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This research investigates discrimination against suspected Islamic terrorists based on tolerance for the use of torture. This research is justified by the need to identify how intergroup and ideological factors combine to express discrimination. Two experimental studies were conducted with a between‐subjects design. Study 1 (N = 282) analysed the terrorist threat against the ingroup and the nationality of torturers with respect to support for torture against suspected Islamic terrorists. Study 2 (N = 165) analysed the interaction among terrorist threat against the ingroup and perceived threat (realistic and symbolic) as moderators in the relationship between RWA and discrimination. Study 1 indicated that support for torture was greater when the victims of terrorist acts and the torturers belonged to the ingroup. Study 2 indicated that the perceived threat encourages support for the use of torture, regardless of the levels of RWA. Taken together, these results elucidate the psychosocial processes that are present in the hostility towards social minorities from predominantly Muslim countries and in the strengthening of xenophobic political positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutamate is one of the predominant excitatory neurotransmitters released from the central nervous system; however, at high concentrations, this substance may induce excitotoxicity. This phenomenon is involved in numerous neuropathologies. At present, clinically available pharmacotherapeutic agents to counteract glutamatergic excitotoxicity are not completely effective; therefore, research to develop novel compounds is necessary. In this study, the main objective was to determine the pharmacotherapeutic potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava (PG) in a model of oxidative stress-induced by exposure to glutamate utilizing Danio rerio larvae (zebrafish) as a model. Data showed that treatment with glutamate produced a significant increase in oxidative stress, chromatin damage, apoptosis, and locomotor dysfunction. All these effects were attenuated by pre-treatment with the classical antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Treatment with PG inhibited oxidative stress responsible for cellular damage induced by glutamate. However, exposure to PG failed to prevent glutamate-initiated locomotor damage. Our findings suggest that under conditions of oxidative stress, PG can be considered as a promising candidate for treatment of glutamatergic excitotoxicity and consequent neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is currently treated with bacterial L-asparaginase; however, its side effects raise the need for the development of improved and efficient novel enzymes. Previously, we obtained low anti-asparaginase antibody production and high serum enzyme half-life in mice treated with the P40S/S206C mutant; however, its specific activity was significantly reduced. Thus, our aim was to test single mutants, S206C and P40S, through in vitro and in vivo assays. Our results showed that the drop in specific activity was caused by P40S substitution. In addition, our single mutants were highly stable in biological environment simulation, unlike the double-mutant P40S/S206C. The in vitro cell viability assay demonstrated that mutant enzymes have a higher cytotoxic effect than WT on T-cell-derived ALL and on some solid cancer cell lines. The in vivo assays were performed in mice to identify toxicological effects, to evoke immunological responses and to study the enzymes' pharmacokinetics. From these tests, none of the enzymes was toxic; however, S206C elicited lower physiological changes and immune/allergenic responses. In relation to the pharmacokinetic profile, S206C exhibited twofold higher activity than WT and P40S two hours after injection. In conclusion, we present bioengineered E. coli asparaginases with high specific enzyme activity and fewer side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgical exploration and closure of the tunica albuginea is the recommended treatment for penile fractures. The recovery of sexual function is the main result that surgeons and patients pursue. Objective: We sought to evaluate the sexual health effects of a surgically corrected penile fracture. Secondarily, we sought to identify risk factors that may influence long‐term sexual function and their effects on genital body image satisfaction. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical correction of penile fractures between 2007 and 2022 in a tertiary center was performed. Lesion characteristics, weeks until the resumption of sexual activity, and post‐operative sexual function were recorded. The presence of glans hypoesthesia, penile deformation, penile nodule palpation, and self‐satisfaction with body image were assessed. Results: Sixty‐nine patients with a mean age of 42.30 ± 12.98 years and a median follow‐up of 70 (20–134) months were identified. Sexual intercourse was recorded as a percentage. Penile deformation was the most common complication, appearing in 14.5% of patients, erectile dysfunction in 5.8%, penile nodules in 4.3%, and glans hypoesthesia in 2.9%. The median post‐operative International Index of Erectile Function‐5 was 24 (21.5–24). Self‐satisfaction with body image had a median of 9 and was negatively associated with bilateral lesions and penile deformation. Discussion and conclusion: Distal fractures could be linked to erectile dysfunction and glans hypoesthesia. Surgical correction of penile fractures shows positive functional and self‐reported outcomes, and the potential andrological complications rarely necessitate specific treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The covariance matrix with compound symmetry structure is used in many statistical procedures, as in repeated measures design, in mixed linear or non-linear models, as well as in genetic studies. For making inferences about the compound symmetry structure, the classic original likelihood ratio test (OLRT) is commonly used. The main limitation of this test is the difficulty of establishing an exact distribution for test statistic under the null hypothesis in addition to assuming multivariate normality of the sample data, which makes the test not very robust when this condition is violated. This work aims to propose three robust tests named LRTR, PBTR, and PBTC, which are based on robust estimators and parametric bootstrap methods. Besides that, we intended to compare the performance of the three proposed tests with the classic OLRT and robust MCPT tests that already exist in the literature. We also wanted to check if the proposed tests that are based on the Comedian robust estimators performed better than the OLRT and PBTC when considering or not outliers in the data. Finally, the performance of asymptotic tests was compared to those that are computationally intensive tests. The tests were evaluated using the type I error rate and power in Monte Carlo simulations. We concluded that the Comedian robust estimators did not add improvements to the asymptotic tests or the computationally intensive tests. The PBTC and PBTR performed better than the OLRT, LRTR, and MCTP. Therefore, the PBTC and PBTR outperformed the classic OLRT and the robust MCPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to understand Brazilian immigrant parents' experience and needs using an explanatory sequential design with two phases: survey and structured interviews. The results identified several challenges these parents face, the most prevalent being a lack of social support, as well as cultural values and parenting styles. These findings are important for informing counselors and other professionals working with this community how to better develop intervention and advocacy tools tailored to their unique needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion This review investigates the prevalence of male non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after renal transplant, as kidney transplantation is a transformative intervention for patients with end‐stage renal disease significantly enhancing quality of life that might be diminished by LUTS.