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This year in review presents key highlights from research relating to osteoarthritis (OA) rehabilitation published from the 1st April 2021 to the 18th March 2022. To identify studies for inclusion in the review, an electronic database search was carried out in Medline, Embase and CINAHLplus. Following screening, included studies were grouped according to their predominant topic area, including core OA rehabilitation treatments (education, exercise, weight loss), adjunctive treatments, novel and emerging treatments or research methods, and translation of rehabilitation evidence into practice. Studies of perceived high clinical importance, quality, or controversy in the field were selected for inclusion in the review. Headline findings include: the positive role of technology to support remote delivery of core OA rehabilitation treatments, the importance of delivering educational interventions alongside exercise, the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a stepped approach to exercise, controversy around the potential mechanisms of action of exercise, mixed findings regarding the use of splinting for thumb base OA, increasing research on blood flow restriction training as a potential new intervention for OA, and evidence that the beneficial effects from core OA treatments seen in randomised controlled trials can be seen when implemented in clinical practice. A consistent finding across several recently published systematic reviews is that randomised controlled trials testing OA rehabilitation interventions are often small, with some risk of bias. Whilst future research is warranted, it needs to be large scale and robust, to enable definitive answers to important remaining questions in the field of OA rehabilitation.

We thank Zhang et al. (2021) for their interest in our work (Corp et al 2021). As the authors point out these are new versions of the AGREE reporting tools and inevitably there will be some delay in their implementation. Overall, we concur that in the future teams conducting reviews of guidelines should take the points raised in this letter into consideration.

Background and objective: This systematic review synthesized evidence from European neck and low back pain (NLBP) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to identify recommended treatment options for use across Europe. Databases and Data Treatment: Comprehensive searches of thirteen databases were conducted, from 1st January 2013 to 4th May 2020 to identify up-to-date evidence-based European CPGs for primary care management of NLBP, issued by professional bodies/organizations. Data extracted included; aim and target population, methods for development and implementation and treatment recommendations. The AGREE II checklist was used to critically appraise guidelines. Criteria were devised to summarize and synthesize the direction and strength of recommendations across guidelines. Results: Seventeen CPGs (11 low back; 5 neck; 1 both) from eight European countries were identified, of which seven were high quality. For neck pain, there were consistent weak or moderate strength recommendations for: reassurance, advice and education, manual therapy, referral for exercise therapy/programme, oral analgesics and topical medications, plus psychological therapies or multidisciplinary treatment for specific subgroups. Notable recommendation differences between back and neck pain included, i) analgesics for neck pain (not for back pain); ii) options for back pain-specific subgroups—work-based interventions, return to work advice/programmes and surgical interventions (but not for neck pain) and iii) a greater strength of recommendations (generally moderate or strong) for back pain than those for neck pain. Conclusions: This review of European CPGs identified a range of mainly non-pharmacological recommended treatment options for NLBP that have broad consensus for use across Europe. Significance: Consensus regarding evidence-based treatment recommendations for patients with neck and low back pain (NLBP) from recent European clinical practice guidelines identifies a wide range of predo

A study was undertaken to investigate seawater velocity thresholds and failure modes for three selected marine coatings under non-cavitating, parallel flow ranging from 3 to 30 m/s. The study was accomplished in a flow channel using natural seawater. The results indicate: (1) the velocity threshold for two of the three coatings investigated might exceed 30 m/s (2) blister formation appears to be the critical part of the damage process leading to gross failure (3) under the given set of experimental conditions, hydromechanical wear is negligible (4) electrical impedance measurements enable non-destructive detection of impending coating failure (5) parallel flow is not as damaging as impinging or cavitating flow in the velocity range between 15 and 30 m/s. (Author), Original contains color plates: All DDC reproductions will be in black and white.

This workbook contains part of the material for a training course in coherent narrowband and wideband radar signal analysis for size and shape estimation. Topics covered: signal processing methods, rotational motion simulation and parameter estimation, radar image relationships, and model range data examples. (Author)

Documented in this report are the primary tasks accomplished under the project titled, 'Reconnaissance Sensor System Exploitation'. It is intended to present a brief summary of the sensor evaluations and exploitation of reconnaissance equipment and techniques performed under the program. Support provided in the RADC/IRR Reconnaissance Data Base along with the4 support provided by the Northeast Test Area (NETA) is also included. A brief description of the programs that were supported at the Military Equipment Display and Engineering Area (Stockbridge Test Annex) offer the reader a summary of the equipment and support available to reconnaissance sensor test programs. Detailed information on any of the efforts completed during the contract may be obtained from RADC/IRRE, Griffiss AFB NY 13441.

