103 results on '"Cornuault P"'
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2. Strong dependency of the tribological behavior of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses on relative humidity in ambient air
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Barlemont, Solène, Laffont, Paul, Daudin, Rémi, Lenain, Alexis, Colas, Guillaume, and Cornuault, Pierre-Henri
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- 2023
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3. The Dekel-Zhao profile: A mass-dependent dark-matter density profile with flexible inner slope and analytic potential, velocity dispersion, and lensing properties
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Freundlich, Jonathan, Jiang, Fangzhou, Dekel, Avishai, Cornuault, Nicolas, Ginzburg, Omry, Koskas, Rémy, Lapiner, Sharon, Dutton, Aaron A., and Macciò, Andrea V.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We explore a function with two shape parameters for the dark-matter halo density profile subject to baryonic effects, which is a special case of the general Zhao family of models applied to simulated dark matter haloes by Dekel et al. This profile has variable inner slope and concentration parameter, and analytic expressions for the gravitational potential, velocity dispersion, and lensing properties. Using the NIHAO cosmological simulations, we find that it provides better fits than the Einasto profile and the generalized NFW profile with variable inner slope, in particular towards the halo centers. We show that the profile parameters are correlated with the stellar-to-halo mass ratio $M_{\rm star}/M_{\rm vir}$. This defines a mass-dependent density profile describing the average dark matter profiles in all galaxies, which can be directly applied to observed rotation curves of galaxies, gravitational lenses, and semi-analytic models of galaxy formation or satellite-galaxy evolution. The effect of baryons manifests itself by a significant flattening of the inner density slope and a 20\% decrease of the concentration parameter for $M_{\rm star}/M_{\rm vir} = 10^{-3.5}$ to $10^{-2}$, corresponding to $M_{\rm star} \sim 10^{7-10} M_\odot$. The accuracy by which this profile fits simulated galaxies is similar to certain multi-parameter, mass-dependent profiles, but its fewer parameters and analytic nature make it most desirable for many purposes., Comment: Accepted by MNRAS, 22 pages (main) + 15 pages (appendices)
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- 2020
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4. Nature and origin of variations in pelagic carbonate production in the tropical ocean since the mid-Miocene (ODP Site 927)
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P. Cornuault, T. Westerhold, H. Pälike, T. Bickert, K.-H. Baumann, and M. Kucera
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Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Life ,QH501-531 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Marine plankton is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Whereas the production and seafloor export of organic carbon produced by the plankton, the biological pump, has received much attention, the long-term variability in plankton calcification, controlling the carbonate counter pump, remains less well understood. However, it has been shown that changes in pelagic calcification (biological compensation) could affect the ocean's buffering capacity and thus regulate global carbon budget on geological timescales. Here we use Neogene pelagic sediments deposited on the Ceara Rise in the tropical Atlantic to characterize the variability in pelagic carbonate production with a focus on warm climates. A re-evaluation of published records of carbonate accumulation at the Ceara Rise reveals a systematic increase in sedimentation rates since the late Miocene, but the carbonate accumulation rate does not show a clear trend. Instead, we observe substantial orbital timescale variability in carbonate accumulation, combined with a trend towards less carbonate on average at sites located below 4 km, likely due to the effect of carbonate dissolution. To evaluate long-term changes against possible orbital-scale variability, we generated new high-resolution records of carbonate accumulation rate at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 927 across two Quaternary interglacials (MIS 5 and MIS 9), the Pliocene warm period (MIS KM5) and the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO). We observe that the highest carbonate accumulation rates occurred during the Pliocene but that each of the studied intervals was characterized by large-magnitude orbital variability. Prominent variations in carbonate accumulation prior to the Quaternary preservation cycles appear to follow Earth obliquity and eccentricity. These results imply that pelagic carbonate accumulation in the tropical ocean, buffered from large temperature changes, varied on orbital timescales. The magnitude of the orbital-scale variability was similar or even higher than the long-term mean differences among the studied intervals. Since preservation can be excluded as a driver of these changes prior to the Quaternary, the observed variations must reflect changes in the export flux of pelagic biogenic carbonate. We conclude that the overall carbonate production by pelagic calcifiers responded to local changes in light, temperature, and nutrients delivered by upwelling, which followed long orbital cycles, as well as to long-term shifts in climate and/or ocean chemistry. The inferred changes on both timescales were sufficiently large such that when extrapolated on a global scale, they could have played a role in the regulation of the carbon cycle and global climate evolution during the transition from the Miocene warm climates into the Quaternary icehouse.