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed. A systematic search in the PubMed and Scopus databases was performed using specific terms. Inclusion criteria considered male kidney transplant recipients, analysing outcomes in English‐language studies. Discrepancies were resolved by consultation.Among 18 studies involving 29 086 recipients, the prevalence of non‐neurogenic LUTS ranged from 5.8% to 33.0%. Studies predominantly used the International Prostate Symptom Score for evaluation. Surgical interventions, mostly for benign prostatic obstruction, ranged from 2.5% to 20.0%. Voiding and post‐micturition symptoms were under‐represented.This review found varied non‐neurogenic LUTS prevalence and characteristics in male kidney transplant recipients, emphasising the need for standardised assessments, prospective studies, and improved understanding of LUTS mechanisms. Enhanced knowledge can guide interventions, additionally benefiting recipient quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South American genus Polynoncus Burmeister encompasses 38 valid species that are considered to be endemic to South America. In this work, we provide a comprehensive revision of this genus. Polynoncus seymourensis (Mutchler, 1925) with only insular occurrence (Galapagos Islands) is now recorded for the continent. We describe Polynoncus pseudogemmifersp. n. from Argentina to accommodate a species previously considered as 'P. gemmifer'. Polynoncus furcillifer Pittino 1987 and P. argentinus (Harold, 1872) are both reinstated as valid species, and P. haafi (Vaurie 1962) is synonymised with P. gemmifer (Blanchard, 1847). Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Trox hemisphaericus Burmeister, 1876, T. pampeanus Burmeister, 1876, T. gemmiferus Blanchard, 1847, T. gemmifer Blanchard, 1847, T. leprosus Blanchard, 1847, T. argentinus Harold, 1872, T. gemmingeri Harold, 1872, T. pedestris Harold, 1872 and T. globulatus Fairmaire, 1884. We provide high-quality images of the type specimens and their labels, a differential diagnosis, synonyms, chresonomy and known geographical distributions. A key for the accurate identification of species of Polynoncus is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pasturelands are characterized as grasslands utilized for cattle raising and consist of natural or exotic vegetation, predominantly grasses. In the context of sustainable production, the biodiversity of insects within grazing environments holds significant value. Dung beetles play a crucial role in sustaining pasturelands as the burial of feces by these beetles fosters ecological services indispensable for maintaining a robust and healthy environment. Given that different dung beetle species contribute to distinct environmental benefits, a comprehensive understanding of the species present in pasturelands, their origins, and the ecological services they provide is imperative. This study endeavors to compile comprehensive information on dung beetle species native to South America, emphasizing taxonomic precision and a confirmed affinity for cattle dung. Our findings are derived from a synthesis of literature and observational data, incorporating location information obtained from taxonomic revisions and specimen labels of specimens housed at CEMT. In South America, a total of 57 dung beetle species are documented that inhabit grazing areas and actively feed on cattle manure. These areas span diverse biomes encompassing native and/or introduced grasslands, which may include deforested sections within forest biomes such as Chaco, Pantanal, Cerrado, Caatinga, Pampa, Atlantic Forest, Amazon Forest, Paramo, Puna, Llanos, and Patagonia. The preponderance of species identified fall within the paracoprid category, recognized as particularly vital for the sustainability of pasturelands. Despite their acknowledged importance, a noticeable knowledge gap impedes the effective conservation of these species. This gap is a focal point of discussion in this study, addressing the challenges and opportunities for enhancing conservation efforts. The species documented in this research exhibit notable economic and environmental relevance in the context of sustainable livestock production, emphasizing the urgency and significance of initiatives that prioritize their conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction due to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Currently, treatment of PD has focused on increasing dopamine levels, using a dopamine precursor, levodopa (L-DOPA) or stimulation of dopaminergic receptors. Prolonged use of L-DOPA is associated with the occurrence of motor complications and dyskinesia, attributed to neurotoxic effects of this drug. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR), a lipophilic polyphenol, to counteract L-DOPA induced toxicity. Zebrafish larvae were pre-treated with CUR (0.05 µM) or vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 24 hr and subsequently exposed to L-DOPA (1 mM) or vehicle. Immediately and 24 hr after L-DOPA exposure, spontaneous swimming and dark/light behavioral tests were performed. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products were determined at the end of treatment. CUR significantly improved the motor impairment induced by 24 hr L-DOPA treatment, and reduced levels of ROS and lipoperoxidation products in zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, our results suggest that CUR acts as a neuroprotector against toxicity initiated by L-DOPA. Evidence suggests the observed effects of CUR are associated with its antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Pheochromocytoma is a rare neoplasia arising from the adrenal medulla that secretes catecholamines. Those afflicted by this condition can present a wide range of symptoms. One of the most common is paroxysmic hypertension. Interestingly, although rare, some patients present with shock. We describe two cases of pheochromocytoma in which the initial presentation was shock. Case 1. 49 year-old woman, with a history of resistant hypertension, presented to the emergency department with thoracic pain and fever. EKG, echocardiogram (ECC), and myocardial necrosis markers were compatible with Takotsubo syndrome (TS). CT demonstrated a staghorn calculus, hydronephrosis, and signs compatible with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in the right kidney. Additionally, and incidentally, it revealed a 60 mm nodule on the right adrenal gland. Piperacillin/tazobactam was started immediately, and the patient was submitted to urgent upper urinary tract drainage. This procedure was complicated by a cardiorespiratory arrest that was treated with adrenaline administration. The patient was admitted to the ICU due to multifactorial shock and started alpha and, posteriorly, beta blockage. Biochemical adrenal incidentaloma endocrinologic study was negative (under hemodialysis). Multiorgan failure progressively improved. After 2 weeks, the patient was submitted to a laparoscopic transperitoneal right adrenalectomy. No complications were reported. Histological analysis revealed a pheochromocytoma. Case 2. 28-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with headaches and nausea. Vitals were compatible with shock. CT revealed an incidental 72 mm mass on the right adrenal. EKG, ECC, and myocardial necrosis markers were compatible with TS. The patient was started on alpha and, posteriorly, beta blockage. Adrenal incidentaloma endocrinological study demonstrated high urinary catecholamines. Right transperitoneal adrenalectomy was performed. No complications were noted. Histological analysis revealed a pheochromocytoma. Conclusion. Pheochromocytoma can present with complex, enigmatic, and rare clinical pictures. Clinicians should be wary of the possibility of this diagnosis when managing adrenal masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ants often interact aggressively for resources (e.g. nest sites and food) with members of their own or another species. In these competitive interactions, dominant ant species exert a strong influence on ant species coexistence and plant‐associated arthropod community structure. However, few studies have experimentally manipulated the relative abundance of dominant ant species on plants, preventing a mechanistic understanding of the effects of ant competitive interactions on ant community structure as well as on their interactions with other insects, particularly mutualistic hemipterans. In this study, we performed a field experiment in a tropical dry forest in Brazil to investigate the effects of two dominant ant species (Camponotus crassus and Cephalotes pusillus) on the structure ant communities and the abundance of the ant‐tended hemipteran Enchenopa brasiliensis in Solanum lycocarpum plants. For this, we identified and quantified all ant species foraging on plants and estimated the number of egg masses, nymphs and adults of the mutualistic hemipteran before and after experimentally removing nests of both two dominant ant species. Our results showed that removal of C. pusillus nests significantly changed ant community structure, whereas removal of C. crassus nests did not. We also found that nest removal of both dominant ant species had significant effects on hemipteran abundance. In particular, plants generally hosted more hemipteran eggs, nymphs and adults after (vs before) nest removal of both dominant ant species. Overall, this study demonstrates that dominant ant species can play a pivotal role in structuring ant communities and