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Soccer is a discontinuous sport that requires brief intermittent actions of high intensity and short duration. For which, it is necessary an adequate level of physical condition of the athletes, hence, the purpose of the present work is to determine the effects of the high intensity intervallic training program (HITT) on the capacity to repeat sprints (RSA) and the synthesis of lactate in blood in soccer players in the men's national team of the University of Cuenca. A quasi-experimental, correlational design was used. Two evaluations were carried out: an initial or pre-intervention and a final or post-intervention evaluation of the ability to repeat sprints, based on the RSA test proposed by Fitzsimons et al. (1993), in addition, basal and final lactate levels were evaluated jointly with the Lactate Plus portable analyzer. A HIIT training program with combined actions of 5 weeks duration with a total of 10 sessions was developed. The results showed statistically significant changes (p>0.05), obtaining the following values: mean RSA from 7.83 s to 7.46 s; best RSA from 7.38 s to 7.10 s; total RSA from 47.01 s to 44.76 s; fatigue index from 4.87% to 2.91%; basal lactate from 3.04 mmol/L to 1.66 mmol/L and final lactate from 14.77 mmol/L to 10.84 mmol/L. These values corroborate that HIIT training with combined actions improves the different variables of the study. Its application is recommended in amateur teams as it is a simple and replicable program.

Pedagogical Models (PM) are based on theoretical premises about teaching and learning, it is necessary to understand the variables of the context and the particularities of the students in order to apply them effectively to PE. The study aims to evaluate the effect of the Hybridization of Pedagogical Models (HMP): Sports Education (DE) and Comprehensive Sports Education (CSE) on motivation, satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) and the intention to be physically active of high school students of the Herlinda Toral Educational Unit. The study used a quasi-experimental design with causal scope, 261 students of 1st; 2nd; 3rd year of General Unified High School (BGU), aged between 15 and 18 years old, participated. A Hybrid Didactic Unit (UDH) based on the MPs: ED and ECD was applied for 6 weeks (12 sessions of 35 minutes). To determine the effect of the intervention, a two-sample t-test with a significance level of 5% and Cohen's test were applied. To establish the degree of fidelity, the video sessions were objectively assessed. The results showed significant variations in intrinsic motivation, motivational regulations, NPB satisfaction and novelty; there are no significant changes in the intention to be physically active. It is concluded that it is possible to obtain positive results by implementing programs that hybridize PM in the context of teaching PE.

Motor coordination as a capacity, is decisive when executing a motor action in an efficient and harmonious way. However, a poor stimulation of this capacity during the school stage produces both motor and cognitive problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on motor coordination after the implementation of a mini-athletics ludotechnical program in middle school students of the Ángel Polivio Chávez School of Basic Education. Regarding the methodology, this study has a quasi-experimental design. The participants were 27 males and 21 females between 9 and 11 years of age, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. In the control group 30 schoolchildren participated, while the intervention group consisted of 18 schoolchildren. Coordination was assessed using the 3JS test. The intervention program lasted 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week. For statistical analysis, the data was entered into the SPSS program. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Regarding the results, there was a significant increase in the level of coordination of the schoolchildren belonging to the experimental group (Z=3.6; p<0.05). However, the male gender presented a higher increase (Z=2.8; p=0.005) compared to the female gender (Z=2.4; p=0.01). In conclusion, the implementation of the miniathletics ludotechnical program produced positive effects on the motor coordination capacity of the students of the Ángel Polivio Chávez Basic Education School.

Nowadays, physical fitness is directly linked to people's health. For this reason, it is essential to develop it in adolescence in order to prevent non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Therefore, it is important to consider a dynamic, fast, cooperative and easy-to-learn sport such as handball, since it can favor physical, cognitive or social aspects. The purpose of the study was to implement a handball program as a strategy to improve the physical condition of high school students of the Herlinda Toral Educational Unit. Regarding the methodology, a quantitative approach was used, convenience sampling; the participation of 36 women and 27 men, pre-experimental design; a handball program (treatment) was applied for 14 weeks in an intervention group (without control group) with the purpose of evaluating physical condition through the Alpha Fitness extended version battery. With respect to the statistical analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Excel 2019 and SPSS Statics 20 were used for data recording and analysis. In turn, the results of the study were the decrease in anthropometric measurements, in the case of the long jump the increase of 7 cm, in the manual pressure the improvement of 2.06 kg, in the motor capacity the reduction of 1s 81ms and the prolongation in cardiovascular endurance. However, the men presented a significant superiority in the manual pressure and motor capacity tests. In conclusion, the application of the handball program has positive effects on the physical condition of high school students of the Herlinda Toral Educational Unit.

