36 results on '"Coslovi, Anna"'
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2. Understanding the structural specificity of Tn antigen for its receptor: an NMR solution study
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D’Amelio, Nicola, Coslovi, Anna, Rossi, Marco, Uggeri, Fulvio, and Paoletti, Sergio
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- 2012
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3. Can the interaction between the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and alginate be exploited for the formulation of new biomaterials with antimicrobial properties?
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Toppazzini, Mila, Coslovi, Anna, Boschelle, Manuela, Marsich, Eleonora, Benincasa, Monica, Gennaro, Renato, and Paoletti, Sergio
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- 2011
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4. Capillary Electrophoresis of Mono- and Oligosaccharides
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Toppazzini, Mila, primary, Coslovi, Anna, additional, Rossi, Marco, additional, Flamigni, Anna, additional, Baiutti, Edi, additional, and Campa, Cristiana, additional
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- 2016
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5. Use of Capillary Electrophoresis for Polysaccharide Studies and Applications
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Gamini, Amelia, primary, Coslovi, Anna, additional, Toppazzini, Mila, additional, Rustighi, Isabella, additional, Campa, Cristiana, additional, Vetere, Amedeo, additional, and Paoletti, Sergio, additional
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- 2016
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6. Enzymatic synthesis of the Tn antigen
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Coslovi, Anna, Campa, Cristiana, Flamigni, Anna, Rossi, Marco, Vetere, Amedeo, Uggeri, Fulvio, and Paoletti, Sergio
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- 2007
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7. Capillary Electrophoresis Applied to Polysaccharide Characterization
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Toppazzini, Mila, primary, Coslovi, Anna, additional, and Paoletti, Sergio, additional
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- 2010
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8. Separation of O- and C-allyl glycoside anomeric mixtures by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography
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Rossi, Marco, Campa, Cristiana, Gamini, Amelia, Coslovi, Anna, Donati, Ivan, Vetere, Amedeo, and Paoletti, Sergio
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- 2006
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9. Use of Capillary Electrophoresis for Polysaccharide Studies and Applications
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Gamini, Amelia, primary, Coslovi, Anna, additional, Rustighi, Isabella, additional, Campa, Cristiana, additional, Vetere, Amedeo, additional, and Paoletti, Sergio, additional
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- 2008
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10. A newly generated functional antibody identifies Tn antigen as a novel determinant in the cancer cell–lymphatic endothelium interaction
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Danussi, Carla, Coslovi, Anna, Campa, Cristiana, Mucignat, Maria T, Spessotto, Paola, Uggeri, Fulvio, Paoletti, Sergio, and Colombatti, Alfonso
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- 2009
11. Insight into the Molecular Properties of Chitlac, a Chitosan Derivative for Tissue Engineering
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D’Amelio, Nicola, primary, Esteban, Carmen, additional, Coslovi, Anna, additional, Feruglio, Luigi, additional, Uggeri, Fulvio, additional, Villegas, Myriam, additional, Benegas, Julio, additional, Paoletti, Sergio, additional, and Donati, Ivan, additional
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- 2013
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12. Polyol Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanism of Reduction by Alditol Bearing Polysaccharides
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Donati, Ivan, primary, Travan, Andrea, additional, Pelillo, Chiara, additional, Scarpa, Tommaso, additional, Coslovi, Anna, additional, Bonifacio, Alois, additional, Sergo, Valter, additional, and Paoletti, Sergio, additional
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- 2009
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13. An Expeditious Synthesis of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid α‐C‐Glycosyl Derivatives (“α‐C‐Glycosides”) from the Anomeric Acetates.
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Malapella, Adeline, primary, Coslovi, Anna, additional, Doisneau, Gilles, additional, and Beau, Jean‐Marie, additional
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- 2007
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14. An Expeditious Synthesis of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid α‐C‐Glycosyl Derivatives (“α‐C‐Glycosides”) from the Anomeric Acetates
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Malapelle, Adeline, primary, Coslovi, Anna, additional, Doisneau, Gilles, additional, and Beau, Jean‐Marie, additional
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- 2007
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15. Overview on advances in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry of carbohydrates: A tabulated review
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Campa, Cristiana, primary, Coslovi, Anna, additional, Flamigni, Anna, additional, and Rossi, Marco, additional
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- 2006
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16. Analysis of gadobenate dimeglumine by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with electrospray-mass spectrometry
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Campa, Cristiana, primary, Rossi, Marco, additional, Flamigni, Anna, additional, Baiutti, Edi, additional, Coslovi, Anna, additional, and Calabi, Luisella, additional
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- 2005
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17. Determination of the diadic composition of alginate by means of circular dichroism: a fast and accurate improved method
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Donati, Ivan, primary, Gamini, Amelia, additional, Skjåk-Bræk, Gudmund, additional, Vetere, Amedeo, additional, Campa, Cristiana, additional, Coslovi, Anna, additional, and Paoletti, Sergio, additional
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- 2003
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18. Use of Capillary Electrophoresis for Polysaccharide Studies and Applications.
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Walker, John M., Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Gamini, Amelia, Coslovi, Anna, Rustighi, Isabella, Campa, Cristiana, Vetere, Amedeo, and Paoletti, Sergio
- Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) applications to charged polysaccharides are briefly reported. A simple procedure is presented to determine the esterification degree of a hyaluronan derivative. In this case, the degree of substitution was as low as 14%. The molecular weight distribution of mannuronic oligosaccharides mixture produced by hydrolysis of native polymannuronic is readily calculated from peak area of the species resolved by CE on the basis of a specific degree of polymerization. The influence of the applied electric field strength on the free solution mobility of hyaluronan samples is briefly addressed for molar masses of the order of 105 and 106 g/mol. The data are compared with the results obtained for a 50% galactose-substituted hyaluronic acid (HA). Mobility data obtained as a function of buffer pH for a native HA sample as well as for two galactose-amide HA derivatives, having slightly different degrees of substitution, are presented and discussed in terms of the polymer charge density parameters ξ. In most cases, more questions than answers arise from the application of CE to charged polysaccharides. However, perspectives are disclosed for a further understanding of the reliability of CE applied for the structural elucidation of such macromolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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19. Insightinto the Molecular Properties of Chitlac,a Chitosan Derivative for Tissue Engineering.