the interactions between ants and honeydew‐producing hemipteran insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of diets high in saturated fatty acids in individuals who have undergone maternal protein restriction is not clear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a saturated fatty acid–enriched hyperlipidic diet (HL) affects liver expression of genes of the redox balance and inflammatory pathway in postweaning rat offspring subjected to maternal protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats received either a control (C; 19% protein) or low protein (LP; 8% protein) diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, pups received either C or HL diets up to 90 days of life. The LP+HL group showed an upregulation of transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (+48%) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (+96%) compared with the LP+C group (P <.05), respectively. Similarly, gene expression of the markers of inflammation, nuclear factor-kappa B1 (+194%) and tumor necrosis factor-α (+192%), was enhanced (P <.05). Although other antioxidant enzymes were not modified in gene expression, catalase (CAT) was 66% higher in LP+HL compared with LP+C. In contrast, CAT protein content in the liver was 50% lower in LP groups compared with C, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was twice as high in LP groups compared with C. Postweaning HL after maternal protein restriction induces hepatic metabolic adaptation characterized by enhanced oxidative stress, unbalanced expression in the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and CAT, and activation of inflammatory pathways but does not impact circulating markers of lipid metabolism and liver function. Wistar rats subjected to low protein (LP) diet during gestation and lactation showed dysfunction in liver catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzymes with enhanced lipid and protein peroxidations. However, there were no changes in inflammation and serum markers in relation to the control group (C). Following a postweaning nutrition transition to hyperlipidic (HL) diet, these animals (LP-HL) had worse antioxidant control and elicited liver inflammation pathways at 90 days old. *Illustrative colors of the rats only. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translingual orientation represents an important paradigm shift for language studies and language education nowadays. In this field, stands out the collapse of monolithic, monolingual and structuralist ideas regarding the world, the subject and the language-culture. In this sense, this paper aimed to present the fundamental principles of translanguaging, the meaningmaking according to the translanguaging perspective and the implications of translanguaging experiences in teaching and learning languages through a decolonial perspective. Finally, I present some considerations about how translanguaging practices point to the development of a linguistic reality that, in addition to the flexibility of linguistic and semiotic resources to give senses and meanings to the world, questions power relations and the subalternization of knowledge, thus promoting social justice through language education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign trade depends on diplomatic relations, interest in the product or service and, among others, the exchange rate. When the rate is undervalued, it favors the export of a country and when it is overvalued, it harms. To improve the performance of foreign trade, policies can be adopted to control the exchange rate or establish an Exchange Rate Mark, to provide more transparency for commercial transactions and currency circulation. In this regard, the new Exchange Rate Framework was established on December 30, 2022, with the aim of facilitating international trade, establishing greater control over the evasion of foreign exchange, and preventing the financing of drug trafficking and terrorism. This article aims to get to know the new Exchange Rate Mark, identify the effects on foreign trade and currency control. To achieve this proposal, a bibliographical research was carried out on specific themes such as: exchange rate, foreign trade, trade balance, export, import, for example; arranged in books, dissertations, theses, scientific articles, Central Bank reports, Banco do Brasil. The research approach is qualitative, as it seeks to understand, know its complexities, identify the correlations that explain the theme. As a result, the adoption of an Exchange Rate Framework is important for reducing bureaucracy, both for individuals and companies in international and commercial relations, making the exchange rate process more dynamic. The requirements and weaknesses of the globalized market influenced by politics and geopolitics are some of the challenges that the exchange rate framework faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to answer the following question: what is the role of listening in the different enunciative macro-operations for the child to carry out the main changes within these macro-operations? In order to answer this question, the article features a theoretical basis and an analytical basis. The theoretical basis consists of revisiting texts from Émile Benveniste's books Problems in General Linguistics I and Problems in General Linguistics II, to show how the term listener appears in the reflections about language, a language [langue] and enunciation. Based on the notion of listener, we will present a concept of listening as an in-between enunciative instance of vocal manifestations in the enunciative invertibility I-you. This theoretical construction, based on Benveniste (1995; 1989), is combined with the reflection on native language acquisition proposed by Silva (2007; 2009), which presents the functioning of the three enunciative macro-operations in the child's introduction into their native language. To answer the question analytically, enunciative fragments presented by Silva (2007) are reviewed to illustrate the role of listening in each of the macro-operations. Finally, the study points to the interdependence of vocal manifestations and listening in the history of the child's enunciations and, consequently, in their introduction into their native language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exogenous impact on public expenditures and the short time frame for their execution, represented by investments and other expenses, required to host the FIFA World Cup, create a scenario more propitious for corrupt practices that are not properly monitored by society due to the enthusiasm generated by the preparations for the event. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of preparation for and realization of the World Cup in the host countries on the public perception of corruption in those countries. For this purpose, we employ the synthetic control method as described by Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller (2010), who utilized the announcement of the host country as a shock to the Corruption Perception Index formulated by Transparency International. The host countries analyzed are Germany (2006), South Africa (2010) and Brazil (2014). The announcement of the host country was related to an increase in the perception of corruption in the countries analyzed, but this effect tended to wane as the event approached. The lower corruption perception evidenced by the method does not jibe with the scenario of corruption scandals that emerged after the event, mainly in South Africa and Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms from extreme environments, such as the Antarctic ecosystems, have a great potential to produce enzymes with novel characteristics. Within this context, L -asparaginase (ASNase) obtained from yeast species has been poorly studied. In this study, yeasts isolated from samples collected at Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) were tested to produce ASNase. From an initial screening of 40 strains, belonging to 13 different species, Leucosporidium scottii L115 produced an ASNase activity (LsASNase activity: 6.24 U g-1 of dry cell weight) with the lowest glutaminase activity. The LsASNase was purified 227-fold, with a specific activity of 137.01 U mg-1 at 37 °C, without glutaminase activity. Moreover, the maximum enzyme activity was observed at pH 7.5 and at a temperature of 55 °C. The enzyme is a multimer of 462 kDa, presenting a single band of 53 kDa molecular mass in reduced conditions; after PGNase F treatment, a single band of 45 kDa was observed. The enzymatic kinetic evaluation revealed an allosteric regulation of the enzyme and the kinetic parameters were determined at 37 °C, pH 7.0 as substrate affinity constant, K 0.5 = 233 μM, k cat = 54.7 s−1 and Hill coefficient, n H = 1.52, demonstrating positive cooperativity by the