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5. Proof of concept for a new sensor to monitor marine litter from space

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Física Computacional i Aplicada, Cózar, Andrés, Arias Ballesteros, Manuel, Suaria, Giuseppe, Viejo Marín, Josué, Aliani, Stefano, Koutroulis, Aristeidis, Delaney, James, Bonnery, Guillaume, Macias, Diego, de Vries, Robin, Sumerot, Romain, Morales Caselles, Carmen, Turiel, Antonio, González Fernández, Daniel, Corradi, Paolo, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Física Computacional i Aplicada, Cózar, Andrés, Arias Ballesteros, Manuel, Suaria, Giuseppe, Viejo Marín, Josué, Aliani, Stefano, Koutroulis, Aristeidis, Delaney, James, Bonnery, Guillaume, Macias, Diego, de Vries, Robin, Sumerot, Romain, Morales Caselles, Carmen, Turiel, Antonio, González Fernández, Daniel, and Corradi, Paolo

Abstract

Worldwide, governments are implementing strategies to combat marine litter. However, their effectiveness is largely unknown because we lack tools to systematically monitor marine litter over broad spatio-temporal scales. Metre-sized aggregations of floating debris generated by sea-surface convergence lines have been reported as a reliable target for detection from satellites. Yet, the usefulness of such ephemeral, scattered aggregations as proxy for sustained, large-scale monitoring of marine litter remains an open question for a dedicated Earth-Observation mission. Here, we track this proxy over a series of 300,000 satellite images of the entire Mediterranean Sea. The proxy is mainly related to recent inputs from land-based litter sources. Despite the limitations of in-orbit technology, satellite detections are sufficient to map hot-spots and capture trends, providing an unprecedented source-to-sink view of the marine litter phenomenon. Torrential rains largely control marine litter inputs, while coastal boundary currents and wind-driven surface sweep arise as key drivers for its distribution over the ocean. Satellite-based monitoring proves to be a real game changer for marine litter research and management. Furthermore, the development of an ad-hoc sensor can lower the minimum detectable concentration by one order of magnitude, ensuring operational monitoring, at least for seasonal-to-interannual variability in the mesoscale., Postprint (published version)

Published
2024

6. The VERT-X calibration facility: development of the most critical parts

Author

Moretti, Alberto, primary, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Basso, Stefano, additional, Sironi, Giorgia, additional, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Cotroneo, Vincenzo, additional, Civitani, Marta M., additional, Ghigo, Mauro, additional, La Palombara, Nicola, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Marioni, Fabio, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Zocchi, Fabio, additional, Parodi, Giancarlo, additional, Ottolini, Matteo, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, De Lorenzi, Simone, additional, Amisano, Franco, additional, Burwitz, Vadim, additional, Ferreira, Desiree Della Monica, additional, Corradi, Paolo, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, and Ferreira, Ivo, additional

Published
2023
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7. VERT-X: a new calibration facility for X-ray optics

Author

Moretti Alberto, Pareschi Giovanni, Basso Stefano, Spiga Daniele, Ghigo Mauro, Sironi Giorgia, Cotroneo Vincenzo, Civitani Marta, Uslenghi Michela, La Palombara Nicola, Tordi Massimiliano, De Lorenzi Simone, Valsecchi Giuseppe, Zocchi fabio, Marioni Fabio, Vernani Dervis, Amisano Franco, Parodi Giancarlo, Ottolini Matteo, Corradi Paolo, Ferreira Ivo, and Bavdaz Marcos

Abstract

Proceeding of the Conference ICSO 2022, International Conference on Space Optics, Dubrovnik 3-7 October, Dubrovnik The ESA Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics (ATHENA) will be the largest X-ray optics ever built. The ground calibration of its mirror assembly raises significant difficulties due to its unprecedented size, mass and focal length. The VERT-X project aims at developing an innovative calibration system which will be able to accomplish this extremely challenging task. The design is based on a 2.5 cm2 parallel beam produced by an X-ray source positioned in the focus of a highly performing collimator; in order to cover the whole 2.5m diameter mirror, the beam is accurately moved by a raster-scan mechanism.The VERT-X project, started in January 2018, is financed by ESA and conducted by a consortium that includes INAF, EIE, Media Lario, Apogeo Spaceand BCV Progetti. &nbsp

