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The research aims at assessing the sensitivity of the Urban Weather Generator v4.1 to the application of different mitigation strategies for the urban heat island under two climatic contexts: desert climate (Mendoza city) and tropical climate (Campinas city). Twenty-four scenarios that modify their morphologic and material parameters were simulated. The results showed that the temperature of the air predicted by the UWG model is not significantly sensitive to the changes produced by the application of different strategies in urban contexts of equal H/W aspect; however, it does show sensitivity to the variation of the H/W aspect (ΔTa ≤ 1.3°C) and the climate context. The highest performance of the UWG model was recorded on the surface temperatures of the urban envelope, with a maximum difference in surface temperature was recorded on high aspect ratio with high albedo in arid climate, (Ts of roof = 28°C).

O tema central deste artigo situa-se no campo da educação em interface com a sociologia, num contexto em que ambas estabelecem um diálogo nas áreas da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) e Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), que vieram a fundamentar a política educacional denominada PROEJA. A articulação entre a EJA e a Educação Profissional mostra-se fundamental para a integração epistemológica em torno da temática do desenvolvimento local, vislumbrando a possibilidade de mobilidade e ascensão social através da educação formal ou em espaços de formação cidadã para atuação emancipatória. O referente estudo é de caráter bibliográfico e indica que a educação para o desenvolvimento local é capaz de romper com as práticas capitalistas, a fim de formar um ser emancipado e comprometido com o desenvolvimento social, que deve ser a tônica da formação no PROEJA. A práxis territorial na práxis educacional é capaz de dar significado a essa formação, fazendo sentido para o indivíduo e se comprometendo com as mudanças sociais necessárias ao mundo atual.

Abstract Introduction Macular holes are breaks in the retinal tissue at the center of the macula, affecting central vision. The standard treatment involves vitrectomy with membrane peeling and gas tamponade. However, for larger or chronic holes, alternative techniques like autologous retinal graft have emerged. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of retinal transplantation in managing large macular holes. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. The study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024504801). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases for observational studies including individuals with large macular holes with or without retinal detachments and retinal transplantation as the main therapy. We used a random-effects model to compute the mean difference with 95% confidence intervals and performed statistical analysis using R software. Results We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 19 studies involving 322 patients diagnosed with various types of macular holes (MHs). These included cohorts with refractory MH, high myopia associated with MH, primary MH, and MH with retinal detachment (RD). The findings were promising, revealing an overall closure rate of 94% of cases (95% CI 88–98, I2 = 20%). Moreover, there was a significant improvement in postoperative visual acuity across all subgroups, averaging 0.45 (95% CI 0.33–0.58 ; I2 = 72%; p

Objetivo: Na perspectiva dos Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOCs) relacionados à propriedade industrial (PI), este estudo busca compreender o uso de duas ferramentas brasileiras de SOCs na PI. Para atingir esse objetivo, realiza a análise do tesauro proposto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Propriedade Intelectual e Inovação (PPGPI) e do Glossário do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Método: Para fazer essa avaliação, foi estruturada uma metodologia descritiva e qualitativa, além de uma revisão teórica sobre os campos relacionados ao tema da pesquisa. Resultado: As análises realizadas em ambos os SOCs revelaram que eles cumpriram normas técnicas e podem contribuir com a área da PI. Conclusões: Conclui-se, portanto, que o tesauro retira as ambiguidades dos termos usados na Academia do INPI e faz uma padronização terminológica adequada. O Glossário em PI tem potencial de contribuir para essa área do conhecimento, podendo atingir um público amplo, como pesquisadores e cidadãos interessados em compreender melhor os conceitos em PI, pois melhoram a comunicação entre pesquisadores, facilitam o acesso à informação para inventores e empresas e apoiam o ensino e a aprendizagem em PI.