enzyme and the substrate. This is the first study to report L. scottii as a source of glutaminase-activity free L -asparaginase, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia drug feature suitable for the treatment of asparagine synthetase negative cancer cells. [Display omitted] • Screening of asparaginase from psychrotolerant Antarctic yeasts. • Asparaginase from Leucosporidium scottii showed glutaminase-activity free. • The enzyme showed glycosylation as post-translational modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that results in a decrease in dopamine levels, resulting in motor-type disturbances. Different vertebrate models, such as rodents and fish, have been used to study PD. In recent decades, Danio rerio (zebrafish) has emerged as a potential model for the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases due to its homology to the nervous system of humans. In this context, this systematic review aimed to identify publications that reported the utilization of neurotoxins as an experimental model of parkinsonism in zebrafish embryos and larvae. Ultimately, 56 articles were identified by searching three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Seventeen studies using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 4 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), 24 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 6 paraquat/diquat, 2 rotenone, and 6 articles using other types of unusual neurotoxins to induce PD were selected. Neurobehavioral function, such as motor activity, dopaminergic neuron markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, and other relevant parameters in the zebrafish embryo-larval model were examined. In summary, this review provides information to help researchers determine which chemical model is suitable to study experimental parkinsonism, according to the effects induced by neurotoxins in zebrafish embryos and larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Demographic Census is the most relevant set of research to understand Brazil, allowing to analyse the main socio-economic and spatial transformations of the Brazilian territory. On its various scales, it identifies processes and trends that contrast with past territorial dynamics, demographic developments and emerging social demands. The aim of this text is to analyze these transformations in the state of Rondônia, presenting as the center of analysis the expansion of the urban network and its population dynamics. To achieve this, the methodology adopted combined the review of regional research with statistical-cartographic analyses. The results indicate two processes: the formation of an urban axis and population recentralization along the BR-364 highway, simultaneously, with population dispersion in small and intermediate municipalities. From a population receiving state, Rondônia passes to a stage of little demographic growth, with population displacement fronts towards new agricultural frontiers in the Western Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural metabolites present an extraordinary chemo-diversity and have been used as the inspiration for new drugs. Considering the need for new treatments against the neglected parasitic disease leishmaniasis, three semi-synthetic derivatives of natural neolignane licarin A were prepared: O-acetyl (1a), O-allyl (1b), and 5-allyl (1c). Using an ex vivo assay, compounds 1a , 1b , and 1c showed activity against the intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum , with IC 50 values of 9, 13, and 10 μM, respectively. Despite no induction of hemolytic activity, only compound 1b resulted in mammalian cytotoxicity (CC 50 = 64 μM). The most potent compounds (1a and 1c) resulted in selectivity indexes >18. The mechanism of action of compound 1c was evaluated by fluorescent/luminescent based techniques and MALDI-TOF/MS. After a short incubation period, increased levels of the cytosolic calcium were observed in the parasites, with alkalinization of the acidocalcisomes. Compound 1c also induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization, resulting in decreased levels of ATP without altering the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Neither plasma membrane damages nor DNA fragmentation were observed after the treatment, but a reduction in the cellular proliferation was detected. Using MALDI-TOF/MS, mass spectral alterations of promastigote proteins were observed when compared to untreated and miltefosine-treated groups. This chemically modified neolignan induced lethal alterations of the bioenergetic and protein metabolism of Leishmania. Future PKPD and animal efficacy studies are needed to optimize this promising natural-derived compound. • Licarin A derivatives presents a potent anti - L. (L.) infantum activity. • Compound 1c increases calcium levels and alkalinize the acidocalcisomes. • Compound 1c induces hyperpolarization of parasite mitochondria. • Compound 1c promotes protein mass spectrum alterations. • Licarin A derivatives are promising hit compounds for leishmaniasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the effects of the new coronavirus pandemic carried out by the mobile emergency care service (SAMU) in Senador Canedo-Goiás in the period 2019-2020. Methods: This is a descriptive ecological study, using the SAMU service bulletins of the respective municipality as a source of information, referring to the period from January 2019 to December 2020. The absolute and relative frequencies of the selected variables were calculated and calculated the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% (p< 0.05). Results: In 2019, 1,078 occurrences were recorded, while in 2020, 1,705 were attended, showing an increase in the number of calls between years. Most attendances were male (2019-2020 - 59.4%) aged between 19 and 45 years (2019-2020 - 36.3%). The main place of occurrence was at home (2019-2020 - 45.9%), in the afternoon shift (2019-2020 - 34.1%) and the highest occurrences were carried out on weekends (2019-2020 - 32, 1%). The main type of occurrence was due to assistance in both years (2019-90.5%; 2020-79.6%), although removal/transport showed a significant demand in 2020 (2019-9.5%; 2020- 20.4% - p= <0.0001). The main reason for attendance was due to clinical causes (2019-19.5%; 2020-28.5% - p= 0.914), followed by external causes (2019-15.3%; 2020-26.6% - p=<0.0001). Conclusion: it was observed that the pandemic significantly influenced the increase in cases of occurrences in the year 2020, increasing the number of removals/ transportation, impacting the health service and it is expected that the unpublished data from the sample obtained can serve as a substrate for the planning and execution of measures aimed at improving health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enzyme L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase) catalyzes the breakdown of L-asparagine into aspartate and ammonia, which leads to an anti-neoplastic activity stemming from its capacity to deplete L-asparagine concentrations in the bloodstream, and it is therefore used in cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to inhibit malignant cell growth. Nowadays, this anti-cancer enzyme, largely produced by Escherichia coli, is well established on the market. However, E. coli L-asparaginase therapy has side effects such as anaphylaxis, coagulation abnormality, low plasma half-life, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, protease action, hyperglycemia, and cerebral dysfunction. This review provides a perspective on the use of filamentous fungi as alternative cell factories for L-asparaginase production. Filamentous fungi, such as various Aspergillus species, have superior protein secretion capacity compared to yeast and bacteria and studies show their potential for the future production of proteins with humanized N-linked glycans. This article explores the past and present applications of this important enzyme and discusses the prospects for using filamentous fungi to produce safe eukaryotic asparaginases with high production yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en el interior del estado de Tocantins y que tuvo como objetivo el problema investigativo: ¿Cómo fue el acceso a la escolarización de los estudiantes de educación básica de la zona rural de un municipio del interior de Tocantins en ¿El contexto de la pandemia? La escuela lugar de la investigación es urbana, sin embargo los estudiantes eran residentes de zonas rurales y usuarios del transporte escolar. La investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender el acceso de estudiantes de zonas rurales a la educación primaria remota en tiempos de pandemia en la realidad de una escuela urbana en el estado de Tocantins y, así, comprender las miradas de los sujetos y analizar situaciones de vulnerabilidad frente