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2. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis

Author

Abram, Michael, Aerssens, Jeroen, Alafaci, Annette, Balmaseda, Angel, Bandeira, Teresa, Barr, Ian, Batinović, Ena, Beutels, Philippe, Bhiman, Jinal, Blyth, Christopher C, Bont, Louis, Bressler, Sara S, Cohen, Cheryl, Cohen, Rachel, Costa, Anna-Maria, Crow, Rowena, Daley, Andrew, Dang, Duc-Anh, Demont, Clarisse, Desnoyers, Christine, Díez-Domingo, Javier, Divarathna, Maduja, du Plessis, Mignon, Edgoose, Madeleine, Ferolla, Fausto Martín, Fischer, Thea K, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Giaquinto, Carlo, Gillet, Yves, Hernandez, Roger, Horvat, Come, Javouhey, Etienne, Karseladze, Irakli, Kubale, John, Kumar, Rakesh, Lina, Bruno, Lucion, Florencia, MacGinty, Rae, Martinon-Torres, Federico, McMinn, Alissa, Meijer, Adam, Milić, Petra, Morel, Adrian, Mulholland, Kim, Mungun, Tuya, Murunga, Nickson, Newbern, Claire, Nicol, Mark P, Odoom, John Kofi, Openshaw, Peter, Ploin, Dominique, Polack, Fernando P, Pollard, Andrew J, Prasad, Namrata, Puig-Barberà, Joan, Reiche, Janine, Reyes, Noelia, Rizkalla, Bishoy, Satao, Shilpa, Shi, Ting, Sistla, Sujatha, Snape, Matthew, Song, Yanran, Soto, Giselle, Tavakoli, Forough, Toizumi, Michiko, Tsedenbal, Naranzul, van den Berge, Maarten, Vernhes, Charlotte, von Mollendorf, Claire, Walaza, Sibongile, Walker, Gregory, Li, You, Wang, Xin, Blau, Dianna M, Caballero, Mauricio T, Feikin, Daniel R, Gill, Christopher J, Madhi, Shabir A, Omer, Saad B, Simões, Eric A F, Campbell, Harry, Pariente, Ana Bermejo, Bardach, Darmaa, Bassat, Quique, Casalegno, Jean-Sebastien, Chakhunashvili, Giorgi, Crawford, Nigel, Danilenko, Daria, Do, Lien Anh Ha, Echavarria, Marcela, Gentile, Angela, Gordon, Aubree, Heikkinen, Terho, Huang, Q Sue, Jullien, Sophie, Krishnan, Anand, Lopez, Eduardo Luis, Markić, Joško, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Moore, Hannah C, Moyes, Jocelyn, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Nokes, D James, Noordeen, Faseeha, Obodai, Evangeline, Palani, Nandhini, Romero, Candice, Salimi, Vahid, Satav, Ashish, Seo, Euri, Shchomak, Zakhar, Singleton, Rosalyn, Stolyarov, Kirill, Stoszek, Sonia K, von Gottberg, Anne, Wurzel, Danielle, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Yung, Chee Fu, Zar, Heather J, and Nair, Harish

Published
2022
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3. Subthreshold Cannabidiol Potentiates Levetiracetam in the Kainic Acid Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Pilot Study.

Author

Lucchi, Chiara, Marcucci, Mattia, Aledresi, Kawther Ameen Muhammed Saeed, Costa, Anna-Maria, Cannazza, Giuseppe, and Biagini, Giuseppe

Abstract

Refractoriness to antiseizure medications is still a major concern in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. For this reason, we decided to evaluate the combination of levetiracetam and cannabidiol, administered at a subthreshold dose, to limit the possible adverse effects of this phytocannabinoid. We administered levetiracetam (300 mg/kg/day, via osmotic minipumps), cannabidiol (120 mg/kg/day, injected once a day subcutaneously), or their combination for one week in epileptic rats. Saline-treated epileptic rats were the control group. Animals were monitored with video electroencephalography the week before and after the treatment. No changes were found in the controls. Levetiracetam did not significantly reduce the total seizure number or the overall seizure duration. Still, the overall number of seizures (p < 0.001, Duncan's new multiple range test) and their total duration (p < 0.01) increased in the week following treatment withdrawal. Cannabidiol did not change seizures when administered as a single drug. Instead, levetiracetam combined with cannabidiol resulted in a significant reduction in the overall number and duration of seizures (p < 0.05), when comparing values measured during treatment with both pre- and post-treatment values. These findings depended on changes in convulsive seizures, while non-convulsive seizures were stable. These results suggest that cannabidiol determined a remarkable potentiation of levetiracetam antiseizure effects at a subthreshold dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Evaluation of a multiplex-qPCR for paediatric pleural empyema—An observational study in hospitalised children.

