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1. Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in The Gambia: 10 years of population-based surveillance

Author

Mackenzie, Grant A, Hill, Philip C, Jeffries, David J, Ndiaye, Malick, Sahito, Shah M, Hossain, Ilias, Uchendu, Uchendu, Ameh, David, Adeyemi, Oyedeji, Pathirana, Jayani, Olatunji, Yekini, Abatan, Baderinwa, Muhammad, Bilquees S, Ahameefula, Ebirim, Fombah, Augustin E, Adeshola, Banjo, Lobga, Babila G, Saha, Debasish, Mackenzie, Roslyn, Odutola, Aderonke, Plumb, Ian D, Akano, Aliu, Ebruke, Bernard E, Ideh, Readon C, Kuti, Bankole, Githua, Peter, Olutunde, Emmanuel, Ofordile, Ogochukwu, Green, Edward, Usuf, Effua, Badji, Henry, Ikumapayi, Usman NA, Manjang, Ahmed, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Nsekpong, E David, Jarju, Sheikh, Antonio, Martin, Sambou, Sana, Ceesay, Lamin, Lowe-Jallow, Yamundow, Fofana, Sidat, Jasseh, Momodou, Mulholland, Kim, Knoll, Maria, Levine, Orin S, Howie, Stephen R, Adegbola, Richard A, Greenwood, Brian M, and Corrah, Tumani

Published
2021
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3. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children of Rural Areas of The Gambia, 2008-2015

Author

Odutola, Aderonke, Bottomley, Christian, Zaman, Syed A., Lindsay, Jodi, Shah, Muhammed, Hossain, Ilias, Ndiaye, Malick, Osuorah, Chidebere D.I., Olatunji, Yekini, Badji, Henry, Ikumapayi, Usman N.A., Manjang, Ahmad, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Ceesay, Lamin, Jasseh, Momodou, Adegbola, Richard A., Corrah, Tumani, Hill, Philip C., Greenwood, Brian M., and Mackenzie, Grant A.

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus infections, Bacteremia, Pediatric diseases, Staphylococcus aureus, Blood tests, Meningitis, Pneumonia, Medical research, Epidemiology, Developing countries, Death, Rural areas, Intelligence gathering, Newborn infants, Infection, Children, Health
Abstract

In 2016, invasive bacterial diseases accounted for one quarter of the 5.6 million childhood deaths worldwide (1). Most invasive bacterial diseases occur in sub-Saharan Africa and other low- and middle-income [...]

Published
2019
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4. The path to longer and healthier lives for all Africans by 2030: the Lancet Commission on the future of health in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Agyepong, Irene Akua, Sewankambo, Nelson, Binagwaho, Agnes, Coll-Seck, Awa Marie, Corrah, Tumani, Ezeh, Alex, Fekadu, Abebaw, Kilonzo, Nduku, Lamptey, Peter, Masiye, Felix, Mayosi, Bongani, Mboup, Souleymane, Muyembe, Jean-Jacques, Pate, Muhammad, Sidibe, Myriam, Simons, Bright, Tlou, Sheila, Gheorghe, Adrian, Legido-Quigley, Helena, McManus, Joanne, Ng, Edmond, O'Leary, Maureen, Enoch, Jamie, Kassebaum, Nicholas, and Piot, Peter

Published
2017
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5. Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on pneumonia in The Gambia: population-based surveillance and case-control studies

Author

Mackenzie, Grant A, Hill, Philip C, Sahito, Shah M, Jeffries, David J, Hossain, Ilias, Bottomley, Christian, Uchendu, Uchendu, Ameh, David, Ndiaye, Malick, Osuorah, Chidebereh D, Adeyemi, Oyedeji, Pathirana, Jayani, Olatunji, Yekini, Abatan, Bade, Ahameefula, Ebirim, Muhammad, Bilquees S, Fombah, Augustin E, Saha, Debasish, Mackenzie, Roslyn, Plumb, Ian, Akano, Aliu, Ebruke, Bernard, Ideh, Readon C, Kuti, Bankole, Githua, Peter, Olutunde, Emmanuel, Ofordile, Ogochukwu, Green, Edward, Usuf, Effua, Badji, Henry, Ikumapayi, Usman N A, Manjang, Ahmad, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Nsekpong, E David, Jarju, Sheikh, Antonio, Martin, Sambou, Sana, Ceesay, Lamin, Lowe-Jallow, Yamundow, Sowe, Dawda, Jasseh, Momodou, Mulholland, Kim, Knoll, Maria, Levine, Orin S, Howie, Stephen R, Adegbola, Richard A, Greenwood, Brian M, and Corrah, Tumani

Published
2017
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6. Genetic Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in Africans: A Genome-Wide Scan

Author

Bellamy, Richard, Beyers, Nulda, Ruwende, Cyril, Gie, Robert, Samaai, Priscilla, Bester, Danite, Meyer, Mandy, Corrah, Tumani, Collin, Matthew, Camidge, D. Ross, Wilkinson, David, Helden, Eileen Hoal-Van, Whittle, Hilton C., Amos, William, and van Helden, Paul

Published
2000

7. Acceptability and feasibility of a screen-and-treat programme for hepatitis B virus infection in The Gambia: the Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa (PROLIFICA) study

Author

Lemoine, Maud, Shimakawa, Yusuke, Njie, Ramou, Taal, Makie, Ndow, Gibril, Chemin, Isabelle, Ghosh, Sumantra, Njai, Harr F, Jeng, Adam, Sow, Amina, Toure-Kane, Coumba, Mboup, Souleymane, Suso, Penda, Tamba, Saydiba, Jatta, Abdullah, Sarr, Louise, Kambi, Aboubacar, Stanger, William, Nayagam, Shevanthi, Howell, Jessica, Mpabanzi, Liliane, Nyan, Ousman, Corrah, Tumani, Whittle, Hilton, Taylor-Robinson, Simon D, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Mendy, Maimuna, and Thursz, Mark R

Published
2016
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8. Effect of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: a population-based surveillance study

Author

Mackenzie, Grant A, Hill, Philip C, Jeffries, David J, Hossain, Ilias, Uchendu, Uchendu, Ameh, David, Ndiaye, Malick, Adeyemi, Oyedeji, Pathirana, Jayani, Olatunji, Yekini, Abatan, Bade, Muhammad, Bilquees S, Fombah, Augustin E, Saha, Debasish, Plumb, Ian, Akano, Aliu, Ebruke, Bernard, Ideh, Readon C, Kuti, Bankole, Githua, Peter, Olutunde, Emmanuel, Ofordile, Ogochukwu, Green, Edward, Usuf, Effua, Badji, Henry, Ikumapayi, Usman N A, Manjang, Ahmad, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Nsekpong, E David, Jarju, Sheikh, Antonio, Martin, Sambou, Sana, Ceesay, Lamin, Lowe-Jallow, Yamundow, Jasseh, Momodou, Mulholland, Kim, Knoll, Maria, Levine, Orin S, Howie, Stephen R, Adegbola, Richard A, Greenwood, Brian M, and Corrah, Tumani

Published
2016
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9. A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat

Author

Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Romero, Diana, Kopka, Christopher J., Karim, Salim Abdool, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Almeida, Gisele, Baptista-Leite, Ricardo, Barocas, Joshua A., Barreto, Mauricio L., Bar-Yam, Yaneer, Bassat, Quique, Batista, Carolina, Bazilian, Morgan, Chiou, Shu-Ti, del Rio, Carlos, Dore, Gregory J., Gao, George F., Gostin, Lawrence O., Hellard, Margaret, Jimenez, Jose L., Kang, Gagandeep, Lee, Nancy, Matičič, Mojca, McKee, Martin, Nsanzimana, Sabin, Oliu-Barton, Miquel, Pradelski, Bary, Pyzik, Oksana, Rabin, Kenneth, Raina, Sunil, Rashid, Sabina Faiz, Rathe, Magdalena, Saenz, Rocio, Singh, Sudhvir, Trock-Hempler, Malene, Villapol, Sonia, Yap, Peiling, Binagwaho, Agnes, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, El-Mohandes, Ayman, Barreto, Mauricio, Abdulla, Salim, Addleman, Sarah, Aghayeva, Gulnara, Agius, Raymond, Ahmed, Mohammed, Ramy, Mohamed Ahmed, Aide, Pedro, Aleman, Soo, Alfred, Jean-Patrick, Ali, Shamim, Aliaga, Jorge, Aloudat, Tammam, Alqahtani, Saleh A., Al-Salman, Jameela, Amuasi, John H., Agrawal, Anurag, Anwar, Wagida, Araujo-Jorge, Tania, Artaza, Osvaldo, Asadi, Leyla, Awuku, Yaw, Baker, Michael, Barberia, Lorena, Bascolo, Ernesto, Belcher, Paul, Bell, Lizett, Benzaken, Adele, Bergholtz, Emil, Bhadelia, Nahid, Bhan, Anant, Bilodeau, Stephane, Bitrán, Ricardo, Bluyssen, Philomena, Bosman, Arnold, Bozza, Fernando A., Brinkmann, Melanie M., Brown, Andrew, Mellado, Bruce, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Bullen, Chris, Buonanno, Giorgio, Burgess, Rochelle, Butler, Matthew, Byakika-Kibwika, Pauline, Cabieses, Baltica, Carlsson, Gunilla, Cascini, Fidelia, Chabala, Chishala, Chakroun, Mohamed, Cheng, null, Chetty, Agnes, Chumachenko, Dmytro, Consalves, Gregg, Conway Morris, Andrew, Cordie, Ahmed, Corrah, Tumani, Crabtree-Ramírez, Brenda, Dashdorj, Naranjargal, Davidovitch, Nadav, de Souza, Luis Eugenio, Dhariwal, Akshay Chand, Druică, Elena, Ergonul, Onder, Erondu, Ngozi A., Essar, Mohammad Yasir, Ewing, Andrew, Fanjul, Gonzalo, Feierstein, Daniel, Feigl-Ding, Eric, Figueroa, Ramon, Figueroa, John Peter, Fisher, Dale, Flores, Walter, Forero-Peña, David A., Frumkin, Howard, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gandhi, Monica, Garcia, Patricia, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., García-Sastre, Adolfo, Garg, Suneela, Gbeasor-Komlanvi, null, Gershenson, Carlos, Gilada, Ishwar, Giovanella, Ligia, González, Marino, Green, Manfred S., Greenhalgh, Trisha, Griffin, Paul, Griffin, Stephen, Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Anand, Tanu, Guerra, Germán, Guinto, Renzo, Gujski, Mariusz, Guner, Rahmet, Hamdy, Adam, Hâncean, Marian-Gabriel, Haniffa, Abusayeed, Hartigan-Go, Kenneth Y., Hassan, Hoda K., Hay, Simon I., Heino, Matti T. J., Hel, Zdenek, Hotez, Peter, Hu, Jia, Hukić, Mirsada, IJsselmuiden, Carel, Iroko, Davidson, Iskarous, Maged, Izugbara, Chimaraoke, Jacobs, Choolwe, Jadad, Alejandro R., Jehan, Fyezah, Jordan, Ayana, Jroundi, Imane, Kain, Kevin, Kamberi, Fatjona, Karamov, Eduard, Karan, Abraar, Katz, Rebecca, Katzourakis, Aris, Kazembe, Abigail, Khamis, Faryal, Khamzayev, Komiljon, Khanyola, Judy, Khunti, Kamlesh, Kiguli-Malwadde, Elsie, Kim, Woo Joo, Kirenga, Bruce J., Klimovský, Daniel, Kmush, Brittany L., Knaul, Felicia, Kogevinas, Manolis, Kristensen, Frederik, Kumar, Dinesh, Kumar, Raman, Kvalsvig, Amanda, Lacerda, Marcus V., Lal, Arush, Lawton, Tom, Lemery, Jay, Leonardi, Anthony J., Li, Yuguo, Löttvall, Jan, Lounis, Mohamed, Maceira, Daniel, MacIntyre, C. Raina, Madani, Azzeddine, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, Malekzadeh, Reza, Choisy, Marc, Marcelin, Jasmine R., Marks, Guy B., Marr, Linsey, Marrazzo, Jeanne, Martina, Antonieta, Martín-Moreno, José M., Mateos, Carlos, Mayxay, Mayfong, Mazarati, Jean Bapiste, Mboup, Souleymane, McDonald, Jennifer, McMillan, Faye, Mechili, Enkeleint, Medici, Andre, Davis, Sarah L. M., Meier, Petra, Memish, Ziad A., Menon, Jaideep, Menon, Purnima, Mesiano-Crookston, Jonathan, Michie, Susan, Mikolasevic, Ivana, Milicevic, Ognjen, Mishra, Asit Kumar, Mohamed, Rahma, Mokdad, Ali H., Monroy-Valle, Michele, Morawska, Lidia, Moschos, Sterghios A., Motawea, Karam, Mousavi, Sayed Hamid, Mumtaz, Ghina, Munene, Peter K., Muñoz Almagro, Carmen, Muriuki, Janet, Muyingo, Sylvia, Naniche, Denise, Naylor, C. David, Ndembi, Nicaise, Nemec, Juraj, Nesteruk, Igor, Ngaruiya, Christine, Nguyen, Hung, Nikolova, Dafina, Nitzan, Dorit, Norheim, Ole, Noushad, Mohammed, Ntoumi, Francine, Nyborg, Gunhild Alvik, Ochodo, Eleanor, Odabasi, Zekaver, Okwen, Mbah Patrick, Olivia, Keiser, Ong, David S. Y., Opara, Ijeoma, Orozco, Miguel, Oshitani, Hitoshi, Pagel, Christina, Pai, Madhukar, Pálsdóttir, Björg, Papatheodoridis, Georgios, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Leigh, Jeanna Parsons, Pécoul, Bernard, Peichl, Andreas, Perez-Then, Eddy, Duc, Phuc Pham, Philippe, Cécile, Pineda Rojas, Andrea, Pladsen, Courtney, Pozniak, Anton, Quiroga, Rodrigo, Qureshi, Huma, Rampal, Sanjay, Ranney, Megan, Rathe, Laura, Ratzan, Scott, Raventos, Henriette, Rees, Helen, Reis, Renata, Ricciardi, Walter, Rizk, Nesrine, Robalo, Magda, Robertson, Eleanor, Robinson, Leanne, Rokx, Casper, Ros, Tamsin, Røttingen, John-Arne, Rubin, Meir, Ruxrungtam, Kiat, Sadirova, Shakhlo, Saha, Senjuti, Salgado, Nelly, Sanchez, Lizet, Sangaramoorthy, Thurka, Santamaria-Ulloa, Carolina, Santos, Renata, Sawaf, Bisher, Schneider, Matthias F., Schooley, Robert T., Sener, Alper, Sepulveda, Jaime, Shah, Jaffer, Shibani, Mosa, Shoib, Sheikh, Sikazwe, Izukanji, Šimaitis, Aistis, Gill, Amandeep Singh, Skhvitaridze, Natia, Sokolović, Milka, Solomon, Roma, Solórzano, Xavier, Springer, Sandra A., Šrol, Jakub, Staines, Anthony, Stelfox, Henry T., Strathdee, Steffanie, Sulaiman, Lokman Hakim, Sutton, Brett, Svanæs, Dag, Swed, Sarya, Sypsa, Vana, Sørensen, Kristine, Tajudeen, Raji, Tan, Amy, Tang, Julian, Tanner, Marcel, Sethi, Tavpritesh, Temmerman, Marleen, Than, Kyu Kyu, Tinto, Halidou, Tomètissi, Sênoudé Pacôme, Torres, Irene, Tshering, null, Tsiodras, Sotirios, Tsofa, Benjamin, Vahlne, Anders, Vargas, Juan Rafael, Bernal, Ivan Dario Velez, Ventura, Deisy, Vilasanjuan, Rafael, Vipond, Joe, Wamala-Andersson, Sarah, Wargocki, Pawel, West, Robert, Weyand, Angela, White, Trenton M., Wolff, Guntram, Yao, Maosheng, Yates, Christian A., Yeboah, Georgina, Yee-Sin, Leo, Yi, Siyan, Teo, Yik-Ying, Yong, Poovorawan, Zamora-Mesía, Victor, Øvrehus, Anne, 0000-0001-9618-2299, 0000-0002-4832-9564, 0000-0002-4986-2133, 0000-0003-0790-0506, 0000-0003-0875-7596, 0000-0002-6994-1891, 0000-0002-3869-615X, 0000-0001-5286-4044, 0000-0001-6203-1847, 0000-0002-0121-9683, 0000-0003-1793-6350, 0000-0003-2418-0037, 0000-0002-5095-748X, 0000-0003-4492-3256, 0000-0002-5964-8210, 0000-0002-6779-3151, 0000-0002-8074-4450, Lazarus, Jeffrey V [0000-0001-9618-2299], Romero, Diana [0000-0002-4832-9564], Karim, Salim Abdool [0000-0002-4986-2133], Abu-Raddad, Laith J [0000-0003-0790-0506], Bassat, Quique [0000-0003-0875-7596], Chiou, Shu-Ti [0000-0002-6994-1891], Gao, George F [0000-0002-3869-615X], Gostin, Lawrence O [0000-0001-5286-4044], Jimenez, Jose L [0000-0001-6203-1847], McKee, Martin [0000-0002-0121-9683], Oliu-Barton, Miquel [0000-0003-1793-6350], Pradelski, Bary [0000-0003-2418-0037], Rathe, Magdalena [0000-0002-5095-748X], Trock-Hempler, Malene [0000-0003-4492-3256], Yap, Peiling [0000-0002-5964-8210], Binagwaho, Agnes [0000-0002-6779-3151], Kamarulzaman, Adeeba [0000-0002-8074-4450], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Research Group of Nelli Hankonen, Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences, Academic Disciplines of the Faculty of Social Sciences, RS: CAPHRI - R2 - Creating Value-Based Health Care, International Health, Performance analysis and optimization of LARge Infrastructures and Systems (POLARIS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Internal Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, and Lazarus J. V., Romero D., Kopka C. J., Karim S. A., Abu-Raddad L. J., Almeida G., Baptista-Leite R., Barocas J. A., Barreto M. L., Bar-Yam Y., et al.

Subjects
Pandemics/economics, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences, COVID-19 Vaccines, Delphi Technique, General Science & Technology, International Cooperation, Temel Bilimler (SCI), ÇOK DİSİPLİNLİ BİLİMLER, Public Health/economics, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Humans, prevention and control, human, Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, Health Education, Pandemics, Multidisipliner, Organizations, Multidisciplinary, MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES, COVID-19/economics, Temel Bilimler, pandemic, Communication, Health Policy, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti, Doğa Bilimleri Genel, COVID-19, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Delphi study, NATURAL SCIENCES, GENERAL, N/A, Public Opinion, Government, Natural Sciences (SCI), Public Health, Natural Sciences
Abstract

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches , while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

Published
2022

11. Etiology of Kidney Diseases With Proteinuria in the Gambia/West Africa

Author

Vester, Udo, Fombah, Augustin, Hölscher, Maite, Garba, Danlami, Tapgun, Mary, N‘Jai, Pamela Collier, Mendy, Philipp, Bass, Gibril, Muhammad, Abdul K., Anderson, Suzanne T., Sanneh, Abdoulie, Onyeama, Charles, Helmchen, Udo, Bojang, Khalifa, Hoyer, Peter F., Corrah, Tumani, and Danlami, Garba

Subjects
kidney -- proteinuria—nephrotic syndrome -- kidney biopsy -- histology -- West Africa, Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin » Klinik für Kinderheilkunde II, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medizin, ddc:610
Abstract

In West Africa, kidney diseases are frequently seen, but diagnostic and therapeutic options are poor due to limited access to specialized facilities. To unravel the etiology and develop clinical guidelines, we collected clinical data and results of kidney biopsies in 121 pediatric and mostly young adult patients with edema and proteinuria in The Gambia. Workup included clinical examination, urine and serum analysis, and kidney biopsy findings. Selected cases were treated with steroids.ResultsThe median age was 14.9 years (range 1.8–52.0) at presentation. The most frequent underlying histologies were post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) in 38%, focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 30%, minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in 15%, and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) in 10% of cases. Patients with PIGN were significantly younger and had less proteinuria and higher serum albumin levels than the other three. Infected scabies was seen more often in cases with PIGN. Clinical parameters could not distinguish patients with FSGS, MCNS, and MGN. Steroid response was prompt in patients with MCNS (remission in 10/10 cases) compared to FSGS (4/19) and MGN (0/4). In summary, the clinical histopathological correlation allows a better approach to therapy and can be the basis for urgently needed interventional studies in steroid-resistant cases.