Book 2 multidisciplinary research, in its social sciences section, includes chapters that seek to update the knowledge obtained through observation and experimentation, through the use of certain new and modern technological tools, which can improve the student's English language learning skills. English is today the language of international communication, and is therefore an indispensable requirement in all areas of education for its advancement and development. Another chapter highlights the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on the tourism and sports sectors, which are closely related, and which during the critical period of the pandemic led to event cancellations, financial losses, job cuts, producing a serious problem in these sectors that subsisted on events with crowds of people; but which, unfortunately, due to SARS VOC 2, had a considerable decrease in income. Finally, the Social Sciences book presents the chapter on quality management of higher education in Ecuador which explores the importance of implementing effective quality management systems within the scope of higher education institutions. Recognising the growing importance of academic excellence and increasing competition among educational institutions, the article emphasises the need for sound quality management practices to ensure the delivery of high quality education and student-centred services., El libro 2 investigación multidisciplinaria, en su apartado ciencias sociales, incluye capítulos, que busca actualizar los conocimientos obtenidos mediante la observación y la experimentación, a través del uso de ciertas herramientas tecnológicas nuevas y modernas, que pueden mejorar las destrezas del estudiante para el aprendizaje del idioma inglés. El inglés se constituye hoy en día en el idioma de la comunicación internacional, y, por tanto, es un requisito indispensable en todas las áreas de educación para su avance y desarrollo. Se destaca otro capítulo acerca del impacto de la Pandemia por Covid- 19 en el sector del turismo y deporte, que están estrechamente relacionados, y que durante el período crítico de la pandemia conllevó cancelaciones de eventos, pérdidas financieras, recortes de empleos, produciendo un serio problema en estos sectores que subsistían de eventos con multitudes de personas; pero que, lamentablemente por el SARS COV 2, tuvieron una disminución considerable de ingresos. Finalmente, el libro de Ciencias Sociales presenta el capítulo acerca de la gestión de calidad de la educación superior en el Ecuador que explora la importancia de implementar sistemas efectivos de gestión de la calidad dentro del ámbito de las instituciones de educación superior. Al reconocer la creciente importancia de la excelencia académica y la creciente competencia entre las instituciones educativas, el artículo enfatiza la necesidad de prácticas sólidas de gestión de la calidad para garantizar la entrega de una educación de alta calidad y servicios centrados en el estudiante universitario.