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D’Amelio, Nicola, Esteban, Carmen, Coslovi, Anna, Feruglio, Luigi, Uggeri, Fulvio, Villegas, Myriam, Benegas, Julio, Paoletti, Sergio, and Donati, Ivan
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- 2013
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20. Use of Capillary Electrophoresis for Polysaccharide Studies and Applications
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Amelia Gamini, Mila Toppazzini, Isabella Rustighi, Amedeo Vetere, Sergio Paoletti, Cristiana Campa, Anna Coslovi, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Gamini, Amelia, Coslovi, Anna, Toppazzini, Mila, Rustighi, Isabella, Campa, Cristiana, Vetere, Amedeo, and Paoletti, Sergio
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Molar mass ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Inorganic chemistry ,Polymer ,Degree of polymerization ,01 natural sciences ,Charged polysaccharides ,Hyaluronan ,Capillary electrophoresis ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electrophoresis ,Hydrolysis ,Molar mass distribution ,Charged polysaccharide ,Macromolecule - Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) applications to charged polysaccharides are briefly reported. A simple procedure is presented to determine the esterification degree of a hyaluronan derivative. In this case, the degree of substitution was as low as 14%. The molecular weight distribution of mannuronic oligosaccharides mixture produced by hydrolysis of native polymannuronic is readily calculated from peak area of the species resolved by CE on the basis of a specific degree of polymerization. The influence of the applied electric field strength on the free solution mobility of hyaluronan samples is briefly addressed for molar masses of the order of 10(5) and 10(6) g/mol. The data are compared with the results obtained for a 50% galactose-substituted hyaluronic acid (HA). Mobility data obtained as a function of buffer pH for a native HA sample as well as for two galactose-amide HA derivatives, having slightly different degrees of substitution, are presented and discussed in terms of the polymer charge density parameters xi. In most cases, more questions than answers arise from the application of CE to charged polysaccharides. However, perspectives are disclosed for a further understanding of the reliability of CE applied for the structural elucidation of such macromolecules.
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- 2016
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21. Insight into the molecular properties of Chitlac, a chitosan derivative for tissue engineering
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Luigi Feruglio, Myriam Villegas, Ivan Donati, Nicola D'Amelio, Carmen Esteban, Julio Benegas, Sergio Paoletti, Anna Coslovi, Fulvio Uggeri, D'Amelio, N., Esteban, C., Coslovi, Anna, Feruglio, Luigi, Uggeri, F., Villegas, M., Benegas, J., Paoletti, Sergio, and Donati, Ivan
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PARTICLE MESH EWALD ,Lactitol ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Biocompatibility ,FIBRONECTIN ,Biocompatible Materials ,Nuclear Overhauser effect ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Molecular dynamics ,LACTOSE-MODIFIED CHITOSAN ,ALKYL VINYL ETHERS ,DYNAMICS METHOD ,MALEIC ACID ,GALECTIN-1 ,NMR ,SIMULATIONS ,CHONDROCYTE ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Side chain ,Carbohydrate Conformation ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Tissue Engineering ,Temperature ,Carbon-13 NMR ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Solvent ,chemistry ,Solubility - Abstract
Chitlac is a biocompatible modified polysaccharide composed of a chitosan backbone to which lactitol moieties have been chemically inserted via a reductive N-alkylation reaction with lactose. The physical-chemical and biological properties of Chitlac that have been already reported in the literature suggest a high accessibility of terminal galactose in the lactitol side chain. This finding may account for its biocompatibility which makes it extremely interesting for the production of biomaterials. The average structure and the dynamics of the side chains of Chitlac have been studied by means of NMR (nuclear Overhauser effect and nuclear relaxation) and molecular dynamics to ascertain this hypothesis. A complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C NMR signals of the modified polysaccharide has been accomplished together with the determination of the apparent pKa values of the primary and secondary amines (6.69 and 5.87, respectively). NMR and MD indicated a high mobility of Chitlac side chains with comparable average internuclear distances between the two techniques. It was found that the highly flexible lactitol side chain in Chitlac can adopt two distinct conformations differing in the orientation with respect to the polysaccharide chain: a folded conformation, with the galactose ring parallel to the main chain, and an extended conformation, where the lactitol points away from the chitosan backbone. In both cases, the side chain resulted to be highly hydrated and fully immersed in the solvent.
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- 2013
22. Can the interaction between the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and alginate be exploited for the formulation of new biomaterials with antimicrobial properties?
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Renato Gennaro, Monica Benincasa, Mila Toppazzini, Sergio Paoletti, Anna Coslovi, Eleonora Marsich, Manuela Boschelle, Toppazzini, Mila, Coslovi, Anna, Boschelle, Manuela, Marsich, Eleonora, Benincasa, Monica, Gennaro, Renato, and Paoletti, Sergio
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Calcium alginate ,Polymers and Plastics ,antimicrobial peptide ,Organic Chemistry ,Antimicrobial peptides ,polysaccharides ,biomaterial ,Biomaterial ,LL-37 ,Peptide ,Polysaccharide ,Antimicrobial ,circular dichroism ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,polysaccharide ,Materials Chemistry ,alginate ,α-Helix ,Cytotoxicity ,Drug carrier - Abstract
In this study, we took advantage of the strong interaction between the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and anionic polysaccharides, such as alginate, to design and evaluate a new biomaterial with putative antibacterial properties. To begin with, we have investigated the effect of different biocompatible polysaccharides on both the cytotoxicity and the antimicrobial activity of LL-37, a powerful endogenous antimicrobial peptide of human origin, whose use in therapy has been hampered by its toxicity to host cells. Interactions of the peptide with polysaccharides were evaluated by circular dichroism analyses, which revealed a different capacity of the polymers to induce the active helical conformation in the peptide. Among the polysaccharides tested, sodium alginate was the only one that significantly reduced the toxicity of LL-37 toward mammalian cells. A sodium alginate/LL-37 preparation was then tested on four bacterial strains. The Gram-negative bacteria resulted susceptible to the mixture, while the growth of the Gram-positive ones was poorly affected and only at the highest peptide concentration tested. Following the positive results with Gram-negative species, the alginate/LL-37 binary system was used for the preparation of calcium alginate beads, which were tested for peptide release.