Author

Jacobson, Jonathan, Fabri, Loraine, Osowicki, Joshua, Shanthikumar, Shivanthan, Costa, Anna-Maria, Ortika, Belinda, Wee-Hee, Ashleigh, Pragassen, Michelle, Gatt, Cassandra, Gonis, Gena, Nguyen, Cattram, Rozen, Thomas, Teague, Warwick, Buttery, Jim, Clifford, Vanessa, Mulholland, Kim, Steer, Andrew, Ranganathan, Sarath, Daley, Andrew, and Dunne, Eileen

Subjects
EMPYEMA, BACTERIAL cultures, STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae, STREPTOCOCCUS pyogenes, SCIENTIFIC observation, HAEMOPHILUS influenzae, STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus
Abstract

Pleural empyema is a serious complication of pneumonia in children. Negative bacterial cultures commonly impede optimal antibiotic therapy. To improve bacterial identification, we developed a molecular assay and evaluated its performance compared with bacterial culture. Our multiplex-quantitative PCR to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae was assessed using bacterial genomic DNA and laboratory-prepared samples (n = 267). To evaluate clinical performance, we conducted the Molecular Assessment of Thoracic Empyema (MATE) observational study, enrolling children hospitalised with empyema. Pleural fluids were tested by bacterial culture and multiplex-qPCR, and performance determined using a study gold standard. We determined clinical sensitivity and time-to-organism-identification to assess the potential of the multiplex-qPCR to reduce the duration of empiric untargeted antibiotic therapy. Using spiked samples, the multiplex-qPCR demonstrated 213/215 (99.1%) sensitivity and 52/52 (100%) specificity for all organisms. During May 2019–March 2023, 100 children were enrolled in the MATE study; median age was 3.9 years (IQR 2–5.6). A bacterial pathogen was identified in 90/100 (90%) specimens by multiplex-qPCR, and 24/100 (24%) by bacterial culture (P <0.001). Multiplex-qPCR identified a bacterial cause in 68/76 (90%) culture-negative specimens. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen, identified in 67/100 (67%) specimens. We estimate our multiplex-qPCR would have reduced the duration of untargeted antibiotic therapy in 61% of cases by a median 20 days (IQR 17.5–23, range 1–55). Multiplex-qPCR significantly increased pathogen detection compared with culture and may allow for reducing the duration of untargeted antibiotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Therapeutic potential of stilbenes in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence.

Author

Socała, Katarzyna, Żmudzka, Elżbieta, Lustyk, Klaudia, Zagaja, Mirosław, Brighenti, Virginia, Costa, Anna Maria, Andres‐Mach, Marta, Pytka, Karolina, Martinelli, Ilaria, Mandrioli, Jessica, Pellati, Federica, Biagini, Giuseppe, and Wlaź, Piotr

Abstract

Neuropsychiatric disorders are anticipated to be a leading health concern in the near future, emphasizing an outstanding need for the development of new effective therapeutics to treat them. Stilbenes, with resveratrol attracting the most attention, are an example of multi‐target compounds with promising therapeutic potential for a broad array of neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions. This review is a comprehensive summary of the current state of research on stilbenes in several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disorders. We describe and discuss the results of both in vitro and in vivo studies. The majority of studies concentrate on resveratrol, with limited findings exploring other stilbenes such as pterostilbene, piceatannol, polydatin, tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside, or synthetic resveratrol derivatives. Overall, although extensive preclinical studies show the potential benefits of stilbenes in various central nervous system disorders, clinical evidence on their therapeutic efficacy is largely missing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Pharmacological restoration of gut barrier function in stressed neonates partially reverses long-term alterations associated with maternal separation

Author

Rincel, Marion, Olier, Maïwenn, Minni, Amandine, Monchaux de Oliveira, Camille, Matime, Yann, Gaultier, Eric, Grit, Isabelle, Helbling, Jean-Christophe, Costa, Anna Maria, Lépinay, Amandine, Moisan, Marie-Pierre, Layé, Sophie, Ferrier, Laurent, Parnet, Patricia, Theodorou, Vassilia, and Darnaudéry, Muriel