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- 2023
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5. A model for core formation in dark matter haloes and ultra diffuse galaxies by outflow episodes
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Freundlich, Jonathan, Dekel, Avishai, Jiang, Fangzhou, Ishai, Guy, Cornuault, Nicolas, Lapiner, Sharon, Dutton, Aaron A., and Maccio, Andrea V.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present a simple model for the response of a dissipationless spherical system to an instantaneous mass change at its center, describing the formation of flat cores in dark matter haloes and ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) from feedback-driven outflow episodes in a specific mass range. This model generalizes an earlier simplified analysis of an isolated shell into a system with continuous density, velocity and potential profiles. The response is divided into an instantaneous change of potential at constant velocities due to a given mass loss or gain, followed by energy-conserving relaxation to a new Jeans equilibrium. The halo profile is modeled by a two-parameter function with a variable inner slope and an analytic potential profile (Dekel et al. 2017), which enables determining the associated kinetic energy at equilibrium. The model is tested against NIHAO cosmological zoom-in simulations, where it successfully predicts the evolution of the inner dark-matter profile between successive snapshots in about 75% of the cases, failing mainly in merger situations. This model provides a simple understanding of the formation of dark-matter halo cores and UDGs by supernova-driven outflows, and a useful analytic tool for studying such processes., Comment: 27 pages, 22 figures, accepted by MNRAS
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- 2019
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6. Strong dependency of the tribological behavior of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses on relative humidity in ambient air
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Solène Barlemont, Paul Laffont, Rémi Daudin, Alexis Lenain, Guillaume Colas, and Pierre-Henri Cornuault
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Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs) ,tribology ,oxide transfer layer ,relative humidity (RH) ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
Abstract Thanks to their outstanding mechanical properties, Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs) are new alternatives to traditional crystalline metals for mechanical and micromechanical applications including power transmission. However, the tribological properties of BMGs are still poorly understood, mostly because their amorphous nature induces counter intuitive responses to friction and wear. In the present study, four different BMGs (Cu47Zr46Al7, Zr46Cu45Al7Nb2, Zr60Cu28Al12, and Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2) underwent ball-on-disc friction tests against 100Cr6 steel balls (American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 52100) at different relative humidities (RHs) ranging from 20% to 80%. Controlling humidity enabled to observe a high repeatability of the friction and wear responses of the BMG. Interestingly, the friction coefficient decreased by a factor of 2 when the humidity was increased, and the wear rate of BMGs was particularly low thanks to a 3rd-body tribolayer that forms on the BMG surface, composed of oxidized wear particles originating from the ball. The morphology of this tribolayer is highly correlated to humidity. The study also identifies how the tribolayer is built up from the initial contact until the steady state is achieved.
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- 2023
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7. Partial Mural Cell Ablation Disrupts Coronary Vasculature Integrity and Induces Systolic Dysfunction
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Lauriane Cornuault, François‐Xavier Hérion, Célia Bourguignon, Paul Rouault, Ninon Foussard, Philippe Alzieu, Candice Chapouly, Alain‐Pierre Gadeau, Thierry Couffinhal, and Marie‐Ange Renault
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cardiac function ,coronary microvasculature ,heart ,pericytes ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background Although the critical role of pericytes in maintaining vascular integrity has been extensively demonstrated in the brain and the retina, little is known about their role in the heart. We aim to investigate structural and functional consequences of partial pericyte depletion (≈60%) in the heart of adult mice. Methods and Results To deplete pericytes in adult mice, we used platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β–Cre/ERT2; RosaDTA mice and compared their phenotype with that of control mice (RosaDTA) chosen among their littermates. Cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography and left ventricular catheterization 1 month after the first tamoxifen injection. We found mice depleted with pericytes had a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and an increased end‐diastolic pressure, demonstrating both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Consistently, mice depleted with pericytes presented a decreased left ventricular contractility and an increased left ventricular relaxation time (dP/dtmin). At the tissue level, mice depleted of pericytes displayed increased coronary endothelium leakage and activation, which was associated with increased CD45+ cell infiltration. Consistent with systolic dysfunction, pericyte depletion was associated with an increased expression of myosin heavy chain 7 and decreased expression of ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2 and connexin 43. More important, coculture assays demonstrated, for the first time, that the decreased expression of connexin 43 is likely attributable to a direct effect of pericytes on cardiomyocytes. Besides, this study reveals that cardiac pericytes may undergo strong remodeling on injury. Conclusions Cardiac pericyte depletion induces both systolic and diastolic dysfunction, suggesting that pericyte dysfunction may contribute to the occurrence of cardiac diseases.
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- 2023
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8. Phage production is blocked in the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 upon macrophage infection.
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Pauline Misson, Emma Bruder, Jeffrey K Cornuault, Marianne De Paepe, Pierre Nicolas, Gaëlle Demarre, Goran Lakisic, Marie-Agnès Petit, Olivier Espeli, and François Lecointe
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains are frequently recovered from stools of patients with dysbiotic microbiota. They have remarkable properties of adherence to the intestinal epithelium, and survive better than other E. coli in macrophages. The best studied of these AIEC is probably strain LF82, which was isolated from a Crohn's disease patient. This strain contains five complete prophages, which have not been studied until now. We undertook their analysis, both in vitro and inside macrophages, and show that all of them form virions. The Gally prophage is by far the most active, generating spontaneously over 108 viral particles per mL of culture supernatants in vitro, more than 100-fold higher than the other phages. Gally is also over-induced after a genotoxic stress generated by ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. However, upon macrophage infection, a genotoxic environment, this over-induction is not observed. Analysis of the transcriptome and key steps of its lytic cycle in macrophages suggests that the excision of the Gally prophage continues to be repressed in macrophages. We conclude that strain LF82 has evolved an efficient way to block the lytic cycle of its most active prophage upon macrophage infection, which may participate to its good survival in macrophages.
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- 2023
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9. Cyclic evolution of phytoplankton forced by changes in tropical seasonality
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Beaufort, Luc, Bolton, Clara T., Sarr, Anta-Clarisse, Suchéras-Marx, Baptiste, Rosenthal, Yair, Donnadieu, Yannick, Barbarin, Nicolas, Bova, Samantha, Cornuault, Pauline, Gally, Yves, Gray, Emmeline, Mazur, Jean-Charles, and Tetard, Martin
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- 2022
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10. Are Cosmological Gas Accretion Streams Multiphase and Turbulent?
