Search

The project involved partners: Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tallinn University, University of Turku, Finnish Environment Intitute, and Regional Council of Satakunta SustainBaltic i.e. ICZM Plans for Sustaining Coastal and Marine Human-ecological Networks in the Baltic Region project is implemented for 27 months during 2016- 2018. SustainBaltic (CB354) is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the Central Baltic Programme 2014-2020. SustainBaltic is a joint cooperation project of University of Turku, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Finnish Environment Institute, Regional Council of Satakunta and Tallinn University. The project targets to improve the share of the managed coastal networks in the Central Baltic area by the cross-border preparation of the ICZM plans for total four case areas with their public assessment in Estonia and Finland. This was planned to achieve by 1) Integrating multidisciplinary human-ecological data on the whole project area: in Finland the regions of Satakunta and Southwest Finland and in Estonia the areas of Lääne, Harju and Lääne-Viru with their land-sea interfaces; 2) Selecting the themes of ICZMs and case study areas which locate along the coast of Lääne and Lääne-Viru in Estonia and in the region of Satakunta in Finland; 3) Making four digital ICZM plans which were first tested with the current regional land use of the project area; 4) Public assessing of the plans using both e-platforms and arranging working groups with the stakeholders and end-users directed by the project members; and 5) As the final results of SustainBaltic the updated completed ICZM plans can be downloaded from the websites of the partner organisations and at the http://www.utu.fi/ SustainBaltic, also beyond the project life span. In addition, the interim results and the other activity phases of the preparation of the first ICZM drafts are found at the https://blogit.utu.fi/sustainbaltic. This ICZM plan (hereinafter: the management plan) covers the Lääne-Viru case area, which extends from Käsmu to Kunda (see Figure 1). The management plan has a 10-year perspective, with the aim of outlining the current trends and the necessary activities. The management plan is a knowledge-based guidance document that combines various development strategies and can be used in the development of several plans, development plans, and strategic projects (see Figure 2). The management plan consists of two parts: a description of the situation and context based on values and challenges; and an operational part of the management plan that includes integrated activities and a scheme. The management plan is based on the maritime vision of Lääne-Viru county, which focuses on three main areas: a) ensuring the development of diverse maritime transport, ports, and maritime tourism, b) strengthening the viability of historic coastal villages and communities, c) using the natural resources of the marine and coastal zones sustainably. In this management plan, the socio-ecological networks of the sea and the land are determined and the suggestive activities are based on aspects of sustainable and balanced development. Sustainability means diverse cultural and economic activities that are integrated with environmental values and do not harm nature and natural resources in the long term. The management plan is primarily focused on the greater integration of traditional fields of activity and the opportunities for diversification, especially considering the possibilities of using the coastal sea and the land together, as well as the seasonal nature of many activities (recreational economy, coastal fishing). It is also important to integrate the fields of activity (combining activities) – coastal fishing and tourism, ports and sports camps, nature conservation, and entrepreneurship – as well as develop cooperation both within the areas of activity (ports, bathing spots, etc.) and between them. In the context of spatial planning in the European Union, the ICZM is formally considered separate from Marine Spatial Planning – MSP. The preparation of MSP is obligatory for Member States. The realisation of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management, however, is up to the countries and local authorities themselves. Therefore, there is no explicitly accepted methodology for the management plan. Many people have contributed to the preparation of the management plan. A number of interviews and meetings with different stakeholders were conducted during the preparation of the plan and the steering group of the Lääne-Viru case area advised in drafting the plan. The people who prepared the management plan thank the steering group consisting of representatives of local authorities – Anneli Kivisaar (Haljala rural municipality), Ivar Lilleberg (formerly Vihula rural municipality), Mati Jõgi (formerly Lääne-Viru county government), and Marit Laast (Viru-Nigula rural municipality) –, Imbi Mets and Maret Vildak from the Environmental Board, and Jaan Kangur from the Ministry of Finance. Many thanks to Kristel Toom (Tallinn University) for the financial administration; to all Finnish colleagues, and project colleagues from Estonian University of Life Sciences working with Läänemaa ICZM case. We also thank all the interviewees, participants in public discussions, and respondents to the questionnaires. SustainBaltic is funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the Central Baltic Programme 2014–2020