Published
2023
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11. Optical Networking in a Swarm of Microrobots

Author

Corradi, Paolo, Schmickl, Thomas, Scholz, Oliver, Menciassi, Arianna, Dario, Paolo, Akan, Ozgur, Series editor, Bellavista, Paolo, Series editor, Cao, Jiannong, Series editor, Dressler, Falko, Series editor, Ferrari, Domenico, Series editor, Gerla, Mario, Series editor, Kobayashi, Hisashi, Series editor, Palazzo, Sergio, Series editor, Sahni, Sartaj, Series editor, Shen, Xuemin (Sherman), Series editor, Stan, Mircea, Series editor, Xiaohua, Jia, Series editor, Zomaya, Albert, Series editor, Coulson, Geoffrey, Series editor, and Cheng, Maggie, editor

Published
2009
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14. The VERT-X calibration facility: development of the most critical parts.

Author

Moretti, Alberto, primary, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Basso, Stefano, additional, Spiga, Daniele, additional, Ghigo, Mauro, additional, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, additional, Sironi, Giorgia, additional, Civitani, Marta, additional, Cotroneo, Vincenzo, additional, La Palombara, Nicola, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, De Lorenzi, Simone, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Zocchi, Fabio, additional, Marioni, Fabio, additional, Vernani, Dervis, additional, Amisano, Franco, additional, Parissenti, Guido, additional, Parodi, Giancarlo, additional, Ottolini, Matteo, additional, Corradi, Paolo, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, and Ferreira, Ivo, additional

Published
2021
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16. IOCCG Task Force on Remote Sensing of Marine Litter and Debris - Terms of Reference

Author

Garaba, Shungudzemwoyo, Arias, Manuel, Biermann, Lauren, Corradi, Paolo, Lorenzoni, Laura, Martin-Lauzer, Francois-Regis, Martinez-Vicente, Victor, Mitra, Debashis, and Murakami, Hiroshi

Subjects
marine litter, remote sensing, marine debris, task force, marine plastic
Abstract

This document includes the Mission Statement and the Terms of Reference of the Task Force on Remote Sensing of Marine Litter and Debris of the International Ocean-Colour Coordinating Group (IOCCG). The Task Force has as an overarching goal to coordinate the advancement of current and future remote sensing technologies and techniques that have potential to provide observations of marine plastic litter over all aquatic environments. Considering all remote sensing technologies (with a special focus on radiometric approaches), the Task Force aims to promote a unified interdisciplinary international team of remote sensing experts with the goal to coordinate the development of traceable and transparent approaches for detecting, identifying, quantifying and tracking requirements of plastic litter. These requirements will be supported by four interlinked core topics that are the foundation pillars of the Task Force; (i) technologies, (ii) algorithms and applications, (iii) datasets and (iv) interdisciplinary aspects.

Published
2021
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21. Measuring Marine Plastic Debris from Space: Initial Assessment of Observation Requirements

Author

Martínez-Vicente, Víctor, Clark, James R., Corradi, Paolo, Aliani, Stefano, Arias, Manuel, Bochow, Mathias, Bonnery, Guillaume, Cole, Matthew, Cózar, Andrés, Donnelly, Rory, Echevarría, Fidel, Galgani, François, Garaba, Shungudzemwoyo P., Goddijn-Murphy, Lonneke, Lebreton, Laurent, Leslie, Heather A., Lindeque, Penelope K., Maximenko, Nikolai, Martin-Lauzer, François Régis, Moller, Delwyn, Murphy, Peter, Palombi, Lorenzo, Raimondi, Valentina, Reisser, Julia, Romero, Laia, Simis, Stefan G.H., Sterckx, Sindy, Thompson, Richard C., Topouzelis, Konstantinos N., van Sebille, Erik, Veiga, Joana Mira, Vethaak, A. Dick, Sub Physical Oceanography, Marine and Atmospheric Research, AIMMS, E&H: Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Biología, Sub Physical Oceanography, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
Marine litter, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, marine plastic debris, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), multispectral imagers, 010501 environmental sciences, Space (commercial competition), 01 natural sciences, high spatial resolution, remote sensing, sensors synergy, High spatial resolution, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, submesoscale processes, hyperspectra sensors, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Scale (chemistry), Debris, hyperspectral sensors, Remedial action, Hyperspectral sensors, 13. Climate action, Remote sensing (archaeology), Satellite remote sensing, Systems engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, mission requirements
Abstract

