Kempf, S., Briois, Christelle, Cottin, H., Engrand, C., Horanyi, M., Gruen, E., Hand, K., Henkel, H., Lebreton, J., Postbert, F., Schmidt, Julien, Srama, R., Thissen, R., Tobie, G., Szopa, Cyril, Zolotov, M., Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (IRS), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], CSNSM AS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hadrossek, Christine, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.EP] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract

We present the SUDA (Surface Dust Analyzer) instrument that will provide detailed answers to the main goals of ESA's JUICE mission about habitability, surface composition and exchange processes with the interior. The surfaces of the icy moons of Jupiter can be analyzed to unprecedented mass resolution and sensitivity down to the ppm level using modern dust analyzer instruments. The measurement method is based on analyzing the chemical composition of dust particles released from the surfaces of the moons. These dust particles populate the exosphere with densities sufficient for obtaining a valuable compositional picture even from a few flybys. The SUDA instrument is well suited for the detection of water ice particles with traces of the expected hydrated minerals such as sodium carbonates and magnesium sulphates, hydrated sodium chloride, and of organic materials. The value of a dust analyzer is well demonstrated by Cassini's Cosmic Dust Analyzer that has analyzed Enceladus's plume particles and E ring grains. SUDA is a time-of-flight, reflectron-type impact mass spectrometer, optimized for high mass resolution. The small size (268×250×171 mm3), low mass (< 4 kg) and large sensitive area (220 cm2) makes the instrument well suited for the challenging demands of the JUICE mission. A full-size prototype was used to demonstrate the performance through calibration experiments with a variety of cosmochemically relevant dust analogues. The effective mass resolution of m/Δm of 150- 200 is achieved for mass range of interest m = 1-150.

Published
2012

50. Ultra high mass-resolution for space exploration: the Orbitrap mass analyser

Author

Nathalie Carrasco, Cyril Szopa, Claude Chapuis, Abdel Bouabdellah, Thissen, R., Cornelli, S., Puget, P., Christelle BRIOIS, Thirkell, L., Boukrara, A., Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Cottin, H., Noël Grand, Cécile Engrand, Makarov, A., PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, IMPEC - LATMOS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Cardon, Catherine, and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.EP] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract

International audience; We describe a new concept of space mass analyser that is lightweight, uses pulsed DC voltages, and provides ultra-high mass-resolving power capabilities (m/'m = 100,000 up to m/z 400). Such mass-resolving power allows ascribing exact mass to each detected species and therefore opens new opportunities for molecular characterisation, isotopic abundance evaluation, and more generally environmental characterization of the atmospheres and surfaces of planetary bodies.

Published
2012

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