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Correspondence and Opinion provide a ‘human voice,’ serving as the captivating elements that grab readers' attention and stimulate contemplation. The extent of ChatGPT's involvement in writing raises controversy. We tested ChatGPT's capability to generate readable Correspondence or Opinion, producing an English Opinion from a Japanese abstract. We also tasked ChatGPT with creating Correspondence and Reply for an English→German translated Opinion. Opinion, Correspondence, and Reply output here were found to be readable and reasonable. While preliminary, these results suggest that ChatGPT can generate such articles, prompting serious concern about AI taking over the ‘human voice.’ Some regulatory measures may be needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a general conception of levels in philosophy which says that the world is arrayed into a hierarchy of levels and that there are different modes of analysis that correspond to each level of this hierarchy, what can be labelled the ‘Hierarchical Correspondence View of Levels” (or HCL). The trouble is that despite its considerable lineage and general status in philosophy of science and metaphysics the HCL has largely escaped analysis in specific domains of inquiry. The goal of this paper is to take up a recent call to domain-specificity by examining the role of the HCL in cognitive science. I argue that the HCL is, in fact, a conception of levels that has been employed in cognitive science and that cognitive scientists should avoid its use where possible. The argument is that the HCL is problematic when applied to cognitive science specifically because it fails to distinguish two important kinds of shifts used when analysing information processing systems: shifts in grain and shifts in analysis. I conclude by proposing a revised version of the HCL which accommodates the distinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on an examination of a corpus comprising 244 letters authored by Chinese women residing in Wangxia, a rural district within Guangdong province, to their emigrant family members settled in Arizona, the United States from the 1910s to 1920s, this article posits that the phenomenon of being left-behind constituted a pivotal catalyst for the social and economic empowerment of women within rural contexts, fostering heightened self-awareness and autonomy. These accounts of their personal experiences, emotions, and reflections on gender relations document the awakening initiative and self-empowerment of ordinary women in the first half of the twentieth century. On the one hand, the absence of male authority in the family caused by the exclusive emigration of males out of villages created space and conditions for women’s independence and autonomy; on the other hand, transnational epistolary communications with emigrants empowered these women to control remittances and enabled them to increase their families’ fortunes, which further stimulated their desire for economic independence and education. These women’s letters offer rich historical testimony to the reality that an awareness of gender equality and female empowerment were the result of the Chinese women’s own initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point cloud registration is a crucial technique in photogrammetry, remote sensing, etc. A generalized 3D point cloud registration framework has been developed to estimate the optimal rigid transformation between two point clouds using 3D key point correspondences. However, challenges arise due to the uncertainty in 3D key point detection techniques and the similarity of local surface features. These factors often lead to feature descriptors establishing correspondences containing significant outliers. Current point cloud registration algorithms are typically hindered by these outliers, affecting both their efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, we propose a fast and robust point cloud registration method based on a compatibility graph and accelerated guided sampling. By constructing a compatible graph with correspondences, a minimum subset sampling method combining compatible edge sampling and compatible vertex sampling is proposed to reduce the influence of outliers on the estimation of the registration parameters. Additionally, an accelerated guided sampling strategy based on preference scores is presented, which effectively utilizes model parameters generated during the iterative process to guide the sampling toward inliers, thereby enhancing computational efficiency and the probability of estimating optimal parameters. Experiments are carried out on both synthetic and real-world data. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm achieves a significant balance between registration accuracy and efficiency compared to state-of-the-art registration algorithms such as RANSIC and GROR. Even with up to 2000 initial correspondences and an outlier ratio of 99%, our algorithm achieves a minimum rotation error of 0.737° and a minimum translation error of 0.0201 m, completing the registration process within 1 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the limitations of global feature-based deep learning point cloud registration algorithms in partial point cloud registration, this paper proposes a partial point cloud registration algorithm NcPE-PNLK combining global features and correspondence. The NcPE-PNLK algorithm introduces a feature interaction module to complete the information interaction between two point clouds in the feature extraction stage, which can improve the credibility of the feature. Moreover, the algorithm predicts the correspondence through the non-corresponding point estimation module, which reduces the influence of non-overlapping regions on the global feature and effectively solves the problem of performance degradation of the global feature registration algorithms in partial point cloud registration. We test the registration performance of NcPE-PNLK on synthetic scene dataset and real dataset in this paper. The experimental results show that NcPE-PNLK can effectively reduce the impact of non-overlapping regions in the registration process and achieve better performance compared with the global feature-based registration algorithms. In addition, compared with the correspondence-based registration algorithms, the NcPE-PNLK algorithm does not need to calculate correspondence precisely, which can achieve high-precision partial point cloud registration with