The flight deck cleaning detergent specified by NAVSHIPS Bulletin is a highly alkaline, 3% sodium metasilicate solution. It was found to accelerate corrosion of the aluminum track covers on the USS Roosevelt. Laboratory tests showed that sodium naphthenate at a proper concentration inhibits corrosion of aluminum in alkaline solutions. However, sodium naphthenate degrades the cleansing ability of the metasilicate/detergent solution on certain soiling mediums. Thus, it does not appear feasible to use sodium naphthenate as an additive in deck cleaning solutions. (Author)

Effective protective coatings are required to prevent corrosion of hardware components around the launch area of aircraft carriers. The uniquely severe environment characteristic of the launch area, as well as the adverse conditions under which coating maintenance must be accomplished, has made selection of an optimum coating doubtful. The results of 1 year simulated exposure tests indicate that a MIL SPEC epoxy coating applied in 2 or 3 coats to achieve an 8 mil build is equal to any of the maintenance-type coatings presently available and should have an adequate service life. The results also suggest that, where complete removal of rust is not possible, a zinc chromate primer available within the Navy Supply System is equal to the proprietary 'rust-stabilizing' primers currently on the market. (Author)

A study was undertaken to examine the corrosion behavior of 5456-H117 aluminum in high velocity seawater. Experimental data was obtained using a high velocity flow channel operated with natural seawater. The results show that both the rate and mode of corrosion are velocity-dependent. The corrosion rate was shown to increase significantly with increasing velocity. Morphological changes were observed as a function of velocity. The observed changes suggest that the basic mechanism for high velocity corrosion of 5456-H117 aluminum involves film disruption/removal leading to enhanced micropitting about intermetallic particles. (Author)

This report describes a series of tests to evaluate a system for rapidly repairing airfield pavement using polymer concrete (synthetic polymer plus aggregate), thermally cured by microwave power. The technique, developed by the Syracuse University Research Corporation (SURC) for highway maintenance, uses a truck-mounted 50-kilowatt microwave generator to irradiate areas patched with polymer concrete. Test results indicate that the polymer concrete can be cured in a fraction of an hour, bonds well to old pavement material, is very strong, and possesses other qualities which make it naturally suited for airfield use.

Sprayed-in-place urethane foam is currently used by the Navy to seal deck openings and provide a weather resistant barrier for exposed deck areas on inactive ships. The Navy is now using a fiber-reinforced, asphalt-base coating as a protective topcoat to provide increased waterproofing as well as resistance to photochemical deterioration. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate alternate coatings and compare the cost effectiveness of the currently-used asphalt-base coating with alternate coatings. The tests included impact, adhesion, moisture penetration, simulated footwear, flammability, and atmospheric exposure. The report presents the results of the test program. Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.

The objective of the study was to determine if techniques could be intergrated to form an on-line, real-time system for imaging objects. An additional objective of the investigation was to determine the hardware and software required to implement such a system to assess its overall effectiveness. A hardware/software system was devised that demonstrated the feasibility of producing images in near real-time from wideband radar data. The appropriate algorithms were developed to demonstrate the technique, and subsystem interactions are documented in flow diagrams. In addition, reduced cost/capacity systems were investigated; each of these systems is capable of producing real-time images. (Modified author abstract)

Contents: Uptake and metabolism of DDT by six species of marine algae; Fate of dieldrin in selected species of marine algae; Effects, uptake and metabolism of methoxychlor in marine algae; Effects of carbaryl and 1-naphthol on growth and photosynthesis in marine algae; Metabolism of carbaryl and 1-naphthol by marine bacteria and fungi.