Project partners: LP - University of Turku, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Finnish Environment Institute, Tallinn University, Regional Council of Satakunta. SustainBaltic i.e. ICZM Plans for Sustaining Coastal and Marine Human-ecological Networks in the Baltic Region project is implemented for 27 months during 2016–2018. SustainBaltic (CB354) is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the Central Baltic Programme 2014–2020. SustainBaltic is a cooperation project of the University of Turku, the Estonian University of Life Sciences, the Finnish Environment Institute, the Regional Council of Satakunta, and Tallinn University. The project aims to improve the share of the managed coastal networks in the Central Baltic area by the cross-border preparation of the ICZM plans for a total of four case areas with their public assessment in Estonia and Finland. This was planned to be achieved by 1) integrating multidisciplinary human-ecological data on the whole project area: in Finland – the regions of Satakunta and Southwest Finland and in Estonia – the areas of Lääne, Harju, and Lääne-Viru county with their land-sea interfaces; 2) selecting the themes of ICZMs and case study areas which are located along the coast of Lääne and Lääne-Viru county in Estonia and in the region of Satakunta in Finland; 3) making four digital ICZM plans, which were first tested with the current regional land use of the project area; 4) public assessment of the plans using both e-platforms and arranging working groups with the stakeholders and end-users directed by the project members; and 5) as the final results of SustainBaltic, the updated completed ICZM plans can be downloaded from the websites of the partner organisations and at http://www.utu.fi/SustainBaltic, also beyond the life span of the project. In addition, the interim results and the other activity phases of the preparation of the first ICZM drafts are found at https://blogit.utu.fi/sustainbaltic/. This ICZM plan covers the spatial development plan and land use zoning for the Läänemaa case area (from Ristinina peninsula in Keibu bay to Hara peninsula in Hara bay). This ICZM plan is an indicative document that municipalities can use in the preparations of general plans or other local development documents (development plans, projects), as well as in the preparation of national-level marine spatial plans. Project SustainBalitic is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the Central Baltic Programme 2014-2020.

Purpose: There is a close relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization. the objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization in Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces in costal areas.Design/methodology/approach: The author uses the modern econometric methods by panel unit root test, cointegration test, random effects models and fixed effects models, and the data of FDI (2000-2012), urbanization rate, industrial structure and regional GDP of Nanjing, Xuzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi and other 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other 19 cities in Guangdong province, researches the relationship between FDI and urbanization rate.Findings: Models show, FDI was closely correlated with urbanization rate in Jiangsu province and Guangdong province, the highly correlated with industrial structure, while it negatively correlated with the growth of GDP, and the degree of correlation is not high in Jiangsu province, but the high negative correlation in Guangdong province. The results shows the industrial structure and the urbanization rate mainly cause FDI growth.Research limitations/implications: There are many provinces in costal areas of China, this paper just research the relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization in Jiangsu province and Guangdong province, there are some limitations in the study areas and results.Originality/value: The study was the first to successfully apply on random effects model and fixed effects model to study the relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization in coastal areas by competitive analysis. Guangdong and Jiangsu province are the most developed regions, they are the most representative provinces in costal areas of China. Taking these two province as an example, we can analyze the relationship between FDI and the level of urbanization in central and western regions.

The present study was carried out in two Stations in the Coastal areas of Khuzestan province (including Abadan, and Hendizan) using the commercial catch data collected during 2007-2008 and data on biometry of over 2300 fish. The growth and mortality parameters such asinfinite length, L_∞: 35.5, growth curvature, K: 0.56, length in zero time, t_0: - 0.32, total mortality, Z: 3.06, natural mortality, M: 1.07, fishing mortality, F: 1.99 and Exploitation ratio, E: 0.65 respectively were estimated. By using assessment methods, Y'/R = 0.019, B'/R=0.10, Exploitation rate, U: 0.61, MSY= 440 T and MCY=290 T were estimated. Exploitation ratio the Silver pomfert stock indicates over fishing and a decrease in exploitation ratio proposed.