Published
2022

12. Etiology of Kidney Diseases With Proteinuria in the Gambia/West Africa

Author

Vester, Udo, primary, Fombah, Augustin, additional, Hölscher, Maite, additional, Garba, Danlami, additional, Tapgun, Mary, additional, N‘Jai, Pamela Collier, additional, Mendy, Philipp, additional, Bass, Gibril, additional, Muhammad, Abdul K., additional, Anderson, Suzanne T., additional, Sanneh, Abdoulie, additional, Onyeama, Charles, additional, Helmchen, Udo, additional, Bojang, Khalifa, additional, Hoyer, Peter F., additional, and Corrah, Tumani, additional

Published
2022
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19. Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in The Gambia: 10 years of population-based surveillance

Author

Gambia Pneumococcal Surveillance Group, Mackenzie, Grant A, Hill, Philip C, Jeffries, David J, Ndiaye, Malick, Sahito, Shah M, Hossain, Ilias, Uchendu, Uchendu, Ameh, David, Adeyemi, Oyedeji, Pathirana, Jayani, Olatunji, Yekini, Abatan, Baderinwa, Muhammad, Bilquees S, Ahameefula, Ebirim, Fombah, Augustin E, Adeshola, Banjo, Lobga, Babila G, Saha, Debasish, Mackenzie, Roslyn, Odutola, Aderonke, Plumb, Ian D, Akano, Aliu, Ebruke, Bernard E, Ideh, Readon C, Kuti, Bankole, Githua, Peter, Olutunde, Emmanuel, Ofordile, Ogochukwu, Green, Edward, Usuf, Effua, Badji, Henry, Ikumapayi, Usman Na, Manjang, Ahmed, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Nsekpong, E David, Jarju, Sheikh, Antonio, Martin, Sambou, Sana, Ceesay, Lamin, Lowe-Jallow, Yamundow, Fofana, Sidat, Jasseh, Momodou, Mulholland, Kim, Knoll, Maria, Levine, Orin S, Howie, Stephen R, Adegbola, Richard A, Greenwood, Brian M, and Corrah, Tumani

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Gambia introduced seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in August 2009, followed by PCV13 in May, 2011, using a schedule of three primary doses without a booster dose or catch-up immunisation. We aimed to assess the long-term impact of PCV on disease incidence. METHODS: We did 10 years of population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and WHO defined radiological pneumonia with consolidation in rural Gambia. The surveillance population included all Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance System residents aged 2 months or older. Nurses screened all outpatients and inpatients at all health facilities using standardised criteria for referral. Clinicians then applied criteria for patient investigation. We defined IPD as a compatible illness with isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or pleural fluid). We compared disease incidence between baseline (May 12, 2008-May 11, 2010) and post-vaccine years (2016-2017), in children aged 2 months to 14 years, adjusting for changes in case ascertainment over time. FINDINGS: We identified 22 728 patients for investigation and detected 342 cases of IPD and 2623 cases of radiological pneumonia. Among children aged 2-59 months, IPD incidence declined from 184 cases per 100 000 person-years to 38 cases per 100 000 person-years, an 80% reduction (95% CI 69-87). Non-pneumococcal bacteraemia incidence did not change significantly over time (incidence rate ratio 0·88; 95% CI, 0·64-1·21). We detected zero cases of vaccine-type IPD in the 2-11 month age group in 2016-17. Incidence of radiological pneumonia decreased by 33% (95% CI 24-40), from 10·5 to 7·0 per 1000 person-years in the 2-59 month age group, while pneumonia hospitalisations declined by 27% (95% CI 22-31). In the 5-14 year age group, IPD incidence declined by 69% (95% CI -28 to 91) and radiological pneumonia by 27% (95% CI -5 to 49). INTERPRETATION: Routine introduction of PCV13 substantially reduced the incidence of childhood IPD and pneumonia in rural Gambia, including elimination of vaccine-type IPD in infants. Other low-income countries can expect substantial impact from the introduction of PCV13 using a schedule of three primary doses. FUNDING: Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; UK Medical Research Council; Pfizer Ltd.