Published
2019
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24. A simplified, amplicon-based method for whole genome sequencing of human respiratory syncytial viruses

Author

Dong, Xiaomin, primary, Deng, Yi-Mo, additional, Aziz, Ammar, additional, Whitney, Paul, additional, Clark, Julia, additional, Harris, Patrick, additional, Bautista, Catherine, additional, Costa, Anna Maria, additional, Waller, Gregory, additional, Daley, Andrew J, additional, Wieringa, Megan, additional, Korman, Tony, additional, and Barr, Ian G., additional

Published
2022
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25. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis

Author

Li, You, primary, Wang, Xin, additional, Blau, Dianna M, additional, Caballero, Mauricio T, additional, Feikin, Daniel R, additional, Gill, Christopher J, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Omer, Saad B, additional, Simões, Eric A F, additional, Campbell, Harry, additional, Pariente, Ana Bermejo, additional, Bardach, Darmaa, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Casalegno, Jean-Sebastien, additional, Chakhunashvili, Giorgi, additional, Crawford, Nigel, additional, Danilenko, Daria, additional, Do, Lien Anh Ha, additional, Echavarria, Marcela, additional, Gentile, Angela, additional, Gordon, Aubree, additional, Heikkinen, Terho, additional, Huang, Q Sue, additional, Jullien, Sophie, additional, Krishnan, Anand, additional, Lopez, Eduardo Luis, additional, Markić, Joško, additional, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, additional, Moore, Hannah C, additional, Moyes, Jocelyn, additional, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, additional, Nokes, D James, additional, Noordeen, Faseeha, additional, Obodai, Evangeline, additional, Palani, Nandhini, additional, Romero, Candice, additional, Salimi, Vahid, additional, Satav, Ashish, additional, Seo, Euri, additional, Shchomak, Zakhar, additional, Singleton, Rosalyn, additional, Stolyarov, Kirill, additional, Stoszek, Sonia K, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Wurzel, Danielle, additional, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, additional, Yung, Chee Fu, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, Nair, Harish, additional, Abram, Michael, additional, Aerssens, Jeroen, additional, Alafaci, Annette, additional, Balmaseda, Angel, additional, Bandeira, Teresa, additional, Barr, Ian, additional, Batinović, Ena, additional, Beutels, Philippe, additional, Bhiman, Jinal, additional, Blyth, Christopher C, additional, Bont, Louis, additional, Bressler, Sara S, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Cohen, Rachel, additional, Costa, Anna-Maria, additional, Crow, Rowena, additional, Daley, Andrew, additional, Dang, Duc-Anh, additional, Demont, Clarisse, additional, Desnoyers, Christine, additional, Díez-Domingo, Javier, additional, Divarathna, Maduja, additional, du Plessis, Mignon, additional, Edgoose, Madeleine, additional, Ferolla, Fausto Martín, additional, Fischer, Thea K, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, additional, Giaquinto, Carlo, additional, Gillet, Yves, additional, Hernandez, Roger, additional, Horvat, Come, additional, Javouhey, Etienne, additional, Karseladze, Irakli, additional, Kubale, John, additional, Kumar, Rakesh, additional, Lina, Bruno, additional, Lucion, Florencia, additional, MacGinty, Rae, additional, Martinon-Torres, Federico, additional, McMinn, Alissa, additional, Meijer, Adam, additional, Milić, Petra, additional, Morel, Adrian, additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, Mungun, Tuya, additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Newbern, Claire, additional, Nicol, Mark P, additional, Odoom, John Kofi, additional, Openshaw, Peter, additional, Ploin, Dominique, additional, Polack, Fernando P, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Prasad, Namrata, additional, Puig-Barberà, Joan, additional, Reiche, Janine, additional, Reyes, Noelia, additional, Rizkalla, Bishoy, additional, Satao, Shilpa, additional, Shi, Ting, additional, Sistla, Sujatha, additional, Snape, Matthew, additional, Song, Yanran, additional, Soto, Giselle, additional, Tavakoli, Forough, additional, Toizumi, Michiko, additional, Tsedenbal, Naranzul, additional, van den Berge, Maarten, additional, Vernhes, Charlotte, additional, von Mollendorf, Claire, additional, Walaza, Sibongile, additional, and Walker, Gregory, additional