guaranteed efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assimilation is a central phenomenon in phonology, yet there is little consensus on either its representation or computation. In particular, the empirical distinction between spreading (feature sharing) and correspondence (feature copying) is disputed. In this paper, I identify novel diagnostics from two interacting assimilation processes in San Francisco del Mar Huave (isolate: Mexico). First, vowel-copy epenthesis displays a previously unattested blocking pattern that is problematic for spreading, but predicted by feature-copying approaches like Agreement By Correspondence. Second, in CV agreement, I argue that only feature sharing driven by Dep and Specify constraints can insightfully account for the role of underspecification, which produces a range of directionality effects. Huave shows that both spreading and correspondence are needed in phonological theory, and also demonstrates that monolithically assimilation-mandating constraints like Agree can be decomposed to derive assimilation from the interaction of more elementary, independently motivated principles of markedness and faithfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comparative Literature / Primerjalna Književnost is the property of Slovenian Comparative Literature Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Methods Results Conclusion There are no criteria for what type of manuscript and to what extent ChatGPT use is permissible in writing manuscripts. I aimed to determine which, human or ChatGPT, writes more readable letters to the editor and whether ChatGPT writes letters mimicking a certain person. I aimed to provide hints as to what makes the difference between humans and ChatGPT.This is a descriptive pilot study. I tasked ChatGPT (version 3.5) with generating a disagreement letter to my previous article (Letter 0). I wrote a letter involving three weaknesses of the addressed article (Letter 1). I provided ChatGPT with these three weaknesses and tasked it with generating a letter (Letter 2). Then, I supplied my authored letters and tasked ChatGPT with emulating my writing style (Letter 3). Eight professors evaluated the letters' readability and ChatGPT assessed which letter was more likely to be accepted.ChatGPT produced coherent letters (Letters 0 and 2). Professors rated the readability of Letters 1 and 2 similarly, finding Letter 3 less readable. ChatGPT determined that the human‐authored Letter 1 had a slightly higher acceptance likelihood than the ChatGPT‐generated Letter 2. Although ChatGPT identified personal writing styles, its mimicry did not enhance the letter's quality.This preliminary experiment indicates that human‐written letters are perceived to be as readable as, or no less readable than, ChatGPT‐generated ones. It suggests that human touch, with its inherent enthusiasm, is essential for effective letter writing. Further comprehensive investigations are warranted to ascertain the extent to which ChatGPT can be used in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay I focus on the phenomenon of 'sitting down' in Keats's letters and poems. Sitting down, in Keats's personal interactions and poetics, has a range of connotations: these range from exercising individual, focused concentration on the task ahead, to enjoying companionable, shared creativity; from maintaining a certain bedside manner, to establishing a long-distance relationship with siblings; from reluctantly resigning oneself to an invalid existence, to summoning the resourceful energy to compose poetry. For Keats, the expression of sitting down points to the required stillness for the imagination to take flight in poetry, but it also features prominently in self-portrayals throughout his correspondence. This essay demonstrates how sitting down, for Keats, is a transformative act with far more dynamic connotations than is usually assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agora (0211-6642) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the concept of 'astral projection' in the letters of the Bluestocking intellectuals Elizabeth Montagu (1718–1800), Elizabeth Carter (1717–1806), and Catherine Talbot (1721–1770). By this term, I am referring to episodes in their correspondence in which they imaginatively project themselves into the physical presence of the letter's reader, or deploy images of death and haunting to poetically bridge social distance. Exploring this concept through the frameworks of Susan Lanser's engagement with Bluestocking Queerness, as well as the concept of material remediation of affect drawn from Sarah Ahmed and others, I would like to address this technique as a device for the affective bridging of distance, as well as exploring the central case study of Elizabeth Montagu's use of astral projection in her letters to Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, Henry Home, Lord Kames, in which astral projection is utilised to bridge not just physical distance, but the barriers of social status, and Montagu's own outsider status from Scottish Enlightenment philosophical circles. Ultimately, I argue that astral projection acts as a synecdoche for the familiar letter as a uniquely transformative textual space, in which meanings of all kinds are renegotiated and redefined, including the meaning of distance and separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slovenská Literatúra: Revue Pre Literárnu Vedu is the property of Institute of Slovak Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the correspondence between Viennese women’s rights activist and editor of the monthly magazine Neues Frauenleben Auguste Fickert (1855 – 1910) and Pressburg journalist Elsa Grailich (1880 – 1969), shedding light on the lesser-known Grailich’s role. Their letters, spanning 1907 to 1910, reveal the early phase of the bourgeois women’s movement in Pressburg and the strategic communication between the capital and the periphery. Grailich’s involvement in the women’s and labour movements shaped her intellectual development and social engagement, particularly in maternity protection and proletarian issues. Her critique of local conditions, including chauvinism and clericalism, highlights the challenges faced in realizing progressive ideas. Despite frustrations, the correspondence provided vital moral support, blurring the lines between private and professional spheres. Grailich’s life and work offer a fascinating glimpse into local and superregional contexts of the women’s movement.

