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The purpose of this scientific paper is to follow the influence of thermal galvanizing, as a technological process on the quality of the galvanized surface. The galvanizing technology used and studied involves at the end of the process, the removal of excess zinc from the surface by centrifugation. The zinc layer will be lower than that of simple immersion galvanizing. The measurements were performed following the roughness of the machined surface on a five-Section specimen – each Section being processed with a different cutting regime. The results were analyzed after each operation. The first measurements were made after the turning operation, followed by measurements made after pickling and fluxing and then after thermal galvanizing. Based on the results obtained, the aim was to set up a range of best roughness at which the galvanized part should have a commercial appearance and be made with a cost-effective cutting regime in terms of costs.

The article presents the main aspects of the implementation, use and pilot and industrial experiments of some self-contained recovery burners. The results of pilot and industrial experiments of these burners have argued and quantified their energy efficiency. This efficiency consists mainly in an economy of specific fuel consumption (natural gas and / or coke gas) of approx. 25-35%. Other advantages of using recuperative burners are: ensuring a higher temperature in the hearth, reducing the duration of the processing cycle and thus increasing labor productivity. All these advantages of using recuperative burners are based on their operating principle, which consists in preheating the oxidizer (combustion air) by recovering an important part of the enthalpy of its own flue gases. This recovery is done in an energy recuperator designed right in the body of the recuperative burner. Due to this important aspect, the recovery burner is part of the Primary Energy Recovery (REP) category.

Optimizing winter triticale farming technology involves applying agricultural techniques and practices that maximize crop productivity and quality while reducing costs and environmental impact. The research hypothesis was based on the premise that by applying appropriate fertilization and weed control can improve winter triticale production, evaluating for this purpose both soil characteristics, the degree of weediness and winter triticale production. To establish the influence of experimental factors (fertilizer doses: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, climatic conditions and herbicides) on winter triticale yield, production and the presence of weeds, a poly-factorial experience was organized on a Typical Luvosol in the Lăpuș Depression, Romania. The experiment was conducted over a period of two years (2022 and 2023), where a variety of winter triticale was studied on four levels of NPK fertilization. At the same time, climatic conditions were registered during the two years. On the level of fertilization with N170 and P130 the plants have fallen, and production was compromised, especially since there were high amounts of precipitations and gusts of wind recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), is an important annual species from the Brassicaceae family, being related to plants such as mustard, broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage. It is a plant with uses in various fields, especially in oil production. The study was carried out at the Jucu plant station in Cluj County. Two canola cultivation parameters were considered: row spacing and sowing time. The impact of these two characteristics was studied on rapeseed growth and development. Row spacing was established using the following intervals: 25 cm, 37.5 cm and 50 cm. A McCormick Cmax100 tractor with 3-body reversible Vogel plow and Kverneland rotary harrow was used to prepare the seedbed. Sowing was done with the Winterstaiger experimental seeder in three periods: August 20, August 30 and September 10. All data were collected and presented statistically in tables. Branch number, plant height and silique mass were influenced by row spacing and sowing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real GDP growth in 2020 could be negative, following the outbreak of COVID-19, and the adoption of economic measures by all European Union countries are key actions to mitigate these negative repercussions on the economy. In the exceptional circumstances created by the COVID-19 outbreak, companies of all types may face a severe lack of liquidity. Also, insolvent or less solvent companies may face a sudden lack or even unavailability of liquidity. This is especially true for SMEs, which in the short and medium term can seriously affect the economic situation of many healthy businesses and the situation of their employees, with possible consequences even in the long term, endangering their survival. External debt is a solution to supplement the resources to support the economy, even contributing to raising living standards. External loans can also be used to finance the balance of external payments, ensuring economic growth of the country under the conditions of their efficient use in parallel with an increase in exports. Inefficient use of external borrowing can lead to a restriction on access to external market financing.

The purpose of this paper is to understand the strategic importance of motivation in the management process, being well known that the performances obtained at the level of the organization and its prestige depend strongly on the quality of human resources. Human resources have the central place within the organizations at present, starting from the theories that the personnel represented simple means to achieve the proposed goals; we get to learn that they are the organization itself. The employees can be motivated to increase their job performance and increase their level of satisfaction. Depending on the reason behind any action, the performance and satisfaction of employees can reach a high level or, conversely, a very low level. The reason is an internal cause that determines our conduct. Synthesizing a series of factors involved in the motivation of the individual, after completing the study we will be able to understanding better a person's options, eventually to understand the position he will adopt in different situations, or to exert an influence on it and even to better understand the levers through which different situations influence us, it is necessary to we know the mixing of the motives in an action and the relative force of the motives.

Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a major crop worldwide. It occupies the second place after cereals (corn, rice, and wheat). This important crop is threatened by the Oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the agent of late blight disease. This pathogen was first encountered during the Irish famine during the 1840s and is a reemerging threat to potatoes. It is mainly controlled chemically by using fungicides, but due to health and environmental concerns, the best alternative is resistance. When there is no disease, no treatment is required. In this study, we present a summary of the ongoing efforts concerning resistance breeding of potato against this devastating pathogen, P. infestans. This work begins with the search for and selection of resistance genes, whether they are from within or from outside the species. The genetic methods developed to date for gene mining, such as effectoromics and GWAS, provide researchers with the ability to identify genes of interest more efficiently. Once identified, these genes are cloned using molecular markers (MAS or QRL) and can then be introduced into different cultivars using somatic hybridization or recombinant DNA technology. More innovative technologies have been developed lately, such as gene editing using the CRISPR system or gene silencing, by exploiting iRNA strategies that have emerged as promising tools for managing Phytophthora infestans, which can be employed. Also, gene pyramiding or gene stacking, which involves the accumulation of two or more R genes on the same individual plant, is an innovative method that has yielded many promising results. All these advances related to the development of molecular techniques for obtaining new potato cultivars resistant to P. infestans can contribute not only to reducing losses in agriculture but especially to ensuring food security and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to structure and highlight both existing and novelty concepts of motivation, to analyze their impact on employee performance within the organization. The motivation has been extensively analyzed over time and a set of theories and models have been formulated to find answers to the question: "Are people born self-motivated or motivation has to be induced?" Performance at individual, organizational and macroeconomic level have direct implications on the competitiveness of a firm and a country. The organization can only cope with the required competitiveness changes by focusing managers efforts on what the customer wants or the market; in daily work between subordinate managers, employee motivation/satisfaction will or may not favor the firm's effort on the market. In order to succeed in daily work with subordinates, managers / decision-makers need to know, understand as fully as possible the motivation process within the organizational framework. There are several theoretical developments that emphasize the organizational factors in trying to explain the motivation of the employee at work, namely the factors that predominantly belong to the company or organization (the salary system, the management team, the control-supervision system, the communication among the members teams, feedback, how to promote positions, admitting employee initiatives, participation in decision-making).

The motivation has been extensively analyzed over time and a set of theories and models have been formulated to find answers to the question: "Are people born self-motivated or motivation has to be induced?" Performance at individual, organizational and macroeconomic level have direct implications on the competitiveness of a firm and a country. The organization can only cope with the required competitiveness changes by focusing managers efforts on what the customer wants or the market; in daily work between subordinate managers, employee motivation/satisfaction will or may not favor the firm's effort on the market. In order to succeed in daily work with subordinates, managers / decision-makers need to know, understand as fully as possible the motivation process within the organizational framework. There are several theoretical developments that emphasize the organizational factors in trying to explain the motivation of the employee at work, namely the factors that predominantly belong to the company or organization (the salary system, the management team, the control-supervision system, the communication among the members teams, feedback, how to promote positions, admitting employee initiatives, participation in decision-making). The aim of the research is to structure and highlight both existing and novelty concepts of motivation, to analyze their impact on employee performance within the organization, the link between motivation theory and managerial practice.