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- 2011
23. Capillary electrophoresis applied to polysaccharide characterization
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Sergio Paoletti, Anna Coslovi, Mila Toppazzini, Toppazzini M., Coslovi A., PAOLETTI S., Volpi, N, Toppazzini, Mila, Coslovi, Anna, and Paoletti, Sergio
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Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Polysaccharide ,Oligomer ,Biochemistry ,Biological application ,Capillary electrophoresis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polysaccharides ,Biological applications ,Biomedical applications ,Degradation mechanisms ,Glycosaminoglycans ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Complex matrix ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Biomedical application ,Degradation mechanism ,Characterization (materials science) ,Chain length ,Capillary electrophoresi ,Glycosaminoglycan ,Macromolecule - Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis is a consolidated analytical approach for the structural characterization of polysaccharide mono- and oligomer constituents, as demonstrated in this chapter, which surveys several applications of this technique on chemically and enzymatically degraded polysaccharides, covering the last 10 to 12 years. Capillary electrophoresis is also demonstrated to be highly reliable for determination of polysaccharides in biological samples, as it analyzes quite complex matrices even without any pretreatment, a distinctive feature with respect to other separative strategies. The versatility of this technique is clearly demonstrated by its potential in evaluating macromolecular features of polysaccharides, such as size (molecular weight, chain length), chain rigidity, charge density, and chemical modifications.
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- 2011
24. Micrometer-scale systems for regenerative medicine applications
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Toppazzini, Mila, Paoletti, Sergio, Skjak Braek, Gudmund, and Coslovi, Anna
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injectable bone filler ,BIO/10 BIOCHIMICA ,polysaccharides ,SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN BIOMEDICINA MOLECOLARE ,bioactive peptides - Abstract
2008/2009 La medicina rigenerativa applicata al campo ortopedico è considerata una possibile opzione terapeutica per la riparazione del tessuto osseo danneggiato. Si stanno studiano e sviluppando una gran varietà di sostituti ossei sintetici come valida alternativa agli innesti di tipo tissutale. Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è la progettazione e lo sviluppo di un materiale iniettabile per il riempimento dei difetti ossei. In particolare abbiamo sviluppato un riempitivo composito iniettabile usando materiali biodegradabili di tipo polisaccaridico funzionalizzati con elementi bioattivi come mediatori dell’adesione cellulare, fattori di crescita osteoinduttivi e peptidi di tipo antimicrobico. Il costrutto finale è un composito a due fasi, le cui parti, inizialmente, sono state sviluppate separatamente. La struttura è stata progettata come composta da una parte bioattiva, costituita da microsfere disidratate di alginato e idrossiapatite recanti peptidi, immersa in una matrice veicolante rappresentata da una soluzione concentrata di acido ialuronico. Con lo scopo di ottenere le microsfere bioattive, sono state esplorate diverse tecniche per la coniugazione peptide-polisaccaride e sono stati presi in considerazione svariati sistemi di rilascio di sequenze peptidiche. In particolare sono stati considerati tre peptidi noti per la loro bioattività: peptidi di tipo RGD, sequenza favorente l’adesione cellulare, un frammento della proteina BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) in grado di promuovere il differenziamento di cellule mesenchimali ad osteoblasti e LL-37 peptide antimicrobico umano. Per ottenere un costrutto con proprietà bioadesive, gli sforzi sono stati volti ad un miglioramento dell’interfaccia fra le sfere di alginato/idrossiapatite e il tessuto osseo. Questo è stato possibile immobilizzando sulla superficie delle sfere dei peptidi contenti la sequenza RGD e assicurandone il gusto orientamento ed un’alta resa di immobilizzazione. Dopo aver testato diverse strategie chimiche, l’immobilizzazione effettuata sfruttando la formazione di un ponte disolfuro fra ChitLac preventivamente modificato con gruppi tiolici e un peptide contenente un residuo di cisteina, è stata valutata come la miglior strategia in termini di resa di reazione; allo stesso tempo le microsfere funzionalizzate in questo modo hanno dimostrato un’alta capacità di promuovere l’adesione e la crescita di osteoblasti in esperimenti effettuati in vitro. Un altro importante tema ha riguardato l’incorporazione di un frammento della proteina BMP-2 nel costrutto al fine di promuovere il differenziamento e quindi la proliferazione cellulare. La sequenza temporale degli eventi fisiologici, ha suggerito lo sviluppo di un sistema che risulta essere la somma di due diverse strategie di rilascio: la prima caratterizzata dal semplice intrappolamento del peptide in un sistema di sfere di alginato capace di un rilascio veloce, ed il secondo caratterizzato da un rilascio lento e costante ottenuto grazie all’azione idrolitica di esterasi. Questo è stato possibile inserendo un legame enzimaticamente idrolizzabile nella struttura contenente il frammento di BMP. Questa seconda strategia ha sfruttato una chimica altamente selettiva quale la “click chemistry”. La sintesi della molecola spaziatrice recante un legame enzimaticamente idrolizzabile è stata effettuata partendo da un γ-valerolattone. Questo spaziatore è stato inoltre progettato per recare un gruppo terminale funzionale adeguato per le reazioni di click chemistry ed è stato legato al ChitLac. La reazione di cicloaddizone è stata poi effettuata fra il ChitLac funzionalizzato con lo spaziatore e il frammento di BMP anch’esso opportunamente funzionalizzato. L’idrolisi enzimatica è stata verificata, inoltre è stata eseguita un’esaustiva caratterizzazione tramite NMR ed elettroforesi capillare. E’ stata poi presa in considerazione l’incorporazione di peptidi antimicrobici nel costrutto. Partendo da dati di dicroismo circolare riguardanti l’influenza che alcuni polisaccaridi hanno sulla conformazione del peptide LL-37 in soluzione, è stata riconosciuta alla miscela LL- 37/alginato la capacità di modulare la citotossicità del peptide. La miscela ha inoltre dimostrato la capacità di mantenere l’attività antimicrobica su batteri Gram negativi e questo ci ha spinto a considerarne l’applicazione su costrutti solidi con finalità ortopediche. In quest’ambito è stato escluso, da esperimenti in vitro, un effetto causato dal semplice contatto fra cellule o batteri e una superficie di alginato caricato col peptide. L’unico possibile meccanismo di rilascio riscontrato in un costrutto di alginato/LL-37 è stato tramite la degradazione di questo. Infine, il costrutto è stato assemblato incorporando le microsfere disidratate in una soluzione concentrata di acido