The article examines A. Blok’s response to a questionnaire of the Union of Fiction Figures (UFF), written in May 1918 for a one-day newspaper on the theme “The Ways for the Revival of Russia” (not published). The analysis of the state of the issue reveals insufficient study level of the history of the text and contradictory information about it in the research literature. The article proposes to analyze Blok’s note in the context of his attitude to the UFF in 1918 on the material of unknown correspondence between Union activists (F. Sologub, S. Kondurushkin, An. Chebotarevskaya, etc.). The published set of letters for the first time makes it possible to concretize the history of the making of UFF, to reconstruct the main idea of the newspaper, and the reasons that prevented its implementation. It turns out that in addition to objective reasons (closing of non-Bolshevik publications, problems with printers), there were also internal ones, in particular, the refusal of the newspaper editor to further edit because of the heterogeneity of the collected material. The article assumes that Blok’s note played no last role in this decision since the poet deliberately contradicted the main idea of the newspaper by replacing the survey question “What should a Russian citizen do now?” with the one “What should an artist do now?” The presented research proves that Blok’s “answer” was of polemical way, firstly, towards the creative intelligentsia protesting against the Bolsheviks; and secondly, towards the writers who declared a boycott of him after the publishing of his poem “The Twelve.”

The article analyzes the correspondence between L. N. Tolstoy and M. N. Katkov, which has not yet been studied and commented on in detail in science. The author of the article consistently presents the history of interaction between correspondents, reveals the context of the correspondence, and shows the difficulties that arose during communication and their reasons. There is a difference in the worldview andcharacters of the writer andthe publisher; however, several factors particularly attracted Tolstoy to Katkov and his publications in the late 1850s and early 1860s. The article states a certain conditional dependence of the writer on the editor and comprehends the possible influence of Katkov’s newspaper and journal on Tolstoy in different periods. For Tolstoy, Katkov, throughout the entire period of their communication, continued to remain the most public person, a leader and at the same time serving the public, but Tolstoy needed his work and capabilities precisely to communicate with a wide audience.

Leopardi's didn’t neglect properly editorial and book aspects of his literary work. In this context, it becomes significant to conduct in-depth research aimed at reconstructing the author's publishing habits. In his Epistolario, Leopardi talks to printers, publishers and cultural organizers, but also with friends and relatives, recipients of recounts and comments on some episodes of his experience in the world of printing. Through letters it is possible to identify the peculiar position of Leopardi as a writer within the Italian publishing and tipographical scene.