Published
2021

20. A global reference for human genetic variation

Author

Altshuler, David M., (Co-Chair), Durbin, Richard M., (Co-Chair, Principal Investigator), Donnelly, Peter, Green, Eric D., Nickerson, Deborah A., Boerwinkle, Eric, Doddapaneni, Harsha, Han, Yi, Korchina, Viktoriya, Kovar, Christie, Lee, Sandra, Muzny, Donna, Reid, Jeffrey G., Zhu, Yiming, Wang, Jun, (Principal Investigator), Chang, Yuqi, Feng, Qiang, Fang, Xiaodong, Guo, Xiaosen, Jian, Min, Jiang, Hui, Jin, Xin, Lan, Tianming, Li, Guoqing, Li, Jingxiang, Li, Yingrui, Liu, Shengmao, Liu, Xiao, Lu, Yao, Ma, Xuedi, Tang, Meifang, Wang, Bo, Wang, Guangbiao, Wu, Honglong, Wu, Renhua, Xu, Xun, Yin, Ye, Zhang, Dandan, Zhang, Wenwei, Zhao, Jiao, Zhao, Meiru, Zheng, Xiaole, Lander, Eric S., (Principal Investigator), Gabriel, Stacey B., (Co-Chair), Gupta, Namrata, Gharani, Neda, Toji, Lorraine H., Gerry, Norman P., Resch, Alissa M., Barker, Jonathan, Gil, Laurent, Hunt, Sarah E., Kelman, Gavin, Kulesha, Eugene, Leinonen, Rasko, McLaren, William M., Radhakrishnan, Rajesh, Roa, Asier, Smirnov, Dmitriy, Smith, Richard E., Streeter, Ian, Thormann, Anja, Toneva, Iliana, Vaughan, Brendan, Zheng-Bradley, Xiangqun, Bentley, David R., (Principal Investigator), Grocock, Russell, Humphray, Sean, James, Terena, Kingsbury, Zoya, Lehrach, Hans, (Principal Investigator), Sudbrak, Ralf, (Project Leader), Albrecht, Marcus W., Amstislavskiy, Vyacheslav S., Borodina, Tatiana A., Lienhard, Matthias, Mertes, Florian, Sultan, Marc, Timmermann, Bernd, Yaspo, Marie-Laure, Mardis, Elaine R., (Co-Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Wilson, Richard K., (Co-Principal Investigator), Fulton, Lucinda, Fulton, Robert, Ananiev, Victor, Belaia, Zinaida, Beloslyudtsev, Dimitriy, Bouk, Nathan, Chen, Chao, Church, Deanna, Cohen, Robert, Cook, Charles, Garner, John, Hefferon, Timothy, Kimelman, Mikhail, Liu, Chunlei, Lopez, John, Meric, Peter, O’Sullivan, Chris, Ostapchuk, Yuri, Phan, Lon, Ponomarov, Sergiy, Schneider, Valerie, Shekhtman, Eugene, Sirotkin, Karl, Slotta, Douglas, Zhang, Hua, Balasubramaniam, Senduran, Burton, John, Danecek, Petr, Keane, Thomas M., Kolb-Kokocinski, Anja, McCarthy, Shane, Stalker, James, Quail, Michael, Schmidt, Jeanette P., (Principal Investigator), Davies, Christopher J., Gollub, Jeremy, Webster, Teresa, Wong, Brant, Zhan, Yiping, Auton, Adam, (Principal Investigator), Campbell, Christopher L., Kong, Yu, Marcketta, Anthony, Yu, Fuli, (Project Leader), Antunes, Lilian, Bainbridge, Matthew, Sabo, Aniko, Huang, Zhuoyi, Coin, Lachlan J. M., Fang, Lin, Li, Qibin, Li, Zhenyu, Lin, Haoxiang, Liu, Binghang, Luo, Ruibang, Shao, Haojing, Xie, Yinlong, Ye, Chen, Yu, Chang, Zhang, Fan, Zheng, Hancheng, Zhu, Hongmei, Alkan, Can, Dal, Elif, Kahveci, Fatma, Garrison, Erik P., (Project Lead), Kural, Deniz, Lee, Wan-Ping, Leong, Wen Fung, Stromberg, Michael, Ward, Alistair N., Wu, Jiantao, Zhang, Mengyao, Daly, Mark J., (Principal Investigator), DePristo, Mark A., (Project Leader), Handsaker, Robert E., (Project Leader), Banks, Eric, Bhatia, Gaurav, del Angel, Guillermo, Genovese, Giulio, Li, Heng, Kashin, Seva, Nemesh, James C., Poplin, Ryan E., Yoon, Seungtai C., (Principal Investigator), Lihm, Jayon, Makarov, Vladimir, Clark, Andrew G., (Principal Investigator), Gottipati, Srikanth, Keinan, Alon, Rodriguez-Flores, Juan L., Rausch, Tobias, (Project Leader), Fritz, Markus H., Stütz, Adrian M., Beal, Kathryn, Datta, Avik, Herrero, Javier, Ritchie, Graham R. S., Zerbino, Daniel, Sabeti, Pardis C., (Principal Investigator), Shlyakhter, Ilya, Schaffner, Stephen F., Vitti, Joseph, Cooper, David N., (Principal Investigator), Ball, Edward V., Stenson, Peter D., Barnes, Bret, Bauer, Markus, Cheetham, Keira R., Cox, Anthony, Eberle, Michael, Kahn, Scott, Murray, Lisa, Peden, John, Shaw, Richard, Kenny, Eimear E., (Principal Investigator), Batzer, Mark A., (Principal Investigator), Konkel, Miriam K., Walker, Jerilyn A., MacArthur, Daniel G., (Principal Investigator), Lek, Monkol, Herwig, Ralf, Koboldt, Daniel C., Larson, David, Ye, Kai, Gravel, Simon, Swaroop, Anand, Chew, Emily, Lappalainen, Tuuli, (Principal Investigator), Erlich, Yaniv, (Principal Investigator), Gymrek, Melissa, Willems, Thomas Frederick, Simpson, Jared T., Shriver, Mark D., (Principal Investigator), Rosenfeld, Jeffrey A., (Principal Investigator), Montgomery, Stephen B., (Principal Investigator), De La Vega, Francisco M., (Principal Investigator), Byrnes, Jake K., Carroll, Andrew W., DeGorter, Marianne K., Lacroute, Phil, Maples, Brian K., Martin, Alicia R., Moreno-Estrada, Andres, Shringarpure, Suyash S., Zakharia, Fouad, Halperin, Eran, (Principal Investigator), Baran, Yael, Cerveira, Eliza, Hwang, Jaeho, Malhotra, Ankit, (Co-Project Lead), Plewczynski, Dariusz, Radew, Kamen, Romanovitch, Mallory, Zhang, Chengsheng, (Co-Project Lead), Hyland, Fiona C. L., Craig, David W., (Principal Investigator), Christoforides, Alexis, Homer, Nils, Izatt, Tyler, Kurdoglu, Ahmet A., Sinari, Shripad A., Squire, Kevin, Xiao, Chunlin, Sebat, Jonathan, (Principal Investigator), Antaki, Danny, Gujral, Madhusudan, Noor, Amina, Ye, Kenny, Burchard, Esteban G., (Principal Investigator), Hernandez, Ryan D., (Principal Investigator), Gignoux, Christopher R., Haussler, David, (Principal Investigator), Katzman, Sol J., Kent, James W., Howie, Bryan, Ruiz-Linares, Andres, (Principal Investigator), Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., (Principal Investigator), Devine, Scott E., (Principal Investigator), Abecasis, Gonçalo R., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Kang, Hyun Min, (Project Leader), Kidd, Jeffrey M., (Principal Investigator), Blackwell, Tom, Caron, Sean, Chen, Wei, Emery, Sarah, Fritsche, Lars, Fuchsberger, Christian, Jun, Goo, Li, Bingshan, Lyons, Robert, Scheller, Chris, Sidore, Carlo, Song, Shiya, Sliwerska, Elzbieta, Taliun, Daniel, Tan, Adrian, Welch, Ryan, Wing, Mary Kate, Zhan, Xiaowei, Awadalla, Philip, (Principal Investigator), Hodgkinson, Alan, Li, Yun, Shi, Xinghua, (Principal Investigator), Quitadamo, Andrew, Lunter, Gerton, (Principal Investigator), McVean, Gil A., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Marchini, Jonathan L., (Principal Investigator), Myers, Simon, (Principal Investigator), Churchhouse, Claire, Delaneau, Olivier, Gupta-Hinch, Anjali, Kretzschmar, Warren, Iqbal, Zamin, Mathieson, Iain, Menelaou, Androniki, Rimmer, Andy, Xifara, Dionysia K., Oleksyk, Taras K., (Principal Investigator), Fu, Yunxin, (Principal Investigator), Liu, Xiaoming, Xiong, Momiao, Jorde, Lynn, (Principal Investigator), Witherspoon, David, Xing, Jinchuan, Browning, Brian L., (Principal Investigator), Browning, Sharon R., (Principal Investigator), Hormozdiari, Fereydoun, Sudmant, Peter H., Khurana, Ekta, (Principal Investigator), Hurles, Matthew E., (Principal Investigator), Albers, Cornelis A., Ayub, Qasim, Chen, Yuan, Colonna, Vincenza, Jostins, Luke, Walter, Klaudia, Xue, Yali, Abyzov, Alexej, Balasubramanian, Suganthi, Chen, Jieming, Clarke, Declan, Fu, Yao, Harmanci, Arif O., Jin, Mike, Lee, Donghoon, Liu, Jeremy, Mu, Xinmeng Jasmine, Zhang, Jing, Zhang, Yan, McCarroll, Steven A., (Principal Investigator), Hartl, Chris, Shakir, Khalid, Degenhardt, Jeremiah, Korbel, Jan O., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Meiers, Sascha, Raeder, Benjamin, Casale, Francesco Paolo, Stegle, Oliver, Lameijer, Eric-Wubbo, Ding, Li, (Principal Investigator), Hall, Ira, Lee, Charles, (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Bafna, Vineet, Michaelson, Jacob, Gardner, Eugene J., (Project Leader), Mills, Ryan E., (Principal Investigator), Dayama, Gargi, Chen, Ken, (Principle Investigator), Fan, Xian, Chong, Zechen, Chen, Tenghui, Eichler, Evan E., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Chaisson, Mark J., Huddleston, John, Malig, Maika, Nelson, Bradley J., Parrish, Nicholas F., Blackburne, Ben, Lindsay, Sarah J., Ning, Zemin, Zhang, Yujun, Lam, Hugo, Sisu, Cristina, Gibbs, Richard A., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Challis, Danny, Evani, Uday S., Lu, James, Nagaswamy, Uma, Yu, Jin, Li, Wangshen, Marth, Gabor T., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Habegger, Lukas, Yu, Haiyuan, (Principal Investigator), Cunningham, Fiona, Dunham, Ian, Lage, Kasper, (Principal Investigator), Jespersen, Jakob Berg, Horn, Heiko, Tyler-Smith, Chris, (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Gerstein, Mark B., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Kim, Donghoon, Desalle, Rob, Narechania, Apurva, Wilson Sayres, Melissa A., Bustamante, Carlos D., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Mendez, Fernando L., Poznik, David G., Underhill, Peter A., Coin, Lachlan, (Principal Investigator), Mittelman, David, Banerjee, Ruby, Cerezo, Maria, Fitzgerald, Thomas W., Louzada, Sandra, Massaia, Andrea, Ritchie, Graham R., Yang, Fengtang, Kalra, Divya, Hale, Walker, Dan, Xu, Flicek, Paul, (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Clarke, Laura, (Project Lead), Sherry, Stephen T., (Principal Investigator) (Co-Chair), Chakravarti, Aravinda, (Co-Chair), Knoppers, Bartha M., (Co-Chair), Barnes, Kathleen C., Beiswanger, Christine, Cai, Hongyu, Cao, Hongzhi, Henn, Brenna, Jones, Danielle, Kaye, Jane S., Kent, Alastair, Kerasidou, Angeliki, Mathias, Rasika, Ossorio, Pilar N., Parker, Michael, Rotimi, Charles N., Royal, Charmaine D., Sandoval, Karla, Su, Yeyang, Tian, Zhongming, Tishkoff, Sarah, Via, Marc, Wang, Yuhong, Yang, Ling, Zhu, Jiayong, Bodmer, Walter, Bedoya, Gabriel, Cai, Zhiming, Gao, Yang, Chu, Jiayou, Peltonen, Leena, Garcia-Montero, Andres, Orfao, Alberto, Dutil, Julie, Martinez-Cruzado, Juan C., Mathias, Rasika A., Hennis, Anselm, Watson, Harold, McKenzie, Colin, Qadri, Firdausi, LaRocque, Regina, Deng, Xiaoyan, Asogun, Danny, Folarin, Onikepe, Happi, Christian, Omoniwa, Omonwunmi, Stremlau, Matt, Tariyal, Ridhi, Jallow, Muminatou, Joof, Fatoumatta Sisay, Corrah, Tumani, Rockett, Kirk, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Kooner, Jaspal, Hiê`n, Trâ`n Tinh, Dunstan, Sarah J., Hang, Nguyen Thuy, Fonnie, Richard, Garry, Robert, Kanneh, Lansana, Moses, Lina, Schieffelin, John, Grant, Donald S., Gallo, Carla, Poletti, Giovanni, Saleheen, Danish, Rasheed, Asif, Brooks, Lisa D., Felsenfeld, Adam L., McEwen, Jean E., Vaydylevich, Yekaterina, Duncanson, Audrey, Dunn, Michael, Schloss, Jeffery A., and Yang, Huanming

Published
2015
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22. Immunogenic Mycobacterium africanum strains associated with ongoing transmission in The Gambia

Author

Gehre, Florian, Antonio, Martin, Otu, Jacob K., Sallah, Neneh, Secka, Oumie, Faal, Tutty, Owiafe, Patrick, Sutherland, Jayne S., Adetifa, Ifedayo M., Ota, Martin O., Kampmann, Beate, Corrah, Tumani, and de Jong, Bouke C.

Subjects
Gambia -- Health aspects, Mycobacterium -- Genetic aspects, Mycobacteria -- Genetic aspects, Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Distribution, Disease transmission -- Research, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by bacterial pathogens of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), is a major global health problem. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of TB per capita and the [...]

Published
2013
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23. Serogroup W135 meningococcal disease, The Gambia, 2012

Author

Hossain, M. Jahangir, Roca, Anna, Mackenzie, Grant A., Jasseh, Momodou, Hossain, Mohammad Ilias, Muhammad, Shah, Ahmed, Manjang, Chidiebere, Osuorah Donatus, Malick, Ndiaye, Bilquees, S.M., Ikumapayi, Usman N., Jeng, Baba, Njie, Baba, Cham, Mamady, Kampmann, Beate, Corrah, Tumani, Howie, Stephen, and D'Alessandro, Umberto

Subjects
Neisseria meningitidis -- Statistics, Disease transmission -- Research, Meningitis, Cerebrospinal -- Statistics, Health
Abstract

Meningococcal disease is endemic to the African 'meningitis belt'; outbreaks occur regularly (1,2). Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A causes most (80%) cases. However, during 2002-2003, serogroup W135 caused a major epidemic [...]

Published
2013
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24. Possible Reasons Why Sub-Saharan Africa Experienced a Less Severe COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020

Author

Oleribe,Obinna O, Suliman,Ahmed AA, Taylor-Robinson,Simon D, Corrah,Tumani, Oleribe,Obinna O, Suliman,Ahmed AA, Taylor-Robinson,Simon D, and Corrah,Tumani

Abstract

Obinna O Oleribe,1 Ahmed AA Suliman,2,3 Simon D Taylor-Robinson,4 Tumani Corrah5 1Office of the Director General, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yabba, Lagos, Nigeria; 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; 3Department of Cardiology, Shab Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan; 4Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital Campus, London, UK; 5Africa Research Excellence Fund, c/o MRC the Gambia Unit @ LSHTM, Fajara, The GambiaCorrespondence: Simon D Taylor-Robinson Email str338333@gmail.comAbstract: Both scientific authorities and governments of nations worldwide were found lacking in their COVID-19 response and management, resulting in significant distrust by the general public in 2020. Scientific and medical bodies often failed to give the right counsel on the appropriate course of action on COVID-19, because proven steps were not known, while many governments around the world took ineffective, late or inappropriate COVID-19 control and containment strategies. If the 2020 COVID-19 incidence rates are to be believed, much of sub-Saharan Africa had a lower disease prevalence than expected. We put forward six factors peculiar to much of sub-Saharan Africa that may have accounted for the pandemic landscape there in 2020. We also discuss why the situation has become more serious in 2021.Keywords: COVID-19, Africa, public health, multidisciplinary care, pandemic

Published
2021

26. Meeting oxygen needs in Africa: an options analysis from the Gambia/Repondre aux besoins en oxygene en Afrique: analyse des options pour la Gambie/Atender las necesidades de oxigeno en Africa: analisis de opciones en Gambia

Author

Howie, Stephen R.C., Hill, Sarah, Ebonyi, Augustine, Krishnan, Gautam, Njie, Ousman, Sanneh, Momodou, Jallow, Mariatou, Stevens, Warren, Taylor, Kevin, Weber, Martin W., Njai, Pamela Collier, Tapgun, Mary, Corrah, Tumani, Mulholland, Kim, Peel, David, Njie, Malick, Hill, Philip C., and Adegbola, Richard A.