Volleyball studies in male pre-adolescents are scarce but important to maintain competitiveness in sports tournaments. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a specific plyometric exercise program using sports implements to improve explosive strength in 13–15-year-old volleyball players. There were two groups: a control group (CG, n=12) and an experimental group (EG, n=13). The CG performed a conventional plyometric program and the GE a plyometric program with implements (jump trainer, resistance harness, resistance bands, etc.) for a period of twelve weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention jumping ability was assessed using the Block Jump, Attack Jump, Abalakov and Squat Jump tests. T-tests and Cohen's test were applied to identify statistical differences in jumping and intervention effect size (TE). Both groups presented a gain in jumping ability in the 4 tests, however the only statistically significant gain was presented in the Abalakov test (p=0.02), specifically the gain was 5.415±2.60cm and a TE=0.54 (median effect) for the GE and 3.066±2.63cm and a TE of 0.73 (median effect) for the GC. It is concluded that the plyometric exercise program with implements improved the vertical jump measured with the Abalakov Test, which better simulates game conditions. It is advisable to continue with studies focused on explosive strength in this age group, considering the sports experience and physiologi-cal development of the individual; it is also important that training programs include other components (e.g., strength and speed training, nutrition-al advice, and/or mental health) that could influence explosive strength, Os estudos de voleibol em pré-adolescentes masculinos são escassos mas necessários para manter a competitividade nos torneios despor-tivos. O objectivo do estudo era analisar o efeito de um programa específico de exercício plyométrico utilizando implementos desportivos para melhorar a força explosiva em jogadores de voleibol dos 13-15 anos. Havia dois grupos: um grupo de controlo (CG, n=12) e um grupo experimen-tal (EG, n=13). O CG realizou um programa plyométrico convencional e o GE um programa plyométrico com implementos (treinador de saltos, arnês de resistência, bandas de resistência, etc.) durante um período de doze semanas. A capacidade de salto pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção foi avaliada usando os testes Block Reach, Attack Reach, Abalakov e Squat Jump. Os testes T e o teste de Cohen foram aplicados para identificar dife-renças estatísticas em salto e tamanho do efeito de intervenção (TE). Ambos os grupos mostraram um ganho na capacidade de saltar nos 4 testes, contudo o único ganho estatisticamente significativo foi no teste Abalakov (p=0,02), especificamente o ganho foi de 5,415±2,60cm e um TE=0,54 (efeito mediano) para o GE e 3,066±2,63cm e um TE de 0,73 (efeito mediano) para o GC. Conclui-se que o programa de exercício plyométrico com implementos melhorou o salto vertical medido com o Teste Abalakov, que simula melhor as condições de jogo. É aconselhável continuar com estudos centrados na força explosiva neste grupo etário, considerando a experiência desportiva e o desenvolvimento fisiológico do indivíduo; é também importante que os programas de treino incluam outros componentes (por exemplo, treino de força e velocidade, nutrição e/ou saúde mental) que possam influenciar a força explosiva., Los estudios de voleibol en pre-adolescentes masculinos son escasos pero necesarios para mantener la competitividad en torneos depor-tivos. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicios pliométricos específicos a través de implementos deportivos para mejorar la fuerza explosiva en voleibolistas de 13-15 años. Se contaron con dos grupos: un grupo control (GC, n=12) y un grupo experimental (GE, n=13). El GC realizó un programa pliométrico convencional y el GE un programa pliométrico con implementos (entrenador de salto, arnes de resistencia, bandas de resistencia, etc.) por un periodo de doce semanas. La capacidad de salto pre-intervención y post-intervención se evaluó mediante las pruebas Alcance de Bloqueo, Alcance de Ataque, Abalakov y Squat Jump. Se aplicó pruebas-t y el test de Cohen para identificar dife-rencias estadísticas en el salto y el tamaño del efecto de la intervención (TE). Ambos grupos presentaron una ganancia en la capacidad de salto en las 4 pruebas, sin embargo, la única ganancia estadísticamente significativa se presentó en la prueba Abalakov (p=0.02), específicamente la ganancia fue de 5.415±2.60cm y un TE=0.54 (efecto mediano) para el GE y de 3.066±2.63cm y un TE de 0.73 (efecto mediano) para el GC. Se concluye que el programa de ejercicios pliométricos con implementos mejoró el salto vertical medido con la Prueba de Abalakov, el cual simula mejor las condi-ciones de juego. Es aconsejable continuar con estudios enfocados en la fuerza explosiva de este grupo etario, considerando la experiencia deportiva y desarrollo fisiológico del individuo; así también es importante que los programas de entrenamiento incluyan otros componentes (e.g. entrenamiento de la fuerza y velocidad, alimentación, y/o salud mental) que podrían influir en la fuerza explosiva.

asic Motor Skills (BMS) are those actions that are present in human evolution, must be evaluated and stimulated from an early age in order to generate a solid motor base prior to learning more complex skills. Objective: To evaluate the effects of gamification on the development of Basic Motor Skills of children of the Initial II sublevel of the Ángel Polivio Chávez school. Methodology: For this intervention, a study with a quantitative approach was used, convenience sampling; with the participation of 10 girls and 3 boys, quasi-experimental design; A program was applied for 12 weeks to evaluate the effects of gamification on the development of Basic Motor Skills. Instrument: for the pre and post test evaluation, the modified Gallahue test was used, which is made up of 5 HMB: running, jumping, throwing, receiving and kicking. All these tests have a score, based on which it is classified to the participants according to their stage, for example: 1) Initial; 2) Elementary; 3) Mature. These tests contain referential tables that guide the evaluator in the assessment of each motor pattern, facilitating the determination of the stage in which each boy or girl is located. For the analysis of the data, we worked with the statistical program IBM SPSS. Results: the results show the significant improvement in the HMB of the race, managing to reach all the elementary stage while in the other skills it was not possible to overcome the stage. Conclusions: the use of gamification between the ages of 4 to 5 years was not beneficial for the development of HMB.