Through an examination of their personal letters, this article explores the ways in which seventeenth- and eighteenth-century gentry parents responded to the illnesses of their children. Correspondence was the lifeblood of elite families in this period, as members were increasingly peripatetic and regularly separated from one another. It was also the primary method by which parents communicated with their adult children who had established households of their own. Illness was one of the key subjects of such letters. The paper approaches childhood as a relational, continuous state and uses relative age and social rank, often overlooked in favour of gender in scholarship on early modern sickness and domestic medicine, as categories of analysis. Through close reading and application of literary, sociological, and historical understandings of both letter-writing and experiences of illness, it argues that parental letters about health had specific strategies and implications. Mothers and fathers intervened in the physical condition of their offspring throughout their lives. Their diverse reactions to news of poor health, from concern, advice, and sympathy to admonition and frustration, served various functions at different stages of the life-course. Parents fulfilled their duties, such as protection, discipline, and education, remotely via correspondence about health. Concurrently, they allowed space for negotiation of their own and their children’s identities and emotions, particularly during transitional phases such as young adulthood. By considering the ways in which parent-child dynamics shifted in response to the challenges and opportunities presented by illness, this study untangles one of the many points of connection between family, health, and epistolary culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1953 there was a projected collaboration between Dylan Thomas and Igor Stravinsky: an opera whose libretto was to be written by the poet and set to music by the composer. Unfortunately, due to Thomas’s death that same year, this plan never materialised. The aim of this article is to offer a detailed exploration of the context within which this project originated and what it entailed for the poet, especially in relation to the direction where Thomas’s work was taking him before his death. The opera with Stravinsky could have been the culmination of the poet’s work inasmuch as it brought together his love of sound, rhythm and music, the horror of the war, his fascination with language and the near-extinction of human life. Moreover, the artists were able to exchange a series of letters before Thomas’s death. The second contribution of our article is the publication of Stravinsky’s letters to Thomas, which have not been previously published. Whilst the narrative of their encounters and relationship has been shaped in certain ways by different writers, a close examination of the primary source materials—the accounts of friends, the content of the letters and the circumstances in which they were written—help shed light on this highly promising, but uncompleted, project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article represents the transcript of a 2022 witness seminar on the theme of members of the British public writing to politicians. Collectively, the witnesses have experience of this issue dating from the early 1970s through to the present day. Angie Williams shares her experience of handling correspondence for Ed Miliband and Jeremy Corbyn as leaders of the Labour Party. Lord Kinnock (Neil Kinnock) describes what it was like to receive correspondence both as an MP and as Labour Party leader. David Beckingham relates his experience working in the Number 10 Political Office under Theresa May and Boris Johnson. Lord Parkinson (Stephen Parkinson) also gives a perspective on May, for whom he worked both at the Home Office and in Downing Street. Camilla Jequier explains her role dealing with correspondence for two Conservative MPs. The issues explored include attempts to use correspondence to measure public opinion, the shift from letters to email, gifts enclosed with letters, correspondents with mental health issues, death threats, and the emotional dimensions of correspondence. The witnesses had similar or overlapping experiences. There was agreement that correspondence is often misdirected or phrased in ways that are unlikely to be productive. This may point to a failure of citizenship education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is an invitation and a map. It is also an exhibition, and it is a provocation. The reader is directly addressed and invited to be implicated in a "we" that is repeatedly mentioned throughout the essay. In doing so, we might imagine study as something that moves us, transports us, and finds us thinking alongside one another, above, or under some place we may never have thought we would end up. Many things are left unfigured. It was never the author's intent to figure them out, but instead, here, we might try something different, something out of grasp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Law / Revista de Llengua i Dret is the property of Revista de Llengua i Dret and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over a decade ago, when I studied in my dissertation the lives of three world-renowned philosophers, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Georg Henrik von Wright, my main sources were their published biographies and memoirs. Later on, when I came across the correspondence between Wittgenstein and von Wright, and realised how frankly and spontaneously they wrote to each other, I was fascinated and convinced of their friendship. Not only were they colleagues with a similar cultural background, who understood each other and each other's work, but they also seemed to be trusted friends who freely shared their lives, fears, and joys in their letters. This paper sheds light on the surprising friendship of Wittgenstein and von Wright. It aims to show why they became friends by analysing their personalities, life choices and Wittgenstein's legacy to von Wright drawing mainly, but not exclusively, on their correspondence, thus giving space to their own voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correspondence of Carlo Cóccioli (1920-2003) traces the relationship among religiosity, male