207 σ., Αντικείμενο της διπλωματικής εργασίας αποτελεί η εξέλιξη μιας περιαστικής περιοχής όπως ο Δήμος της Νέας Μάκρης από τις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα που ξεκίνησε ως ένας αμιγής προσφυγικός πυρήνας στο κέντρο και τόπος παραθερισμού περιφερειακά, κυρίως κατά τα μεταπολεμικά χρόνια και εντεύθεν, ενώ από τη δεκαετία του 90’ έως σήμερα μετατρέπεται σε περιοχή Α’ κατοικίας. Ο Δήμος Νέας Μάκρης έχει έκταση 36.368 τ.μ. και βρίσκεται στα ΒΑ του Νομού Αττικής, σε απόσταση 34 χιλ. από το κέντρο της Αθήνας, στη δυτική ακτή του νότιου Ευβοϊκού Κόλπου. Η εν λόγω περιοχή συνδυάζει φυσικογεωγραφικά το ήπιο κλίμα, την παρουσία του Πεντελικού όρους με τις μεγάλες δασωμένες εκτάσεις και τη μεγάλου μήκους ακτογραμμή της με τους πολυάριθμους αμμώδεις κολπίσκους της. Τα πλεονεκτήματα αυτά σε σχέση με την μικρή απόσταση από την πόλη προσέλκυσαν και προσελκύουν ένα μεγάλο αριθμό παραθεριστών , τουριστών και σήμερα πλέον μόνιμων κατοίκων Σημαντικό ρόλο στη φυσιογνωμία της περιοχής διαδραματίζουν, ο πλούσιος υπόγειος υδροφόρος ορίζοντας, τα ρέματα που δημιουργούν ζώνες πρασίνου και παρεισφρύουν στον πολεοδομικό ιστό του Δήμου, καθώς και η ευρύτερη έκταση του μοναδικού έλους της περιοχής. Η οικιστική ανάπτυξη είτε με αυθαίρετη δόμηση, είτε με τις διατάξεις της εκτός σχεδίου νομοθεσίας, κυριάρχησε σε κάθε είδους ανάπτυξη που προϋπήρξε στην περιοχή ή θα μπορούσε να δημιουργηθεί, πολιτιστική και τεχνολογική επιφέροντας πολλές επιπτώσεις στο φυσικό και κοινωνικοοικονομικό χώρο. Η οικιστική και τουριστική ανάπτυξη του Δήμου, δεν έγιναν κατόπιν ενός γενικότερου σχεδιασμού, αλλά ακολούθησαν την οικιστική εξέλιξη. Ως εκ τούτου, σημειώνονται έντονα προβλήματα στο φυσικό περιβάλλον της περιοχής και στην ποιότητα ζωής των κατοίκων. Τα σπουδαιότερα από αυτά είναι η διάσπαρτη δόμηση, το οδικό δίκτυο, η έλλειψη συγκοινωνιών, η έλλειψη κοινοχρήστων χώρων, κοινωφελών δικτύων και υποδομών, τα απορρίμματα των οικισμών, τα λύματα, η μόλυνση των υπόγειων υδάτων, η ποιότητα του πόσιμου νερού και των υδάτων κολύμβησης, η μείωση αστικού και περιαστικού πρασίνου, η υποβάθμιση της αιγιαλίτιδας ζώνης και η ρύπανση της ατμόσφαιρας. Συμπερασματικά, η εργασία κατέδειξε ότι υπάρχει επιτακτική ανάγκη: • για χωρικό αναπτυξιακό σχεδιασμό στο Δήμο, που θα εστιάζει στην προστασία και διαφύλαξη του φυσικού και κοινωνικού περιβάλλοντος της περιοχής, • πολιτική βούληση από όλους τους φορείς κεντρικού κράτους και τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης για εφαρμογή της νομοθεσίας και κινητοποίησης των μηχανισμών ελέγχου αυτής και πάνω από όλα • μεγαλύτερη συμμετοχή των ίδιων των κατοίκων στα προβλήματα και το σχεδιασμό του Δήμου., This dissertation examines the evolution of an rural area such as Nea Makri, from the beginning of 20th century when it was first established with a purely refugee settlement at its centre and a summer resort at its outskirts, especially in the post war years, while since 1990s the area is changing into a principal residence area. Nea Makri, 36,368 sq.m., is located in north-east of Attica, only 34 km from the center of Athens, on the west coast of the southern Evoikos Gulf. The area enjoys a mild climate and combines forest areas of Mount Pendeli and a long coastline with numerous sandy coves. These advantages combined to the short distance from the city centre have been attracting a large number of tourists, people on holiday, and, recently, residents. Very important elements of the natural environment of the area are also its groundwater horizon, the streams, creating zones of green, and interweaving into the Municipality’s town planning, as well as the wider expanse around the sole swamp of the area. The construction development, which has dominated over every other kind of cultural or technological activity that had been existed in the area or had prospects to develop, and had had great repercussions to the natural and socioeconomic field. The housing and tourist development of the area had not been part of a wider plan but followed suit its construction development. As a result, important problems have occurred in the natural environment of the area and, therefore, to the residents’ quality of life. Such problems include random constructions, the lacking road and transport network, the absence of communal spaces, public utility networks and infrastructure, the housing developments’ waste management and wastewater, the drinking water quality levels and the clear sea water, the reduction of urban and suburban green areas, the poor coastline quality and air pollution. As a conclusion, this dissertation demonstrated that there is a compelling need for: • spatial development planning of the area, with an emphasis on the protection and preservation of the natural and social environment, • political will from all central state agents and local authorities to enforce and mobilize control mechanisms and, above all, • greater involvement of the locals themselves to the problems and planning of area., Μαρία Π. Μήλα