Volleyball studies in male pre-adolescents are scarce but important to maintain competitiveness in sports tournaments. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a specific plyometric exercise program using sports implements to improve explosive strength in 13–15-year-old volleyball players. There were two groups: a control group (CG, n=12) and an experimental group (EG, n=13). The CG performed a conventional plyometric program and the GE a plyometric program with implements (jump trainer, resistance harness, resistance bands, etc.) for a period of twelve weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention jumping ability was assessed using the Block Jump, Attack Jump, Abalakov and Squat Jump tests. T-tests and Cohen's test were applied to identify statistical differences in jumping and intervention effect size (TE). Both groups presented a gain in jumping ability in the 4 tests, however the only statistically significant gain was presented in the Abalakov test (p=0.02), specifically the gain was 5.415±2.60cm and a TE=0.54 (median effect) for the GE and 3.066±2.63cm and a TE of 0.73 (median effect) for the GC. It is concluded that the plyometric exercise program with implements improved the vertical jump measured with the Abalakov Test, which better simulates game conditions. It is advisable to continue with studies focused on explosive strength in this age group, considering the sports experience and physiologi-cal development of the individual; it is also important that training programs include other components (e.g., strength and speed training, nutrition-al advice, and/or mental health) that could influence explosive strength

Quality is a fundamental principle of educational policies in Ecuador. In this sense, the objective of the research is to describe the bibliometric indicators of the scientific production indexed in the broad-spectrum database Web of Science related to educational quality in the context of Ecuadorian education. The research is descriptive, comparative and retrospective, 15 documents were selected using search equations applied to the Web of Science database. The results provide indicators of production, visibility, impact and collaboration, identifying a decreasing production rate with a variation rate of -85.71%. It is concluded that there is a reduced interest in conducting studies that lead to understanding and proposing processes that improve the quality of education and, the studies conducted in the study period are focused on determining various strategies to improve the quality of Ecuadorian education, especially in educational management and evaluation, as well as curricular adaptation inherent in the processes of student training., La calidad es un principio fundamental de las políticas educativas en Ecuador. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la investigación es describir los indicadores bibliométricos de la producción científica indexada en la base de datos de espectro amplio Web of Science relacionada con la calidad educativa en el contexto de la educación ecuatoriana. La investigación es descriptiva, comparativa y de carácter retrospectiva, se seleccionaron 15 documentos usando ecuaciones de búsqueda aplicadas a la base de datos Web of Science. Los resultados proporcionan indicadores de producción, visibilidad, impacto y colaboración, identificando un ritmo de producción decreciente con una tasa de variación del -85,71%. Se concluye que existe un reducido interés por realizar estudios que conlleven a entender y proponer procesos que mejoren la calidad educativa y, los estudios realizados en el periodo de estudio se enfocan en determinar diversas estrategias que permitan mejorar la calidad de la educación ecuatoriana, especialmente en la gerencia y evaluación educativa, así como la adaptación curricular inherente en los procesos de formación estudiantil.

Quality is a fundamental principle of educational policies in Ecuador. In this sense, the objective of the research is to describe the bibliometric indicators of the scientific production indexed in the broadspectrum database Web of Science related to educational quality in the context of Ecuadorian education. The research is descriptive, comparative and retrospective, 15 documents were selected using search equations applied to the Web of Science database. The results provide indicators of production, visibility, impact and collaboration, identifying a decreasing production rate with a variation rate of -85.71%. It is concluded that there is a reduced interest in conducting studies that lead to understanding and proposing processes that improve the quality of education and, the studies conducted in the study period are focused on determining various strategies to improve the quality of Ecuadorian education, especially in educational management and evaluation, as well as curricular adaptation inherent in the processes of student training.

The objective of the project was: To determine the effects of a teaching proposal based on the Adventure Education Pedagogical Model on the need for Novelty in Physical Education classes of eighth-year students of the San Juan de Jerusalem Basic Education School. The sample consisted of 33 students (13 women and 20 men) with a mean age of 13 years. The research design is of a cross-sectional semi-experimental type. For pre- and post-test data collection, the Need for Novelty Satisfaction and Frustration Scale was used. The SPSS v25 statistical program was used for data analysis; The Parametric Statistical Test Paired Data T-Test. The results showed a positive effect on the satisfaction of the Psychological Need for Novelty (NPN), especially in the male gender. Since the levels increased on a scale compared to the pre-test. In the case of frustration, the level decreased on a scale in relation to the start of the intervention. In conclusion, the application of a teaching program based on the Adventure Education Pedagogical Model (MPEA) in a Physical Education (PE) context is useful to improve satisfaction levels and reduce NPN frustration