homosexuality, and urban sociability in the Mexican context, between 1954 and 1964. There are no publications on the impact that Cóccioli's work had on Mexican homosexual people, yet there was a dense network of circulation of ideas related to Cóccioli's denunciation of ecclesiastical hypocrisy and representation of homosexual love as a divine gift. The methodology consists of an interpretive reading that incorporates an analysis of significant historical and cultural frameworks to decipher the oblique meanings of these letters. Hence, the article demonstrates that there was a cultural current of resignification of Catholic symbology to celebrate homosexual experiences, and that the tension between pleasure and shame was one of the central axes in the experiences of homosexual men who were also believers. Well-off entendidos did not use a concept of pride centered on the visibility of their sexuality, rather they disdained the effeminacy and promiscuity of working-class jotos and vestidas but resorted to camp repertoires shared with these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is common to encourage people to envision life as a process of fulfilling their potential. But what exactly does this mean? Traditionally, this question has been addressed by way of 'complementarity'; dividing the human into biological and cultural components. Fulfilment is placed on the side of the cultural; an acquisition of encoded secondary information transmitted from predecessors that represents what it means 'to know'. Potential has been defined from the biological, as a suite of innate capacities localised to the mind and body, passed on through a mechanism of genetic inheritance. Founded upon a metaphor of inter-generational transmission, this perspective leads to a conceptualisation of life as a progressive closure, 'filling up' the biologically innate with the culturally acquired. However, despite its prominence, this static view leads to a troubling question: with one's potential fulfilled, where is one to go next? In this theoretical commentary, we offer an alternate, dynamical account of potential and fulfilment by leaning on Ingold's notion of wayfaring. From this perspective, life is not a process of being 'filled up' with secondary information, but of responsively 'opening up'; corresponding with varied experiences cast forward by others, as they to ours, situated within a continually unfolding field of relations. Ontologically, this view is of 'us', not as beings, but becomings, finding our way along generative paths inhabited alongside others. Knowledge is not transmitted inter-generationally, but is grown by primarily experiencing the coming-into-being of things we enter into correspondence with. Initiated through a prologue, these ideas are exemplified in sharing our storied journey as sport scientists in-becoming, following not objects of convention, but corresponding with things of curiosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Never has the domain of sports coaching been so inundated with secondary information. In high-performance contexts, for example, coaches are routinely presented with detailed reports specifying features about an athlete's or team's performance. Here, we question whether such detailed secondary information has led us to know too much, obscuring what the world has to share directly with us. To over-rely on secondary information is to narrow in on certainty, on cause-effects that are oft-espoused through de-contextualised 'performance' tests and metrics. This indirect approach eschews opening up to uncertainty, to ongoing inquiry embedded in primary experience. For where certainty risks closures, uncertainty opens to the possibility of carrying on with and alongside others. We explore this thesis through the reflections of an Olympic Canoe Slalom coach, meandering through three sections: (i) on paying attention; (ii) on knowing better; (iii) on guidance without specification. In presenting this thesis, we hope to encourage others - in sports coaching and beyond - to embrace an ethos of not-knowing, opening up to the 'goings on' of what interests them, actively attending and directly responding with genuine care and curiosity. Indeed, while embracing an ethos of not-knowing can be unsettling, vulnerably exposing oneself to changing power relations in a world perpetually on the move, it can facilitate primary experience of the surrounding ecology. The accompanying growth of responsiveness to one's surroundings emerges from listening to what it has share, joining in conversation to find ways of carrying on. It is in this responsiveness, we contend, that a wisdom can be found; a wisdom of not-knowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the relation between thinking and making in the context of chess. Historically, this relation has been examined through an intellectualist tradition, which reduces chess to a series of calculations, connected up and isolated to the mind of a master. Here, we speak to this tradition through the voice of a theorist, and suggest it is to put thinking ahead of making. What, though, if this relation was re-imagined? What if master chess players did their thinking, not before a move was made, but in the midst of its making? In response to these questions, we explore the conditions and potentials of chess spoken through the voice of a craftsperson. To do so, chess is first grounded, not intellectually, but ecologically. Then, weaving in Tim Ingold’s perspectives of making, we propose that the unfolding form of a game is attributed, not to the computations of a detached master, but to the attentive responsiveness of players attuned to the ebb and flow of a game, anticipating a way forward by looking, along with listening and feeling. This is to put thinking, not ahead of making, but in its midst. We round out by considering the attentive, corresponsive and temporal characteristics of chess situated as a crafted endeavour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay considers a painting from Rene Magritte, The Treachery of Images, also known as “This is not a pipe,” the translation of the prominent statement Ceci n’est pas une pipe in the painting, which Barbara Buttenfield had prominently placed in her University of Buffalo office. It is an iconic and surrealistic twentieth century artwork (with a second version), widely copied and readily available online. Its visual juxtaposition of a textual element and detailed realist painting of a classical smoker’s pipe can quickly become more than a surrealistic play with words and images and poignantly stimulates associations and disconnections between image and object, text and object, and text and image. Viewers can also see a relevance of this painting to a number of representational issues involving images and maps. However, I want to focus in this essay on just two questions: 1) why do people affirm the connections between graphical map images and graphics in light of a fundamental disconnection between map and the represented territory or objects and 2) how do people still find sense in maps after we acknowledge the limits of any sense of correspondence between map image and experienced geography? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article unpacks the archival, textual, and encoded layers that comprise the Maria Edgeworth Letters Project (MELP), an open-access digital archive containing the correspondence of the Anglo-Irish Regency author Maria Edgeworth and her circle. These layers reveal the impossibility of flattening or standardizing our work and instead advocate for a more inclusive and collaborative digital humanities model that accommodates both institutional and volunteer labor. Just as different methods were used to approach each archive and manage our project across multiple institutions, each transcription requires a different level of care, especially as various notes and collaborators are cited in the final project. Through the use of TEI, we can flexibly represent diverse aspects of each letter while still maintaining a database-readable structure. We endeavor to connect each person, place, or work identified in Edgeworth 's letters and our database to a larger network of linked data in order to place our project in conversation with other archival resources. For entities that are unidentified or unknown, we create new name authority files or produce internal data files that can be viewed by our collaborators and users. MELP 's flexible structure thus allows it to strive for interoperability while refusing to efface the individual traces of its collaborators, entities, and material artifacts. Our article describes how we are building the Maria Edgeworth Letters Project , an open-access archive containing Maria Edgeworth 's correspondence, tracing our steps including image retrieval and processing, metadata generation, transcription, linked open data, and TEI encoding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on written newspapers of the Saxon period has been ongoing for several decades. By looking at the avis from the perspective of their editors and purveyors, we get a fuller picture of the mentality of society. Elżbieta Sieniawska, née Lubomirska (d. 1729), Wife of the Castellan of Krakow and one of the most enterprising magnates at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, collected information through her intelligence services. Had it not been for their efforts and every attempt to provide the Krakow castellan with news, it is likely that Sieniawska would have had serious problems keeping her knowledge of the country and the world up to date. Distinguishing in the article the profiles of spies, postal workers and newspaper editors, the author shows not only previously unpublished facts from the life of the information services, but above all points to the dependencies between their services.

Aim: ChatGPT's role in medical writing is a topic of discussion. I experimented whether ChatGPT almost automatically generates Correspondence or Letter addressed to a "translated" article, and thereby wish to arouse discussion regarding ChatGPT use in medical writing. Methods: I input an English article of mine into ChatGPT, tasking it with generating an English Disagreement Letter (Letter 1). Next, I tasked ChatGPT with translating the manuscript addressed to from English‐French‐Spanish‐German. Then, I once again tasked ChatGPT with generating an English Disagreement Letter addressed to a German manuscript (triplicate translated manuscript) (Letter 2). Results: Letters 1 and 2 are readable and reasonable, shooting the point that the author (myself) felt as the weakness of the article. Letters addressed to French (single translation) and to Spanish (double translation) and longer Letters (corresponding to Letters 1 and 2) are also readable, and thus stand. Conclusions: Solely based on this experiment, one may be able to write a letter even without understanding the meaning of the paper being addressed, let alone the language of the paper. Although this humble experiment does not conclude anything, I plea for a comprehensive discussion on the implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is the first to introduce handwritten drafts of the letters of A.S. Suvorin (1834–1912), owner and publisher of the “Novoye vremya” newspaper, to D.S. Merezhkovsky. The letters, which remained in the newspaper’s archive, cover the period from 1901 to 1911 and can explain the reasons for Suvorin’s interest in the young writer. Merezhkovsky was one of the objects of his passion for talented people, which was recalled by contemporaries and which explains his relationship, in particular, with Anton Chekhov. Suvorin’s letters to Merezhkovsky express his views as a critic, publisher, and theater owner, exhibiting an awareness of circumstances, business sense, and broad knowledge. Appearing as a representative of the “old” literature, he showed a keen perception of the aspirations of the “new” one. Suvorin attempted to hold Merezhkovsky back from an ill-timed publication of his letter to “Novoye vremya” about L. Tolstoy (1901). He also made detailed comments about the drama “Paul I” and reacted sharply to Merezhkovsky’s quoting of his words in the article “Nationalism and Religion” (1911). Attempts to patronize Merezhkovsky and support his endeavors concluded in a conflict with him towards the end of Suvorin’s life. The publication of handwritten drafts of Suvorin’s letters fills certain gaps in the notions about his contacts with the Merezhkovskys. Suvorin’s correspondence also illuminates his personal features and helps to restore the details of the literary life in the first decade of the 20th century.