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Cornuault, Nicolas, Lehnert, Matthew, Boulanger, François, and Guillard, Pierre
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Simulations of cosmological filamentary accretion reveal flows ("streams") of warm gas, ~$10^4$ K, which are efficient in bringing gas into galaxies. We present a phenomenological scenario where gas in such flows -- if it is shocked as it enters the halo as we assume -- become biphasic and, as a result, turbulent. We consider a collimated stream of warm gas that flows into a halo from an over dense filament of the cosmic web. The post-shock streaming gas expands because it has a higher pressure than the ambient halo gas, and fragments as it cools. The fragmented stream forms a two phase medium: a warm cloudy phase embedded in hot post-shock gas. We argue that the hot phase sustains the accretion shock. A fraction of the initial kinetic energy of the infalling gas is converted into turbulence among and within the warm clouds. The thermodynamic evolution of the post-shock gas is largely determined by the relative timescales of several processes -- the cooling, the expansion of the post-shock gas, the amount of turbulence in the clouds, and the halo dynamics. We expect the gas to become multiphase when the cooling and dynamical times are of the same order-of-magnitude. In this framework, we show that this occurs in the important mass range of ~$10^{11}$ to $10^{13}$ M$_\odot$ , where the bulk of stars have formed in galaxies. Gas accreting along cosmic web filaments may eventually lose coherence and mix with the ambient halo gas. Through both the phase separation and "disruption" of the stream, the accretion efficiency onto a galaxy in a halo dynamical time is lowered. De-collimating flows make the direct interaction between galaxy feedback and accretion streams more likely, thereby further reducing the overall accretion efficiency. Moderating the gas accretion efficiency through these mechanisms may help to alleviate a number of significant challenges in theoretical galaxy formation., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to A&A, New version includes new figures
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- 2016
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11. Islet-after-kidney transplantation versus kidney alone in kidney transplant recipients with type 1 diabetes (KAIAK): a population-based target trial emulation in France
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Maanaoui, Mehdi, Lenain, Rémi, Foucher, Yohann, Buron, Fanny, Blancho, Gilles, Antoine, Corinne, Caillard, Sophie, Kessler, Laurence, Le Quintrec, Moglie, Villard, Orianne, Anglicheau, Dany, Büchler, Matthias, Brodin-Sartorius, Albane, Frimat, Luc, Malvezzi, Paolo, Lablanche, Sandrine, Badet, Lionel, Esposito, Laure, Chetboun, Mikael, Hamroun, Aghiles, Kerr-Conte, Julie, Berney, Thierry, Vantyghem, Marie-Christine, Hazzan, Marc, Pattou, François, Armanet, Mathieu, Auxenfans, Céline, Averland, Benoit, Benhamou, Pierre-Yves, Benotmane, Ilies, Berishvili, Ekaterine, Bertrand, Dominique, Blanot, Stéphane, Borot, Sophie, Branchereau, Julien, Broca, Christophe, Brunet, Valérie, Cattan, Pierre, Chaillous, Lucy, Chatauret, Nicolas, Cheisson, Gaelle, Ciacio, Oriana, Colosio, Charlotte, Cornuault, Mathieu, Cuellar, Emmanuel, Defortescu, Guillaume, Defrance, Frédérique, Deshayes, Aurélie, Divard, Gillian, Domet, Thomas, Duffas, Jean-Pierre, Elias, Michelle, Faivre, Lionel, Gaudez, François, Giral, Magali, Girerd, Sophie, Gmyr, Valery, Gouin, Philippe, Gregoire, Hélène, Gueguen, Juliette, Haidar, Fadi, Hubert, Thomas, Janbon, Bénédicte, Jeantet, Marine, Karam, Georges, Kerbaul, François, Kerleau, Clarisse, Kounis, Ilias, Laporte, Caroline, Laurent, Charlotte, Lejay, Anne, Masset, Christophe, Mazeaud, Charles, Mokri, Laëtitia, Moreau, Karine, Morellon, Emmanuel, Muscari, Fabrice, Nasone, Justine, Padilla, Marc, Parier, Bastien, Pastural, Myriam, Perrier, Quentin, Pittau, Gabriella, Prudhomme, Thomas, Renard, Eric, Raverdy, Violeta, Sá Cunha, António, Salloum, Chady, Seizilles De Mazancourt, Emilien, Snanoudj, Renaud, Thaunat, Oliver, Thuret, Rodolphe, Timsit, Marc-Oliver, and Vachiery-Lahaye, Florence
- Abstract
Islet transplantation has been associated with better metabolic control and quality of life than insulin treatment alone, but direct evidence of its effect on hard clinical endpoints is scarce. We aimed to assess the effect of islet transplantation on patient-graft survival in kidney transplant recipients with type 1 diabetes.
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- 2024
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12. Endothelial Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: What are the Experimental Proofs?
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Lauriane Cornuault, Paul Rouault, Cécile Duplàa, Thierry Couffinhal, and Marie-Ange Renault
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heart failure ,diastolic dysfunction ,endothelial cells ,cardiomyocytes ,animal models ,pathophysiology ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been recognized as the greatest single unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. Indeed, the morbi-mortality of HFpEF is high and as the population ages and the comorbidities increase, so considerably does the prevalence of HFpEF. However, HFpEF pathophysiology is still poorly understood and therapeutic targets are missing. An unifying, but untested, theory of the pathophysiology of HFpEF, proposed in 2013, suggests that cardiovascular risk factors lead to a systemic inflammation, which triggers endothelial cells (EC) and coronary microvascular dysfunction. This cardiac small vessel disease is proposed to be responsible for cardiac wall stiffening and diastolic dysfunction. This paradigm is based on the fact that microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in HFpEF patients. More specifically, HFpEF patients have been shown to have decreased cardiac microvascular density, systemic endothelial dysfunction and a lower mean coronary flow reserve. Importantly, impaired coronary microvascular function has been associated with the severity of HF. This review discusses evidence supporting the causal role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HFpEF in human and experimental models.