Os cursos de graduação do IFNMG/Campus Januária apresentam como trabalho de conclusão de curso a realização de pesquisa científica. Na instituição, todas as defesas de TCC são cadastradas no sistema eletrônico de informações (SEI) desde setembro de 2020. Dessa forma, é possível acessar todos os TCCs cadastrados desde então, possibilitando cumprir o objetivo desta pesquisa que foi traçar um panorama das pesquisas realizadas no IFNMG/Campus Januária como trabalhos de conclusão dos cursos de graduação. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental que teve como resultado o delineamento desse panorama, a partir das 336 pesquisas (TCCs) identificadas no sistema. Verificou-se uma variação entre a quantidade de TCCs defendidos por ano, curso e orientadores, e uma provável relação entre essas defesas e as atividades de ensino remoto durante o período pandêmico e entre elas e a evasão nos cursos.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral delinear um panorama do Atendimento Educacional Especializado nas escolas públicas municipais e estaduais de Januária-MG. No contexto de uma Educação Especial e inclusiva, a legislação prevê o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) com o objetivo de atender todos os alunos com deficiência, disponibilizando meios que possibilitem seu desenvolvimento e inserção na comunidade. Este estudo consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de forma a conhecer os aspectos e história da educação especial e aspectos relacionados ao AEE nas escolas públicas de Januária (MG). Este estudo possibilitou delinear um panorama do AEE na rede pública de ensino do município de Januária, abrangendo as esferas municipal e estadual. Verificou-se que o suporte aos estudantes com deficiência precisa ser aprimorado, especialmente quanto ao quantitativo de Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRM) e profissionais envolvidos, bem como do aumento de recurso financeiro disponibilizado especificamente para o AEE nessas escolas. Entretanto, não se pode negar os avanços legais e práticos verificados, tendo como parâmetro as diversas fases da Educação Especial no Brasil e no estado, em direção a uma Educação Especial de fato inclusiva.

O presente estudo aborda a temática da expansão dos Institutos Federais, descrevendo as suas fases, desde a criação dessas unidades em 2008 até o ano de 2024. O objetivo é apresentar o contexto político e o processo de criação de novas unidades na Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica e sua ampliação. A metodologia escolhida, baseada em levantamento bibliográfico e documental, busca apresentar as particularidades do processo conduzido pelo governo federal em cada etapa, apresentando os critérios utilizados para a escolha dos municípios que receberam as unidades. Os resultados apontam para um esforço do governo de esquerda para ampliar o número de instituições em todo o país, alicerçado em critérios pré-definidos e buscando atender o maior número de regiões desassistidas pela política pública da educação profissional.

RESUMO: A educação formal tende a separar o processo educacional das demais esferas da vida humana. Nessa perspectiva, as escolas muitas vezes ficam desconectadas da realidade vivenciada pelos estudantes. Além disso, as abordagens do ensino tendem a promover valores típicos da sociedade neoliberal capitalista, como a competitividade e o individualismo. No entanto, uma visão crítica da educação propõe um diálogo com as experiências dos alunos. Essa abordagem busca não apenas integrar o conhecimento formal com a realidade dos alunos, mas também promover uma compreensão mais ampla e crítica do mundo ao seu redor. Este artigo apresenta três narrativas de professores de educação linguística em língua inglesa que empregam o letramento visual para desenvolver criticidade na sala de aula em relação às vivências e realidades dos alunos, formando desta maneira educadores capazes de refletir sobre verdades absolutas que dominam o nosso imaginário.

Introdução: A profilaxia pré-exposição (PrEP) para vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH) e a adesão ao tratamento com antirretrovirais demonstram eficácia no risco de infecção e progressão de doença pelo VIH. Objetivo: Entretanto, as infecções por outras IST, bacterianas ainda se constituem um desafio no acompanhamento desses pacientes. Resultados: Paciente HSH de 47 anos, em seguimento de PrEP, com práticas sexuais exclusivamente receptivas, procurou ambulatório do Núcleo de Atendimento à Vítimas de Violência Sexual (NAVIS) em novembro de 2023, com histórico de violência sexual em agosto de 2023, por homem cis, vivendo em situação de rua, (penetração anal, sem proteção). Durante o seguimento de PrEP (TDF-FTC) desde outubro de 2021 no Ambulatório de IST/CTA do CRT/DST/Aids, foi tratado para Herpes Simples perianal e síndrome do corrimento uretral masculino com uso de aciclovir, azitromicina e ceftriaxone respectivamente. Manteve uso regular da Truvada e uso inconsistente de proteção nas relações anais receptivas. Realizava acompanhamento com proctologista para HPV desde 2022 (com biópsia retal (Genótipo HPV18). Relata ter recebido vacinação contra hepatite B. O exame físico de entrada foi normal. As investigações laboratoriais de novembro de 2023 foram negativas para HIV, HTLV1-2, hepatite C e sífilis. O anti-HBsAg e anti-HAV IgG foram positivos; O PCR-Real-Time para Gonococos/Chlamydia/Trichomonas/Mycoplasma CGMT) de amostras de urina e anal foram negativas. Ao retornar em dezembro de 2023, o paciente apresentou uma nova queixa de dor de garganta e úlcera na língua (1 cm) há duas semanas. Havia procurado uma Unidade Básica de Saúde onde realizou um teste rápido de sífilis que resultou negativo. Lá recebeu penicilina benzatina 2,4 milhões de unidades IM em uma dose única, sem melhora clínica. Foi então solicitado novo PCR-RT para CGMT dos sítios oral, anal e urinário, porém só foi positivo para Mycoplasma genitalium oral. Foi então prescrito doxiciclina 100 mg, 2 vezes/dia por 7 dias, com melhora no 3° dia e resolução da úlcera lingual e faringite. Conclusão: Os pacientes em uso de PrEP se beneficiam de triagem com testes diagnósticos e tratamento profilático para IST bacterianas. Segundo a literatura, a profilaxia pós-exposição para HIV associada a doxiciclina (doxi-PEP) é eficaz para prevenir infecções como sífilis e gonorreia. Sugerimos que seja ser estudada também como profilaxia para Mycoplasma genitalium.

