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This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of thigh muscle assessed by CT images to predict overall mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This was a multicenter cohort study including adults (≥ 18 years old) newly diagnosed with CRC, who performed a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) exam including thigh regions. CT images were analyzed to evaluate skeletal muscle (SM in cm2), skeletal muscle index (SMI in cm2/m2), and skeletal muscle density (SMD in HU). Muscle abnormalities (low SM, SMI, and SMD) were defined as the values below the median by sex. Kaplan–Meyer curves and hazard ratios (HRs) for low SM, SMI and SMD were evaluated for overall mortality, stratified by sex. A total of 257 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients' mean age was 62.6 ± 12.1 years, and 50.2% (n = 129) were females. In males, low thigh SMI was associated with shorter survival (log-rank P =.02). Furthermore, this low thigh SMI (cm2/m2) was independently associated with higher mortality rates (HR adjusted 2.08, 95% CI 1.03–4.18). Our additional findings demonstrated that low SMD was independently associated with overall mortality among early-stage patients (I–III) (HR adjusted 2.78, 95% CI 1.26–6.15). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the effects of 12-week high-intensity interval (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous (MICT), and self-selected intensity training (SSIT) on health outcomes and affective responses. Methods: Seventy-three overweight/obese inactive adults (62% woman; age, 31.4 ± 7.2 years; height, 1.66 ± 0.09 cm; Body mass index, 28.9 ± 2.7 kg.m−2) who were randomized into HIIT (n = 23), MICT (n = 24) and SSIT (n = 26) groups. The training was conducted three times per week in an outdoor environment, with 4 weeks under direct supervision and 8 weeks with semi-supervision. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and metabolic profile were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the 4th and 12th weeks. Core affect was measured during all training sessions. Results: Peak oxygen uptake improved in all groups after 4 and 12 weeks compared with baseline. Only the SSIT had reductions in body fat throughout the intervention. No improvements were observed in the metabolic profile across all groups. SSIT was perceived as more pleasurable than HIIT; however, there were no differences in affective responses between SSIT and MICT. Affective responses in-task (e.g. negative and positive peak, rate of change and affect at the end of the exercise session) predicted the HIIT and SSIT exercises attendance rate. Conclusion: Regardless of the exercise training protocol, overweight/obese inactive adults improved health outcomes, which suggests the prescribing HIIT, MICT, and SSIT in outdoor environments. SSIT should be considered in order to optimize the pleasure during training sessions. Affective response more positive in-task of the HIIT and SSIT is associated with greater attendance rate in these exercise protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of passive recovery with self-selected time on affect, ratings of perceived exertion, and heart rate in self-selected interval exercises (SSIE). Fifteen older women (68.1 ± 3.8 years), weekly practitioners of functional activities participated in three SSIE with self-selected recovery time (SSRT) and one self-selected continuous exercise session, all at 24 min approximately. The SSIE had the following configurations: 1′/SSRT, 1.5′/SSRT, and 2′/SSRT. The results showed that at the beginning of stimulus heart rate in 1.5′/SSRT (107.9 ± 16.5) and 2′/SSRT (114.6 ± 17.1) were significantly greater (p <.05) compared with self-selected continuous exercise (102.8 ± 14.5). The ratings of perceived exertion in self-selected continuous exercise (2.4 ± 0.4; p <.05) were higher compared with SSIE in recovery. No significant differences were found in affect. The SSIE provided similar responses based on recoveries manipulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, published in the journal Vascular Medicine, discusses the use of daily steps to identify patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who have high sedentary time and low physical activity. The study aimed to establish specific cut-off points for distinguishing between healthy and unhealthy combined profiles of sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among patients with PAD and claudication symptoms. The researchers found that daily steps can be used as a clinically useful metric to discriminate between patients with healthy and unhealthy combined profiles of sedentary time and MVPA. Patients with a healthy profile had better six-minute walk test performance and higher ankle-brachial index (ABI) compared to those with an unhealthy profile. The study suggests that patients who achieve at least 6,000 steps per day have the healthiest combined profile, while those who take less than 3,000 steps per day are likely to have an unhealthy profile and require closer care. Increasing daily step counts by at least 1,000 steps is recommended for patients with an unhealthy profile. The findings have important implications for healthcare professionals and can be used to set step count goals for patients with PAD. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This study compared the effect of low-volume high-intensity training (LV-HIIT) sessions with different work-recovery durations on muscle damage markers.Methods: Twenty-four trained adult males (22.3 ± 2.9 years; 24.6 ± 2.7 kg∙m-2) performed two LV-HIIT sessions (10 x 60 s and 20 x 30 s at 100% of maximal aerobic speed on treadmill (Vmax) interspersed with equal time passive recovery, respectively) in a randomized, counter-balanced order, separated by a 1-week interval. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and countermovement vertical jump height (CVJH) performance were assessed before, and 24-h and 48-h post sessions.Results: Pressure-pain threshold (PPT), pressure-pain tolerance (PPTol) and perceived pain intensity (PPI) using pressure algometry assessed DOMS in the rectus rectus femoris, biceps femoris and gastroctemius. A non-significant session by time interaction for PPT, PPTol and PPI in all muscles analyzed was observed (all P > 0.260). Additionally, a non-significant session by time interaction was observed for CVJH performance (P = 0.836).Conclusion: LV-HIIT sessions with different work-recovery durations elicited non-significant changes on muscle damage markers following 24- and 48-h in trained males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study analyzed the effect of walking breaks or low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE) on markers of metabolic syndrome relative to a day of prolonged sitting. Methods: Twenty-five adults with excess body fat participated in this crossover trial: (1) 10-hour sitting day (SIT), (2) LV-HIIE followed by a sitting day (EX+SIT), and (3) sitting day with 5-minute walking breaks for every 20 minutes (SIT+WB). Glucose and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and 1 hour after 4 meals and 2 hours after lunch. Triglycerides were measured at baseline, 2, and 3.5 hours after lunch. Generalized mixed models were used to identify differences in the area under the curve (AUC) of BP and incremental AUC (iAUC) of glucose and triglycerides among the sessions. Results: iAUC-glucose was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = -35.3 mg/dL·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -52.5 to -8.2). AUC-diastolic BP was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (β = -14.1 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.5 to -1.6) and EX+SIT (β = -14.5 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.9 to -2.1). There were no differences in triglycerides and systolic BP levels among the sessions. Conclusion: Adults with excess body fat present lower glucose and diastolic BP during a day with breaks in sitting time compared with a prolonged sitting day with or without an LV-HIIE session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing evidence shows that aerobic exercise improves cognitive function. However, it is unclear how exercising at different exercise intensities affects cognitive inhibitory control in overweight/obese adults. Herein we compared the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and self-selected intensity training (SSIT) on cognitive inhibitory control in overweight/obese adults. A total of 64 adults (59.4% women, 31.3 ± 7.1 years, 29 ± 2.5 kg/m²) were randomized into three walking/running groups: HIIT, MICT and SSIT. All groups performed three exercise sessions per week on an outdoor running track for 12 weeks. Cognitive inhibitory control was assessed at baseline and after the exercising programs using a computerized version of the Stroop Color-Words test. The HIIT and SSIT resulted in a faster Stroop effect (i.e. enhanced performance) when compared to MICT (p=.018; p=.026), however, there were no significant differences between the HIIT and SSIT groups (p>.05). The enhanced Stroop effect was correlated with increases in cardiorespiratory fitness after HIIT (r= −.521, p=.018) and decreases in body fat after MICT (r=.671, p=.001). These findings may suggest that overweight/obese adults performing exercise interventions at higher intensities or self-selected intensity may enhance their cognitive ability to inhibit automated behavioral responses. Highlights HIIT and/or SSIT are more effective than MICT in improving cognitive inhibitory control after 12-weeks in overweight/obese adults. Increases in cardiorespiratory fitness and decreases in body fat after HIIT and MICT were correlated with improvements in cognitive inhibitory control. Our study highlights the possibility of performing different exercise programs in an outdoor environment to improve cognitive function in overweight/obese adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]