Subjects
Decision-making -- Psychological aspects -- Research -- Health aspects -- Usage -- Comparative analysis, Oxygen consumption -- Health aspects -- Comparative analysis -- Research -- Usage -- Psychological aspects, Algorithms -- Usage -- Health aspects -- Psychological aspects -- Comparative analysis -- Research, Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Research -- Diagnosis -- Demographic aspects -- Care and treatment, Algorithm, Health
Abstract

Objective To compare oxygen supply options for health facilities in the Gambia and develop a decision-making algorithm for choosing oxygen delivery systems in Africa and the rest of the developing world. Methods Oxygen cylinders and concentrators were compared in terms of functionality and cost. Interviews with key informants using locally developed and adapted WHO instruments, operational assessments, cost-modelling and cost measurements were undertaken to determine whether oxygen cylinders or concentrators were the better choice. An algorithm and a software tool to guide the choice of oxygen delivery system were constructed. Findings In the Gambia, oxygen concentrators have significant advantages compared to cylinders where power is reliable; in other settings, cylinders are preferable as long as transporting them is feasible. Cylinder costs are greatly influenced by leakage, which is common, whereas concentrator costs are affected by the cost of power far more than by capital costs. Only two of 12 facilities in the Gambia were found suitable for concentrators; at the remaining 10 facilities, cylinders were the better option. Conclusion Neither concentrators nor cylinders are well suited to every situation, but a simple options assessment can determine which is better in each setting. Nationally this would result in improved supply and lower costs by comparison with conventional cylinders alone, although ensuring a reliable supply would remain a challenge. The decision algorithm and software tool designed for the Gambia could be applied in other developing countries. Objectif Comparer les options d'approvisionnement en oxygene qui s'offrent aux etablissements de soins de Gambie et developper un algorithme de prise de decisions pour guider le choix des systemes d'approvisionnement en oxygene en Afrique et dans le reste du monde en developpement. Methodes Les auteurs ont compare en termes de fonctionnalite et de cout les bouteilles et les concentrateurs d'oxygene. Ils ont interroge des informateurs cles en utilisant des instruments d'evaluation OMS mis au point et adaptes localement et realise des evaluations operationnelles, ainsi qu'une modelisation et des mesures des couts pour determiner le meilleur choix entre les bouteilles et les concentrateurs d'oxygene, lis ont elabore un algorithme et un outil logiciel pour guider la selection du systeme d'approvisionnement en oxygene. Resultats En Gambie, les concentrateurs d'oxygene presentent des avantages notables par rapport aux bouteilles lorsque I'alimentation electrique est fiable ; dans d'autres contextes, il est preferable de faire appel aux bouteilles dans la mesure ou leur transport est praticable. La presence de fuites, phenomene courant, influe fortement sur le cout des bouteilles, tandis que pour les concentrateurs, les couts energetiques sont de loin plus importants que les couts en capital. Sur les 12 etablissements gambiens, 2 seulement avaient interet d'apres l'etude a utiliser des concentrateurs ; pour les 10 autres, les bouteilles constituaient une meilleure option. Conclusion Ni les concentrateurs, ni les bouteilles ne conviennent a toutes les situations, mais une evaluation simple des options permet de determiner pour chaque contexte la meilleure solution. A l'echelle nationale, cette evaluation devrait conduire a une amelioration de I'approvisionnement et a une baisse des couts par rapport a la situation ou I'on utilise uniquement des bouteilles d'oxygene classiques, mais assurer un approvisionnement fiable devrait rester un defi. L'algorithme decisionnel et l'outil logiciel concus pour la Gambie devraient etre applicables dans d'autres pays en developpement. Objetivo Comparar las opciones de suministro de oxigeno para centros de salud en Gambia y desarrollar un algoritmo decisional para elegir los sistemas de suministro de oxigeno en Africa y en el resto del mundo en desarrollo. Metodos Se compararon la funcionalidad y el costo de las bombonas y los concentradores de oxigeno. Se Ilevaron a cabo entrevistas con informantes clave mediante instrumentos desarrollados localmente o adaptados a partir de otros de la OMS, evaluaciones operacionales, modelizaciones de costos y mediciones de costos a fin de determinar la mejor opcion entre las bombonas y los concentradores de oxigeno. Se desarrollo asi un algoritmo y un instrumento de software para fundamentar la eleccion dei sistema de suministro de oxigeno. Resultados En Gambia, los concentradores de oxigeno presentan ventajas importantes en comparacion con las bombonas alli donde el suministro electrico es fiable; en caso contrario, la opcion preferible son las bombonas, siempre y cuando sea factible transportarlas. El costo de las bombonas depende considerablemente de las fugas, un problema frecuente, mientras que el de los concentradores depende mucho mas del costo de la electricidad que de los gastos de infraestructura. Solo dos de los 12 centros de Gambia analizados reunian las condiciones idoneas para usar concentradores; en los otros diez centros, la mejor opcion eran las bombonas. Conclusion Ni los concentradores ni las bombonas son soluciones ideales para cualquier situacion, pero una simple evaluacion de esas dos opciones permite determinar cual es preferible en cada entorno. A nivel nacional, esa diferenciacion se traduciria en mejoras del suministro y menores costos en comparacion con el uso exclusivo de las bombonas convencionales, pero seguiria habiendo problemas para garantizar un suministro fiable. El algoritmo decisional y el instrumento de software concebidos para Gambia podrian aplicarse en otros paises en desarrollo., Introduction Acute respiratory infection, principally pneumonia, remains the leading cause of death in young children worldwide. (1-3) Case management of pneumonia is a key component of the WHO Integrated Management [...]

Published
2009

27. Presence of a multidrug-resistance mutation in an HIV-2 variant infecting a treatment-naive individual in Caio, Guinea Bissau

Author

Jallow, Sabelle, Vincent, Tim, Leligdowicz, Aleksandra, De Silva, Thushan, Van Tienen, Carla, Alabi, Abraham, Sarge-Njie, Ramu, Aaby, Peter, Corrah, Tumani, Whittle, Hilton, Jaye, Assan, Vanham, Guido, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, and Janssens, Wouter

Subjects
Drug resistance -- Research, Gene mutations -- Research, HIV (Viruses) -- Genetic aspects, HIV (Viruses) -- Research, Disease transmission -- Research, Antiviral agents -- Usage, Antiviral agents -- Health aspects, Health, Health care industry
Published
2009

29. A Gambian infant with fever and an unexpected blood film

Author

Howie, Stephen, Guy, Malcolm, Fleming, Louise, Bailey, Wendi, Noyes, Harry, Faye, Joseph Axel, Pepin, Jacques, Greenwood, Brian, Whittle, Hilton, Molyneux, David, and Corrah, Tumani

Subjects
Fever in children -- Case studies
Abstract

DESCRIPTION of CASE The patient, a two-month-old Gambian infant, was one of twins born in November 2003. In the latter part of her pregnancy, the patient's mother went to stay [...]

Published
2006

30. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and tuberculin skin test in healthy children exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis

Author

Hill, Philip C., Brookes, Roger H., Adetifa, Ifedayo M.O., Fox, Annette, Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Donkor, Simon A., Marshall, Roger J., Howie, Stephen R.C., Corrah, Tumani, Jeffries, David J., Adegbola, Richard A., and McAdam, Keith P.W.J.

Subjects
Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Care and treatment, Tuberculin test -- Analysis
Abstract

OBJECTIVE. To compare the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay with the tuberculin skin test (TST) in children for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the Gambia. METHODS. We divided child contacts of sputum smear-positive tuberculosis cases into 3 age categories ( RESULTS. In child contacts of 287 cases, 225 (32.5%) of 693 were positive by TST and 232 (32.3%) of 718 by ELISPOT. The overall agreement between tests was 83% and the discordance was not significant. Both tests responded to the M tuberculosis exposure gradient in each age category. The percentage of those who were TST positive/ELISPOT negative increased with increasing exposure. At the lowest exposure level, the percentage of ELISPOT-positive children who were TST negative was increased compared with the highest exposure level. Neither test had evidence of false positive results because of BCG. CONCLUSIONS. In Gambian children, the ELISPOT is slightly less sensitive than the TST in the diagnosis of M tuberculosis infection from recent exposure, and neither test is confounded by prior BCG vaccination. Evidence of reduced TST sensitivity in subjects with the lowest known recent M tuberculosis exposure suggests that, when maximal sensitivity is important, the 2 tests may be best used together. Key Words tuberculin skin test, ELISPOT, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Abbreviations TST--tuberculin skin test BCG--Bacille Calmette Guerin ESAT-6--early secretory antigenic target 6 CFP-10--culture filterate protein 10 ELISPOT--enzyme-linked immunospot MRC--Medical Research Council SFU--spot forming units OR--odds ratio CI--confidence interval TUBERCULOSIS IN [...]

Published
2006

31. Elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease from The Gambia after the introduction of routine immunisation with a Hib conjugate vaccine: a prospective study

Author

Adegbola, Richard A., Secka, Ousman, Lahai, George, Lloyd-Evans, Nellie, Njie, Alpha, Usen, Stanley, Oluwalona, Claire, Obaro, Stephen, Weber, Martin, Corrah, Tumani, Mulholland, Kim, McAdam, Keith, Greenwood, Brian, and Milligan, Paul J.M.