This paper states that public debt can be defined as an amount that a country owes to creditors outside themselves, but also to individuals, businesses and even other governments. The term "public debt" is used interchangeably with the term sovereign debt. The study presents a brief analysis of the evolution of public debt in Romania for the past years. The issue of public debt sustainability is an important factorin the development of policies aimed at reducing the volatility of volatile capital markets, the economic policy of Romania should be focused on the gross GDP growth. Public debt is sustainable when state authorities have the ability to repay public debt service to creditors without having to make future adjustments to budget revenues and expenditures. The public debt has a negative effect on economic growth, heavily indebted countries being exposed to the risk of capital outflows or of the rapidly deteriorating position of public finances in the context of an economic and financial crisis. Emerging economies cannot sustain the same debt level as a share of GDP, that countries with advanced economies can manage, but a much lower one, mainly because of the limited access to capital markets of the countries from the former category

The main purpose of the paper is to identify the main non-financial motivation strategies, to emphasize their advantages and disadvantages, as well as to involve the management in achieving the motivational objectives within the organizations. Studies in the field have shown that there are a number of factors of great importance in motivating the staff that managers need to consider in improving the company's performance. Motivating human resources is not a simple process, it is complex and continuous and managers need to find the optimal mix for motivating and performance-oriented employee. Appropriate motivation of employees is the main purpose on which good management of a firm is based. Practice shows that poor leadership quality is the main cause of employee dissatisfaction that is unsatisfied with their work. Motivating staff means creating opportunities for individual and team goals, responsibility, recognition, reward, etc. Motivation implies the totality of the internal and external motives of the personality, which condition the transformation of its development potential into real and functional psychological structures and is in itself a complex and cumulative psychological system. Most reward processes are based on philosophies and reward strategies and contain policy and strategy arrangements and contain policy arrangements, principles, practices, structures and procedures that are designed and managed to deliver and maintain the types and adequate levels of benefits and other forms of reward.

Introduction: Finding complex and relevant information in the specialty literature is a very important aspect for researchers, this representing the first step in designing and starting a new research. Aim: This study aimed to test four different search strategies within three databases to get a higher number of valid and reliable articles able to reflect the state of the art. Methods: We performed a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect scientific databases. We used four Boolean search strings (one sort and one long with quotation mark and one short and one long with parentheses) that combined relevant keywords related to hormonal therapy, cancer treatment, and red clover. The article types targeted were open and non-open access articles and also review and research articles. Filters as publishing year, text availability, article type and additionally subject area - for Science Direct, were applied. Results: The 1st Boolean search strategy identified 2286 and the 2nd identified 567 potentially relevant articles. Most of the determined articles (2166) from 1st search strategy and (557) from 2nd were excluded after filtering process, since they did not present related characteristics to the subject of interest. The researchers found a significant association between article type and the 2 strategies for ScienceDirect. Conclusion: The short search strategy with parentheses returned a higher number of articles than the short strategy with quotation marks and the long strategies with quotes and parentheses. ScienceDirect returned the largest number of articles, but upon verification, the most irrelevant articles were also observed within this database. Regarding open access and review articles type, the short strategy with parentheses returned the highest number for PubMed and ScienceDirect, and for WoS, the highest number of such articles was obtained following the use of the short strategy with quotation marks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is facing great challenges, climate changes and its impact represents a worldwide growing risk factor on agricultural production and food security. In the context of current agriculture problems, the aim of this study is to identify the optimal tillage system that leads to obtaining high rapeseed yields. The study followed the influence of two different soil tillage systems applied in pedoclimatic conditions of two locations from Mure? County, located in the Central North Region of Romania, over a period of two years. Also, the study aimed to present the evolution of plant yield parameters for each tillage system and each location during the period 2022-2023. The interaction of pedoclimatic conditions resulted in a yield of 3977.50 kg/ha in 2022 and 4497.50 kg/ha in 2023. The data obtained show us that the best rapeseed yield results were obtained in minimum tillage system, with significant differences by the experimental year and location and very significant differences by the tillage system applied. The rapeseed production was very significantly influenced by the interaction between soil tillage system and location and significantly influenced by the interaction between location and applied tillage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the determinants of Romanian emigration considering two perspectives: first, the perspective of business environment and labour market and, second, the perspective of social and economic conditions. The analysis uses data from National Statistical Institute and Romanian Register of Commerce for all 42 counties of Romania for the year 2011 and consists of three linear regression models whose dependent variable was the total number of Romanian emigrants declared at 2011 Romanian Census. Results have shown that international migration is strongly correlated with national labour policy. The fact that newly created enterprises have a positive influence on migration show that Romanian business environment is not able to offer competitive salaries and/or working conditions.