Published
2022
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28. Prospective Evaluation of Ghrelin and Des-Acyl Ghrelin Plasma Levels in Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy: Evidence for Reduced Ghrelin-to-Des-Acyl Ghrelin Ratio in Generalized Epilepsies

Author

Costa, Anna-Maria, primary, Lo Barco, Tommaso, additional, Spezia, Elisabetta, additional, Conti, Valerio, additional, Roli, Laura, additional, Marini, Lorenza, additional, Minghetti, Sara, additional, Caramaschi, Elisa, additional, Pietrangelo, Laura, additional, Pecoraro, Luca, additional, D’Achille, Fabio, additional, Accorsi, Paola, additional, Trenti, Tommaso, additional, Melani, Federico, additional, Marini, Carla, additional, Guerrini, Renzo, additional, Darra, Francesca, additional, Bergonzini, Patrizia, additional, and Biagini, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2022
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29. Tua Mão na minha, de Eloí Bocheco: Fantasía e imaginación en el cuento contemporáneo de autoría femenina para niños

Author

Grazioli, Fabiano Tadeu, Coenga, Rosemar Eurico, and Costa, Anna Maria Ribeiro F. M. da

Subjects
Conto contemporâneo para a infância, Fantasia, Cuento contemporáneo para la infancia, Imaginação, Your hand in mine, Fantasía, Imagination, Imaginación, Contemporary short story for childhood, Eloí Bocheco, Tua mão na minha, Fantasy
Abstract

In the article, it was investigated the fantasy and the imagination, used as resources in the creation context of the contemporary short story destined to the children and occurred throughout bibliographical research of qualitative approach, which allows approximate the theoretical considerations of the book Tua mão na minha [Your hand in mine], written by Eloí Bocheco, Brazilian author, overall Catarinense. The path outlined for the article starts from a brief consultation to consider the short story, which is done by Charles Kiefer (2004), towards the considerations of Vera Teixeira de Aguiar (2001), Marta Morais da Costa (2006, 2007), Bruno Bettelheim (2007), Diana Lichetenstein Corso and Mario Corso (2006) and Regina Zilberman (2005, 2014), among others. This framework allows us to understand, the short story and the specific characteristics of this narrative, in other words, the importance of fantasy and imagination in its constitution. Then, a reading of Bocheco’s short story is presented, exploring the aspects in which fantasy and imagination are enhanced in the plot and the actions of the protagonist of the narrative named Dúnia. In the end, from the many possibilities and suggestions that the short story in question inventively inaugurates and provokes, it is attested that Tua mão na minha [Your hand in mine], which was weaved from memory and, therefore, able to invest as much in the imaginative resources, it is a narrative that, in its plot, doubles, as it is allowed to imagine, and, in a genuine childhood activity, mobilize resources from the inner world when it is necessary to deal with limit situations that are found in the reader’s trajectory/crossing. En el artículo se investiga la fantasía y la imaginación, tomadas como recursos en el contexto de la creación del cuento contemporáneo dirigido a los niños, a través de una investigación bibliográfica con enfoque cualitativo, que permite abordar consideraciones teóricas de la obra Tua Mão na minha, de Eloí Bocheco, autora brasileña, sobretodo de Santa Catarina. El camino trazado para el artículo parte de una breve consulta a consideraciones sobre el cuento, lo que se hace desde Charles Kiefer (2004), hacia las consideraciones de Vera Teixeira de Aguiar (2001), Nelly Novaes Coelho (2000), Marta Morais da Costa (2006, 2007), Bruno Bettelheim (2007), Diana Lichetenstein Corso y Mario Corso (2006) Regina Zilberman (2005, 2014), entre otros. Este marco nos permite percibir, por la historia y características específicas de esta narrativa, la importancia de la fantasía y la imaginación en su constitución. Luego, se presenta una lectura del cuento de Bocheco, explorando los aspectos en los que la fantasía y la imaginación son potencializadas en la trama y en las acciones de Dúnia, la protagonista de la narrativa. Al final, de las muchas posibilidades y sugerencias que el cuento en cuestión inventivamente inaugura y provoca, se plantea que Tua mão na minha, tejido desde la memoria y, por lo tanto, capaz de invertir tanto en recursos imaginativos, es una narrativa que, en su trama, se duplica, a medida que se le permite imaginar, y, en una actividad genuina de la infancia, movilizar recursos del mundo interior cuando es necesario hacer frente a situaciones límite que se encuentran en la trayectoria/cruce del lector. No artigo, investiga-se a fantasia e a imaginação, tomadas como recursos no contexto da criação do conto contemporâneo destinado à criança, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa, que permite aproximar considerações teóricas da obra Tua mão na minha, de Eloí Bocheco, autora brasileira, sobretudo catarinense. O percurso delineado para o artigo parte de uma breve consulta a ponderações sobre o conto, o que se faz a partir de Charles Kiefer (2004), em direção às considerações de Vera Teixeira de Aguiar (2001), Nelly Novaes Coelho (2000), Marta Morais da Costa (2006, 2007), Bruno Bettelheim (2007), Diana Lichetenstein Corso e Mario Corso (2006) e Regina Zilberman (2005, 2014), entre outros. Esse arcabouço permite perceber, pela história e pelas características específicas desta narrativa, a importância da fantasia e da imaginação na sua constituição. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma leitura do conto de Bocheco, explorando os aspectos nos quais a fantasia e a imaginação são potencializadas no enredo e nas ações de Dúnia, a protagonista da narrativa. Ao final, das muitas possibilidades e sugestões que o conto em questão inventivamente inaugura e provoca, atesta-se que Tua mão na minha, tecido a partir da memória e, por isso mesmo, capaz de investir tanto nos recursos imaginativos, é narrativa que, no seu enredo, duplifica-se, à medida que lhe é permitido imaginar, e, em uma atividade genuína da infância, mobilizar recursos do mundo interior quando é necessário lidar com situações-limites que se encontram na trajetória/travessia do leitor.