Abstract Optimizing early breast cancer (BC) detection requires effective risk assessment tools. This retrospective study from Brazil showcases the efficacy of machine learning in discerning complex patterns within routine blood tests, presenting a globally accessible and cost-effective approach for risk evaluation. We analyzed complete blood count (CBC) tests from 396,848 women aged 40–70, who underwent breast imaging or biopsies within six months after their CBC test. Of these, 2861 (0.72%) were identified as cases: 1882 with BC confirmed by anatomopathological tests, and 979 with highly suspicious imaging (BI-RADS 5). The remaining 393,987 participants (99.28%), with BI-RADS 1 or 2 results, were classified as controls. The database was divided into modeling (including training and validation) and testing sets based on diagnostic certainty. The testing set comprised cases confirmed by anatomopathology and controls cancer-free for 4.5–6.5 years post-CBC. Our ridge regression model, incorporating neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, red blood cells, and age, achieved an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI 0.64–0.65). We also demonstrate that these results are slightly better than those from a boosting machine learning model, LightGBM, plus having the benefit of being fully interpretable. Using the probabilistic output from this model, we divided the study population into four risk groups: high, moderate, average, and low risk, which obtained relative ratios of BC of 1.99, 1.32, 1.02, and 0.42, respectively. The aim of this stratification was to streamline prioritization, potentially improving the early detection of breast cancer, particularly in resource-limited environments. As a risk stratification tool, this model offers the potential for personalized breast cancer screening by prioritizing women based on their individual risk, thereby indicating a shift from a broad population strategy.

The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2023 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022). The major changes are as follows: data from 23 new cruises were added. In addition, a number of changes were made to the data included in GLODAPv2.2022. GLODAPv2.2023 includes measurements from more than 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1108 cruises. The data for the now 13 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on the systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but converted to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For the present annual update, adjustments for the 23 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 1085 quality-controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2022 data product using crossover analysis. SF6 data from all cruises were evaluated by comparison with CFC-12 data measured on the same cruises. For nutrients and ocean carbon dioxide (CO2), chemistry comparisons to estimates based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions. The adjustments that we applied are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data-handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH (depending on region), and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The other variables included in the compilation, such as isotopic tracers and discrete CO2 fugacity (fCO2), were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments. The original data, their documentation, and DOI codes are available at the Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System of NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), which also provides access to the merged data product. This is provided as a single global file and as four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans – under https://doi.org/10.25921/zyrq-ht66 (Lauvset et al., 2023). These bias-adjusted product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data, which were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This living data update documents the GLODAPv2.2023 methods and provides a broad overview of the secondary quality control procedures and results.

Pentamidine (PEN) is an alternative compound to treat antimony-resistant leishmaniasis patients, which cellular target remains unclear. One approach to the identification of prospective targets is to identify genes able to mediate PEN resistance following overexpression. Starting from a genomic library of transfected parasites bearing a multicopy episomal cosmid vector containing wild-type Leishmania major DNA, we isolated one locus capable to render PEN resistance to wild type cells after DNA transfection. In order to map this Leishmania locus, cosmid insert was deleted by two successive sets of partial digestion with restriction enzymes, followed by transfection into wild type cells, overexpression, induction and functional tests in the presence of PEN. To determine the Leishmania gene related to PEN resistance, nucleotide sequencing experiments were done through insertion of the transposon Mariner element of Drosophila melanogaster (mosK) into the deleted insert to work as primer island. Using general molecular techniques, we described here this method that permits a quickly identification of a functional gene facilitating nucleotide sequence experiments from large DNA fragments. Followed experiments revealed the presence of a P-Glycoprotein gene in this locus which role in Leishmania metabolism has now been analyzed.