al tema escolar. en un contexto de pandemia. En esta investigación cualitativa se utilizó metodológicamente diarios de campo, entrevistas y revisiones de literatura. La investigación identifica la invisibilidad de los estudiantes de las regiones rurales y la ausencia de políticas públicas efectivas en el momento álgido de la pandemia, así como la poca orientación y apoyo a docentes y estudiantes en materia educativa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cryptogenius is provided. Based on literature data and the examination of 33 specimens, including the name-bearing types of two of the three available species-group names involved, we conclude that Cryptogenius comprises two species: C. miersianus Westwood, 1842, from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and Argentina, and Cryptogenius westwoodi sp. nov., from the Amazon and possibly Panama and Costa Rica. Cryptogenius fryi Arrow, 1909 is here considered a junior subjective synonym of C. miersianus. The lectotype of C. miersianus is designated. Updated information on the geographical distribution of both species is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) causes illness and death in cetaceans worldwide; the CeMV strains circulating in the Southern Hemisphere are poorly known. We detected a pilot whale CeMV strain in 3 short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) stranded in Brazil during July-October 2020. Our results confirm this virus circulates in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of traditional method of storage of cowpea grains and seeds for the control of the Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The storage method consists of packing grains and seeds, mixed with threshing residue, in hermetically sealed polyethylene bottles or barrels. In the experiment, four treatments were evaluated: (i.) Perforated flask containing grains, (ii.) Non-perforated flask containing grains, (iii.) Perforated flask containing a mixture of grains and threshing residues and (iv.) Non-perforated bottle containing a mixture of grains and threshing residues, the latter representing the traditional method (control). For each treatment, 4 replicates were used. For each pot, 20 adult individuals of the insect-pest were inserted. After induced infestation, the pots were stored in a place protected from rain and sun, simulating the reality of farmers' storage. At 35 and 70 days after the induced infestation, the following variables were counted for each pot: number of live insects, number of dead insects, number of holes caused by insects in the grains and percentage of grains attacked. The use of threshing residue was not efficient for the control. On the other hand, the absence of gas exchange in the pot decreased the multiplication of the insect pest, indicating the importance of using hermetic barrels ourvacuum packaging for storage and commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the sociodemographic profile and spatial distribution of positive asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 in Poços de Caldas. The sample was calculated with a confidence level of 95% (z=1.96), sampling error of 5% and design effect (deff) of 1.2. The selection was performed by the double-stage cluster technique. Logistic regression models were used, and spatial analysis was done by the Arcgis desktop software 10.8. The prevalence of asymptomatic positives among the 1,222 participants increased from 2.2% (95% CI: 0.8%-3.6%) in the first stage to 5.3% (95% CI: 3.1%-7.5%) in the third. There were more positive results among women (OR=2.36; CI95: 1.03-5.40), with lower educational level (OR= 2.30; IC95%: 1.22-4.34), and who were left without income in the pandemic (OR=3.78; IC95%: 1.59-9.03). The positive cases were located close to the access roads. There was a difference in the prevalence of the disease according to sociodemographic characteristics, and the highways played a key role in these dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of this study were to develop and characterize hydrophilic polymeric membranes impregnated with poly-lactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) combined with red propolis (RP). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to obtain 30% (w/v) red propolis hydroalcoholic extract (RPE). The NPs (75,000 g mol−1) alone and incorporated with RP (NPRP) were obtained using the solvent emulsification and diffusion technique. Biopolymeric hydrogel membranes (MNPRP) were obtained using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and NPRP. Their characterization was performed using thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), total phenols (TPC) and flavonoids contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity through the radical scavenging assay with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The identification and quantification of significant RP markers were performed through UPLC-DAD. The NPs were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. The TPC for RPE, NPRP, and MNPRP was 240.3 ± 3.4, 191.7 ± 0.3, and 183.4 ± 2.1 mg EGA g−1, while for TFC, the value was 37.8 ± 0.9, 35 ± 3.9, and 26.8 ± 1.9 mg EQ g−1, respectively. Relevant antioxidant activity was also observed by FRAP, with 1400.2 (RPE), 1294.2 (NPRP), and 696.2 µmol Fe2+ g−1 (MNPRP). The primary markers of RP were liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, and formononetin. The particle sizes were 194.1 (NPs) and 361.2 nm (NPRP), with an encapsulation efficiency of 85.4%. Thermal analysis revealed high thermal stability for the PLA, nanoparticles, and membranes. The DSC revealed no interaction between the components. FTIR allowed for characterizing the RPE encapsulation in NPRP and CMC for the MNPRP. The membrane loaded with NPRP, fully characterized, has antioxidant capacity and may have application in the treatment of skin wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to study the determining factors for the expansion of the state partition of the National Bank of Ballistic Profiles in the scope of the Regional Coordinations of the Technical and Scientific Police (RCTSPs) of Goiás. In a qualitative approach, guided by the deductive method, with exploratory techniques of bibliographic, documentary and normative research, associated with the analysis of secondary data, this research aims to offer parameters that facilitate the decision-making process of state managers. The SWOT matrix was used as a tool to ascertain the feasibility of expansion to the RCTSPs, strategic factor for the promotion of public security in the state and in Brazil. It is inferred from the academic work that the main weakness is in the human resources axis and the order of priority regarding the choice of coordinations, meeting the demand and geographic criteria, is: 14th, 1st, 10th, 4th, 3rd and 5th RCTSPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flour obtained in a greenhouse has a higher content of total phenolic compounds. • Drying by the greenhouse is beneficial in the preservation of nutrients. • The flour of the aroeira leaf is rich in total dietary fiber. The present work aimed at the development and characterization of aroeira leaf flour (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), obtained by lyophilization and drying in an air circulation oven. The technological, physical, physico-chemical, morphological, functional, and microbiological aspects were analyzed. Physico-chemical analysis identified the following properties with values provided respectively for fresh leaves (FOin) and flours (FES and FLIO): low water activity (0.984, 0.370, 0.387 g/100 g), moisture (64.52, 5.37, 7.97 g /100 g), ash (2.69, 6.51, and 6.89 g/100 g), pH (0.89, 4.45, 4.48 g/100 g), lipids (0.84, 1.67, 5.23 g/100 g), protein (3.29, 8.23, 14.12 g/100 g), carbohydrates (17.02, 53.12, 33.02 g/100 g), ascorbic acid (19.70, 34.20, 36.90 mg/100 g). Sources of fiber from plant leaves and flours (11.64, 25.1, 32.89 g/100 g) showed increased levels of luminosity. For NMR, the presence of aliphatic and aromatic compounds with olefinic hydrogens and a derivative of gallic acid were detected. The most abundant minerals detected were potassium and calcium. Micrographs identified the presence of irregular, non-uniform, and sponge-like particles. The main sugars detected were: fructose, glucose, and maltose. Malic, succinic, citric, lactic, and formic acids were found. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified in the samples, highlighting: kaempferol, catechin, and caffeic acid. The values ​​found for phenolics were (447, 716.66, 493.31 mg EAG/100 g), flavonoids (267.60, 267.60, 286.26 EC/100 g). Antioxidant activity was higher using the ABTS method rather than FRAP for analysis of FOin, FES, and FLIO. Since the flours of the aroeira leaf have an abundant matrix of nutrients with bioactive properties and antioxidant activity, they have a potential for technological and functional use when added to food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall stability of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was improved via immobilization onto low-cost eco-friendly carriers (agroindustrial wastes) followed by using spouted bed dryer or spray dryer. Lipase covalently immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated rice husk proved the greatest performance, retaining 94.1% of the initial activity, followed by sugarcane bagasse (90.3%) and green coconut fiber (89.3%). On the other hand, the enzyme activity retention of CRL-lipase bioencapsulated in magnetic chitosan treated with glutaraldehyde or sodium tripolyphosphate ranged from 73.6% to 84.6%. The dried product moisture content, and water activities ranged from 4.1% and 6.5% and from 0.2 to 0.35, respectively. After storage for six months at 5 °C, the immobilized enzyme systems retained at least 70.0% of its initial activity (vs 18.3% retained activity for the free lipase). After ten reuse cycles, enzyme immobilized onto lignocellulosic carriers retained on average 72.7% of its initial activity. The thermostability of all immobilized derivatives was significantly improved and lipase immobilized onto rice husk showed a stabilization factor of 20.44 at 80 °C. The kinetic data showed that the CRL - lipase suffered alterations in catalytic behavior after the immobilization/drying, mainly a slight decrease in affinity to the substrate (↑K M). Among all the assessed immobilized lipase for aroma synthesis the rice husk immobilized lipase displayed the best result towards the production of isoamyl caprylate (62.40 g.L−1). In conclusion, this report reinforces the urgent need for the economic development of eco-sustainable immobilized biocatalysts to boost the use of enzymatic technology on industrial scale, and the feasibility of the association of immobilization and drying processes to improve the enzyme-quality features. [Display omitted] • Bioconversion of agricultural wastes to eco-friendly carrier for lipase immobilization. • Spouted bed dryer or spray dryer to enzyme immobilization by a single step. • Immobilized lipase showed high enzyme activity retention and stabilization factor. • Immobilized-CRL presented an exceptional esterification yield as high as 88.0%. • After ten reuse cycles, immobilized-LCRL retained on average 72.7% of initial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of small amounts of niobia (Nb 2 O 5) in borosilicate glasses was explored. By analysis on thermal and structural changes, we found evidences that niobium integrates the glass structure in octahedral NbO 6 coordination. Adding up to 8.0 mol% of Nb 2 O 5 , the oxide partially ruptured the glass structure, interfering in the BO 3 /BO 4 ratio, but the predominant network configuration was maintained. Thermally, there was an increase in the processing interval and the glasses became more resistant against crystallization, with the presence of niobia. Also, the oxide contributed to a notable decrease in the viscosity of the melts. The improvement of such properties were obtained by the controlled dispersion of the oxide in the glass network structure, avoiding large areas of phase-to-phase separation to preserve the desired ability of these glasses to incorporate a wide range of elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to measure the technical and scale efficiency scores of agricultural establishments in the 35 intermediate regions of the Northeast of Brazil for the year 2017, which have the most up-to-date data. For this purpose, a two-stage model was used: the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, in Portuguese, Data Envelopment Analysis, with input orientation and the truncated normal Tobit. The results obtained by means of DEA revealed that the majority of the intermediate regions were fully efficient, both from the technical and scale points of view. Furthermore, by means of the truncated Tobit normal model, it can be inferred that fertilization, irrigation, access to financing, and regular high school education increase efficiency. Whereas, factors such as total area of establishments, technical assistance, crop rotation, and planting in contour lines, negatively affect efficiency in the segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive, irreversible loss of memory and cognitive function. Drosophila melanogaster and other animal models are used to study several diseases, in order to elucidate unknown mechanisms and develop potential therapies. Molecular studies require biological samples and, for neuropathologies such as AD biopsy of the human brain, are invasive and potentially damaging. The solution is to use animal models, such as D. melanogaster , which is a model organism that can replace mammalian organisms in such studies. In this study, we evaluated the climbing ability and differential gene expression during AD progression due to the amylodoigenic pathway using RNA-seq, and we performed an in silico analysis of a fruit fly AD-like GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) model with GFP expression in the pan-neural elav driver. A total of 1388 genes were differentially expressed in all analyzed groups. The main pathways related to those Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) during aging and AD progression were evaluated using the fly genes and human orthologs, in order to link genomic information to higher-order functional information with gene pathway mapping. We identified pathways present in all analyzed groups, such as metabolic pathways, ribosomal pathways, proteasome pathways and immune system pathways. Some of the genes were validated by qPCR. Knockdown of CG17754 gene by RNAi promoted degeneration in the fly eye, validating these findings in vivo. The identification of similarities in molecular pathways between the transgenic fly AD-like GFP model and mammals related to AD provides new insights into the use of this fly in screening novel anti-AD drugs. • Drosophila melanogaster model for Alzheimer disease (AD-like) can be created by using elav-Gal4, UAS-GFP strain. • AD-like model using elav-Gal4, UAS-GFP strain had a delay to beginning the symptoms. • RNA-seq from AD-like GFP model showed a profile gene expressed similar to human. • A novel gene, the CG17754 , was validated as candidate for neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Human and animal studies have shown that schistosomiasis protects against metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Objectives: However, less is known about the effects of a high-fat diet on hepatic architecture, formation and composition of granulomas in acute schistosomiasis mansoni. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat (60% fat) chow or standard (10% fat) chow for 13 weeks were infected with 80 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. The mice were assigned into four groups: uninfected fed standard (SC), high-fat chow (HFC), infected fed standard (ISC) and high-fat chow (IHFC). Blood lipid concentrations (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL), oral glucose tolerance test, body mass gain, liver mass and intestinal parasite egg counting (oogram), cellular composition, percentage of inflammatory infiltrates and morphometric features (area and perimeter) of liver granulomas were measured. The volumetric density of hepatocytes, steatosis, sinusoids, necrosis and hepatic fibrosis were estimated by using stereology. Results: IHFC mice showed lower blood lipid levels, biometrics, improved glucose tolerance and less steatosis compared to control mice (HFC). The IHFC group showed larger granulomas, predominance of polymorphonuclear cells and rich inflammatory infiltration, binucleated hepatocytes and histopathological changes more severe than ISC. Conclusion: Although acute schistosomiasis reduces the effects of a high-fat diet on the host's metabolism, it induces damage to liver architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1st Innovative Municipality Contest was an initiative to encourage good innovation prac-tices in health, through innovative written practices. To describe the experience of the execu-tive committee in managing the results of the 1st Innovative Municipality Contest. Experience report on the executive committee team linked to the Health Research Management. The pub-lic notice elaborated explained the steps that would be carried out, in which they were divided into two moments, the first is the Homologation Stage, in which the agent included the send-ing of an explanatory video about the innovative practice and a written summary. The second is the Evaluation Stage. The creation of the management flow was effective, totaling 144 practices sent in the first stage and 126 practices