ialuronico, ottenendo un costrutto dall’aspetto simile ad una pasta che è in grado di facilitare il processo di iniezione del riempitivo. Misure di tipo reologico hanno indicato in incremento della componente viscoelastica aggiungendo il particolato nella soluzione di acido ialuronico, questo generalmente è associato ad una buona capacità di recuperare l’elasticità dopo l’iniezione il che è un requisito richiesto ai biomateriali usati come riempitivi ossei. I risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato l’applicabilità del composito come sostituto osseo dotato di proprietà bioattivite (osteoconduzione, osteoinduzione, bioadesività ed effetto antimicrobico su ceppi di tipo Gram negativo). Bone regenerative medicine is considered a potential therapeutic option for the healing of damaged bone tissue. A variety of synthetic bone graft substitutes have been investigated as alternative to current tissue based bone graft materials. In this study efforts have been made to achieve an injectable material to fill bone defects. We have designed composite injectable filler by using polysaccharides as biodegradable materials, and by functionalizing them with bioactive elements such as adhesion mediators, osteoinductive growth factors and anti-microbial peptides. The final construct is represented by a two-phase composite, whose parts have been initially built separately. The structure was thought as composed by bioactive alginate/hydroxyapatite dried microbeads functionalized with peptides, suspended in a concentrate hyaluronic acid solution as the matrix vehicle. With the aim to obtain bioactive alginate/HAp beads, different techniques of peptides-polysaccharides conjugation were considered and different peptide delivery systems were explored. In detail the peptides considered were three, the RGD active sequence with bioadhesive properties, a fragment of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) that promotes the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, and LL-37 a human antimicrobial peptide. In order to obtain a construct with bioadhesive properties, efforts have been made to improve the tissue-alginate/HAp beads interface by immobilizing RGD peptide sequence in a manner that assure the right motif orientation and high yields. After having tested various chemical strategies, the immobilization by disulfide bridge formation between a ChitLac previously modified with a thiol group and a peptide containing a cysteine residue was evaluated to be the best in terms of yield; at the same time μbeads functionalized in that way exhibit a very high osteoblast adhesion and growth promotion in in vitro experiments. Another important topic regarded the incorporation of BMP-2 epitope fragment into the construct, to enhance differentiation and proliferation. Time-tuned physiological functionality suggested the development of a system being the sum of two delivery strategies: the first characterized by simple entrapment in alginate beads for a fast burst release and the second one giving a slow and constant release, obtained by the action of bone esterases on an enzymatically cleavable linker. This second strategy exploited a high selective chemistry such as that of click reactions. Starting by a γ-valerolactone the synthesis of the enzymatically cleavable spacer was performed. The linker was designed to contain a final functional group for click chemistry. It was bound to ChitLac and then to a modified BMP fragment by a click reaction. Enzymatic cleavage was verified and an exhaustively characterization by means of NMR and capillary electrophoresis was performed. The incorporation of antimicrobial peptides was also taken into account. Starting from the information gained by circular dichroism data on the influence on LL-37 conformation given by several polysaccharides, an optimal modulation activity of the cytotoxic effect of LL-37 was found using the peptide/alginate mixture. The demonstrated maintenance of antimicrobial activity on Gram negative strains drove to an application on solid constructs for orthopaedic applications. An effect caused by the simple contact between cells or bacteria and alginate surface loaded with the peptide, was excluded by in vitro experiments. The only possible release mechanism that an LL-37/alginate construct was able to show was related to the degradation of this one. Finally, the whole construct was assembled by incorporating the dried microbeads in a concentrate hyaluronic acid solution, obtaining a paste-like construct that can facilitate the injectability of the particulate. Rheological measurements indicated an increment of the viscoelastic component by adding particulate into hyaluronate solution; this, generally, is associated to a good capacity to regain the elasticity after the injection, as expected for a biomaterial for bone filler applications. The results collected demonstrate the applicability of the obtained composite as bone graft substitute with bioactive properties (osteoinduction, osteoconduction, bioadhesivity and antibiotic effect on Gram negative strains). XXII Ciclo 1978
- Published
- 2010
25. Applicazioni della glicobiologia all'imaging molecolare
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Flamigni, Anna, Paoletti, Sergio, and Coslovi, Anna
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cartilagine ,galectine ,glicobiologia ,diagnostica ,BIO/10 BIOCHIMICA ,imaging ,SCIENZE BIOMOLECOLARI ,artrite ,polisaccaridi - Abstract
2007/2008 I carboidrati sono stati per molto tempo considerati molecole aventi solo funzioni di tipo strutturale e di riserva energetica per la cellula e non sembravano in alcun modo coinvolti nei processi che contribuiscono allo sviluppo di una cellula completamente funzionante. Nuove ed accurate ricerche hanno dimostrato il ruolo svolto dai carboidrati in numerosi processi biologici al punto che attualmente essi sono considerati la terza categoria di macromolecole con caratteristiche bio-informative. I carboidrati sono strutture che possono dare una quantità di informazioni estremamente elevata; l’innumerevole variabilità dei legami con cui le unità monosaccaridiche possono costituire strutture più complesse, permette ai carboidrati di utilizzare un linguaggio estremamente eloquente. Questo linguaggio ha preso il nome di Glicocodice. I decifratori del glicocodice sono tipicamente proteine leganti gli zuccheri chiamate lectine, caratterizzate da un’elevata specificità; lectine in grado di riconoscere in modo specifico unità beta-galattosidiche, chiamate galectine, risultano coinvolte in numerosi processi che regolano l’omeostasi cellulare, tra cui le interazioni cellula-cellula, cellula-matrice, ma anche i sistemi apoptotici ed il differenziamento cellulare. Inoltre esse risultano strettamente correlate con lo sviluppo di numerose patologie tra cui i tumori e le infiammazioni articolari come l’osteartrite e l’artrite reumatoide. In particolare, la galectina-1, molecola regolatrice pro-apoptotica, risulta sovraespressa nei pazienti affetti da artrite reumatoide. Al contrario, l’aumentata espressione della galectina-3 risulta essere un fattore rilevante