The migration phenomenon in Romania is characterized by emigration; the number of Romanian migrants skyrocketed after the Romanian accession to the European Union in 2007. With the economic and financial crisis outlook and with the labour market liberalization across the whole European Union for the Romanian workers starting this year the number of Romanian migrants is expected to increase further. Against this background this paper analyses the effects of emigration on wages in Romania. It is found that emigration has a positive impact on wages in Romania.

Introduction: Technostress is a problem present at international level, represented by a series of negative effects on people's thinking, attitude and behavior, its appearance being determined using technology. Aim: The study purpose was to assess the level of technology-induced stress among students and teachers, from the period of online courses (2020 to mid of 2021), due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A study was carried out on two samples represented by students and teaching staff from universities in Cluj-Napoca, regarding technostress. An online non validated questionnaire created in Google Forms was applied, and it was randomly sent to different people from the two targeted samples on WhatsApp, Microsoft Teams, Gmail and Messenger platforms between October and December 2022. To determine the level of stress, the perceived stress scale PSS-14 was used. Results: One hundred people participated in the study, including both students and teachers. The questions in the questionnaire presented good consistency, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.915. The participants in the study, predominantly had digital skills (96%), and most frequently, they self-classified as experienced users (40%). Both students and teachers most frequently presented a moderate level of stress (50% and 48%, respectively). The computer was the most used device (71%), and the most used platform was Google Meet (59%). Conclusion: Possession of a higher digital skills level, presents an advantage in reducing participants technostress level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archaeological Materials & Research / Materiale şi Cercetǎri Arheologice is the property of Institute of Archaeology "Vasile Parvan" and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to understand the strategic importance of motivation in the management process, being well known that the performances obtained at the level of the organization and its prestige depend strongly on the quality of human resources. Human resources have the central place within the organizations at present, starting from the theories that the personnel represented simple means to achieve the proposed goals; we get to learn that they are the organization itself. The employees can be motivated to increase their job performance and increase their level of satisfaction. Depending on the reason behind any action, the performance and satisfaction of employees can reach a high level or, conversely, a very low level. The reason is an internal cause that determines our conduct. Synthesizing a series of factors involved in the motivation of the individual, after completing the study we will be able to understanding better a person's options, eventually to understand the position he will adopt in different situations, or to exert an influence on it and even to better understand the levers through which different situations influence us, it is necessary to we know the mixing of the motives in an action and the relative force of the motives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real GDP growth in 2020 could be negative, following the outbreak of COVID-19, and the adoption of economic measures by all European Union countries are key actions to mitigate these negative repercussions on the economy. In the exceptional circumstances created by the COVID-19 outbreak, companies of all types may face a severe lack of liquidity. Also, insolvent or less solvent companies may face a sudden lack or even unavailability of liquidity. This is especially true for SMEs, which in the short and medium term can seriously affect the economic situation of many healthy businesses and the situation of their employees, with possible consequences even in the long term, endangering their survival. External debt is a solution to supplement the resources to support the economy, even contributing to raising living standards. External loans can also be used to finance the balance of external payments, ensuring economic growth of the country under the conditions of their efficient use in parallel with an increase in exports. Inefficient use of external borrowing can lead to a restriction on access to external market financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to evaluate the motivational factors and to determine the impact of the motivation on the performance of the employees. The main objective of the research report is to analyze the motivational factors and the effects of employee motivation on organizational performance, using data collected from a public organization. The data collection tool used was a structured questionnaire that used the Likert scale to assess the importance of different motivational factors. The result of the research will be useful to decision-makers in the studied organization as well as to other organizational managers in Romania to determine the relationship between motivation and performance in their organizations, with the ultimate goal of building optimal motivational systems to stimulate individual and organizational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the quantity of open data has multiplied dramatically. This newly found wealth of data has raised a number of issues for any research exercise within the field of spatial planning: underpowered traditional tools and methods, difficulties in tracking data, transparency issues, sharing difficulties and, above all, an erratic workflow. Some new research tools to counter this irksome tendency do exist at the moment, but, unfortunately, we feel that there is still ample room for improvement. We have therefore commenced the development of our own research instrument, based