Tooth germ development is associated with morphological and biochemical changes of the dental papilla and enamel organ. Enzymes with gelatinolytic activities were studied by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzymography in tooth germ of newborn to 15-day-old rats. Three major bands with gelatinolytic activity were detected at all periods and characterized as the latent and active forms of MMP-2 using their molecular weight and activity dependent on Zn++ and Ca++ ions as criteria. Expression and activity of MMP-2 increased progressively from 0 to 15 days after birth. Mechanical separation of the tooth germ from 10-day-old rats showed that the gelatinolytic activity was localized mainly in the dental papilla and not the dental organ. These data indicate that the expression and activity of MMP-2 varies during the development and maturation of rat first molar tooth germ.

Abstract The review explores parasitic plants’ evolutionary success and adaptability, highlighting their widespread occurrence and emphasizing the role of an invasive organ called haustorium in nutrient acquisition from hosts. It discusses the genetic and physiological adaptations that facilitate parasitism, including horizontal gene transfer, and the impact of environmental factors like climate change on these relationships. It addresses the need for further research into parasitic plants’ genomes and interactions with their hosts to better predict environmental changes’ impacts.

Whey is a very perishable food and a potent source of protein. It might be more commercialized through the process of spray drying, which would enhance its shelf life. No CFD computational models applied to the drying of fresh sweet whey have been reported in the literature to investigate transport phenomena in spray dryers and to predict crucial design parameters such as deposition, powder recovery, and drying efficiency. Using an Eulerian-Langragean technique, the behavior of multiphase flow as well as heat and mass transfer were investigated. The influence of the inlet air temperature was evaluated in relation to the velocity profiles of the continuous and discrete phases, the residence time distribution, the particle diameter formed, the air temperature near the injection zone, the particle temperature, and the mass fraction of evaporated water. Furthermore, performance parameters such as powder recovery, particle deposition, and drying efficiency were projected for varied air inlet temperatures. The velocity, residence time, and particle size distribution patterns were similar for the different air inlet temperatures. Greater variations might be noticed in the injection zone, especially in the temperature and mass fraction profiles. The lowest drying temperature resulted in the lowest particle deposition and the best thermal efficiency, making it the optimal process condition. This investigation can serve as a benchmark for the design of optimized spray dryers with greater thermal efficiency and yield to produce powdered whey.

Stryphnodendron adstringens, called ‘barbatimão’, is used in Brazilian folk medicine given its healing, astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. However, data on its safe use remain inconclusive due to controversy about the risk posed by its ethnopharmacological intake to human health. Thus, the present study aims to quantify the main classes of compounds found in S. adstringens bark powder and investigate the biological activity of ‘barbatimão’ bark decoction against pathogenic bacterial strains. We also investigated its toxic activity using the Artemia salina test and its cytogenotoxicity using the Allium cepa test. Phenols (24.5 ± 1.5 mg mL-1), tannins (15.08 ± 0.02 mg mL-1), and flavonoids (1.33 ± 0.02 mg mL-1) were quantified in the S. adstringens decoction. This decoction exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains and toxicity against A. salina. It was not possible to observe the S. adstringens bark decoction genotoxicity in the A. cepa roots because the cell cycle stopped at the prophase, indicating the decoction’s anti-proliferation effect. S. adstringens is a plant with great herbal potential; therefore, other study models must be used to investigate its potential antibacterial and anti-proliferation applications

Abstract: The influenza-like illness (ILI) sentinel surveillance operates in Brazil to identify respiratory viruses of public health relevance circulating in the country and was first implemented in 2000. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the importance of early detection of the circulation of new viruses in Brazil. Therefore, an analysis of the design of the ILI sentinel surveillance is timely. To this end, we simulated a sentinel surveillance network, identifying the municipalities that would be part of the network according to the criteria defined in the design of the ILI sentinel surveillance and, based on data from tested cases of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) from 2014 to 2019, we drew samples for each sentinel municipality per epidemiological week. The draw was performed 1,000 times, obtaining the median and 95% quantile interval (95%QI) of virus positivity by Federative Unit and epidemiological week. According to the ILI sentinel surveillance design criteria, sentinel units would be in 64 municipalities, distributed mainly in capitals and their metropolitan areas, recommending 690 weekly samples. The design showed good sensitivity (91.65% considering the 95%QI) for qualitatively detecting respiratory viruses, even those with low circulation. However, there was important uncertainty in the quantitative estimate of positivity, reaching at least 20% in 11.34% of estimates. The results presented here aim to assist in evaluating and updating the ILI sentinel surveillance design. Strategies to reduce uncertainty in positivity estimates need to be evaluated, as does the need for greater spatial coverage.