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- 2022
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13. Review on Test Benches Studying Sliding Electrical Contact and Synthesis of Experimental Results
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Théo Kziazyk, Eric Gavignet, Pierre-Henri Cornuault, Philippe Baucour, and Didier Chamagne
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sliding electrical contact ,contact material ,electric wear ,pantograph–catenary interaction ,slip ring interaction ,Technology - Abstract
Sliding electrical contacts are commonly used with a slip ring to collect the current in moving system generators, alternators, or electrical motors. These contacts are also found in electrical transports without batteries, which are mostly supplied by means of a pantograph–catenary system. These systems are fraught with numerous issues. Among them, it is worth highlighting wear and heating, which lead to failures and pre-worn materials. Moreover, with the increase in speed and improvements in technologies and materials, new problems emerge. This is the case with the substitution of the classic copper strip with graphite or copper-impregnated graphite. Multiple works that studied sliding electrical contacts have been achieved recently, some by trying to create a model of the system based on experimental results, and others only based on experimental works and measurements. This paper aims to review articles from this last category by making a synthesis of different test benches used and then by opening a discussion based on different results highlighted by scholars. This discussion is divided into five points that constitute the system inputs. These are the environment, material, normal load, sliding speed, and current. Based on this discussion, a conclusion attempts to evaluate topics where results and trends are commonly established by authors and topics where there is a lack of work or some conflicts in the results or trends between different articles. For this last point, some perspectives are given for further experimental works.
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- 2023
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14. The enemy from within: a prophage of Roseburia intestinalis systematically turns lytic in the mouse gut, driving bacterial adaptation by CRISPR spacer acquisition
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Cornuault, Jeffrey K., Moncaut, Elisabeth, Loux, Valentin, Mathieu, Aurélie, Sokol, Harry, Petit, Marie-Agnès, and De Paepe, Marianne
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- 2020
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15. Blood-brain barrier genetic disruption leads to protective barrier formation at the Glia Limitans.
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Pierre Mora, Pierre-Louis Hollier, Sarah Guimbal, Alice Abelanet, Aïssata Diop, Lauriane Cornuault, Thierry Couffinhal, Sam Horng, Alain-Pierre Gadeau, Marie-Ange Renault, and Candice Chapouly
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) induces endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening as well as the formation of a tight junction barrier between reactive astrocytes at the Glia Limitans. We hypothesized that the CNS parenchyma may acquire protection from the reactive astrocytic Glia Limitans not only during neuroinflammation but also when BBB integrity is compromised in the resting state. Previous studies found that astrocyte-derived Sonic hedgehog (SHH) stabilizes the BBB during CNS inflammatory disease, while endothelial-derived desert hedgehog (DHH) is expressed at the BBB under resting conditions. Here, we investigated the effects of endothelial Dhh on the integrity of the BBB and Glia Limitans. We first characterized DHH expression within endothelial cells at the BBB, then demonstrated that DHH is down-regulated during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using a mouse model in which endothelial Dhh is inducibly deleted, we found that endothelial Dhh both opens the BBB via the modulation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) transcriptional activity and induces a tight junctional barrier at the Glia Limitans. We confirmed the relevance of this glial barrier system in human multiple sclerosis active lesions. These results provide evidence for the novel concept of "chronic neuroinflammatory tolerance" in which BBB opening in the resting state is sufficient to stimulate a protective barrier at the Glia Limitans that limits the severity of subsequent neuroinflammatory disease. In summary, genetic disruption of the BBB generates endothelial signals that drive the formation under resting conditions of a secondary barrier at the Glia Limitans with protective effects against subsequent CNS inflammation. The concept of a reciprocally regulated CNS double barrier system has implications for treatment strategies in both the acute and chronic phases of multiple sclerosis pathophysiology.