Sustained observations are required to determine the marine plastic debris mass balance and to support effective policy for planning remedial action. However, observations currently remain scarce at the global scale. A satellite remote sensing system could make a substantial contribution to tackling this problem. Here, we make initial steps towards the potential design of such a remote sensing system by: (1) identifying the properties of marine plastic debris amenable to remote sensing methods and (2) highlighting the oceanic processes relevant to scientific questions about marine plastic debris. Remote sensing approaches are reviewed and matched to the optical properties of marine plastic debris and the relevant spatio-temporal scales of observation to identify challenges and opportunities in the field. Finally, steps needed to develop marine plastic debris detection by remote sensing platforms are proposed in terms of fundamental science as well as linkages to ongoing planning for satellite systems with similar observation requirements.

Published
2019
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22. Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System

Author

Maximenko, Nikolai, Corradi, Paolo, Law, Kara Lavender, Van Sebille, Erik, Garaba, Shungudzemwoyo P., Lampitt, Richard Stephen, Galgani, Francois, Martinez-Vicente, Victor, Goddijn-Murphy, Lonneke, Veiga, Joana Mira, Thompson, Richard C., Maes, Christophe, Moller, Delwyn, Loscher, Carolin Regina, Addamo, Anna Maria, Lamson, Megan R., Centurioni, Luca R., Posth, Nicole R., Lumpkin, Rick, Vinci, Matteo, Martins, Ana Maria, Pieper, Catharina Diogo, Isobe, Atsuhiko, Hanke, Georg, Edwards, Margo, Chubarenko, Irina P., Rodriguez, Ernesto, Aliani, Stefano, Arias, Manuel, Asner, Gregory P., Brosich, Alberto, Carlton, James T., Chao, Yi, Cook, Anna-Marie, Cundy, Andrew B., Galloway, Tamara S., Giorgetti, Alessandra, Goni, Gustavo Jorge, Guichoux, Yann, Haram, Linsey E., Hardesty, Britta Denise, Holdsworth, Neil, Lebreton, Laurent, Leslie, Heather A., Macadam-Somer, Ilan, Mace, Thomas, Manuel, Mark, Marsh, Robert, Martinez, Elodie, Mayor, Daniel J., Le Moigne, Morgan, Jack, Maria Eugenia Molina, Mowlem, Matt Charles, Obbard, Rachel W., Pabortsava, Katsiaryna, Robberson, Bill, Rotaru, Amelia-Elena, Ruiz, Gregory M., Teresa Spedicato, Maria, Thiel, Martin, Turra, Alexander, Wilcox, Chris, Sub Physical Oceanography, Marine and Atmospheric Research, European Research Council, Sub Physical Oceanography, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, LITTER, Marine litter, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Microplastics, marine debris, sensor development, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, NILE RED, maritime safety, Marine debris, Citizen science, SENSORS, Marine & Freshwater Biology, lcsh:Science, Seabed, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, geography.geographical_feature_category, NORTH, FLOW-CYTOMETRY, ecosystemstressors, Plastic pollution, REMOTE, plastics, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Antropogenic debris, ecosystem stressors, Ocean Engineering, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Aquatic Science, PELAGIC SARGASSUM, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Marine debris drift, observing network, Sea ice, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Observing network design, Shore, geography, Science & Technology, Buoy, MICROPLASTICS, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean current, PLASTIC DEBRIS, Debris, 13. Climate action, SEA-FLOOR, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Plastics and other artificial materials pose new risks to the health of the ocean. Anthropogenic debris travels across large distances and is ubiquitous in the water and on shorelines, yet, observations of its sources, composition, pathways, and distributions in the ocean are very sparse and inaccurate. Total amounts of plastics and other man-made debris in the ocean and on the shore, temporal trends in these amounts under exponentially increasing production, as well as degradation processes, vertical fluxes, and time scales are largely unknown. Present ocean circulation models are not able to accurately simulate drift of debris because of its complex hydrodynamics. In this paper we discuss the structure of the future integrated marine debris observing system (IMDOS) that is required to provide long-term monitoring of the state of this anthropogenic pollution and support operational activities to mitigate impacts on the ecosystem and on the safety of maritime activity. The proposed observing system integrates remote sensing and in situ observations. Also, models are used to optimize the design of the system and, in turn, they will be gradually improved using the products of the system. Remote sensing technologies will provide spatially coherent coverage and consistent surveying time series at local to global scale. Optical sensors, including high-resolution imaging, multi- and hyperspectral, fluorescence, and Raman technologies, as well as SAR will be used to measure different types of debris. They will be implemented in a variety of platforms, from hand-held tools to ship-, buoy-, aircraft-, and satellite-based sensors. A network of in situ observations, including reports from volunteers, citizen scientists and ships of opportunity, will be developed to provide data for calibration/validation of remote sensors and to monitor the spread of plastic pollution and other marine debris. IMDOS will interact with other observing systems monitoring physical, chemical, and biological processes in the ocean and on shorelines as well as the state of the ecosystem, maritime activities and safety, drift of sea ice, etc. The synthesized data will support innovative multi-disciplinary research and serve a diverse community of users.