O objetivo foi avaliar atributos produtivos e nutricionais da forragem hidropônica de milho, em diferentes estágios, cultivada em substratos de capim-elefante e serragem de madeira. Foram estabelecidos dois tratamentos (T), com diferentes substratos: T1 – capim-elefante picado e desidratado e T2 – serragem de madeira. No 13º e 20º dias após a semeadura, amostras da forragem foram coletadas para avaliação do desenvolvimento das plântulas, produção de biomassa e composição nutricional. O substrato capim-elefante promoveu melhor desenvolvimento das plântulas, maior produção de biomassa e concentração de matéria mineral, aos 13 dias, quando a serragem de madeira promoveu maior concentração de matéria seca, proteína bruta, lignina e carboidrato não fibrosos (P

The Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean (WTAO) is crucial for understanding CO2 dynamics due to inputs from major rivers (Amazon and Orinoco), substantial rainfall from the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and CO2-rich waters from equatorial upwelling. This study, spanning 1998 to 2018, utilized sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) data from the PIRATA buoy at 8°N 38°W to reconstruct the surface marine carbonate system. Empirical models derived total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from SSS, with subsequent estimation of pH and fCO2 from TA, DIC, SSS, and SST data. Linear trend analysis showed statistically significant temporal trends: DIC and fCO2 increased at a rate of 0.7 µmol kg-1 year-1 and 1.539 µatm year-1, respectively, and pH decreased at a rate of -0.001 pH units year-1, although DIC did not show any trend after data was de-seasoned. Rainfall analysis revealed distinct dry (July to December) and wet (January to June) seasons, aligning with lower and higher freshwater influence on the ocean surface, respectively. TA, DIC, and pH correlated positively with SSS, exhibiting higher values during the dry season and lower values during the wet season. Conversely, fCO2 correlated positively with SST, showcasing higher values during the wet season and lower values during the dry season. This emphasizes the influential roles of SSS and SST variability in CO2 solubility within the region. Finally, we have analysed the difference between TA and DIC (TA-DIC) as an indicator for ocean acidification and found a decreasing trend of -0.93 ± 0.02 μmol kg-1 year-1, reinforcing the reduction in the surface ocean buffering capacity in this area. All trends found for the region agree with data from other stations in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. In conclusion, the use of empirical models proposed in this study has proven to help filling the gaps in marine carbonate system data in the Western Tropical Atlantic.

Abstract Aim To evaluate the maxillary incisors and canine’s immediate movement tendency using three different power arms (PA) height levels during total arch maxillary distalization supported on infrazygomatic crest (IZC) miniscrews according to finite element analysis (FEA). Methods Three finite element models of the maxilla were developed based on CBCT imaging of a teenage male patient presenting a Class II Division 1 malocclusion in the early permanent dentition. Maxillary complex, periodontium, orthodontic accessories, IZC miniscrews and an orthodontic wire were digitally created. The PAs were placed between canines and lateral incisors and projected at 4, 7, and 10 mm height distances. After that, distalization forces were simulated between PA and IZC miniscrews. Results The anterior teeth deformation produced in the FEA models was assessed according to a Von Mises equivalent. The stress was measured, revealing tendencies of initial maxillary teeth movement. No differences were found between the right and left sides. However, there was a significant difference among models in the under-stress areas, especially the apical and cervical root areas of the maxillary anterior teeth. More significant extrusion and lingual tipping of incisors were observed with the 4 mm power arm compared to the 7 mm and 10 mm ones. The 10 mm power arm did not show any tendency for extrusion of maxillary central incisors but a tendency for buccal tipping and intrusion of lateral incisors. Conclusion The maxillary incisors and canines have different immediate movement tendencies according to the height of the anterior point of the en-masse distalization force application. Based on the PA height increase, a change from lingual to buccal tipping and less extrusion tendency was observed for the incisors, while the lingual tipping and extrusion trend for canines increased.