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- 2020
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16. The triple oxygen isotope composition of phytoliths as a proxy of continental atmospheric humidity: insights from climate chamber and climate transect calibrations
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A. Alexandre, A. Landais, C. Vallet-Coulomb, C. Piel, S. Devidal, S. Pauchet, C. Sonzogni, M. Couapel, M. Pasturel, P. Cornuault, J. Xin, J.-C. Mazur, F. Prié, I. Bentaleb, E. Webb, F. Chalié, and J. Roy
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Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Life ,QH501-531 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Continental atmospheric relative humidity (RH) is a key climate parameter. Combined with atmospheric temperature, it allows us to estimate the concentration of atmospheric water vapor, which is one of the main components of the global water cycle and the most important gas contributing to the natural greenhouse effect. However, there is a lack of proxies suitable for reconstructing, in a quantitative way, past changes of continental atmospheric humidity. This reduces the possibility of making model–data comparisons necessary for the implementation of climate models. Over the past 10 years, analytical developments have enabled a few laboratories to reach sufficient precision for measuring the triple oxygen isotopes, expressed by the 17O-excess (17O-excess = ln (δ17O + 1) – 0.528 × ln (δ18O + 1)), in water, water vapor and minerals. The 17O-excess represents an alternative to deuterium-excess for investigating relative humidity conditions that prevail during water evaporation. Phytoliths are micrometric amorphous silica particles that form continuously in living plants. Phytolith morphological assemblages from soils and sediments are commonly used as past vegetation and hydrous stress indicators. In the present study, we examine whether changes in atmospheric RH imprint the 17O-excess of phytoliths in a measurable way and whether this imprint offers a potential for reconstructing past RH. For that purpose, we first monitored the 17O-excess evolution of soil water, grass leaf water and grass phytoliths in response to changes in RH (from 40 to 100 %) in a growth chamber experiment where transpiration reached a steady state. Decreasing RH from 80 to 40 % decreases the 17O-excess of phytoliths by 4.1 per meg/% as a result of kinetic fractionation of the leaf water subject to evaporation. In order to model with accuracy the triple oxygen isotope fractionation in play in plant water and in phytoliths we recommend direct and continuous measurements of the triple isotope composition of water vapor. Then, we measured the 17O-excess of 57 phytolith assemblages collected from top soils along a RH and vegetation transect in inter-tropical West and Central Africa. Although scattered, the 17O-excess of phytoliths decreases with RH by 3.4 per meg/%. The similarity of the trends observed in the growth chamber and nature supports that RH is an important control of 17O-excess of phytoliths in the natural environment. However, other parameters such as changes in the triple isotope composition of the soil water or phytolith origin in the plant may come into play. Assessment of these parameters through additional growth chambers experiments and field campaigns will bring us closer to an accurate proxy of changes in relative humidity.
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- 2018
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17. Phages infecting Faecalibacterium prausnitzii belong to novel viral genera that help to decipher intestinal viromes
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Jeffrey K. Cornuault, Marie-Agnès Petit, Mahendra Mariadassou, Leandro Benevides, Elisabeth Moncaut, Philippe Langella, Harry Sokol, and Marianne De Paepe
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Bacteriophages ,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Comparative genomics ,Prophages ,Microbial ecology ,QR100-130 - Abstract
Abstract Background Viral metagenomic studies have suggested a role for bacteriophages in intestinal dysbiosis associated with several human diseases. However, interpretation of viral metagenomic studies is limited by the lack of knowledge of phages infecting major human gut commensal bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a bacterial symbiont repeatedly found depleted in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. In particular, no complete genomes of phages infecting F. prausnitzii are present in viral databases. Methods We identified 18 prophages in 15 genomes of F. prausnitzii, used comparative genomics to define eight phage clades, and annotated the genome of the type phage of each clade. For two of the phages, we studied prophage induction in vitro and in vivo in mice. Finally, we aligned reads from already published viral metagenomic data onto the newly identified phages. Results We show that each phage clade represents a novel viral genus and that a surprisingly large fraction of them (10 of the 18 phages) codes for a diversity-generating retroelement, which could contribute to their adaptation to the digestive tract environment. We obtained either experimental or in silico evidence of activity for at least one member of each genus. In addition, four of these phages are either significantly more prevalent or more abundant in stools of IBD patients than in those of healthy controls. Conclusion Since IBD patients generally have less F. prausnitzii in their microbiota than healthy controls, the higher prevalence or abundance of some of its phages may indicate that they are activated during disease. This in turn suggests that phages could trigger or aggravate F. prausnitzii depletion in patients. Our results show that prophage detection in sequenced strains of the microbiota can usefully complement viral metagenomic studies.
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- 2018
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18. Extraction, texture analysis and polysaccharide epitope mapping data of sequential extracts of strawberry, apple, tomato and aubergine fruit parenchyma
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Valérie Cornuault, Sara Pose, and J. Paul Knox
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
The data included in this article are related to the research article entitled “Disentangling pectic homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I polysaccharides: evidence for sub-populations in fruit parenchyma systems” (Cornuault et al., 2018) [1]. Cell wall properties are an important contributor to fruit texture. These datasets compile textural and immunochemical analysis of polysaccharides of four economically important fruit crops: tomato, strawberry, aubergine and apple with contrasting textures and related taxonomical origins. Cell wall components and their extractability were assessed using characterized monoclonal antibodies. In addition, textural data obtained for the four parenchyma systems show variations in the mechanical properties. The two datasets are a basis to relate cell wall composition and organization to the mechanical properties of the fruit parenchyma tissues. Keywords: Pectic polysaccharides, Fruits, Cell wall, Texture, Monoclonal antibodies, Solanaceae, Rosaceae, Tomato, Aubergine, Apple, Strawberry
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- 2018
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19. Numerical and experimental analysis of the vibroacoustic behavior of an electric window-lift gear motor
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Rigaud, Emmanuel, Cornuault, Pierre-Henri, Bazin, Benoît, and Grandais-Menant, Emmanuel
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- 2018
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20. Long Term Cosmetic Application Improves Tactile Discrimination in the Elderly; a New Psychophysical Approach
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Jean-Marc Aimonetti, Claire Deshayes, Marcel Crest, Pierre-Henri Cornuault, Benjamin Weiland, and Edith Ribot-Ciscar
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tactile discrimination ,haptic touch ,skin aging ,psychophysics ,cosmetic ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Introduction: Tactile sensitivity is impaired in older adults, which contributes to the loss of manual dexterity and mobility function. The reliability of classical psychophysical tests, such as two-point gap discrimination, has been questioned. Here we tested a new method to determine tactile acuity during dynamic touch, which is more functional than static touch. The aim was to validate a method providing a high level of discrimination of tactile acuity in the elderly.Methods: We tested the ability of subjects to evaluate the distance between bands printed on poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) sheets. Pairs of sheets were compared in two groups of participants aged from 60 to 74 years; the test group was required to apply a cosmetic foam with an active ingredient on both their hands twice a day for 1 month, the control group had an identical task but used the same cosmetic foam without any active ingredient. The tests were run in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Results: The tactile discrimination threshold decreased by 83 μm after 1 month of cosmetic application in the group using the active ingredient, while it was unchanged in the control group.Discussion: The test presented here provided highly accurate results and should be useful to determine tactile performance. It allows the monitoring of tactile rehabilitation and/or skin treatments used to restore tactile acuity in the elderly.