Published
2019
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23. VERT-X: VERTical X-ray raster-scan facility for ATHENA calibration. The concept design.

Author

Moretti, Alberto, primary, Pareschi, Giovanni, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, Tordi, Massimiliano, additional, Bressan, Riccardo, additional, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, additional, Zocchi, Fabio E., additional, Attina, Primo, additional, Amisano, Franco, additional, Sironi, Giorgia, additional, Salmaso, Bianca, additional, Basso, Stefano, additional, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, additional, spiga, daniele, additional, La Palombara, Nicola, additional, Fiorini, Mauro, additional, Dury, Francois, additional, Marioni, Fabio, additional, Parissenti, Guido, additional, Parodi, Giancarlo, additional, Wille, Eric, additional, Corradi, Paolo, additional, Bavdaz, Marcos, additional, and Ferreira, Ivo, additional

Published
2019
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24. Measuring marine plastic debris from space: Initial assessment of observation requirements

Author

Sub Physical Oceanography, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Martínez-Vicente, Víctor, Clark, James R., Corradi, Paolo, Aliani, Stefano, Arias, Manuel, Bochow, Mathias, Bonnery, Guillaume, Cole, Matthew, Cózar, Andrés, Donnelly, Rory, Echevarría, Fidel, Galgani, François, Garaba, Shungudzemwoyo P., Goddijn-Murphy, Lonneke, Lebreton, Laurent, Leslie, Heather A., Lindeque, Penelope K., Maximenko, Nikolai, Martin-Lauzer, François Régis, Moller, Delwyn, Murphy, Peter, Palombi, Lorenzo, Raimondi, Valentina, Reisser, Julia, Romero, Laia, Simis, Stefan G.H., Sterckx, Sindy, Thompson, Richard C., Topouzelis, Konstantinos N., van Sebille, Erik, Veiga, Joana Mira, Vethaak, A. Dick, Sub Physical Oceanography, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Martínez-Vicente, Víctor, Clark, James R., Corradi, Paolo, Aliani, Stefano, Arias, Manuel, Bochow, Mathias, Bonnery, Guillaume, Cole, Matthew, Cózar, Andrés, Donnelly, Rory, Echevarría, Fidel, Galgani, François, Garaba, Shungudzemwoyo P., Goddijn-Murphy, Lonneke, Lebreton, Laurent, Leslie, Heather A., Lindeque, Penelope K., Maximenko, Nikolai, Martin-Lauzer, François Régis, Moller, Delwyn, Murphy, Peter, Palombi, Lorenzo, Raimondi, Valentina, Reisser, Julia, Romero, Laia, Simis, Stefan G.H., Sterckx, Sindy, Thompson, Richard C., Topouzelis, Konstantinos N., van Sebille, Erik, Veiga, Joana Mira, and Vethaak, A. Dick