on the Scientific Workflow System concept. This paper lays the foundation for its architecture. Once completed, both the instrument and the resulting data shall be freely available, truthful to the spirit of the open source and open data tradition. We strongly believe that spatial planning professionals and researchers might find it interesting and worthwhile for increasing the quality and speed of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the determinants of Romanian emigration considering two perspectives: first, the perspective of business environment and labour market and, second, the perspective of social and economic conditions. The analysis uses data from National Statistical Institute and Romanian Register of Commerce for all 42 counties of Romania for the year 2011 and consists of three linear regression models whose dependent variable was the total number of Romanian emigrants declared at 2011 Romanian Census. Results have shown that international migration is strongly correlated with national labour policy. The fact that newly created enterprises have a positive influence on migration show that Romanian business environment is not able to offer competitive salaries and/or working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the World Wide Web is a relatively new concept, its expansion and the impact it had on the population were great. The Web is characterized by a network of interlinked documents, most of them designed to be read by humans, not interpreted by machines. The Semantic Web comes as a complement to the current web in which the available information can be interpreted by machines also, not only by people. Web services provide methods of publishing services in an UDDI registry, description of interfaces using WSDL and messaging through the network using various protocols, the most common being SOAP. This paper examines the close link between The Semantic Web and Web services, as well as other technologies necessary for this interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper intends to identify reasonable answers for the three major questions that arose during Adolf Eichmann's trial starting from Hannah Arendt's interpretation - Was the defendant aware of the effects of his own actions? Was he able to judge the gravity of the outcomes? Did his conscience suffer any damage because of his utterly support during the extermination policy against Jews? We will approach the social, political and moral implications of the origin and trajectory of the Eichmann`s mediocrity in terms of his own outrageous deeds and we will provide an image of the way Arendt dismisses all the references towards a society ruled by insane leaders by means of portraying Eichmann as the exponential figure of her concept concerning the banality of evil. Furthermore, the paper shall present the active impact refusal has on the abolition of thinking, revealing to what extent the human being can prevent the evaporation of moral judgment through the diffusion of ideologies, which endeavour to destroy human plurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration phenomenon in Romania is characterized by emigration; the number of Romanian migrants skyrocketed after the Romanian accession to the European Union in 2007. With the economic and financial crisis outlook and with the labour market liberalization across the whole European Union for the Romanian workers starting this year the number of Romanian migrants is expected to increase further. Against this background this paper analyses the effects of emigration on wages in Romania. It is found that emigration has a positive impact on wages in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunization is part of medical care for both adult and children and the last year is reminding us of this field more than ever. The vaccination of the pregnant woman has proven useful not only in protecting the mother, but also the offspring in some pathologies. If influenza vaccines were not studied enough 15 years ago and were not recommended during pregnancy, today all the international medical associations consider them safe for administration at this period of a woman’s life. We have reviewed the latest set of recommendations for immunization during pregnancy made by some of the major medical associations in the world, such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (EBCOG), and others, and also other publications such as UpToDate, in order to assess the news in vaccination during pregnancy. The vast amount of literature emerging in the field of COVID-19 vaccination led to numerous opinions and recommendations on this issue that have already been published and disseminated in the past months, including the effects of this vaccine during pregnancy, therefore this topic was excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunization has been an important part of preventive medical care for both adult and children for decades, but the past two years are reminding us of this field more than ever. The vaccination of the pregnant woman was proven useful not only in protecting the mother, but also the offspring regarding some pathologies. As an example, even though influenza vaccines were not studied enough 20 years ago and were not recommended during pregnancy by most of the important guidelines’ providers, today all the international medical associations consider it safe for administration at this time in the woman’s life. We have reviewed the latest sets of recommendations for immunization during pregnancy developed by some of the major medical associations in the field, in order to assess the news in vaccination during pregnancy. Among the most important sources are the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (EBCOG), World Health Organization (WHO) and, also, other online sources such as UpToDate. The vast amount of literature emerging in the field of COVID-19 vaccination led to numerous opinions and recommendations on this matter that have already been widely published and disseminated in the past year, including the effects of this vaccine during pregnancy, so this topic was excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer diagnosis and treatment are constantly improving regarding