Published
2021
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31. Factors associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in hospitalised children: a retrospective analysis

Author

Anderson, Jeremy, primary, Oeum, Michelle, additional, Verkolf, Eva, additional, Licciardi, Paul V, additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, Nguyen, Cattram, additional, Chow, Kim, additional, Waller, Gregory, additional, Costa, Anna-Maria, additional, Daley, Andrew, additional, Crawford, Nigel W, additional, Babl, Franz E, additional, Duke, Trevor, additional, Do, Lien Anh Ha, additional, and Wurzel, Danielle, additional

Published
2021
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33. Adding saliva testing to oropharyngeal and deep nasal swab testing increases PCR detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in primary care and children

Author

Oliver, Jane, primary, Tosif, Shidan, additional, Lee, Lai‐yang, additional, Costa, Anna‐Maria, additional, Bartel, Chelsea, additional, Last, Katherine, additional, Clifford, Vanessa, additional, Daley, Andrew, additional, Allard, Nicole, additional, Orr, Catherine, additional, Nind, Ashley, additional, Alexander, Karyn, additional, Meagher, Niamh, additional, Sait, Michelle, additional, Ballard, Susan A, additional, Williams, Eloise, additional, Bond, Katherine, additional, Williamson, Deborah A, additional, Crawford, Nigel W, additional, and Gibney, Katherine B, additional

Published
2021
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35. Aplicació de l'aprenentatge basat en problemes als graus i màsters en química de la Universitat de Barcelona

Author

Costa, Anna Maria, Escaja Sánchez, Nuria, Fité Piquer, Carles, Fuguet i Jordà, Elisabet, González Pérez, Miguel, and Madurga Díez, Sergio

Subjects
Chemistry, Aprenentatge, Activitats d'aprenentatge, Learning, Química, Learning activities
Abstract

El aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) consiste en utilizar problemas como elemento clave para la adquisición e integración de nuevos conocimientos. Esta metodología se centra en los estudiantes e implica trabajo colaborativo. En la presente comunicación se muestran los resultados de aplicar el ABP a asignaturas a nivel de grado y máster en los estudios de Química e Ingeniería Química de la UB, y se identifican y analizan los factores clave a considerar para su correcto funcionamiento.