per lo sviluppo di patologie osteoartritiche. Le convenzionali metodologie di indagine diagnostica per immagine sono purtroppo strumenti deboli per l’analisi di patologie croniche, in particolare risulta difficile la distinzione tra stadio acuto e cronico e l’identificazione di fasi iperacute. E’ per questo motivo che è così complessa la distinzione tra l’artrite reumatoide e le altre patologie osteoarticolari nelle prime fasi della malattia. La messa a punto di metodologie in grado di fornire una diagnosi precoce e precisa è dunque uno dei passi fondamentali nella lotta all’artrite reumatoide. Oggi sono disponibili test di tipo immunologico a livello sierico e tecniche di imaging in grado di dare alcune informazioni importanti sulla natura e sul decorso della malattia. Tuttavia questi risultano essere strumenti ancora carenti per una diagnosi precoce della patologia. Nella moderna era della medicina molecolare, terapie geniche e terapie cellulari potranno essere studiate direttamente e indirettamente tramite l’uso dell’ imaging molecolare. L’utilizzo di tecniche di imaging funzionale e molecolare assieme a strumenti di immagine anatomica, può indubbiamente incrementare la specificità e la sensibilità della diagnosi. Le procedure di indagine molecolare dovrebbero essere dunque considerate importanti strumenti complementari alle tecniche di indagine per immagini utilizzate correntemente in clinica. Nuovi mezzi di contrasto per MRI in grado di interagire a livello molecolare potranno dunque incrementare il potenziale di questa tecnica. Inoltre, l’emergere di nuove tecniche di diagnostica per immagini che utilizzano metodi ottici (fluorescenza e bioluminescenza), che sono attualmente di comune utilizzo in modelli animali in fase pre-clinica, sono in corso di sviluppo per la loro applicazione anche sull’uomo. Il presente progetto di dottorato ha avuto come obiettivo la messa a punto di un sistema diagnostico per immagini che permetta di individuare precocemente e con alta specificità la presenza di patologie artritiche infiammatorie, in modo tale da diagnosticare la malattia artritica nei primi stadi del suo sviluppo, ma anche di discriminarne la tipologia e la prognosi, al fine di poter applicare una corretta e tempestiva strategia terapeutica. Per realizzare tale obiettivo, nel corso del dottorato di ricerca, sono state sviluppate strategie sintetiche di nuovi mezzi di contrasto in grado di individuare markers specifici della patologia artritica, successivamente utilizzati su modelli cellulari e animali. In particolare, come bersaglio per tali mezzi di contrasto sono state individuate le galectine. Per ottenere l’interazione con le galectine i nuovi mezzi di contrasto devono contenere sonde per la diagnostica per immagini coniugate con strutture opportunamente modificate con ramificazioni di galattosio, al fine di permettere il legame selettivo alle galectine ed indicarne la presenza. Il progetto è stato articolato in due parti: Parte A, Analisi delle Patologie Articolari a Livello Molecolare. In questa fase sono stati sintetizzati complessi polimerici che potrebbero aiutare la comprensione dello sviluppo delle patologie articolari a livello molecolare. In particolare è stata effettuata la clusterizzazione di unità galattosidiche, note sonde biologiche per le galectine. La scelta delle strategie sintetiche è stata effettuata a partire dalla conoscenza del biopolimero Chitlac, composto le cui caratteristiche chimico/fisiche erano già ben note nel nostro laboratorio e a cui sono state riconosciute capacità di influenzare la crescita dei condrociti. Per meglio comprendere le interazioni e gli effetti di tale polisaccaride con molecole biologiche e colture cellulari, sono stati effettuati studi a livello molecolare e in vitro. In primo luogo si è quindi determinata la costante di affinità del Chitlac per le galectine-1 e -3, successivamente sono stati condotti studi di internalizzazione del Chitlac da parte di cellule presentanti un elevato numero di recettori per il galattosio (cellule di epatocarcinoma) e di condrociti primari, oggetto principale della nostra ricerca. I risultati ottenuti, hanno permesso di stabilire che il polisaccaride viene internalizzato negli epatociti in misura maggiore e in condrociti, in misura inferiore. Ne è seguito uno studio sull’effetto che il Chiltac svolge sul ciclo cellulare di tali cellule. Il risultato ottenuto ci ha indotti a pensare che il Chitlac sia in grado di interferire con le strutture che regolano il ciclo cellulare presumibilmente interferendo proprio con le galectine, proteine che controllano a monte l’espressione di proteine regolatrici dei checkpoint del ciclo cellulare. Questi risultati potrebbero finanche suggerire l’utilizzo del Chitlac non solo come sonda diagnostica ma anche some possibile agente terapeutico. Parte B, Analisi delle Patologie Artritiche a Livello Tissutale. Unità galattosidiche sono state ancorate a sonde per MRI, tra cui il DTPAGd (Magnevist®) presente in commercio e comunemente utilizzato in clinica, al fine di ottenere sonde maggiormente selettive nei confronti di patologie presentanti alterazioni dell’espressione di lectine. Come atteso, l’aggiunta dei gruppi ossidrilici dello zucchero ha portato ad un aumento dell’indice di relassività rispetto alla sonda commerciale con conseguente miglioramento dell’immagine MRI ottenuta dopo l’iniezione endovenosa del complesso di gadolinio. Infine, il Chitlac è stato utilizzato per evidenziare patologie artritiche in modelli animali tramite l’utilizzo dell’imaging ottico. A tale scopo, il polimero è stato coniugato con la sonda fluorescente Cy5.5. Le iniezioni intra-articolari del polimero hanno evidenziato le sole articolazioni patologiche, mentre il Chitlac è stato rapidamente allontanato dalle articolazioni sane. Una prima prova per via endovenosa ha inoltre permesso di verificare la permanenza nell’articolazione del polimero che dunque appare non subire un significativo sequestro da parte del fegato, come poteva essere ipotizzabile dai risultati ottenuti in vitro. Dagli studi condotti nel corso del presente progetto di tesi, è possibile concludere che la clusterizzazione del galattosio induce un incremento dell’affinità nei confronti delle galectine-1 e -3. Inoltre il polimero Chitlac (chitosano lattosilato) si è dimostrato in grado di interagire a livello cellulare al punto da influenzare il ciclo cellulare. Ulteriori studi potrebbero permettere una migliore comprensione di tali eventi. Infine, la possibilità di studiare condrociti derivanti da tessuti di articolazioni patologiche potrebbe permettere di valutare se in tali condizioni l’alterazione dell’espressione delle galectine possa essere tale da aumentare l’internalizzazione del polimero nelle cellule malate ed i suoi effetti sul ciclo cellulare. Studi preliminari in vivo su modelli di animale artritici, hanno permesso di evidenziare la permanenza del Chitlac nella articolazioni degli animali patologici, diversamente dagli animali sani, suggerendo un potenziale uso del polisaccaride nella discriminazione delle due tipologie di articolazione, effetto non evidenziabile con l’utilizzo di due polisaccaridi di controllo (chitosano e destrano), cioè privi del sostituente galattosio. XXI Ciclo 1976