LoRaWAN is a widely adopted protocol for Internet of Things applications with energy constraints and large coverage area demands. The protocol standardization defines a star-of-stars topology, where end-devices send their packets directly to a gateway that forwards the messages to the network server, where they are handled depending on the application. LoRaWAN is at the top of the Long Range (LoRa) physical layer based on the Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation, where signals are spread along the frequency by the Spreading Factor (SF). The modulation technique gives the LoRaWAN long range coverage characteristics, that could reach 45 kilometers in theory. Furthermore, the protocol adopts the Industrial, Medical, and Scientific (ISM) frequency band plans, which impose spectrum occupation limitations, and the constraints are defined by a device Duty Cycle (DC). The DC imposes a restriction of 0.1% up to 10% in transmission time, limiting the total amount of messages an end-deceive could send. In order to increase even more the coverage area, many works proposed the adoption of multihop techniques in LoRaWAN networks. Proposed solutions are based on routing and relay approaches, both with benefits and limitations. However, the literature does not explore the DC constraints on the multihop LoRaWAN solutions since packets might be enqueued. The packet delay increases due to the time spent in the buffer, and the delivery ratio decreases because packets are dropped when the buffer is full. To understand such impact, we provide a model to generalize the DC behavior on multihop LoRaWAN networks, focused on the packet delivery ratio and delay metrics. We evaluate our model analytically and experimentally. First, we conducted a numerical comparison between the standard network with the multihop Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) over duty cycle constraints. The comparison considers a rural area and the coverage area limited by the 802.11 ah propagation model. The results elucidated the tradeoff between packet size, number of packets, and delay. The two-hop solution could decrease the delay compared with direct transmission using high spreading factors. However, in dense networks, the intermediate device buffer increases the packet delivery delay. It could reduce the packet delivery ratio because the device must respect the duty cycle to forward packets. On the other hand, higher spreading factors decrease the payload size and need more packets to transmit the same message. Then, we compared analytical and experimental results in four relayed scenarios with different numbers of devices and different intermediate device buffer sizes. The results show the DC significantly increases the network delay and packet losses. The intermediate device also causes packet prioritization, making the network unfair. The multihop strategies are relevant for many applications, including coverage area extension, but the solutions must consider the DC constraints as a limitation to their adoption.

Trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most prevalent curable STIs. Although treatments are available, T. vaginalis infections pose a significant challenge, especially in resource-limited regions, as the prevalence of this STI is often unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women screened for cervical cancer precursor lesions in Botucatu in São Paulo, Brazil. We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study that included 23,735 women who attended the cervical cancer screening program at health units in 2019 and 2022. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from the cancer information system (SISCAN) and test requisition forms. Descriptive analysis was conducted, and comparisons were performed using the X2 Test and Student’s t-test (SigmaPlot version 13.0). The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was 0.84% in 2019 and 0.57% in 2022. The mean age of patients with trichomoniasis was 42 (±11.2) years; 75% self-reported as white, 43% were married or in a stable relationship, and 40% had not completed primary education. Regarding the vaginal microbiota, only 15.3% of the cytology exams with infection by T. vaginalis showed a predominance of lactobacilli species, while inflammation was present in 82% of the smears. Cytological analysis revealed precursor lesions of cervical cancer in 0.05% of patients with trichomoniasis, including ASC, LSIL, and HSIL. The study showed a low prevalence of infection with T. vaginalis in low-risk women screened for precursor lesions of cervical cancer in Botucatu in São Paulo, Brazil.

This study investigates the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in urban gardens in a highly industrialized city in Brazil and evaluates the effectiveness of different washing methods in reducing contamination. Ten elements (arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)) were analyzed for their concentration, and a health risk assessment was performed. The results showed that Pb concentrations in lettuce from gardens near the Capuava Petrochemical Complex reached 0.77 mg kg−1, exceeding both national and international safety limits. The most effective washing procedure involved the use of sodium hypochlorite, which reduced As by 46%, Pb by 48%, and V by 52%. However, elements such as Ba, Cd, Cr, and Ni showed limited reductions of less than 10% across all washing methods. Health risk assessments revealed a particular concern for children, with the total cancer risk (TCR) exceeding acceptable limits in some gardens. Isotopic analysis of Pb revealed that atmospheric pollution from gasoline emissions and industrial activities were the primary sources of contamination. The elevated levels of Pb, Cr, and As highlight the need for targeted health education in local communities, especially regarding the importance of proper washing techniques. Risk management strategies, including improved contamination control and public awareness, are crucial to minimize exposure to these harmful elements, particularly in vulnerable populations like children.

Utilization of the body's regenerative potential for tissue repair is known as in situ tissue regeneration. However, the use of exogenous growth factors requires delicate control of the dose and delivery strategies and may be accompanied by safety, efficacy and cost concerns. In this study, we developed, for the first time, a biomaterial-based strategy to activate endogenous transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) under alkaline conditions for effective in situ tissue regeneration. We demonstrated that alkaline-activated TGFβ1 from blood serum, bone marrow fluids and soaking solutions of meniscus and tooth dentin was capable of increasing cell recruitment and early differentiation, implying its broad practicability. Furthermore, we engineered an injectable hydrogel (MS-Gel) consisting of gelatin microspheres for loading strong alkaline substances and a modified gelatin matrix for hydrogel click crosslinking. In vitro models showed that alkaline MS-Gel controllably and sustainably activated endogenous TGFβ1 from tooth dentin for robust bone marrow stem cell migration. More importantly, infusion of in vivo porcine prepared root canals with alkaline MS-Gel promoted significant pulp-dentin regeneration with neurovascular stroma and mineralized tissue by endogenous proliferative cells. Therefore, this work offers a new bench-to-beside translation strategy using biomaterial-activated endogenous biomolecules to achieve in situ tissue regeneration without the need for cell or protein delivery.