Published
2019

25. Toward the Integrated Marine Debris Observing System

Author

Sub Physical Oceanography, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Maximenko, Nikolai, Corradi, Paolo, Law, Kara Lavender, Van Sebille, Erik, Garaba, Shungudzemwoyo P., Lampitt, Richard Stephen, Galgani, Francois, Martinez-Vicente, Victor, Goddijn-Murphy, Lonneke, Veiga, Joana Mira, Thompson, Richard C., Maes, Christophe, Moller, Delwyn, Loscher, Carolin Regina, Addamo, Anna Maria, Lamson, Megan R., Centurioni, Luca R., Posth, Nicole R., Lumpkin, Rick, Vinci, Matteo, Martins, Ana Maria, Pieper, Catharina Diogo, Isobe, Atsuhiko, Hanke, Georg, Edwards, Margo, Chubarenko, Irina P., Rodriguez, Ernesto, Aliani, Stefano, Arias, Manuel, Asner, Gregory P., Brosich, Alberto, Carlton, James T., Chao, Yi, Cook, Anna-Marie, Cundy, Andrew B., Galloway, Tamara S., Giorgetti, Alessandra, Goni, Gustavo Jorge, Guichoux, Yann, Haram, Linsey E., Hardesty, Britta Denise, Holdsworth, Neil, Lebreton, Laurent, Leslie, Heather A., Macadam-Somer, Ilan, Mace, Thomas, Manuel, Mark, Marsh, Robert, Martinez, Elodie, Mayor, Daniel J., Le Moigne, Morgan, Jack, Maria Eugenia Molina, Mowlem, Matt Charles, Obbard, Rachel W., Pabortsava, Katsiaryna, Robberson, Bill, Rotaru, Amelia-Elena, Ruiz, Gregory M., Teresa Spedicato, Maria, Thiel, Martin, Turra, Alexander, Wilcox, Chris, Sub Physical Oceanography, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Maximenko, Nikolai, Corradi, Paolo, Law, Kara Lavender, Van Sebille, Erik, Garaba, Shungudzemwoyo P., Lampitt, Richard Stephen, Galgani, Francois, Martinez-Vicente, Victor, Goddijn-Murphy, Lonneke, Veiga, Joana Mira, Thompson, Richard C., Maes, Christophe, Moller, Delwyn, Loscher, Carolin Regina, Addamo, Anna Maria, Lamson, Megan R., Centurioni, Luca R., Posth, Nicole R., Lumpkin, Rick, Vinci, Matteo, Martins, Ana Maria, Pieper, Catharina Diogo, Isobe, Atsuhiko, Hanke, Georg, Edwards, Margo, Chubarenko, Irina P., Rodriguez, Ernesto, Aliani, Stefano, Arias, Manuel, Asner, Gregory P., Brosich, Alberto, Carlton, James T., Chao, Yi, Cook, Anna-Marie, Cundy, Andrew B., Galloway, Tamara S., Giorgetti, Alessandra, Goni, Gustavo Jorge, Guichoux, Yann, Haram, Linsey E., Hardesty, Britta Denise, Holdsworth, Neil, Lebreton, Laurent, Leslie, Heather A., Macadam-Somer, Ilan, Mace, Thomas, Manuel, Mark, Marsh, Robert, Martinez, Elodie, Mayor, Daniel J., Le Moigne, Morgan, Jack, Maria Eugenia Molina, Mowlem, Matt Charles, Obbard, Rachel W., Pabortsava, Katsiaryna, Robberson, Bill, Rotaru, Amelia-Elena, Ruiz, Gregory M., Teresa Spedicato, Maria, Thiel, Martin, Turra, Alexander, and Wilcox, Chris