The research objective was to analyze the relationship between motivation and the level of initial and permanent academic preparation in teachers (Higher EGB Level and BGU) of Physical Education in the Cuenca canton. For this cross-sectional study, a total of 110 teachers were evaluated, 72 men and 38 women, for the measurement of the variables the survey “C.A.P.E.D (Cuestionario para el Análisis de la Planificación y la Enseñanza del Deporte”) Survey for the Analysis of Planning and Teaching of Sport” by Ureña Ortín et al. from 2008 and “La técnica DIP-EF para el diagnóstico de la motivación profesional en profesores de educación física” by González Maura and López Rodríguez from 2002. The tool used for data analysis was the Microsoft Excel 2019 program and the IBM SPSS Statistics 24 statistical analysis platform. Using these tools, it was found that most of the respondents enjoy their profession, on the contrary, there is a level of contradiction between the satisfaction and motivation of the profession, for which 48 of the surveyed teachers expressed that they would like to practice another profession, due to the difficulties to work in the PE area. Finally, it was identified that there is no relationship between the two main variables due to different external factors related to the present situation in the country, such as unemployment and the economic crisis.

In modern times, humanity has been affected by a global pandemic caused by the virus called: Sars Cov-2, which significantly affected the normal development of anthropocentric activities and caused several governments, including the Ecuadorian, declare the state of exception that confined people in a massive way in their homes. However, the willing confinement has caused several health problems in the population, since, by preventing the free movement of people, several sports activities were also restricted, which caused a significant percentage of individuals to plunge into sedentary lifestyle, on the other hand, those athletes, with established exercise routines, lost muscle mass due to not having specialized equipment. Faced with this social problem, this research project aims to develop a training guide to develop muscle hypertrophy at home to obtain results similar to those expected in a gym. To carry out the aforementioned, a bibliographic review begins among the main digital repositories of a scientific nature to identify the main exercise techniques to develop muscle hypertrophy, then a classification of the exercises found by muscle groups and levels of exercise is made. difficulty, finally, a home training guide is developed for 3 different cases: beginners, intermediate and advanced. Among the main results obtained, it was found that there are two ways to develop hypertrophy, both at a fibrillar and sarcoplasmic level, in addition, it was evidenced that home routines can obtain results similar to those of a gym by incorporating into the routines an adequate balance between intensity, frequency and volume of training.

The objective of this investigation was to help develop better children’s motor skills using fundamentals of soccer in school age children in Cuenca 2019. For this investigation we used a two different methods one for control and one for intervention we used this methods to evaluate 51 students from “Nuestra Familia” the 25 students belong to the 3rd Grade A, and the other 26 belong to the 3rd Grade B. To grade and evaluate this experiment we used the pro and pre test form the Gallahue method, this method has 5 different levels one to measure of speed, jump, throw, kicking, and passing, we also used 3 levels divided into 1-5 points for beginners, 6- 10 for intermiadate and 11-15 for advance, after using these methods and recording the results and the increase of 5 points after the intervention, we have concluded that this method is successful. Using soccer as a method to help develop better motor skills shows a very positive and enriching growth in our students, we have come to the conclusion that using these methods help with children’s motor skills

This paper aims to conduct a comparative study between the methodologies of teaching and learning traditional and constructivist model based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) in physical education classes with students the years we tenths of General Basic Education Jose Rafael Arízaga the School of the city of Cuenca. The study was conducted in order to verify the problem, observation sheets initially applied to physical education teachers of the institution. Subsequently, for comparative analysis two groups were chosen. The tenth year of EGB parallel A (Group 1 called control group) and the tenth B (experimental group 2). The first group worked with the teachers of the institution developing the topics of curriculum blocks: Natural Movements, Games and Training, Artistic and Expressive Movement, the second developed the same themes but the teaching-learning process was based on the ABP. The results of the application of the two methodologies were evident in assessments to students (Skills with performance criterion). The analysis of the results obtained during the evaluation process, allowed to compare methodologies thus highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation in physical education classes.

This thesis includes the development of a methodology, through Aquaerobics in older adults as a means of recreation and rehabilitation, with these activities, a different way of exercising and taking as a means water, which than its benefits It reduces impact on joints, making the physical work easier to perform. In turn this program is applied to a universe of 18 people belonging to the Union of Retirees of the IESS in the City of Cuenca. The realization of this thesis consists of 5 chapters that detailed in each what the Aquaerobics, the description of the Elderly, the type of activities carried out within the Aquaerobics, as well as evaluations carried out in this type of people to determine whether activities are beneficial and help improving health or otherwise harm. Likewise when performing this thesis topic is useful because now this is a novel method of exercise is not in effect in the City of Cuenca and the country is little awareness on the part of the population. Therefore Aquaerobics is a new proposal in the country and in the city in order to run with any kind of people of different ages, abilities and fitness.