Subjects
Vaccination -- Patient outcomes, Hemophilus influenzae -- Prevention, Children -- Diseases, Children -- Observations
Published
2005

32. Quantitative T cell assay reflects infectious load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an endemic case contact model

Author

Hill, Philip C., Fox, Annette, Jeffries, David J., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Owiafe, Patrick K., Donkor, Simon A., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Corrah, Tumani, Adegbola, Richard A., McAdam, Keith P.W.J., and Brookes, Roger H.

Subjects
T cells -- Research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Risk factors, Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Care and treatment, Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Health, Health care industry
Published
2005

33. Body mass index at time of HIV diagnosis: a strong and independent predictor of survival

Author

Sande, Marianne A. B. van der, Loeff, Maarten F. Schim van der, Aveika, Akum A., Sarge-Njie, Ramu, Corrah, Tumani, Whittle, Hilton C., Jaye, Assan, Alabi, Abraham, Sabally, Saihou, and Todun, Toyin

Subjects
HIV infection -- Diagnosis, HIV patients -- Care and treatment, Body mass index -- Research, Antiviral agents -- Research, Health
Abstract

The study assessed how well body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) predicts survival, as identification of basic prognostic indicators of HIV infection is essential before widespread antiretroviral therapy can be implemented in low-technology settings. It is found that BMI at diagnosis is a strong, independent predictor of survival in HIV-infected patients in West Africa, and BMI may also prove as a useful guide for deciding when to initiate antiretroviral therapy.

Published
2004

34. Large-scale evaluation of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection against a gradient of exposure in the Gambia

Author

Hill, Philip C., Brookes, Roger H., Fox, Annette, Fielding, Katherine, Jeffries, David J., Jackson-Sillah, Dolly, Lugos, Moses D., Owiafe, Patrick K., Donkor, Simon A., Hammond, Abdulrahman S., Otu, Jacob K., Corrah, Tumani, Adegbola, Richard A., and McAdam, Keith P.W.J.

Subjects
Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Diagnosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Research, Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis, Tuberculosis -- Research, Health, Health care industry
Published
2004