Published
2019

29. Evaluation of building technology for mass producible millimetre-sized robots using flexible printed circuit boards

Author

Edqvist, Erik, Snis, Niklas, Casanova Mohr, Raimon, Scholz, Oliver, Corradi, Paolo, Gao, Jianbo, Di´eguez, Angel, Wyrsch, Nicolas, Johansson, Stefan, Edqvist, Erik, Snis, Niklas, Casanova Mohr, Raimon, Scholz, Oliver, Corradi, Paolo, Gao, Jianbo, Di´eguez, Angel, Wyrsch, Nicolas, and Johansson, Stefan

Abstract

Initial tests of a building technology for a compact three-dimensional mass produciblemicrorobot are presented. The 3.9 × 3.9 × 3.3 mm3 sized prototype robot represents amicrosystem with actuators, sensors, energy management and integrated electronics. Theweight of a folded robot is 65 mg and the total volume is less than 23 mm3. The design of theinterfaces of the different modules in the robot, as well as the building technology, isdescribed. The modules are assembled using conductive adhesive with industrial surfacemounting technology on a thin double-sided flexible printed circuit board. The final shape ofthe microrobots is achieved by folding the flexible printed circuit board twice. Electrical andmechanical studies are performed to evaluate the assembly and it is concluded that thetechnology can be used for this type of microsystem. Several issues using the presentedassembly technique are identified and addressed., I-SWARM

Published
2009
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34. Symbiotic robot organisms

Author

Kernbach, Serge, primary, Meister, Eugen, additional, Schlachter, Florian, additional, Jebens, Kristof, additional, Szymanski, Marc, additional, Liedke, Jens, additional, Laneri, Davide, additional, Winkler, Lutz, additional, Schmickl, Thomas, additional, Thenius, Ronald, additional, Corradi, Paolo, additional, and Ricotti, Leonardo, additional

Published
2008
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35. Symbiotic robot organisms.

Author

Kernbach, Serge, Meister, Eugen, Schlachter, Florian, Jebens, Kristof, Szymanski, Marc, Liedke, Jens, Laneri, Davide, Winkler, Lutz, Schmickl, Thomas, Thenius, Ronald, Corradi, Paolo, and Ricotti, Leonardo

Published
2008
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36. A Miniaturized Mechatronic System Inspired by Plant Roots for Soil Exploration.

Author

Mazzolai, Barbara, Mondini, Alessio, Corradi, Paolo, Laschi, Cecilia, Mattoli, Virgilio, Sinibaldi, Edoardo, and Dario, Paolo

Abstract

This paper describes the principles and theoretical investigations, supported by experimental measurements, aimed at designing and developing a novel mechatronic system for soil exploration, inspired by the apical part of the plant roots, named apex. Each single plant root has to move through the substrate, orienting itself along the gravity vector and locating water and nutrients. In the same way, the mechatronic apex can steer in all directions and it embeds a gravity sensor, a soil moisture gradient detector, as well as the electronics for sensory data acquisition and steering control. A bio-inspired algorithm reproducing the gravitropism and hydrotropism behaviors, typical of plants, was developed and tested on a purposive prototype of the mechatronic apex system, actuated by hydraulic pumps. Moreover, the design and testing of a novel bio-inspired osmotic actuator module, composed of three cells separated by couples of osmotic and ion-selective membranes, is also presented. Preliminary prototypes developed in acrylic material for testing the gravitropism and hydrotropism behaviors are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2011
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37. A vibrating microcantilever sensor for microrobotic applications

Author

Edqvist, Erik, Corradi, Paolo, Edqvist, Erik, and Corradi, Paolo

Abstract

In order to actively interact with the environment and to perform advanced tasks, microrobots need to be equipped with sensing tools to detect object and obstacles, and eventually manipulate and transport micro-parts. The concept, design, simulations and first characterization of a simple multifunctional microsystem, a vibrating microcantilever, capable of working as touch sensor and potentially as manipulation tool with feedback sensing is presented. The presented microcantilever was designed to be integrated onboard a microrobot of about 3 × 3 × 3 mm3. The microcantilever is applied as a sensing antenna on the microrobot in order to recognize objects or obstacles through direct contact, causing a voltage drop in a feedback layer. The microcantilever produced is 2.85×0.45×0.098 mm, and the experiments verified that it could be used as a contact sensor featuring high sensitivity with extremely low power consumption and good mass-manufacturability.

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