As part of a continuing project of language analysis, SURC presents its final manual. This manual is an explanation of the procedures used to collect and analyse data for this project. After explaining the theory and application of the methodology, the manual discusses specific problems encountered in the design, administration and analysis of the language data collected. (Modified author abstract)

The report is a frequency analysis of vocabulary and sentence patterns in the English language. The corpora used are a media sample, a discussion session, elicited sentences, and words elicited for frame sentences. The outputs are the following frequency tables: (a) Semantic frequency of combined corpus (media, discussion, elicitied sentences) listed alphabetically with inflectional and derivational variants as sub-entries; (b) semantic frequency of combined corpus listed by frequency; (c) sentence pattern frequency from corpus of elicited sentences; (d) H-ranks and phi-coefficients for corpus of elicited words. (Author)

As part of a continuing project of language analysis, SURC presents an essay on the nature and history of frequency counts. The first section deals with the history of such counts and traces them from Early Hellenic times to the present. Section Two is an analysis of techniques used and describes the capabilities and limitations of frequency counts taken in both the English and foreign languages. Section Three is an analysis of the statistical lawfulness of vocabulary distributions and presents a comparison and evaluation of the theoretical models to describe vocabulary distributions. Section Four is an annotated bibliograpy used with an author index provided. (Author)

A number of marine microorganisms including algae, bacteria, fungi and yeasts were treated for their ability to metabolize carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methyl-carbamate) and 1-naphthol. None of the species included in the study were able to degrade carbaryl to a significant extent. Conversion of 1-naphthol to ether-soluble and water-soluble metabolites was observed in cultures of Culcitalna achraspora, Halosphaeria mediosetigera, Humicola alopallonella, Aspergillus fumigatus, Serratia marina, Spirrillum sp. and Flavobacterium sp. The first three organisms were more effective in degrading 1-naphthol to water-soluble metabolites than the remaining species. A very small amount of carbaryl was metabolized to water-soluble metabolites by the algae Cyclotella nana and Dunaliella tertiolecta. 1-naphthol was more toxic to the algae Cyclotella and Dunaliella than the parent compound, carbaryl. Cyclotella was more sensitive to both carbaryl and 1-naphthol than Dunaliella. Treatment with .00002M carbaryl or 1-naphthol reduced photosynthetic CO2 fixation in Cyclotella. (Author), See also report dated 14 Jun 72, AD-744 034.

Contrary to the situation only 15 years ago, insulating materials are available today that have such superior moisture-resisting properties that this condition is no longer considered a serious hazard to cable operation. Not only has the development of new insulating materials and compounds contributed to this situation but the development of suitable laboratory yardsticks or test methods to correctly evaluate moisture-resistance has also afforded a necessary contribution. Because of the various possible effects of moisture on insulation, the end-use should be analyzed carefully before arriving at a choice of materials and design. (Author), Presented at the Symposium on Technical Progress in Communication Wires and Cables (1st), Asbury Park, N. J. 8-10 Dec 52.

A discussion of the theoretical considerations which were necessary in selecting an aperture size is presented. Also included is a system hardware section which covers the receiver and phasemeter tests, and analytical work pertinent to the satelite antenna development. Finally, the initial system testing performed at SURC is discussed and analyzed. Appendices include the software developed, ionospheric records collected during the test, and an errata pertaining to the n-mode wave interference analysis. (Author)

An effective zero order scattering theory for perfect conductors, consistent with monostatic high range resolution radar concepts, is developed. With the aid of this theory, a basic Inverse Scattering Identity is then developed that states that the characteristic function (in three-dimensional space) of a scatterer is related to the field cross-section (in three-dimensional k-space) by a three-dimensional Fourier Transform. Uniqueness of the inverse for finite sized scatterers is established. A general inverse scattering solution is then developed that permits the determination of an appropriate maximum of information about a scatterer from incomplete scattering data. The specific solution for a finite three-dimensional aperture in the physical optics regime is then developed. The solutions developed in this report can thus be viewed as solutions to the frequency band limited and aspect angle limited short pulse synthetic aperture imaging (and associated data processing) problem; except that the solutions presented are based on rigorous electromagnetic scattering and inverse scattering theory applicable to spatially distributed scatterers, yielding Real Geometrical images; vis-a-vis the conventional heuristic approach based on radar and isolated point scatterers (scattering centers) concepts, yielding Radar images.

An in-house-built model of a non-coherent doppler, monopulse tracking radar, (modified AN/TPS-25) was refined, tested and hardened to a point suitable for tracking tests. Tracking tests were run on a jeep vehicle using a movie camera to record tracking data. (Author)