in the second. The systematic view of the work process for flow alignment was fundamental, as it reduced failures during the organizational phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the experience of applying instruments that enable the effectiveness of the nursing process in elderly people with multimorbidities. This is an experience report on the application of the instrument from December 2021 to February 2022, to patients with morbidities using two forms, in which the first was associated with the patient's subjective data and nanda domains (2021 -2023), in which he elaborated nursing diagnoses, the second form addressed Orem's selfcare with different evaluation criteria for each item. The result presented several nursing diagnoses, which included Ineffective control of the therapeutic regimen, Willingness for increased control of the therapeutic regimen and Willingness for increased control of the therapeutic regimen, having results, intervention and evaluation of the study. It is concluded that the use of classification systems made it possible to establish the diagnoses, interventions and results of nursing, as well as allowing the active participation of the patient in his entire care plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycianthes, comprising approximately 200 species, is one of the largest genera of the Solanaceae family. The taxonomy of the genus is considered difficult, and for more than a century its species were included in Solanum. Despite its relative diversity, Lycianthes has only a small number of diagnostic characters and has accumulated nomenclatural and systematic problems throughout its history, reflecting its great similarity with Solanum. Information concerning the genus in Brazil is still scarce, and the present work was designed to provide a taxonomic treatment and revisionary study of the Brazilian members of Lycianthes. The circumscriptions of the species presented here are based on evaluations of more than 700 specimens from both Brazilian and foreign herbaria and the examination of types and images from virtual herbaria. Lycianthes is represented in Brazil by 12 species belonging to Lycianthes subgenus Polymeris, with three subordinate sections (Lycianthes sects. Asaropsis, Simplicipila, and Eupolymeris). We provide keys to separate the three sections and the 12 Brazilian species of Lycianthes and include synonymy, typification, updated descriptions, distributions, and illustrations of all treated species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) is an important source of biologically active compounds with pharmacological potential. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity of different extracts obtained from either traditional or organic cultivated yerba mate in vitro and in vivo. Aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were obtained from commercial samples of yerba mate and total phenolic content was determined employing Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The aqueous extracts presented higher content of total phenols, compared to ethanolic and methanolic extracts, and also demonstrated lower cytotoxicity, which is the basis for testing were carried out only using aqueous extracts. The main phenolic acids found in traditional aqueous (TA) extract were chlorogenic, gallic and protocatechuic acids. Gallic and hydroxybenzoic acids were detected in aqueous cultivated organic (OA) extract. Pretreatment with OA extract (100 µg/ml, 1 hr) was cytoprotective against rotenone-induced toxicity (1 µM). For in vivo toxicity assay, zebrafish embryos were exposed to OA or TA extracts (10–160 µg/ml) at 4 hr post fertilization. TA extract decreased embryos survival in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced the hatching rate at 40 µg/ml, increased edema frequency at 80 µg/ml and altered body curvature at 120 µg/ml. Further, TA extract produced locomotor disorders at concentrations equal to or greater than 10 µg/ml. In contrast, OA extract exhibited no apparent toxic effect on organogenesis and behavior up to 100 µg/ml. In summary, the OA cultivated extract showed the lowest cytotoxicity in vitro, enhanced reduction in rotenone-induced toxicity, and produced less toxicity in zebrafish embryos compared to the TA extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mobility is a basic action practiced during the execution of general nursing care during hospitalization, however, when it comes to elderly people, this action is usually controversial because it constitutes a risk for falls. Objective: To apprehend the structure of the social representations of the nursing team regarding the mobility of the hospitalized elderly person. Methods: This is exploratory descriptive research with a qualitative approach, based on the principles of the Theory of Social Representations, with a focus on the structural approach. The social group studied was composed of 100 professionals from the nursing team who work in units dedicated to the care of the elderly at a university hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Data collection took place in two moments, through the free word association and unstructured interview techniques. The free word association data were processed by the EVOC software, which determined the structure of the social representation through the four-place table. Content analysis was used for the interviews. The discussion involved the entire research corpus. Results: In the table, considering the frequency and the average order of evocations, the terms "fall, bedridden and care" composed the central nucleus. From the analyses of interviews, three thematic categories emerged: Mobility care involving risks, mobility care, aimed at maintaining independence/autonomy and care to deal with barriers to mobility. For the nursing team investigated, the social representation of mobility is associated with ambulation, with limited movements in the face of the risk of falling, which stimulates autonomy and independence. Conclusion: The structure of the Social Representations on the mobility of the hospitalized elderly person is anchored in everyday situations of the professional practice of the investigated group, evidencing conflicts between promoting prevention/recovery of incapacity through hospitalization and avoiding other health damages due to the risk of falls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipidic particles packed with proteins, DNA, messenger RNA and microRNAs of their cell of origin that act as critical players in cell–cell communication. These vesicles have been identified as pivotal mediators in cancer progression and the formation of metastatic niches. Hence, their isolation and analysis from circulating biofluids is envisioned as the next big thing in the field of liquid biopsies for early non-invasive diagnosis and patient follow-up. Despite the promise, current benchtop isolation strategies are not compatible with point-of-care testing in a clinical setting. Microfluidic platforms are disruptive technologies capable of recovering, analyzing, and quantifying EVs within clinical samples with limited volume, in a high-throughput manner with elevated sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities. Moreover, they can also be employed for the controlled production of synthetic EVs and effective drug loading to produce EV-based therapies. In this review, we explore the use of microfluidic platforms for the isolation, characterization, and quantification of EVs in cancer, and compare these platforms with the conventional methodologies. We also highlight the state-of-the-art in microfluidic approaches for EV-based cancer therapeutics. Finally, we analyze the currently active or recently completed clinical trials involving EVs for cancer diagnosis, treatment or therapy monitoring and examine the future of EV-based point-of-care testing platforms in the clinic and EV-based therapy production by the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this research was to analyze the governance characteristics of agricultural cooperatives, based on the Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance recommendations. Design/methodology/approach: It was made descriptive research with qualitative and quantitative approach. Data were collected from the publicly available statutes and annual reports and updated through April 2019 of 22 agricultural cooperatives from the ranking 'Best and Biggest' of 2017 published by the Revista Exame. For data processing, a content analysis was performed Cooperative Best Practices Guide. Research, Practical & Social implications: After analyzing the 440 subcategories, the results showed that 81.59% of the subcategories were present. Thus, the research can contribute to understand the adoption of governance practices by agricultural cooperatives in Brazil. Originality/value: The categories 'Cooperators' and 'Other governance bodies' presented, respectively, 100.00% and 60.00% of presence for subcategories associated with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the land use and land cover, as well as to characterize the physical quality of soil samples in the Urubu river basin, Tocantins. Land use and occupation analysis was performed by a supervised classification of LANDSAT 8 satellite images. By operating Qualisolo® program, the S index was calculated for 15 soil samples distributed among the identified land use categories, considering the physical parameters: bulk density, particle density and particle size. It was observed that over 40% of the watershed lands were anthropized, and all soil samples obtained S-index values inferior to 0,035, and therefore, they were extracted from low physical quality soil. It is necessary to adopt sustainable soil practices in order to assure an efficient soil use. It is recommended to conduct a study focused on the physical quality of soils whose uses cause more environmental damage to the basin, supported by a multitemporal analysis of land uses and land cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We tested the hypothesis that of the species studied in the Brazilian Semiarid, the ones most functionally similar to tree Azadirachta indica would be more affected by this exotic species during germination and early development. At first, we produced a crude extract of A. indica fresh leaves in six different dilutions. We placed 25 seeds of four native species (Cenostigma pyramidale, Libidibia ferrea, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, and Amburana cearensis) to germinate in Petri dishes for each dilution, with four replicates for each species. We assessed: radicle length, emergence percentage, emergence speed index, and mean emergence time. We conducted an experiment in a greenhouse to assess how the exotic plant affected the development of individual plants of the studied species. We planted five seeds of each native species alone and five in interaction with the exotic species using ten 20-l buckets. The experiment lasted four months, and the functional attributes of the individuals were collected. Among the native species analyzed, according to the cluster analysis using the functional attributes of the species planted alone, M. caesalpiniifolia, C. pyramidale and L. ferrea were functionally more similar to the exotic species. In the germination experiment, the extract affected only root length, regardless of the functional similarity. We noticed that only M. caesalpiniifolia had its early development strongly inhibited when planted in interaction with the exotic species. Although the functional similarity between the exotic and the native species did not influence germination, it negatively affected the development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efforts driven by the Comptroller General of the Union - CGU to assess the degree of compliance with provisions of the Access to Information Law (LAI) and reduce the incidence of corruption in the country, enabled the creation of methodologies for measuring the public transparency of states and counties. These requirements respond to pressure from Brazilian society for more transparency and accountability from managers. The present study analyzed the 27 Brazilian states in the period 2015 and 2016. Models with panel data were estimated to identify the influence of socioeconomic, financial-budgetary and political variables on the transparency index of Brazilian states. Characteristics such as the illiteracy rate, the geographical region and the financial condition can cooperate for the incidence of transparency and decrease the practice of illegal acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial Education has gained great prominence in Brazil. Its relationship with citizens is in financial behavior, empowering them and benefits the country's financial system and economy. The government instituted the National Strategy for Brazilian Institutional Education - ENEF, 2010. Since then, financial education has become a State policy in Public and Private Finance. Therefore, this work analyzed the evolution of national publications on the subject, from 2003 to 2018. It is a bibliometric description with 342 publications, published and character research. It was observed, between 1003 to 20 published works on the subject, after being injured of increase11, the number of publications increased, between 1003 to 20 published works on the subject, after 20 years, however it cannot have occurred in 20 works annual increases over an average of 38, launched00, but there cannot have been 20 annual increases over an average, but it cannot be proved that it was this increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High total cholesterol and insufficient 25(OH)D concentration increase the odds for a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. • Individuals with 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL showed higher Cholesterol and Triglyceride levels. • There was no difference in the frequency of COVID-19 according to vitamin D status. The relationship of vitamin D status and other biochemical parameters with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains inconclusive, especially in regions with high solar incidence. Therefore, we aimed to associate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and lipid profile prior to the SARS-CoV-2 tests in a population from a sunny region in Brazil (5 degrees S, 35 degrees W). This retrospective cohort study enrolled 1634 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 of a private medical laboratory with 25(OH)D concentration and lipid profile measured ≥ 7 days before the date of the first SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test and were categorized according to 25(OH)D sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL) or insufficiency (<30 ng/mL). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors associated with positive tests for SARS-CoV-2. Average serum 25(OH)D was 33.6 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was only found in 2.6% of the participants. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients > 49 y with insufficient 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL) presented increased odds to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 (OR: 2.02, 95 %CI: 1.15 to 3.55, P = 0.015). The same is observed among those with total cholesterol > 190 mg/dL (OR: 1.90, 95 %CI: 1.10 to 3.28, P = 0.020). Previous insufficient 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL) concentration and high total cholesterol were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults > 48 y in the study population. Further studies should be conducted to confirm whether measurement of 25(OH)D and lipid profile could be useful to identify patients who are more susceptible to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The CYP19A1 gene, which encodes the enzyme responsible for androgen aromatization into estrogens, may play an important role in breast cancer aggressiveness. However, no study has evaluated CYP19A1 gene expression in the peripheral blood of women with relapsed breast cancer.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CYP19A1 gene expression was quantified by RT-PCR in the peripheral blood of 146 women with breast cancer who were first divided into two groups according to the expression of CYP19A1 (low and high); each group had 73 patients. Subsequently, women were divided into two groups: those without recurrence (control, n = 85) and those with recurrence (study, n = 61). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test (p <  0.05).Results: There were no significant differences between the relative expression of CYP19A1 mRNA in the low expression group and the high expression group according to the variables studied. There were no significant differences in CYP19A1 gene expression in the study and control groups (p = 0.8461). In the relapse group, CYP19A1 gene expression was significantly higher in the hybrid luminal subtype than in the triple-negative subtype (p = 0.0321), whereas it was significantly lower in HER2-negative cases than in HER2-positive cases (p <  0.0376). Women with locoregional recurrence showed higher expression than women with distant recurrence (p <  0.0001).Conclusions: The present study found no significant differences between women with high and low expression of the CYP19A1 gene mRNA or between those in the study group and the control group. However, in women with recurrence, there was increased expression of CYP19A1 mRNA in those who had the luminal hybrid subtype and locoregional relapse and decreased expression in those negative for HER2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]