8 results on '"Correctional Facilities trends"'
Search Results
2. The growing geriatric prison population: A dire public health consequence of mass incarceration.
- Author
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Williams B, DiTomas M, and Pachynski A
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Correctional Facilities trends, Geriatrics trends, Prisoners statistics & numerical data, Public Health trends
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Supporting Nurses in Provincial Corrections.
- Author
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Ogilvie L
- Subjects
- Correctional Facilities organization & administration, Humans, Ontario, Social Support, Correctional Facilities trends, Nurses psychology
- Abstract
The Ministry of the Solicitor General is responsible for Ontario's 25 provincial prisons. On any given day, there are approximately 6,400 persons detained in provincial custody in Ontario, with many staying less than three days., (Copyright © 2021 Longwoods Publishing.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The cumulative risk of jail incarceration.
- Author
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Western B, Davis J, Ganter F, and Smith N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Black or African American psychology, Correctional Facilities trends, Crime statistics & numerical data, Crime trends, Hispanic or Latino psychology, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Middle Aged, Minority Groups psychology, Models, Theoretical, New York City epidemiology, Prevalence, Prisoners psychology, Prisoners statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Crime psychology, Criminals psychology, Jails trends
- Abstract
Research on incarceration has focused on prisons, but jail detention is far more common than imprisonment. Jails are local institutions that detain people before trial or incarcerate them for short sentences for low-level offenses. Research from the 1970s and 1980s viewed jails as "managing the rabble," a small and deeply disadvantaged segment of urban populations that struggled with problems of addiction, mental illness, and homelessness. The 1990s and 2000s marked a period of mass criminalization in which new styles of policing and court processing produced large numbers of criminal cases for minor crimes, concentrated in low-income communities of color. In a period of widespread criminal justice contact for minor offenses, how common is jail incarceration for minority men, particularly in poor neighborhoods? We estimate cumulative risks of jail incarceration with an administrative data file that records all jail admissions and discharges in New York City from 2008 to 2017. Although New York has a low jail incarceration rate, we find that 26.8% of Black men and 16.2% of Latino men, in contrast to only 3% of White men, in New York have been jailed by age 38 y. We also find evidence of high rates of repeated incarceration among Black men and high incarceration risks in high-poverty neighborhoods. Despite the jail's great reach in New York, we also find that the incarcerated population declined in the study period, producing a large reduction in the prevalence of jail incarceration for Black and Latino men., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Detention in Juvenile Correctional Facilities Is Associated with Higher Platelet Monoamine Oxidase B Activity in Males.
- Author
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Podobnik J, Nikolac Perkovic M, Nedic Erjavec G, Dodig Curkovic K, Curkovic M, Kovac V, Svob Strac D, Cusek M, Bortolato M, and Pivac N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Croatia epidemiology, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency psychology, Male, Monoamine Oxidase genetics, Blood Platelets metabolism, Correctional Facilities trends, Juvenile Delinquency trends, Monoamine Oxidase blood, Polymorphism, Genetic physiology
- Abstract
Juvenile delinquency is related to several biological factors, yet very few vulnerability biomarkers have been identified. Previous data suggest that the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) influences several personality traits linked to the propensity to engage in delinquent behavior. Building on this evidence, we assessed whether conduct disorder (CD), juvenile delinquency adjudications, or detention in a correctional facility were associated with either platelet MAO-B activity or the MAOB rs1799836 polymorphism. The study enrolled 289 medication-free male youths, including 182 individuals detained in a correctional facility (with or without a diagnosis of CD). Of the remaining 107 participants, 26 subjects had a diagnosis of CD, and 81 were mentally healthy controls. Platelet MAO-B activity was determined by spectrophotofluorometry, while MAOB rs1799836 was genotyped using qPCR. Platelet MAO-B activity, corrected for age and smoking, was significantly higher in juvenile detainees ( p < 0.001), irrespective of CD diagnosis. MAOB rs1799836 was not associated with platelet MAO-B activity or with detention in a correctional facility, CD diagnosis, or delinquent behavior. These data suggest that detention in a juvenile correctional facility increases platelet MAO-B activity in male adolescents. Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms and functional significance of MAO-B peripheral elevation in juvenile male detainees.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Jail diversion: the Miami model.