38. PS-003: EVIDENCE-INFORMED POLICY MAKING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Author

Makanga, Michael, Beattie, Pauline, Breugelmans, Gabrielle, Nyirenda, Thomas, Bockarie, Moses, Tanner, Marcel, Volmink, Jimmy, Hankins, Catherine, Walzl, Gerhard, Chegou, Novel, Malherbe, Stephanus, Hatherill, Mark, Scriba, Thomas J., Zak, Daniel E., Barry, Clifton E., Kaufmann, Stefan H.E., Noor, Abdisalan, Strub-Wourgaft, Nathalie, Phillips, Patrick, Munguambe, Khátia, Ravinetto, Raffaella, Tinto, Halidou, Diro, Ermias, Mahendrahata, Yodi, Okebe, Joseph, Rijal, Suman, Garcia, Coralith, Sundar, Shyam, Ndayisaba, Gilles, Sopheak, Thai, Ngoduc, Thang, Loen, Harry Van, Jacobs, Jan, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Boelaert, Marleen, Buvé, Anne, Kamalo, Patrick, Manda-Taylor, Lucinda, Rennie, Stuart, Mokgatla, Boitumelo, Bahati, Prince, Ijsselmuiden, Carel, Afolabi, Muhammed, Mcgrath, Nuala, Kampmann, Beate, Imoukhuede, Egeruan, Alexander, Neal, Larson, Heidi, Chandramohan, Daniel, Bojang, Kalifa, Kasaro, Margaret Phiri, Muluka, Brenda, Kaunda, Kaunda, Morse, Jill, Westfall, Andrew, Kapata, Nathan, Kruuner, Annika, Henostroza, German, Reid, Stewart, Alabi, Abraham, Foguim, Francis, Sankarganesh, Jeyaraj, Bruske, Ellen, Mfoumbi, Arnault, Mevyann, Chester, Adegnika, Ayola, Lell, Bertrand, Kranzer, Katharina, Kremsner, Peter, Grobusch, Martin, Sabiiti, Wilber, Ntinginya, Nyanda, Kuchaka, Davis, Azam, Khalide, Kampira, Elizabeth, Mtafya, Bariki, Bowness, Ruth, Bhatt, Nilesh, Davies, Gerry, Kibiki, Gibson, Gillespie, Stephen, Lejon, Veerle, Ilboudo, Hamidou, Mumba, Dieudonné, Camara, Mamady, Kaba, Dramane, Lumbala, Crispin, Fèvre, Eric, Jamonneau, Vincent, Bucheton, Bruno, Büscher, Philippe, Chisenga, Caroline, Sinkala, Edford, Chilengi, Roma, Chitundu, Hellen, Zyambo, Zude, Wandeler, Gilles, Vinikoor, Michael, Emilie, Dama, Camara, Oumou, Mathurin, Koffi, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan, Dayo, Philippe, Büscher, Regassa, Fikru, Hassane, Sakande, Bienvenu, Somda Martin, Fabrice, Courtin, Ouédraogo, Elie, Kouakou, Lingue, Owusu, Michael, Mensah, Eric, Enimil, Anthony, Mutocheluh, Mohamed, Ndongo, Francis Ateba, Tejiokem, Mathurin Cyrille, Texier, Gaetan, Penda, Calixte, Ndiang, Suzie, Ndongo, Jean-Audrey, Guemkam, Georgette, Sofeu, Casimir Ledoux, Afumbom, Kfutwa, Faye, Albert, Msellati, Philippe, Warszawski, Josiane, Vos, Alinda, Devillé, Walter, Barth, Roos, Klipstein-Grobusch, Kerstin, Tempelman, Hugo, Venter, François, Coutinho, Roel, Grobbee, Diederick, Ssemwanga, Deogratius, Lyagoba, Frederick, Magambo, Brian, Kapaata, Anne, Kirangwa, Joseph, Nannyonjo, Maria, Nassolo, Faridah, Nsubuga, Rebecca, Yebra, Gonzalo, Brown, Andrew, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Nylén, Hanna, Habtewold, Abiy, Makonnen, Eyasu, Yimer, Getnet, Burhenne, Jürgen, Diczfalusy, Ulf, Aklillu, Eleni, Steele, Duncan, Walker, Richard, Simuyandi, Michelo, Beres, Laura, Bosomprah, Samuel, Ansumana, Rashid, Taitt, C., Lamin, J.M., Jacobsen, K.H., Mulvaney, S.P., Leski, T., Bangura, U., Stenger, D., Vries, Sophie De, Zinsou, Frejus Jeannot, Honkpehedji, J, Dejon, Jean Claude, Loembe, Marguerite Massinga, Bache, Bache, Pakker, Nadine, Leeuwen, Remko Van, Hounkpatin, Aurore Bouyoukou, Yazdanbakhsh, Maria, Bethony, Jeffrey, Hotez, Peter, Diemert, David, Bache, Bache Emmanuel, Fernandes, José F., Mba, Régis M Obiang, Kabwende, Anita L., Grobusch, Martin P., Krishna, Sanjeev, Kremsner, Peter G., Todagbe, Agnandji Selidji, Nambozi, Michael, Kabuya, Jean-Bertin, Hachizovu, Sebastian, Mwakazanga, David, Kasongo, Webster, Buyze, Jozefien, Mulenga, Modest, Geertruyden, Jean-Pierre, Gitaka, Jesse, Chan, Chim, Kongere, James, Kagaya, Wataru, Kaneko, Akira, Kabore, Naomie, Barry, Nouhoun, Kabre, Zachari, Werme, Karidia, Fofana, Aminata, Compaore, Daniel, Nikiema, Frederic, Some, Fabrice, Djimde, Abdoulaye, Zongo, Issaka, Ouedraogo, Bosco, Kone, Aminatou, Sagara, Issaka, Björkman, Anders, Gil, Jose Pedro, Nchinda, Godwin, Bopda, Alain, Nji, Nadesh, Ambada, Georgia, Ngu, Loveline, Tchadji, Jules, Sake, Carol, Magagoum, Suzanne, Njambe, Ghislain D., Lisom, Abel, Park, Chae Gyu, Tait, Dereck, Sibusiso, Hlatjwako, Manda, Olga, Croucher, Kristin, Westhuizen, Anja Van Der, Mshanga, Isaac, Levin, Jonathan, Nanvubya, Annet, Kibengo, Freddie, Jaoko, Walter, Pala, Pietro, Perreau, Matthieu, Namuniina, Annemarie, Kitandwe, Paul, Tapia, Gonzalo, Serwanga, Jennifer, Yates, Nicole, Fast, Pat, Mayer, Bryan, Montefiori, David, Tomaras, Georgia, Robb, Merlin, Lee, Carter, Wagner, Ralf, Sanders, Edward, Kilembe, William, Kiwanuka, Noah, Gilmour, Jill, Kuipers, Hester, Vooij, Dani, Chinyenze, Kundai, Priddy, Frances, Ding, Song, Hanke, Tom, Pantaleo, Giuseppe, Ngasala, Billy, Jovel, Irina, Malmberg, Maja, Mmbando, Bruno, Premji, Zul, Mårtensson, Andreas, Mwaiswelo, Richard, Agbor, Lenshina, Apinjoh, Tobias, Mwanza, Sydney, Chileshe, Justin, Joshi, Sudhaunshu, Malunga, Phidelis, Manyando, Christine, Laufer, Miriam, Dara, Antoine, Niangaly, Amadou, Sinha, Indranil, Brodin, David, Fofana, Bakary, Dama, Souleymane, Dembele, Demba, Sidibe, Bakary, Diallo, Nouhoum, Thera, Mahamadou, Wright, Karin, Gil, Jose, Doumbo, Ogobara, Baraka, Vito, Nabasumba, Carolyn, Francis, Filbert, Lutumba, Pascal, Mavoko, Hypolite, Alifrangis, Michael, Geertruyden, Jean-Pierre Van, Sissoko, Sekou, Sangaré, Cheick, Toure, Sekou, Sanogo, Kassim, Diakite, Hamadoun, Toure, Siaka, Doumbia, Diagassan, Haidara, Kadiatou, Julé, Amélie, Ashurst, Hazel, Merson, Laura, Olliaro, Piero, Marsh, Vicki, Lang, Trudie, Guérin, Philippe, Awuondo, Kennedy, Njenga, Daniel, Nyakarungu, Elizabeth, Titus, Pauline, Sutamihardja, Awalludin, Lowe, Brett, Ogutu, Bernhards, Billingsley, Peter, Soulama, Issiaka, Kaboré, Moïse, Coulibaly, Aboubacar, Ouattara, Maurice, Sanon, Souleymane, Diarra, Amidou, Bougouma, Edith, Ouedraogo, Alphonse, Sombie, Benjamin, Ouedraogo, Amidou, Kargougou, Désiré, Ouattara, Daouda, Issa, Nebie, Tiono, Alfred, Sirima, Sodiomon, Chaponda, Mike, Dabira, Edgard, Dao, François, Dara, Nianwalou, Sidibe, Bouran, Coulibaly, Moctar, Tolo, Allaye, Maiga, Hamma, Ouologuem, Nouhoum, Niangaly, Hamidou, Botchway, Felix, Wilson, Nana, Dickinson-Copeland, Carmen M, Adjei, Andrew A., Wilson, Michael, Stiles, Jonathan K., Hamid, Muzamil Abdel, Awad-Elgeid, Mona, Nasr, Awad, Netongo, Palmer, Kamdem, Séverin, Velavan, Thirumalaisamy, Lasry, Estrella, Diarra, Modibo, Bamadio, Amadou, Traore, Aliou, Coumare, Samba, Soma, Bahonan, Dicko, Yeyia, Sangare, Boubou, Tembely, Aly, Traore, Djibril, Haidara, Aboubecrin, Dicko, Alassane, Diawara, Elisabeth, Beavogui, Abdoul, Camara, Daouda, Sylla, Malick, Yattara, Mohamed, Sow, Amadou, Camara, Gnèpou Camara, Diallo, Saliou, Mombo-Ngoma, Ghyslain, Remppis, Jonathan, Sievers, Moritz, Manego, Rella Zoleko, Endamne, Lilian, Hutchinson, David, Held, Jana, Supan, Christian, Salazar, Carmen L. Ospina, Bonkian, Léa Nadège, Nahum, Alain, Sié, Ali, Abdulla, Salim, Cantalloube, Cathy, Djeriou, Elhadj, Bouyou-Akotet, Marielle, Mordmüller, Benjamin, Siribie, Mohamadou, Sirima, Sodiomon B., Ouattara, San Maurice, Coulibaly, Sam, Kabore, Jean Moïse, Amidou, Diarra, Tekete, Mamadou, Burhenne, Juergen, Traore, Oumar, Haefeli, Walter, Borrmann, Steffen, Kaboré, Naomie, Kabré, Zachari, Nikèma, Fréderic, Compaoré, Daniel, Somé, Fabrice, Djimdé, Abdoulaye, Ouédraogo, Jean, Chalwe, Victor, Miller, John, Diakité, Hamadoun, Greco, Beatrice, Spangenberg, Thomas, Kourany-Lefoll, Elly, Oeuvray, Claude, Mulry, Jim, Tyagarajan, Kamala, Magsaam, Bettina, Barnes, Karen, Hodel, Eva Maria, Humphreys, Georgina, Pace, Cheryl, Banda, C.G, Denti, Paulo, Allen, Elizabeth, Lalloo, David, Mwapasa, Victor, Terlouw, Anja, Mwesigwa, Julia, Achan, Jane, Jawara, Musa, Ditanna, Gian, Worwui, Archibald, Affara, Muna, Koukouikila-Koussounda, Félix, Kombo, Michael, Vouvoungui, Christevy, Ntoumi, Francine, Etoka-Beka, Mandingha Kosso, Deibert, Julia, Poulain, Pierre, Kobawila, Simon, Gueye, Nerly Gampio, Koukouikila-Koussounda, Felix, Seda, Brian, Kwambai, Titus, Jangu, Phelix, Samuels, Aaron, ter Kuile, Feike, Kariuki, Simon, Barry, Aissata, Bousema, Teun, Okech, Brenda, Egwang, Thomas, Corran, Patrick, Riley, Eleanor, Ezennia, Ifeoma, Ekwunife, Obinna, Muleba, Mbanga, Stevenson, Jennifer, Mbata, Keith, Coetzee, Maureen, Norris, Douglas, Moneke-Anyanwoke, Ngozi, Momodou, Jasseh, Clarke, Ed, Scott, Susana, Tijani, Adelani, Djimde, Moussa, Vaillant, Michel, Samouda, Hanen, Mensah, Victorine, Roetynck, Sophie, Kanteh, Ebrima, Bowyer, Georgina, Ndaw, Amy, Oko, Francis, Bliss, Carly, Jagne, Ya Jankey, Cortese, Riccardo, Nicosia, Alfredo, Roberts, Rachel, D'Alessio, Flavia, Leroy, Odile, Faye, Babacar, Cisse, Badara, Gerry, Stephen, Viebig, Nicola, Lawrie, Alison, Ewer, Katie, Hill, Adrian, Nebie, Issa, Tiono, Alfred B, Sanou, Guillaume, Konate, Amadou T, Yaro, Baptiste J, Sodiomon, Sirima, Honkpehedji, Yabo, Agobe, Jean Claude Dejon, Zinsou, Frejus, Mengue, Juliana, Richie, Thomas, Hoffman, Stephen, Nouatin, Odilon, Ngoa, Ulysse Ateba, Edoa, Jean R, Homoet, Andreas, Engelhon, Julie Englhon, Massinga-Louembe, Marguerite, Esen, Meral, Theisen, Michael, Sim, Kim Lee, Luty, Adrian Jf, Moutairou, Kabirou, Dinko, Bismarck, King, Elizabeth, Targett, Geoffrey, Sutherland, Colin, Likhovole, Clement, Ouma, Collins, Vulule, John, Musau, Susan, Khayumbi, Jeremiah, Okumu, Albert, Murithi, Wilfred, Otu, Jacob, Gehre, Florian, Zingue, Dezemon, Kudzawu, Samuel, Forson, Audrey, Mane, Morto, Rabna, Paulo, Diarra, Bassirou, Kayede, Salako, Adebiyi, Emmanuel, Kehinde, Aderemi, Onyejepu, Nneka, Onubogu, Catherine, Idigbe, Emmanuel, Ba, Awa, Diallo, Aissatou, Mboup, Souleymane, Disse, Kodjo, Kadanga, Gerard, Dagnra, Yaotse, Baldeh, Ignatius, Corrah, Tumani, Jong, Bouke De, Antonio, Martin, Musanabaganwa, Clarisse, Musabyimana, Jean