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- 2019
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21. Proceedings of Réanimation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress
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Kamilia, Chtara, Regaieg, Kais, Baccouch, Najeh, Chelly, Hedi, Bahloul, Mabrouk, Bouaziz, Mounir, Jendoubi, Ali, Abbes, Ahmed, Belhaouane, Houda, Nasri, Oussama, Jenzri, Layla, Ghedira, Salma, Houissa, Mohamed, Belkadi, Kamal, Harti, Youness, Nsiri, Afak, Khaleq, Khalid, Hamoudi, Driss, Harrar, Rachid, Thieffry, Camille, Wallet, Frédéric, Parmentier-Decrucq, Erika, Favory, Raphaël, Mathieu, Daniel, Poissy, Julien, Lafon, Thomas, Vignon, Philippe, Begot, Emmanuelle, Appert, Alexandra, Hadj, Mathilde, Claverie, Paul, Matt, Morgan, Barraud, Olivier, François, Bruno, Jamoussi, Amira, Jazia, Amira Ben, Marhbène, Takoua, Lakhdhar, Dhouha, Khelil, Jalila Ben, Besbes, Mohamed, Goutay, Julien, Blazejewski, Caroline, Joly-Durand, Isabelle, Pirlet, Isabelle, Weillaert, Marie Pierre, Beague, Sebastien, Aziz, Soufi, Hafiane, Reda, Hattabi, Khalid, Bouhouri, Mohamed Aziz, Hammoudi, Driss, Fadil, Abdelaziz, Harrar, Rachid Al, Zerouali, Khalid, Medhioub, Fatma Kaaniche, Allela, Rania, Algia, Najla Ben, Cherif, Samar, Slaoui, Mohamed Taoufik, Boubia, Souhail, Hafiani, Y., Khaoudi, A., Cherkab, R., Elallam, W., Elkettani, C., Barrou, L., Ridaii, M., Mehdi, Rihi El, Schimpf, Caroline, Mizrahi, Assaf, Pilmis, Benoît, Le Monnier, Alban, Tiercelet, Kelly, Cherin, Mélanie, Bruel, Cédric, Philippart, Francois, Bailly, Sébastien, Lucet, Jc, Lepape, Alain, L’hériteau, François, Aupée, Martine, Bervas, Caroline, Boussat, Sandrine, Berger-Carbonne, Anne, Machut, Anaïs, Savey, Anne, Timsit, Jean-François, Razazi, Keyvan, Rosman, Jérémy, de Prost, Nicolas, Carteaux, Guillaume, Jansen, Chloe, Decousser, Jean Winoc, Brun-Buisson, Christian, Dessap, Armand Mekontso, M’rad, Aymen, Ouali, Zouhour, Barghouth, Manel, Kouatchet, Achille, Mahieu, Rafael, Weiss, Emmanuel, Schnell, David, Zahar, Jean-Ralph, Artiguenave, Margaux, Sophie, Paktoris-Papine, Espinasse, Florence, Sayed, Faten El, Dinh, Aurélien, Charron, Cyril, Geri, Guillaume, Vieillard-Baron, Antoine, Repessé, Xavier, Kallel, Hatem, Mayence, Claire, Houcke, Stéphanie, Guegueniat, Pascal, Hommel, Didier, Dhifaoui, Kaouther, Hajjej, Zied, Fatnassi, Amira, Sellami, Walid, Labbene, Iheb, Ferjani, Mustapha, Dachraoui, Fahmi, Nakkaa, Sabrine, M’ghirbi, Abdelwaheb, Adhieb, Ali, Braiek, Dhouha Ben, Hraiech, Kmar, Ousji, Ali, Ouanes, Islem, Zaineb, Hammouda, Abdallah, Saousen Ben, Ouanes-Besbes, Lamia, Abroug, Fekri, Klein, Simon, Miquet, Mattéo, Thouret, Jean-Marc, Peigne, Vincent, Daban, Jean-Louis, Boutonnet, Mathieu, Lenoir, Bernard, Merhbene, Takoua, Derreumaux, Celine, Seguin, Thierry, Conil, Jean-Marie, Kelway, Charlotte, Blasco, Valery, Nafati, Cyril, Harti, Karim, Reydellet, Laurent, Albanese, Jacques, Aicha, Narjess Ben, Meddeb, Khaoula, Khedher, Ahmed, Ayachi, Jihene, Fraj, Nesrine, Sma, Nesrine, Chouchene, Imed, Boussarsar, Mohamed, Yedder, Soumaya Ben, Samoud, Walid, Radhouene, Bousselmi, Mariem, Bousselmi, Ammar, Asma, Cheikh, Asma Ben, Lakhal, Hend Ben, Khelfa, Messaouda, Hamdaoui, Yamina, Bouafia, Nabiha, Trampont, Timothée, Daix, Thomas, Legarçon, Vincent, Karam, Henri Hani, Pichon, Nicolas, Essafi, Fatma, Foudhaili, Nasreddine, Thabet, Hafedh, Blel, Youssef, Brahmi, Nozha, Ezzouine, Hanane, Kerrous, Mahmoud, Haoui, Saad