Objetivo: relatar a experiência vivenciada a partir do desenvolvimento da territorialização em uma unidade de saúde. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se do relato de experiência da criação de um mapa da região próxima à Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um cidade de Montes Claros-MG, por acadêmicos do curso de enfermagem, com o intuito de planejar as ofertas de serviços aos perfis da população daquela localidade. Esse processo de organização considera as características demográficas, socioeconômicas, geográficas, sanitárias, epidemiológicas e as atividades produtivas existentes. A atividade foi dividida em quatro etapas que foram realizadas em junho de 2023: etapa 1) reconhecimento da área para definir as ruas que iriam ser detalhadas no mapa, com auxilio da ACS da microárea; etapa 2) registro do número das casas das ruas citadas, incluindo estabelecimentos e lotes vagos; etapa 3) coleta de informações sobre os moradores (com auxílio da ACS); etapa 4) montagem do mapa. Resultados: o processo de territorialização permite a criação de vínculos entre os usuários e profissionais para que possam ter uma visão holística do espaço onde atuam e trabalham para a promoção da saúde. A territorialização é um dos eixos norteadores da ESF, e observa-se que tem sido operacionalizada com toda sua resolubilidade. Conclusão: no aspecto da multiterritorialidade, os acadêmicos puderam compreender que o entendimento da problemática local, a programação e efetivação das ações de promoção e prevenção da saúde, enquanto objetivos essenciais da ESF, podem ser consolidados através do processo de territorialização.

Abstract Munguba butter has bioactive compounds such as vitamin E and phytosterols, which has valued its application in the development of new products, with advantages in its use in emulsified formulations. Therefore, the objective was to develop and evaluate the stability of a nanoemulsion containing munguba butter as the oily phase. Munguba butter was extracted by the ultrasound assisted method and its HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) was determined. Next, formulations varying the concentration of butter from 1-40% were developed and classified into liquid or solid emulsion and phase separation. Liquid emulsions were evaluated for hydrodynamic particle diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), Zeta potential (ζ), rheological characterization, and stability assays. The butter had an HLB of 6.98. The NE 1.0% formulation was selected and demonstrated to be unstable at high temperatures (45 ± 2 °C) and remained stable at room temperature, refrigeration and light radiation for 90 days. Munguba butter, because it has high amounts of saturated fatty acids, hinders its application in the development of new products. However, the success in the development of the NE 1.0% formulation is noteworthy, remaining stable when exposed to refrigeration, room temperature and light radiation.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis has many possible clinical presentations since it can affect any organ, most commonly the lungs. The hallmark of the disease consists of the formation of non-necrotising granulomas. Pathogenesis is thought to rely on the interplay of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors. This case highlights the importance of a thorough clinical history and physical examination, and the correlation with imaging findings in the diagnostic work-up of the non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Case description: A 57-year-old woman was admitted due to the sudden onset of malaise, dizziness, and chest discomfort. Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was evidenced and the patient rapidly evolved with haemodynamic instability; she underwent successful electrical cardioversion. The electrocardiogram afterwards showed a high-risk electrocardiographic pattern. Invasive coronary angiography excluded obstructive epicardial coronary lesions. Physical examination revealed skin lesions on the lower limbs which raised suspicion for erythema nodosum and therefore a biopsy was performed. Transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed features consistent with an inflammatory cardiomyopathy, and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was placed. The histologic examination of the cutaneous lesions showed a non-necrotising granulomatous inflammatory process. Radionuclide imaging was inconclusive. The patient underwent an endomyocardial biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement. Conclusions: Systemic sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement is a challenging diagnosis. The role of imaging techniques such as transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide imaging is essential in raising suspicion and diagnosing this pathology. Endomyocardial biopsy is the ‘gold standard’ for its diagnosis; however, it has a low diagnostic yield.