Pierre, Karita, Etienne, Diop, Blondin, Nambajimana, Abidan, Dushimiyimana, Valentine, Karame, Prosper, Russell, Jim, Ndoli, Jules, Hategekimana, Theobald, Sendegeya, Augustin, Condo, Jeannine, Binagwaho, Agnes, Okonko, Iheanyi, Okerentugba, Phillip, Opaleye, Oluyinka, Awujo, Ezinwanne, Frank-Peterside, Nnenna, Moyo, Sikhulile, Kotokwe, Kenanao, Mohammed, Terence, Boleo, Coretah, Mupfumi, Lucy, Chishala, Samuel, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, Tsalaile, Lesedi, Bussmann, Herman, Makhema, Joseph, Baum, Marianna, Marlink, Richard, Engelbretch, Susan, Essex, Max, Novitsky, Vladimir, Saka, Emmanuel, Kalipalire, Zex, Bhairavabhotla, Ravikiran, Midiani, Dalitso, Sherman, Judith, Mgode, Georgies, Cox, Christophe, Bwana, Dickens, Mtui, Leah, Magesa, Daniel, Kahwa, Amos, Mfinanga, Godfrey, Mulder, Christiaan, Borain, Nick, Petersen, Lizette, Plessis, Julianne Du, Theron, Grant, Holm-Hansen, Carol, Tekwu, Emmanuel Mouafo, Sidze, Larissa Kamgue, Assam, Jean Paul Assam, Eyangoh, Sarah, Niemann, Stefan, Beng, Veronique Penlap, Frank, Matthias, Atiadeve, Samuel, Hilmann, Doris, Awoniyi, Dolapo, Baumann, Ralf, Kriel, Belinda, Jacobs, Ruschca, Kidd, Martin, Loxton, Andre, Kaempfer, Susanne, Singh, Mahavir, Mwanza, Winnie, Milimo, Deborah, Moyo, Maureen, Kasese, Nkatya, Cheeba-Lengwe, Maina, Munkondya, Stembiso, Ayles, Helen, Haas, Petra De, Muyoyeta, Monde, Namuganga, Anna Ritah, Kizza, Harriet Mayanja, Mendy, Alieu, Tientcheu, Leopold, Ayorinde, Abigail, Coker, Edward, Egere, Uzochukwu, Coussens, Anna, Naude, Celeste, Chaplin, George, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Martineau, Adrian, Jablonski, Nina, Wilkinson, Robert, Ouedraogo, Henri Gautier, Matteelli, Alberto, Regazzi, Mario, Tarnagda, Grissoum, Villani, Paola, Sulis, Giorgia, Diagbouga, Serge, Roggi, Alberto, Giorgetti, Francesco, Kouanda, Seni, Bidias, Amel, Ndjonka, Dieudonné, Olemba, Clémence, Souleymanou, Arabo, Mukonzo, Jackson, Kuteesa, Ronald, Ogwal-Okeng, Jasper, Gustafsson, Lars L., Owen, Joel, Bassi, Peter, Gashau, Wadzani, Olaf, Klungel, Dodoo, Alexander, Okonkwo, Prosper, Kanki, Phyllis, Maruapula, Dorcas, Seraise, Boitumelo, Einkauf, Kevin, Reilly, Amanda, Rowley, Christopher, Musonda, Rosemary, Framhein, Anna, Mpagama, Stella, Semvua, Hadija, Maboko, Leonard, Hoelscher, Michael, Heinrich, Norbert, Mulenga, Lloyd, Kaayunga, Callistus, Davies, Mary-Ann, Egger, Matthias, Musukuma, Kalo, Dambe, Rosalia, Usadi, Benjamin, Ngari, Moses, Thitiri, Johnstone, Mwalekwa, Laura, Fegan, Greg, Berkley, James, Nsagha, Dickson, Munamunungu, Virginia, Bolton, Carolyn, Siyunda, Alice, Shilimi, Jacinta, Bucciardini, Raffaella, Fragola, Vincenzo, Abegaz, Teshome, Lucattini, Stefano, Halifom, Atakilt, Tadesse, Eskedar, Berhe, Micheal, Pugliese, Katherina, Castro, Paola De, Terlizzi, Roberta, Fucili, Luca, Gregorio, Massimiliano Di, Mirra, Marco, Zegeye, Teame, Binelli, Andrea, Vella, Stefano, Abraham, Loko, Godefay, Hagos, Rakotoarivelo, Rivo, Raberahona, Mihaja, Randriamampionona, Njary, Andriamihaja, Rabezanahary, Rasamoelina, Tahinamandranto, Cornet, Muriel, Randria, Mamy Jean De Dieu, Benet, Thomas, Vanhems, Philippe, Andrianarivelo, Mala Rakoto, Chirwa, Uchizi, Michelo, Charles, Hamoonga, Raymond, Wandiga, Steve, Oduor, Patience, Agaya, Janet, Sharma, Aditya, Cavanaugh, Sean, Cain, Kevin, Mukisa, John, Mupere, Ezekiel, Worodria, William, Ngom, Justice Trésor, Koro, Francioli, Godwe, Celestin, Adande, Clemence, Ateugieu, Romaric, Onana, Tatiana, Ngono, Annie, Kamdem, Yannick, Ngo-Niobe, Sara, Etoa, François-Xavier, Kanengoni, Muchineripi, Ruzario, Sithembile, Ndebele, Paul, Shana, Melody, Tarumbiswa, Fadzai, Musesengwa, Rosemary, Gutsire, Rutendo, Fisher, Kevin, Thyagarajan, Bargavi, Akanbi, Olusola, Binuyo, Michael, Ssengooba, Willy, Respeito, Durval, Mambuque, Edson, Blanco, Silvia, Mandomando, Inacio, Cobelens, Frank, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto, Tamene, Ayele, Topp, Stephanie, Mwamba, Chanda, Padian, Nancy, Sikazwe, Izukanji, Geng, Elvin, Holmes, Charles, Sikombe, Kombatende, Hantuba, Cardinal, Czaicki, Nancy, Simbeza, Sandra, Somwe, Paul, Umulisa, Michele, Ilo, Jennifer, Kestelyn, Evelyne, Uwineza, Mireille, Agaba, Stephen, Delvaux, Therese, Wijgert, Janneke, Gethi, Dickson, Odeny, Lazarus, Tamandjou, Cynthia, Kaindjee-Tjituka, Francina, Brandt, Laura, Cotton, Mark, Nel, Etienne, Preiser, Wolfgang, Andersson, Monique, Adepoju, Abiola, Magana, Musa, Etsetowaghan, Andrew, Chilikwazi, Mutinta, Sutcliffe, Catherine, Thuma, Philip, Sinywimaanzi, Kathy, Matakala, Hellen, Munachoonga, Passwell, Moss, William, Masenza, Issa Sabi, Geisenberger, Otto, Agrea, Peter, Rwegoshora, France, Mahiga, Hellen, Olomi, Willyhelmina, Kroidl, Arne, Kayode, Gbenga, Amoakoh-Coleman, Mary, Ansah, Evelyn, Uthman, Olalekan, Fokam, Joseph, Santoro, Maria-Mercedes, Musolo, Chrissie, Chimbiri, Isabel, Chikwenga, Gloria, Deula, Ruth, Massari, Riccardo, Lungu, Agness, Perno, Carlo-Federico, Ndzengue, Georgia, Loveline, Ngu, Lissom, Abel, Flaurent, Tchouangueu, Sosso, Samuel, Essomba, Claudine, Kpeli, Grace, Otchere, Isaac, Lamelas, Araceli, Buultjens, Andrew, Bulach, Dieter, Baines, Sarah, Seemann, Torsten, Giulieri, Stefano, Nakobu, Zuliehatu, Aboagye, Samuel, Owusu-Mireku, Evelyn, Danso, Emelia, Hauser, Julia, Hinic, Vladimira, Pluschke, Gerd, Stinear, Timothy, Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy, Elshayeb, Ayman, Siddig, Marmar El, Ahmed, Abdel Azim, Hussien, Adil El, Kabwe, Mwila, Tembo, John, Chilukutu, Lophina, Chilufya, Moses, Ngulube, Francis, Lukwesa, Chileshe, Enne, Virve, Wexner, Hannah, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Hamer, Davidson, Sinyangwe, Sylvester, Ahmed, Yusuf, Klein, Nigel, Maeurer, Markus, Zumla, Ali, Bates, Matthew, Beyala, Landry, Etienne, Guenou, Anthony, Njimbia, Benjamin, Azike, Ateudjieu, Jerome, Chibwe, Bertha, Ojok, David, Tarr, Christine Attia, Perez, Guillermo Martinez, Omeonga, Senga, Kibungu, Fanta, Meyer, Ana, Lansana, Peter, Mayor, Alfredo, Onyango, Peter, Loggerenberg, François Van, Furtado, Tamzin, Boggs, Liam, Segrt, Alexis, Dochez, Carine, Burnett, Rosemary, Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey, Miiro, George, Mbidde, Edward, Peshu, Norbert, Kivaya, Esther, Ngowi, Bernard, Kavishe, Reginald, Maowia, Mukhtar, Sandstrom, Eric, Ayuo, Elizabeth, Mmbaga, Blandina, Leisegang, Cordelia, Thorpe, Marie, Batchilly, Elizabeth, N'Guessan, Jean-Pierre, Kanteh, Dembo, Søfteland, Solrun, Sebitloane, Motshedisi, Vwalika, Bellington, Taylor, Myra, Galappaththi-Arachchige, Hashini, Holmen, Sigve, Gundersen, Svein Gunnar, Ndhlovu, Patricia, Kjetland, Eyrun Floerecke, Kombe, Francis, Toohey, Jacintha, Pienaar, Elizabeth, Kredo, Tamara, Cham, Pa Modou, Abubakar, Ismaela, Dondeh, Bai Lamin, Vischer, Nerina, Pfeiffer, Constanze, Burri, Christian, Musukwa, Kalo, Zürcher, Samuel, Mwandu, Temwani, Bauer, Sophie, Adriko, Moses, Mwaura, Peter, Omolloh, Kevin, Jones, Clarer, Malecela, Mwelecele, Hamidu, Buhari Adamu, Jenner, Tettevi Edward, Asiedu, Larbi John, Osei-Atweneboana, Mike, Afeke, Innocent, Addo, Phyllis, Newman, Mercy, Durnez, Lies, Eddyani, Miriam, Ammisah, Nana, Abas, Mona, Quartey, Maxwell, Ablordey, Anthony, Akinwale, Olaoluwa, Adeneye, Adeniyi, Ezeugwu, Sylvanus, Olukosi, Yetunde, Adewale, Babatunde, Sulyman, Medinat, Mafe, Margaret, Okwuzu, Jane, Gyang, Pam, Nwafor, Timothy, Henry, Uzoma, Musa, Bilkisu, Ujah, Innocent, Agobé, Jean Claude Dejon, Grau-Pujol, Berta, Sacoor, Charfudin, Nhabomba, Augusto, Casellas, Aina, Quintó, Llorenç, Subirà, Carme, Giné, Ricard, Valentín, Antònia, Muñoz, Jose, Nikiema, Marguerite, Ky-Ba, Absatou, Comapore, Kiswendsida Abdou Muller, Traore, Alfred, Sangare, Lassana, Oluremi, Adeolu, Michel, Mandro, Camara, Yaya, Sanneh, Bakary, Cuamba, Inocencia, Gutiérrez, Jose, Lázaro, Carlota, Mejia, Rojelio, Adedeji, Abimbola, Folorunsho, Sola, Demehin, Pelumi, Akinsanya, Bamidele, Cowley, Giovanna, Silva, Eunice Teixeira Da, Nabicassa, Meno, Barros, Pedrozinho Duarte Pereira De, Blif, Milena Mbote, Bailey, Robin, Last, Anna, Mahendradhata, Yodi, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, Nys, Kateljine De, Casteels, Minnes, Nona, Sylvie Kwedi, Lumeka, Kabwende, Todagbe, Agnandji, Djima, Mariam Mama, Ukpong, Morenike, Sagay, Atiene, Khamofu, Hadiza, Torpey, Kwasi, Afiadigwe, Evaristus, Anenih, James, Ezechi, Oliver, Nweneka, Chidi, Idoko, John, Muhumuza, Simon, Katahoire, Anne, Nuwaha, Fred, Olsen, Annette, Okeyo, Seth, Omollo, Raymond, Kimutai, Robert, Ochieng, Michael, Egondi, Thaddaeus, Moonga, Clement, Chileshe, Chisele, Magwende, George, Anumudu, Chiaka, Onile, Olugbenga, Oladele, Victoria, Adebayo, Adewale, Awobode, Henrietta, Oyeyemi, Oyetunde, Odaibo, Alexander, Kabuye, Emily, Lutalo, Tom, Njua-Yafi, Clarisse, Nkuo-Akenji, Theresa, Anchang-Kimbi, Judith, Mugri, Regina, Chi, Hanesh, Tata, Rolland, Njumkeng, Charles, Dodoo, Daniel, Achidi, Eric, Fernandes, José, Bache, Emmanuel B., Matakala, Kalumbu, Searle, Kelly, Greenman, Michelle, and Rainwater-Lovett, Kaitlin

Subjects
Abstracts of Poster Presentations, Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Author Index, Abstracts of Presentations in Plenary Sessions, Article, Abstracts of the Eighth Edctp Forum, 6–9 November 2016
Published
2017

41. Variations in the NRAMP1 gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis in West Africans

Author

Bellamy, Richard, Ruwende, Cyril, Corrah, Tumani, McAdam, Keith P.W.J., Whittle, Hilton C., and Hill, Adrian V.S.

Subjects
Tuberculosis -- Genetic aspects, Mycobacterial infections -- Sub-Saharan Africa, Disease susceptibility -- Genetic aspects, Genetic polymorphisms -- Health aspects
Abstract

Susceptibility to tuberculosis may be affected by genetic differences among the population of Gambia, West Africa. Studies in mice have determined that the natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene influences resistance to mycobacteria, the type of bacteria which causes tuberculosis. Researchers studied a similar gene in 410 people with tuberculosis and 417 healthy volunteers in Africa. Four particular mutations of NRAMP1 were strongly associated with infection with tuberculosis. This gene may be involved in other infectious diseases as well.

Published
1998

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