Ce texte présente un exemple de mise en application des nouveaux plans de lutte contre la pollution marine, les plans Polmar, mis en œuvre en France. Leur formulation prévoit l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité économique du littoral à une pollution marine afin d'affecter les moyens de lutte sur les zones les plus sensibles et, ainsi, d'utiliser les ressources avec plus d'efficacité. La méthode qui est ici présentée est une première tentative d'application des préconisations du ministère de l'écologie qui, à coté des éléments économiques marchands visent à tenir compte de la valeur d'usage non marchande du littoral, reconnaissant implicitement à ce dernier un statut de bien collectif. Après avoir passé en revue la littérature sur ces questions, nous proposons une évaluation de la vulnérabilité socio-économique du littoral de la Corse. This text aims at presenting how the new plans implemented in France in order to fight against marine pollution in a more efficient way than by the past. These so-called POLMAR plans, consider that the means and resources have to be affected to the more vulnerable areas, understood as not only the ones where rare species live but also the ones where economic and social activities are supposed to be hardly disturbed by a pollution coming from the sea. The method we present is one of the first attempts to apply the recommendation of the ministry of ecology and sustainable development which considers that non-commercial activities have to be taken into account besides commercial ones. After having reviewed the literature devoted to this topic, we propose a method to estimate the socio-economic vulnerability of the Corsican seaboard.

Some of the most profound changes in the littoral have arisen from direct decisions by man concerning land use, and these have affected both the quality of environmental resources, such as soils and water and the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. Land use decisions in coastal areas are based on opportunities and constraints affected by both biophysical and socio-economic drivers, being land use and land use changes one of the main issues integrating the large debate on sustainable development. The need to integrate natural and social sciences in order to identify questions and eventually find solutions, concerning measuring, monitoring and managing the development of coastal areas has been the main purpose of the interdisciplinary research project held in India: “Measuring, monitoring and managing sustainability: the coastal dimension”. The research was conducted in accordance with the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework and the main drivers analysed were tourism, intensive agriculture/aquaculture and industry.

During last few years, the high environmental humidity and salinity in areas close to the sea have caused degeneration of the construction materials. Due to this, several building have collapsed. Several studies demonstrated that it is very difficult to predict these cases. For this reason, we propose a non-invasive technique which takes into account the appropriate placement of the wireless sensors to detect the degeneration of the cement used in construction. Our proposal is based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) which is able to sense the temperature, humidity, micro-vibrations and structural movements. We show the sensor deployment and its appropriate location to take the most suitable measurements and ensure the reliability of the data. We show the energy consumption of each node and the web interface used to show the data. From the structural movements, our WSN can know whether a building is in danger of collapse or not., This work has been partially supported by the Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (NetGNA), Portugal, and by National Funding from the FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through the PEst-OE/EEI/LA0008/2011 Project.