Abstract Plant anatomists perceive the plant body as the dynamic result of complex developmental processes which may deviate during gall development. Gall development involves local responses forming a morphophysiological continuum with the host plant organ, which can be addressed by anatomical studies. We revisited the history of galls in Brazil, as well as their morphogenetical potentialities and integration with entomological, chemical, physiological, and ecological approaches. The Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, and Asteraceae are the main hosts of the Brazilian gall morphotyes, which can be classified according to their three-dimensional shapess. Anatomical tools have been used to map cell and tissue fates in gall morphotypes, revealing the potential of plant tissue systems to overexpress or inhibit standard plant development. In-depth anatomical, cytological, histochemical, and immunocytochemical techniques have greatly expanded the knowledge of gall traits and plant cell responses. The new structures of galls hosted on leaves, stems, roots, and reproductive organs show consistent tissue specialization regarding the dermal and ground tissue systems, with the gall’s vascular system being connected to preexisting or newly formed bundles of the host plant. Due to the diverse stressors imposed on plant tissues, gall anatomy reveals adaptive responses that can be addressed from several perspectives, including citizen science initiatives.

Cholangiopathy has been described in survivors of severe COVID-19, presenting significant clinical parallels to the pre-pandemic condition of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SSC-CIP). We aimed to examine the liver histopathology of individuals with persistent cholestasis after severe COVID-19. Methods: We subjected post-COVID-19 cholestasis liver samples to routine staining techniques and cytokeratin 7 immunostaining and semi-quantitatively analyzed the portal and parenchymal changes. Results: All ten patients, five men, had a median age of 56, an interquartile range (IQR) of 51–60, and required intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. The median and IQR liver enzyme concentrations proximal to biopsy were in IU/L: ALP 645 (390–1256); GGT 925 (664–2169); ALT 100 (86–113); AST 87 (68–106); and bilirubin 4 (1–9) mg/dL. Imaging revealed intrahepatic bile duct anomalies and biliary casts. We performed biopsies at a median of 203 (150–249) days after molecular confirmation of infection. We found portal and periportal fibrosis, moderate-to-severe ductular proliferation, and bile duct dystrophy in all patients, while we observed hepatocyte biliary metaplasia in all tested cases. We observed mild-to-severe parenchymal cholestasis and bile plugs in nine and six cases. We also observed mild swelling of the arteriolar endothelial cells in five patients. We observed a thrombus in a small portal vein branch and mild periductal fibrosis in one case each. One patient developed multiple small biliary infarctions. We did not observe ductopenia in any patient. Conclusions: The alterations were like those observed in SSC-CIP; however, pronounced swelling of endothelial cells, necrosis of the vessel walls, and thrombosis in small vessels were notable.

Herbaria phycological collections have approximately one million 700 thousand specimens preserved in European herbaria, a significantly lower number when compared to vascular plants, due to factors such as greater sampling difficulty and fewer specialists. Several studies report that coastal systems have undergone dramatic ecological changes in the last 150 years, with macroalgae being a particularly affected group. Thus, macroalgal herbaria are essential sources for the study and conservation of this biodiversity, as well as a pillar that responds to several ecological questions. Despite having a large coastline, Portugal’s phycological collections are scarce, poorly developed, and practically inaccessible digitally. In 2021/2022, all the phycological specimens present at LISI were the focus of this exploratory project whose objective was to catalog them, taxonomically review the specimens and place them at the service of the scientific community through the incorporation of digitized vouchers into online databases. Three marine collections were constituted and studied, accounting for a total of 852 vouchers and more than 1800 specimens, being the Portuguese Marine Macroalgae Collection, the oldest digitized phycological collection available in Portugal. This project provides an opportunity for other educational institutions to embrace their long-neglected collections as well.

A questão da segurança no ambiente de trabalho é uma preocupação constante em todo o mundo. No entanto, a incidência de acidentes de trabalho não é uniforme entre os diferentes grupos sociais. A pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a completude da variável raça/cor nos sistemas de informação relacionados a acidentes de trabalho na Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa, com dados secundários do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e do Sistema de Informação sobre Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), avaliando-se a completude no registro da variável raça/cor nos óbitos por acidentes de trabalho. A completude da variável foi avaliada utilizando-se os programas de tabulação de dados de saúde (TABWIN e TABNET) do DATASUS, Secretaria de Gestão Estratégica e Participativa, Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados apresentam: foram registrados no SIM frequência de não completude menor que 5% pela variável raça/cor no período estudado, classificado como excelente. Para os demais acidentes de trabalho registrados, todos no SINAN, nenhum atingiu parâmetros excelentes. Conclui que o campo raça/cor nos sistemas de informação é importante, pois fornece subsídios para as ações de planejamento ao combate às desigualdades em saúde. Este estudo mostrou que ainda há muito a melhorar a fim de alcançar completude desses dados nos sistemas de informação de agravos.