El, Ahdil, Soufiane, Benslama, Abdellatif, Abidi, Khalid, Dendane, Tarek, Oussama, Ssouni, Belayachi, Jihane, Madani, Naoufal, Abouqal, Redouane, Zeggwagh, Amine Ali, Ghadhoune, Hatem, Chaari, Anis, Jihene, Guissouma, Allouche, Hend, Trabelsi, Insaf, Brahmi, Habib, Samet, Mohamed, Ghord, Hatem El, Habiba, Ben Sik Ali, Hajer, Nouira, Tilouch, Najla, Yaakoubi, Sondes, Jaoued, Oussama, Gharbi, Rim, Hassen, Mohamed Fekih, Elatrous, Souheil, Arcizet, Julien, Leroy, Bertrand, Abdulmalack, Caroline, Renzullo, Catherine, Hamet, Maël, Doise, Jean-Marc, Coutet, Jérôme, Cheikh, Chaigar Mohammed, Quechar, Zakaria, Joris, Magalie, Beauport, Dimitri Titeca, Kontar, Loay, Lebon, Delphine, Gruson, Bérengère, Slama, Michel, Marolleau, Jean-Pierre, Maizel, Julien, Gorham, Julie, Ameye, Lieveke, Berghmans, Thierry, Paesmans, Marianne, Sculier, Jean-Paul, Meert, Anne-Pascale, Guillot, Max, Ledoux, Marie-Pierre, Braun, Thierry, Maestraggi, Quentin, Michard, Baptiste, Castelain, Vincent, Herbrecht, Raoul, Schneider, Francis, Couffin, Severine, Lobo, David, Mongardon, Nicolas, Dhonneur, Gilles, Mounier, Roman, Le Borgne, Pierrick, Couraud, Sophie, Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne, Boivin, Alexandra, Lefebvre, François, Bilbault, Pascal, Zelmat, Setti-Aouicha, Batouche, Djamila-Djahida, Mazour, Fatima, Chaffi, Belkacem, Benatta, Nadia, Sik, Ali Habiba, Talik, I., Perrier, Maxime, Gouteix, Eliane, Koubi, Claude, Escavy, Annabelle, Guilbaut, Victoria, Fosse, Jean-Philippe, Jazia, Rahma Ben, Abdelghani, Ahmed, Cungi, Pierre-Julien, Bordes, Julien, Nguyen, Cédric, Pierrou, Candice, Cruc, Maximilien, Benois, Alain, Duprez, Frédéric, Bonus, Thierry, Cuvelier, Grégory, Ollieuz, Sandra, Machayekhi, Sharam, Paciorkowski, Frédéric, Reychler, Gregory, Coudroy, Remi, Thille, Arnaud W., Drouot, Xavier, Diaz, Véronique, Meurice, Jean-Claude, Robert, René, Turki, Olfa, Ben, Hmida Chokri, Assefi, Mona, Deransy, Romain, Brisson, Hélène, Monsel, Antoine, Conti, Filomena, Scatton, Olivier, Langeron, Olivier, Ghezala, Hassen Ben, Snouda, Salah, Ben, Chiekh Imen, Kaddour, Moez, Armel, Anwar, Youness, Lafrikh, Abdelhak, Bensaid, Youssef, Miloudi, Najib, Al Harrar, Mustapha, Amouzoun, Noufel, Mtioui, Mohamed, Zamd, Salma, El Khayat, Ghizlane, Medkouri, Mohamed, Benghanam, Benyounes, Ramdani, Montini, Florent, Moschietto, Sébastien, Gregoire, Emilien, Claisse, Guillaume, Guiot, Julien, Morimont, Philippe, Krzesinski, Jean-Marie, Mariat, Christophe, Lambermont, Bernard, Cavalier, Etienne, Delanaye, Pierre, Benbernou, Soumia, Ilies, Sofiane, Azza, Abdelkader, Bouyacoub, Khalida, Louail, Meriem, Mokhtari-Djebli, Houria, Arrestier, Romain, Daviaud, Fabrice, Francois, Xavier Laborne, Brocas, Elsa, Choukroun, Gérald, Peñuelas, Oscar, Lorente, José-Angel, Cardinal-Fernandez, Pablo, Rodriguez, 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M., Olandzobo, A. G., Herbland, Alexandre, Richard, Marie, Girard, Nicolas, Lambron, Lucile, Lesieur, Olivier, Wainschtein, Sarah, Hubert, Sidonie, Hugues, Albane, Tran, Marc, Bouillard, Philippe, Loteanu, Vlad, Leloup, Maxime, Laurent, Alexandra, Lheureux, Florent, Prestifilippo, Alessia, Cruz, Martin Delgado Maria, Romain, Rigal, Antonelli, Massimo, Blanch, Torra Lluis, Bonnetain, Franck, Grazzia-Bocci, Maria, Mancebo, Jordi, Samain, Emmanuel, Paul, Hebert, Capellier, Gilles, Zavgorodniaia, Taissa, Soichot, Marion, Malissin, Isabelle, Voicu, Sebastian, Garçon, Pierre, Goury, Antoine, Kerdjana, Lamia, Deye, Nicolas, Bourgogne, Emmanuel, Megarbane, Bruno, Mejri, Olfa, Hmida, Marwa