- Published
- 2009
26. Polyol Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanism of Reduction by Alditol Bearing Polysaccharides
- Author
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Andrea Travan, Tommaso Scarpa, Alois Bonifacio, Valter Sergo, Sergio Paoletti, Chiara Pelillo, Ivan Donati, Anna Coslovi, Donati, Ivan, Travan, Andrea, Pelillo, Chiara, Scarpa, Tommaso, Coslovi, Anna, Bonifacio, Aloi, Sergo, Valter, and Paoletti, Sergio
- Subjects
Reaction mechanism ,silver nanoparticles ,Silver ,Polymers and Plastics ,Polymers ,Reducing agent ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Nanoparticle ,Bioengineering ,Silver nanoparticle ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sugar Alcohols ,Polyol ,Polysaccharides ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,Moiety ,Lactose-modified chitosan ,Bond cleavage ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,alditol oxidation ,SERS ,silver nanoparticle ,Silver nitrate ,chemistry ,Reducing Agents - Abstract
Alditol bearing chitosans have shown the ability to reduce silver ions in mild conditions and without addition of exogenous reducing agents. The ion reduction induces the formation of a lactone moiety on the polysaccharide (Fetizon reaction) without causing C-C bond cleavage on the polyol. The close and multivalent arrangement of the endogenous reducing agent (alditols) on the polysaccharide backbone resulted in the formation of silver nanoparticles (phi < 10 nm), which induced a considerable SERS effect and led to hydrogel formation.
- Published
- 2009
27. An Expeditious Synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid α-C-glycosyl derivatives ('α-C-Glycosides') from the Anomeric Acetates
- Author
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Gilles Doisneau, Anna Coslovi, Jean-Marie Beau, Adeline Malapelle, Malapelle, A, Coslovi, Anna, Doisneau, G, and Beau, J. M.
- Subjects
C glycosides ,Anomer ,Stereochemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Sialic acid ,Samarium ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ready to use ,Glycosyl ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,N-Acetylneuraminic acid ,Linker - Abstract
The reductive metallation of the readily available peracetylated derivatives of methyl N-acetylneuraminate 3a and 3b by samarium diiodide without any additive generates the corresponding anomeric samarium(III) organometallics. These intermediates react efficiently with carbonyl compounds under Barbier conditions, providing a fast synthesis of C-ketosides. The α- and β-acetates are equally effective, and excellent yields are obtained for coupling with cyclic ketones. The procedure has been conveniently applied to the synthesis of a C-ketoside of N-acetylneuraminic acid with an attached linker, ready to use as a building block in the elaboration of multivalent biological probes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
- Published
- 2007
28. Enzymatic synthesis of the Tn antigen
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Anna Flamigni, Amedeo Vetere, Fulvio Uggeri, Marco Rossi, Sergio Paoletti, Anna Coslovi, Cristiana Campa, Coslovi, Anna, Cristiana, Campa, Flamigni, Anna, Marco, Rossi, Vetere, Amedeo, Fulvio, Uggeri, and Paoletti, Sergio
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Kinetics ,Tn antigen ,Bioengineering ,α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase ,Acetylgalactosamine ,Oligosaccharide ,Enzymatic synthesi ,Biochemistry ,Catalysis ,Serine ,Enzymatic synthesis ,Capillary electrophoresis of oligosaccharides ,Capillary electrophoresis ,Yield (chemistry) ,Protecting group - Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of the Tn antigen (GalNAc-α- O -Ser), a glyco-aminoacid of great biological importance, is reported. The reaction was promoted by commercial α- N -acetylgalactosaminidase from Acremonium sp., using p -nitrophenyl-α- N -acetylgalactosamine as the donor. The kinetics were monitored by capillary electrophoresis and LC–UV-MS. For unprotected serine, the role of pH and temperature was investigated, finding that pH 5 and T = 18 °C gave the best yield. Under these conditions a significant increase of the reaction rate was observed in comparison with previous literature data, using unprotected serine. The role of the bulkiness of the serine protecting groups on the yield was additionally considered, as well as the kinetic profiles generated by the use of two differently protected aminoacids. By proper choice of the protecting group, the reaction yield then increased from 5% (with unprotected serine) to about 50% (with N -Boc and N -methoxycarbonyl serine).
- Published
- 2007
29. Overview on advances in capillary electrophoresis- mass spectrometry of carbohydrates: a tabulated review
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Anna Coslovi, Cristiana Campa, Marco Rossi, Anna Flamigni, Campa, C, Coslovi, Anna, Flamigni, A, and Rossi, M.
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,Glycoconjugate ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Analytical technique ,Carbohydrates ,Electrophoresis, Capillary ,Biochemistry ,Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry ,Mass Spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Drug Design ,Derivatization ,Statistical survey ,Food Analysis ,Glycoproteins - Abstract
The increasing interest for carbohydrates as holder of essential bioinformations has boosted their full characterization through analytical techniques. The intent of this review is to summarize the recent trends regarding on-line and off-line CE-MS coupling for carbohydrate analysis. A statistical survey on the articles that use derivatizing agents as well as on the analyzer and type of instrument coupling (i.e. on- or off-line) is depicted. From a general overview it can be concluded that, whereas derivatization might be useful for the detection of neutral carbohydrates improving separation selectivity with volatile buffers and increasing sensitivity of the MS detection, relatively few works with derivatized carbohydrates were found; this was noticed in particular for glycosides and saccharides carrying ionizable groups, which are normally analyzed without any chemical modification. The most applied coupling is the on-line sheath-liquid interface; for on-line applications, ESI is the sole source used, whilst the most common analyzer is the IT. MS(n) is often exploited, as fragmentation increases the achieved structural information. CE-MS turned out to be mainly used for the analysis of carbohydrates in drug development (i.e. study of oligosaccharides from pathogens, carbohydrate-based drugs and drug metabolites), in nutrition and for characterization of glycans from glycoproteins. The reader will find elucidating tables regarding these recent CE-MS applications, including the main information on the analysis conditions. Comments are meant to help the immediate focus on the usefulness of the analytical technique and predict the difficulties found during analysis and, in case, their overcoming.