الملخص: يتناول البحث أسلوب المراسلة في نقوش الزبور بهدف تحليل بنية الرسالة وأساليبها النحوية والدلالية, والكشف عن مضمونها الاجتماعي والاقتصادي وقيمتها الحضارية في تاريخ اليمن القديم, وتعد الرسائل من أهم النقوش التي دُوِّنت بخط الزبور, وتكمن أهميتها في تناولها لعدد من الأمور المتعلقة بحياة الإنسان اليمني القديم الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والدينية، وكان لها أسلوب خاص في الكتابة والتركيبة اللغوية؛ إذ احتوت على أساليب عدة في العنوان والتحية والمضمون والخاتمة, علاوة على احتوائها الكثير من الظواهر والدلالات النحوية لاسيما استخدامها لضمائر المتكلم والمخاطب, وأفعال الأمر والمضارع التي تخلو منها نقوش المسند, وقد بينت الرسائل مدى الترابط الاجتماعي في اليمن القديم؛ وذلك من خلال التراسل بين جميع أفراد المجتمع سواء كان بين أفراد وجماعات أم بين جماعات وأفراد أم فيما بين القبائل أيضًا, كما بينت الرسائل الدور الكبير للمرأة في المراسلة والتراسل وتلقي الرسائل ومشاركتها للرجل في كافة الجوانب لاسيما الاجتماعية والاقتصادية منها, وهذا دليل على مدى التطور الحضاري والاجتماعي الذي وصل إليه الإنسان اليمني القديم. Abstract: This research deals with the style of correspondence in the Zabur inscriptions. It aims to analyze the structure of the letter, its syntactic and semantic approaches, and reveal its social and economic content and its cultural value in the ancient history of Yemen. The Letters are among the most important texts that were recorded in the Zabur script. Their importance lies in their dealing with many social, economic and religious aspects of the ancient Yemeni people's lives. It had a special writing style and linguistic structure. It contained several patterns of the title, salutation, content, and conclusion. It also contained a lot of grammatical and semantic phenomena, particularly the use of first- and second- person pronouns, imperative verbs, and the present tense, which are not found in Al-Musnad texts. The letters explained the extent of the social correlations in ancient Yemen through correspondence between all of the society members, whether individuals and groups, groups and individuals, or also between the tribes. The letters showed the great role woman play in correspondence, whether in sending and receiving letters or participating in all social and economic aspects of life alongside man. This is evidence of the great extent of civilization and social development of the ancient Yemeni people.

In 2023 Alkhathami and colleagues from the Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences highlighted the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s transformative upgrades across various sectors, notably including enhancements to the healthcare system, and called for action to extend these upgrades to the military healthcare field. Prompted by this call to action, the leadership of the military healthcare system swiftly commenced initiatives, acting in less than three months from this pivotal appeal. In January 2023 the first author ordered a decree via the General Directorate of Armed Forces Medical Services of Saudi Arabia, in collaboration with US central Command and international partners, to host the 3rd International Conference of Military Medicine. The event graciously welcoming more than 1000 military representatives from 20 participating nations. The Military Medical Conference, fostering a global military community dialogue on the necessity to explore collective capacities to endure and overcome humanitarian challenges, thereby sustaining health, promoting well-being, and nurturing life through strategies that align with the insights of Alkhathami et al. (2023). The response and the need underlined by the original article are discussed by the Major General, staff of the Saudi Military Medical Services and academics from the University of Sharjah.