early diagnosis, as well as advanced management and survival rate. Chemotherapy and irradiation are often included in the cancer treatment protocols and are related to both type and stage of cancer. Even though the actual protocols are towards protecting the healthy tissue, the effect of chemotherapy may have a negative impact on genital tract, affecting the anatomy, the physiology and endocrine function. Future fertility is among the most important long-time concerns of all cancer treatment protocols. The preservation of gonadal functions depends on the type of cancer and treatment. The gold standard in fertility preservation is embryos cryopreservation. When not available, harvesting and cryopreservation of oocytes, ovarian tissue cryopreservation or transposition of the ovary before cancer treatment could be performed. It is important for the patients to be properly informed and for the cancer medical team to have options regarding fertility preservation methods and medical facilities. Following cancer protocol, pregnancy can be an option when medical and general health can allow it or when considered cancer free, depending on both medical condition and age of the patient. If no fertility preservation was performed and ovarian reserve is low or absent due to age and/or malignancy treatment, patients can benefit from egg donation. A national program for cancer fertility preservation should be a priority, as well as a program for egg donation and IVF for cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy and childbirth are some of the most important moments in a woman’s life. These events impact women from a family, social and medical point of view. Pregnancy involves physical, physiological and psychological changes, experienced differently by each woman. In some cases, the hormonal storm following pregnancy and immediate postpartum period can have serious repercussions in a women’s mood. They may go through a wide range of moods and emotions, from excitement and happiness to fear, anxiety and overwhelming. Most of women experience “baby blues” or “postpartum blues”, described as a common and transient anxiety accompanied by insomnia and mood changes, that recovers by itself in two weeks. Unfortunately, there is a percentage of 10-20% of women who will undergo a more severe dysphoric syndrome called “postpartum depression”, which is a serious psychiatric disorder. Postpartum depression requires urgent counseling and treatment and, if ignored, it can become a life-threatening affliction not only for the mother, but also for the child. Wide variations of steroids and peptide hormones during pregnancy and immediate postpartum can disrupt not only the axis between hypothalamus pituitary and adrenal gland, but the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as well. The aim of this presentation is to provide a deeper vision over this borderline disease, shared between obstetricians and psychiatrists, and to highlight the importance of early recognition and diagnosis. A standardized, widespread screening method is the Edinburgh scale. The formula consists in a ten-item questionnaire which generates a risk score associated with the patient’s mental state. Postpartum depression is a sensitive and controversial disorder, shared between specialties and deserves more attention from obstetricians, as well as a better collaboration between medical practitioners. Also, it is important to initiate precocious optimum treatment and psychotherapy and also to evaluate the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual and reproductive well-being is a major aspect of good health and is an integral part of being a woman. For a HIV-positive woman, sexual and reproductive health represents a more complex issue, and these women encounter unique challenges regarding their relationships, sexual satisfaction, and also childbearing. Rates of pregnancy among women living with HIV (WLHIV) have increased during the past decades, with the availability of HIV treatment, making the planning for pregnancy an increasingly important element of WLHIV care. Preconception counseling for WLHIV, including the assessment of fertility and the presentation of health recommendations regarding conception, may diminish the risk of birth defects, preterm delivery, low birth weight, fetal loss and vertical or horizontal transmission of HIV. These aspects greatly influence the reproductive decision-making and the potential gaps in knowledge highlight the need to inform and educate the women living with HIV desiring to procreate and to help them explore how and with whom they reach this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic disease, common to humans and animals, caused by the infection with protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It is a parasitic zoonosis found in all species of mammals and birds, domestic and wild, with major epidemiological importance for humans. The role of Toxoplasma gondii screening in pregnancy has become particularly important in recent years due to the possible negative effect of the infection on both mother and the conception product. The severity of congenital toxoplasmosis depends on the type of infection (whether it is the first time the pregnant woman is infected with Toxoplasma gondii or is a reactivation of an older infection), the gestational age when infection occurs, and the mother’s immune system. Acute primary infection during pregnancy may be asymptomatic for the mother, but it can cause a severe congenital infection, with significant fetal neurological and ocular sequelae or even pregnancy loss. The first step in diagnosing the infection is to perform a serological profile, including IgM, IgG, IgE and IgA. In case of suspected acute infection, serological testing should be repeated and, until the results are available, the treatment with spiramycin should be administered. Following the research, it is worth mentioning that TORCH serology should be introduced as a screening test for all pregnant women, as well as for all women of childbearing age who wish to become pregnant, due to the serious effects of the infection on both fetus and mother. This paper aims to present a protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]