- Published
- 2006
30. Separation of O- and C-allyl glycoside anomeric mixtures by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography
- Author
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Sergio Paoletti, Anna Coslovi, Ivan Donati, Cristiana Campa, Amelia Gamini, Amedeo Vetere, Marco Rossi, Rossi, M., Campa, C., Gamini, Amelia, Coslovi, Anna, Donati, Ivan, Vetere, Amedeo, and Paoletti, Sergio
- Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Time Factors ,Anomer ,C-Allyl glycoside ,O-Allyl glycoside ,Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography ,Reverse-phase liquid chromatography ,Buffers ,Biochemistry ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ,Analytical Chemistry ,Hydrophobic effect ,Capillary electrophoresis ,Organic chemistry ,Glycosides ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,Organic Chemistry ,Electrophoresis, Capillary ,Glycoside ,General Medicine ,Reversed-phase chromatography ,Allyl Compounds ,Electrophoresis ,chemistry - Abstract
Rapid and reliable methods for the analysis of O- and C-allyl galactopyranosides and glucopyranosides are presented, based on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC). In MEKC, the formation of chromophoric and charged complexes between the saccharides and borate as well as the hydrophobic interactions with micelles jointly contributed to the selective separation and sensitive detection of all the investigated anomeric couples. Some non-purified synthesis mixtures of C-allyl glycosides were successfully characterised without pre-treatment. MEKC buffer conditions for which glycosides separation was successfully achieved were then exported and applied to reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), for the quantitative isolation of each allyl glycoside anomer. Identification of the obtained anomeric products was performed by electrospray mass spectrometry and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Glycoside-solvent interactions driving the selective anomeric separation were shortly addressed and discussed on the basis of sugar derivatives structural differences.
- Published
- 2006
31. Analysis of gadobenate dimeglumine by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry
- Author
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Edi Baiutti, Anna Flamigni, Anna Coslovi, Cristiana Campa, Marco Rossi, Luisella Calabi, Campa, C, Rossi, M, Baiutti, E, Coslovi, Anna, and Flamigni, A.
- Subjects
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Electrospray ,Chromatography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Capillary action ,Gadolinium ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Analytical chemistry ,Electrophoresis, Capillary ,Reproducibility of Results ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ligands ,Mass spectrometry ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Biochemistry ,Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Electrophoresis ,Meglumine ,Capillary electrophoresis ,Spectrophotometry ,Organometallic Compounds ,medicine ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - Abstract
Highly reliable and accurate analytical methods are needed for the determination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents in complex matrices of clinical interest. We demonstrate the reliability of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the analysis of MultiHance (gadobenate dimeglumine), a gadolinium-based MRI agent. A sheath liquid interface connected the CE system with an electrospray mass spectrometer equipped with an ion-trap analyzer. CZE with ultraviolet (CZE-UV) and with mass detection (CZE-MS) were compared by analyzing gadobenate dimeglumine and the free ligand diluted in water and in biological fluids (i.e., human serum and urine). The optimization of some relevant CZE-MS parameters was accomplished, like CE buffer composition, sheath liquid composition and flow, and type and length of the separation capillary. CZE-UV was highly influenced by the biological sample components, which hindered a reliable quantification of both gadobenate and free ligand in serum and urine. In CZE-MS, on the other hand, the electrophoretic runs turned out to be independent of the clinical matrices, due to the informative potential and to the selectivity of MS detection.
- Published
- 2005
32. Galactose-Substituted Alginate, 2: Conformational Aspects
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Gudmund Skjak-Braek, Amelia Gamini, Ivan Donati, Sergio Paoletti, Cristiana Campa, Anna Coslovi, Amedeo Vetere, Donati, Ivan, Coslovi, Anna, Gamini, Amelia, Skjåk Bræk, G., Vetere, Amedeo, Campa, C., and Paoletti, Sergio
- Subjects
Circular dichroism ,Optical Rotation ,Polymers and Plastics ,Alginates ,Intrinsic viscosity ,Bioengineering ,Biomaterials ,Viscosity ,Glucuronic Acid ,Polymer chemistry ,Carbohydrate Conformation ,Materials Chemistry ,Persistence length ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Hexuronic Acids ,modified polymer ,glyconjugate ,CD ,Galactose ,Charge density ,Polymer ,Crystallography ,Ionic strength ,Radius of gyration - Abstract
Galactose moieties have been introduced on the uronic groups of alginates from different sources via an N-glycosidic bond, thus affecting the net charge on the polymer chain. The modified polymers have been analyzed by means of viscosity and of high-performance size-exclusion chromatography combined with refractive index multiple angle laser light scattering (HPSEC-RI-MALLS) measurements. The latter technique enabled us to determine the molecular weight of the modified polymers, proving that the synthetic procedure did not affect the chemical integrity of the chain. The intrinsic viscosity and the radius of gyration data showed that the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer chain varied with the degree and the pattern of substitution. In the presence of a relatively low galactose content (up to 19%), a decrease of the hydrodynamic dimensions of the coil was experienced, while on increasing the degree of substitution (especially on GG diads) a re-extension of the chain was discovered. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity at different values of the degree of dissociation have demonstrated that this effect cannot be solely explained by the reduction of the charge density of the polymer. Rather, it implies the occurrence of conformational changes of the chain that are specific to the chemical nature of the site of substitution. These data have been supported by the values of the persistence length of the natural and modified polymers obtained with the Doty-Benoit equation. The chiro-optical properties of the modified polymers studied by means of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy confirmed that conformational variations occurred to the polymeric chain upon introduction of galactose residues.