In a paper recently published in Nature Medicine, Fukumoto et al. tried to assess the government-led school closure policy during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. They compared the reported incidence rates between municipalities that had and had not implemented school closure in selected periods from March–May 2020, where they matched for various potential confounders, and claimed that there was no causal effect on the incidence rates of COVID-19. However, the effective sample size (ESS) of their dataset had been substantially reduced in the process of matching due to imbalanced covariates between the treatment (i.e. with closure) and control (without closure) municipalities, which led to the wide uncertainty in the estimates. Despite the study title starting with “No causal effect of school closures”, their results are insufficient to exclude the possibility of a strong mitigating effect of school closure on incidence of COVID-19. In this replication/reanalysis study, we showed that the confidence intervals of the effect estimates from Fukumoto et al. included a 100% relative reduction in COVID-19 incidence. Simulations of a hypothetical 50% or 80% mitigating effect hardly yielded statistical significance with the same study design and sample size. We also showed that matching of variables that had large influence on propensity scores (e.g. prefecture dummy variables) may have been incomplete.

With the development of 3D matching technology, point cloud registration (PCR) based on corresponding points has received increasing attention in the field of computer vision. Unfortunately, 3D keypoint technology inevitably produces a large number of outliers. To solve the problems of poor stability, low efficiency and the high number of iterations required to calculate the accepted solution of random sampling consistency (RANSAC) and its variants under a high outlier rate, a streamlined progressive sample consensus (SPROSAC) algorithm is proposed in this paper. SPROSAC is an improved estimator of progressive sample consensus that guides the sampling process by increasing the use of 3D point cloud surface information and optimizes the model verification process based on registration error decision acceptance. Compared to classic RANSAC-family algorithms, SPROSAC has a greater probability of obtaining an accepted solution more quickly. The experiments demonstrate that SPROSAC achieves significantly smaller and more stable registration errors with fewer iterations across three datasets. In the performance experiments based on evaluation metrics such as recall, 1-precision, and F1 score for inlier classification, SPROSAC demonstrates the best performance across the three datasets, with outlier rates exceeding 95%. Furthermore, we propose a coarse–fine PCR algorithm based on SPROSAC and ICP to address the issues of high initialization requirements, susceptibility to local optima, and low efficiency in traditional ICP algorithms. The experimental results of coarse–fine registration show that our algorithm provides initial values for the ICP, which can reduce the number of iterations of the ICP by 50%, 64.4%, and 57.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of faception and its indication of reality is one of the most important issues among philosophers since the beginning of philosophical thinking. Mirza Javad Maleki Tabrizi is one of the thinkers and mystics who has expressed valuable opinions in this regard. Although at first glance, his views may be somewhat different from the famous epistemological theories, they enjoy features that are worthy of consideration from a scientific and technical point of view. Some of the exclusive features of his epistemological system are as follows: lack of full understanding of the realities of the natural world due to the errors in sensory faceptions, unity between the knower and the known, belief in the multiplicity of a single object of faception for different faceiving subjects, negation of the external existence for (material) bodies due to the multiplicity of faceptions from a single object of faception, taking all human faceptions to occur in the existential realm of the human soul, explaining faception as a factor for explaining the quality of the soul and not as an expression of the quality of the external object of faception, considering the quality of human faception to be dependent on the existential level of the knower.Using these principles, Mirza denies the correspondence between mental object of faception and external object of faception and basically deems such a correspondence unnecessary.  This article aims to introduce and analyze the views of Mirza Javad Maleki Tabrizi about faception and it indication of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Critical Language & Literary Studies / Naqd-i Zabān va Adabīyyāt-i Khārijī is the property of Shahid Beheshti University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Through access to the Gabriel García Márquez correspondence between 1961 and 1971, it is now possible an understanding of what the author named the destiny of his "epistolary literature": that of the demythologization of his work and his lifetime. Far from being dissappointing, the end result is an adjacent version of myths and stories told over the decades, a version in the double genre of testimony and nonfiction. Three myths are intended to be dispelled: that of the pauperized writer, One Hundred Years of Solitude as a spontaneous generation work and the self-proclaimed anti-intelectualism of the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Francisco Gomes de Amorim (1827-1891), a Portuguese writer who emigrated to Amazonia in 1837, he lived several experiences that were later reported on his literary production and in the various contributions he made to periodicals, as well as in correspondence exchanges with his contemporaries. According to a compilation carried out by Costa Carvalho (2000), and in files available in Póvoa de Varzim, we can affirm that Gomes de Amorim had a broad vision on the themes he favored. Acording to a possible perspective for the 19th century, the author brought to light discussions that were boiling at that time, such as the social inequalities he experienced in Amazonia and the experience of Portuguese emigration to Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]