- Author
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Leifman S and Coffey T
- Subjects
- Community Integration trends, Community Mental Health Services trends, Florida, Forensic Psychiatry trends, Humans, Mental Health, Police trends, Community Mental Health Services methods, Correctional Facilities trends, Forensic Psychiatry methods
- Abstract
The Eleventh Judicial Circuit Criminal Mental Health Project (CMHP), located in Miami-Dade County, FL, was established in 2000 to divert individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI; eg, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression) or co-occurring SMI and substance use disorders away from the criminal justice system and into comprehensive community-based treatment and support services. The program operates two primary components: prebooking jail diversion consisting of Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training for law enforcement officers and postbooking jail diversion serving individuals booked into the county jail and awaiting adjudication. In addition, the CMHP offers a variety of overlay services intended to: streamline screening and identification of program participants; develop evidence-based community reentry plans to ensure appropriate linkages to community-based treatment and support services; improve outcomes among individuals with histories of noncompliance with treatment; and expedite access to federal and state entitlement benefits. The CMHP provides an effective, cost-efficient solution to a community problem and works by eliminating gaps in services, and by forging productive and innovative relationships among all stakeholders who have an interest in the welfare and safety of one of our community's most vulnerable populations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A brief history of the criminalization of mental illness.
- Author
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Dvoskin JA, Knoll JL, and Silva M
- Subjects
- Correctional Facilities history, Criminal Law history, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Mental Health trends, Correctional Facilities trends, Forensic Psychology history
- Abstract
This article traces the history of the way in which mental disorders were viewed and treated, from before the birth of Christ to the present day. Special attention is paid to the process of deinstitutionalization in the United States and the failure to create an adequately robust community mental health system to care for the people who, in a previous era, might have experienced lifelong hospitalization. As a result, far too many people with serious mental illnesses are living in jails and prisons that are ill-suited and unprepared to meet their needs.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Characterization of diverted buprenorphine use among adults entering corrections-based drug treatment in Kentucky.
- Author
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Smith KE, Tillson MD, Staton M, and Winston EM
- Subjects
- Adult, Analgesics, Opioid adverse effects, Analgesics, Opioid therapeutic use, Appalachian Region epidemiology, Buprenorphine adverse effects, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Kentucky epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Opiate Substitution Treatment psychology, Opioid-Related Disorders epidemiology, Opioid-Related Disorders psychology, Prescription Drug Diversion psychology, Self Medication psychology, Self Medication trends, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Buprenorphine therapeutic use, Correctional Facilities trends, Opiate Substitution Treatment trends, Opioid-Related Disorders drug therapy, Prescription Drug Diversion trends, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers trends
- Abstract
Background: Illicit, medically unsupervised use of buprenorphine (i.e., "diverted use") among vulnerable and underserved populations, such as corrections-involved adults, remains underexplored., Methods: Survey data (2016-2017) collected as part of a clinical assessment of incarcerated adults entering corrections-based substance use treatment in Kentucky were analyzed. For years examined, 12,915 completed the survey. Removing cases for participants who did not reside in Kentucky for >6 months during the one-year pre-incarceration period (n = 908) resulted in a final sample size of 12,007., Results: Over a quarter of the sample reported past-year diverted buprenorphine use prior to incarceration and 21.8 % reported use during the 30-days prior to incarceration, using 6.5 months and 14.3 days on average, respectively. A greater proportion of participants who reported diverted buprenorphine use had previously been engaged with some substance use treatment (77.0 %) and reported greater perceived need for treatment (79.4 %) compared to those who did not report use. Use was more likely among participants who were younger, white, male, and who reported rural or Appalachian residence. Diverted buprenorphine users also evidenced extensive polydrug use and presented with greater substance use disorder severity. Non-medical prescription opioid, heroin, and diverted methadone use were associated with increased odds of diverted buprenorphine use while kratom was not. Diverted methadone use was associated with a 252.9 % increased likelihood of diverted buprenorphine use., Conclusions: Diverted buprenorphine use among participants in this sample was associated with concerning high-risk behaviors and may indicate barriers to accessing opioid agonist therapies for corrections-involved Kentucky residents, particularly those in rural Appalachia., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Nothing declared., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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