- Published
- 2004
33. Galactose-substituted alginate: preliminary characterization and study of gelling properties
- Author
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Amedeo Vetere, Ivan Donati, Cristiana Campa, Amelia Gamini, Gudmund Skjak-Braek, Sergio Paoletti, Anna Coslovi, Donati, Ivan, Vetere, Amedeo, Gamini, Amelia, SKJÅK BRÆK, G, Coslovi, Anna, Campa, C, and Paoletti, Sergio
- Subjects
Anomer ,Polymers and Plastics ,Alginates ,Swine ,Hexuronic Acids ,Chemical modification ,Galactose ,Bioengineering ,Glucuronic acid ,Polyelectrolyte ,Cell Line ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Glucuronic Acid ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Proton NMR ,Peptide bond ,Organic chemistry ,Animals ,Gels ,Carbodiimide - Abstract
Coupling of alginate with 1-amino-1-deoxygalactose in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide results in a substituted polymer containing galactose side linked via an amide bond. To clarify the degree and pattern of substitution, a (1)H NMR study on the anomeric region of modified alginate, polymannuronate, alginate enriched in guluronic acid (G-enriched alginate), and polyalternating MG, was carried out (G, alpha-l-guluronic acid; M, beta-d-mannuronic acid). From the resonance of the proton at position 1 of galactosylamine, it was possible to determine the amount of galactose linked to mannuronic and to guluronic residues, respectively. Furthermore, (1)H NMR spectroscopy revealed a higher reactivity of guluronic residues for low degrees of conversion. Modified alginates with 7% and 19% of substitution are both able to form stable beads in the presence of calcium ions. The effect of galactose substitution on the dimensions, swelling, and stability of the beads has been studied and the cytotoxicity of the modified polymer evaluated in preliminary biological tests.
- Published
- 2003
34. Use of capillary electrophoresis for polysaccharide studies and applications.
- Author
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Gamini A, Coslovi A, Rustighi I, Campa C, Vetere A, and Paoletti S
- Subjects
- Animals, Butyric Acid analysis, Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary, Electricity, Esters analysis, Hyaluronic Acid analysis, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Hydrolysis, Oligosaccharides analysis, Ultraviolet Rays, Electrophoresis, Capillary methods, Polysaccharides analysis
- Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) applications to charged polysaccharides are briefly reported. A simple procedure is presented to determine the esterification degree of a hyaluronan derivative. In this case, the degree of substitution was as low as 14%. The molecular weight distribution of mannuronic oligosaccharides mixture produced by hydrolysis of native polymannuronic is readily calculated from peak area of the species resolved by CE on the basis of a specific degree of polymerization. The influence of the applied electric field strength on the free solution mobility of hyaluronan samples is briefly addressed for molar masses of the order of 10(5) and 10(6) g/mol. The data are compared with the results obtained for a 50% galactose-substituted hyaluronic acid (HA). Mobility data obtained as a function of buffer pH for a native HA sample as well as for two galactose-amide HA derivatives, having slightly different degrees of substitution, are presented and discussed in terms of the polymer charge density parameters xi. In most cases, more questions than answers arise from the application of CE to charged polysaccharides. However, perspectives are disclosed for a further understanding of the reliability of CE applied for the structural elucidation of such macromolecules.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Galactose-substituted alginate 2: conformational aspects.
- Author
-
Donati I, Coslovi A, Gamini A, Skjåk-Braek G, Vetere A, Campa C, and Paoletti S
- Subjects
- Carbohydrate Conformation, Optical Rotation, Viscosity, Alginates chemistry, Galactose chemistry, Glucuronic Acid chemistry, Hexuronic Acids chemistry
- Abstract
Galactose moieties have been introduced on the uronic groups of alginates from different sources via an N-glycosidic bond, thus affecting the net charge on the polymer chain. The modified polymers have been analyzed by means of viscosity and of high-performance size-exclusion chromatography combined with refractive index multiple angle laser light scattering (HPSEC-RI-MALLS) measurements. The latter technique enabled us to determine the molecular weight of the modified polymers, proving that the synthetic procedure did not affect the chemical integrity of the chain. The intrinsic viscosity and the radius of gyration data showed that the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer chain varied with the degree and the pattern of substitution. In the presence of a relatively low galactose content (up to 19%), a decrease of the hydrodynamic dimensions of the coil was experienced, while on increasing the degree of substitution (especially on GG diads) a re-extension of the chain was discovered. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity at different values of the degree of dissociation have demonstrated that this effect cannot be solely explained by the reduction of the charge density of the polymer. Rather, it implies the occurrence of conformational changes of the chain that are specific to the chemical nature of the site of substitution. These data have been supported by the values of the persistence length of the natural and modified polymers obtained with the Doty-Benoit equation. The chiro-optical properties of the modified polymers studied by means of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy confirmed that conformational variations occurred to the polymeric chain upon introduction of galactose residues.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Galactose-substituted alginate: preliminary characterization and study of gelling properties.
- Author
-
Donati I, Vetere A, Gamini A, Skjåk-Braek G, Coslovi A, Campa C, and Paoletti S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Gels, Swine, Alginates analysis, Alginates chemistry, Galactose analysis, Galactose chemistry, Glucuronic Acid analysis, Glucuronic Acid chemistry, Hexuronic Acids analysis, Hexuronic Acids chemistry
- Abstract
Coupling of alginate with 1-amino-1-deoxygalactose in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide results in a substituted polymer containing galactose side linked via an amide bond. To clarify the degree and pattern of substitution, a (1)H NMR study on the anomeric region of modified alginate, polymannuronate, alginate enriched in guluronic acid (G-enriched alginate), and polyalternating MG, was carried out (G, alpha-l-guluronic acid; M, beta-d-mannuronic acid). From the resonance of the proton at position 1 of galactosylamine, it was possible to determine the amount of galactose linked to mannuronic and to guluronic residues, respectively. Furthermore, (1)H NMR spectroscopy revealed a higher reactivity of guluronic residues for low degrees of conversion. Modified alginates with 7% and 19% of substitution are both able to form stable beads in the presence of calcium ions. The effect of galactose substitution on the dimensions, swelling, and stability of the beads has been studied and the cytotoxicity of the modified polymer evaluated in preliminary biological tests.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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