Published
2021

39. Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium prevalence and associated factors among women presenting to a pregnancy termination and contraception clinic, 2009–2019

Author

Shilling, Hannah S, primary, Garland, Suzanne M, additional, Costa, Anna-Maria, additional, Marceglia, Alex, additional, Fethers, Katherine, additional, Danielewski, Jennifer, additional, Murray, Gerald, additional, Bradshaw, Catriona, additional, Vodstrcil, Lenka, additional, Hocking, Jane S, additional, Kaldor, John, additional, Guy, Rebecca, additional, and Machalek, Dorothy A, additional

Published
2021
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44. A naturalistic, 9-month follow-up, comparing olanzapine and conventional antipsychotics on sexual function and hormonal profile for males with schizophrenia

Author

Costa, Anna Maria Nicolai, de Lima, Mauricio Silva, Faria, Marite, Filho, Salomao Rodrigues, de Oliveira, Irismar Reis, and de Jesus Mari, Jair

Subjects
Males -- Psychological aspects -- Sexual behavior -- Health aspects, Schizophrenia -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects -- Care and treatment, Olanzapine -- Health aspects -- Psychological aspects, Sexual disorders -- Psychological aspects -- Care and treatment, Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries, Psychology and mental health, Psychological aspects, Care and treatment, Sexual behavior, Health aspects
Abstract

Abstract Second generation antipsychotics have less influence on prolactin levels than conventional antipsychotics (CA), which are commonly associated with sexual dysfunction and hyperprolactinaemia. However, only a few studies have been [...]

Published
2007

45. The new screening program to prevent cervical cancer using HPV DNA: getting the balance right in maintaining quality

Author

Garland, Suzanne M, Dimech, Wayne, Collignon, Peter, Cooley, Louise, Nimmo, Graeme R, Smith, David W, Baird, Rob, Rawlinson, William, Costa, Anna‐Maria, and Higgins, Geoff

Subjects
HPV, Papillomavirus Infections, Australia, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, quality assurance, nucleic acid technology, Perspective, DNA, Viral, Humans, Mass Screening, Female, quality control, Papillomaviridae, Early Detection of Cancer
Abstract

Along with the reduction in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical abnormalities as a result of the successful HPV vaccination program, Australia is adopting a new screening strategy. This involves a new paradigm moving from cervical cytological screening to molecular nucleic acid technology (NAT), using HPV DNA assays as primary screening methodology for cervical cancer prevention. These assays must strike a balance between sufficient clinical sensitivity to detect or predict high‐grade cervical intraepithelial lesions, the precursor to cervical cancer, without being too sensitive and detecting transient infection not destined for disease. Ensuring the highest quality HPV NAT is thus a priority in order to reduce the possibility of falsely negative screens and manage the risk associated with false positive HPV NAT test results. How to do this needs informed discussion and on‐going refinement of the screening algorithm. This is of relevance as more countries move to more sensitive HPV NAT tests for secondary prevention of cervical cancer and as more HPV assays become available.

Published
2018

46. Factors associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in hospitalised children: a retrospective analysis.

Author

Anderson, Jeremy, Oeum, Michelle, Verkolf, Eva, Licciardi, Paul V., Mulholland, Kim, Nguyen, Cattram, Chow, Kim, Waller, Gregory, Costa, Anna-Maria, Daley, Andrew, Crawford, Nigel W., Babl, Franz E., Duke, Trevor, Do, Lien Anh Ha, and Wurzel, Danielle

Subjects
RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, JUVENILE diseases, PEDIATRIC respiratory diseases, BRONCHIOLITIS, RESPIRATORY infections, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus, RETROSPECTIVE studies, RESEARCH, COMMUNICABLE diseases, RESEARCH methodology, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, HOSPITAL care, HOSPITAL care of children
Abstract

Background: Early recognition of children at risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection is important as it informs management decisions. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with severe disease among young children hospitalised with RSV infection.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children <2 years of age hospitalised for RSV lower respiratory tract infection at a single tertiary paediatric hospital over three RSV seasons (January 2017-December 2019). We classified children as having 'moderate' or 'severe' disease based on the level of respiratory intervention and used univariable and multivariable regression models to determine factors associated with severe disease.Results: Of 970 hospitalised children, 386 (40%) were classified as having 'severe' and 584 (60%) as having 'moderate' RSV disease. On multivariable analyses, age <2 months (OR: 2.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.3, p<0.0001), prematurity (OR: 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4, p=0.02) and RSV-parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) codetection (OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.05 to 6.5, p=0.04) were independently associated with severe disease.Conclusion: Younger age, prematurity and PIV3 codetection were associated with severe RSV disease in children <2 years of age hospitalised with RSV infection. The association between PIV3 and severe RSV disease is a novel finding and warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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