Ben, Tannous, Salma, Chevillard, Lucie, Labat, Laurence, Risede, Patricia, Fredj, Hana, Léger, Maxime, Brunet, Marion, Le Roux, Gaël, Boels, David, Lerolle, Nicolas, Farah, Souaad, Amiel-Niemann, Hélène, Kubis, Nathalie, Declèves, Xavier, Peyraux, Nicoals, Baud, Frederic, Serafini, Micaela, Alvarez, Jean-Claude, Heinzelman, 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Adrien, Laribi, Said, Garot, Denis, Dequin, Pierre François, Guillon, Antoine, Fergé, Jean-Louis, Abgrall, Gwénolé, Hinault, Ronan, Vally, Shazima, Roze, Benoit, Chaplain, Agathe, Chabartier, Cyrille, Savidan, Anne-Charlotte, Marie, Sabia, Cabie, Andre, Resiere, Dabor, Valentino, Ruddy, Mehdaoui, Hossein, Benarous, Lucas, Soda-Diop, Marième, Bouzana, Fouad, Perrin, Gilles, Bourenne, Jeremy, Eon, Béatrice, Lambert, Dominique, Trebuchon, Agnes, Poncelet, Géraldine, Le Bourgeois, Fleur, Michael, Levy, Camille, Guillot, Naudin, Jérôme, Deho, Anna, Dauger, Stéphane, Sauthier, Michaël, Bergeron-Gallant, Krystale, Emeriaud, Guillaume, Jouvet, Philippe, Tiebergien, Nicolas, Jacquet-Lagrèze, Matthias, Fellahi, Jean-Luc, Baudin, Florent, Essouri, Sandrine, Javouhey, Etienne, Guérin, Claude, Lampin, Marie, Mamouri, Ouardia, Devos, Patrick, Karaca-Altintas, Yasemin, Vinchon, Matthieu, Brossier, David, Eltaani, Redha, Teyssedre, Sonia, Sabine, Meyet, Bouchut, Jean-Christophe, Peguet, Olivier, 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Rafaa, Kouraichi, Nadia, Jouet, Emilie, Badin, Julie, Fermier, Brice, Feller, Marc, Serie, Mathieu, Pillot, Jérôme, Marie, William, Gisbert-Mora, Chloé, Vinclair, Camille, Lesbordes, Pierre, Mathieu, Pascal, De Brabant, Fabienne, Muller, Emmanuel, Robaux, Marie-Aline, Giabicani, Mikhael, Marchalot, Antoine, Gelinotte, Stéphanie, Declercq, Pierre Louis, Eraldi, Jean-Pierre, Bougerol, François, Meunier-Beillard, Nicolas, Devilliers, Hervé, Rigaud, Jean-Philippe, Verrière, Camille, Ardisson, Fanny, Kentish-Barnes, Nancy, Jacq, Gwenaëlle, Chermak, Akli, Lautrette, Alexandre, Legrand, Matthieu, Soummer, Alexis, Thiery, Guillaume, Cottereau, Alice, Canet, Emmanuel, Caujolle, Marie, Allyn, Jérôme, Valance, Dorothée, Brulliard, Caroline, Martinet, Olivier, Jabot, Julien, Gallas, Thomas, Vandroux, David, Allou, Nicolas, Durand, Arthur, Nevière, Rémi, Delguste, Florian, Boulanger, Eric, Preau, Sebastien, Martin, Ruste, Cochet, Hélène, Ponthus, Jean Pierre, Amilien, Virginie, Tchir, Martial, Barsam, Elise, Ayoub, Mohsen, Georger, Jean Francois, Guillame, Izaute, Assaraf, Julie, Tripon, Simona, Mallet, Maxime, Barbara, Guilaume, Louis, Guillaume, Gaudry, Stéphane, Barbarot, Nicolas, Jamet, Angéline, Outin, Hervé, Gibot, Sébastien, Bollaert, Pierre-Edouard, Holleville, Mathilde, Legriel, Stéphane, Chateauneuf, Anne Laure, Cavelot, Sébastien, Moyer, Jean-Denis, Bedos, Jean Pierre, Merle, Philippe, Laine, Aurelie, Natalie, De Sa, Cornuault, Mathieu, Libot, Jérome, Asehnoune, Karim, Rozec, Bertrand, Dantal, Jacques, Videcoq, Michel, Degroote, Thècle, Jaillette, Emmanuelle, Zerimech, Farid, Malika, Balduyck, Llitjos, Jean-François, Amara, Marlène, Lacave, Guillaume, Pangon, Béatrice, Mavinga, José, Makunza, Joseph Nsiala, Mafuta, M. E., Yanga, Yves, Eric, Amisi, Ilunga, Jp, Kilembe, Ma, Alby-Laurent, Fanny, Toubiana, Julie, Mokline, Amel, Laajili, Achraf, Amri, Helmi, Rahmani, Imene, Mensi, Nidhal, Gharsallah, Lazheri, Tlaili, Sofiene, Gasri, Bahija, Hammouda, Rym, Messadi, Amen Allah, Allain, Pierre-Antoine, Gault, Nathallie, Paugam-Burtz, Catherine, Foucrier, Arnaud, Chatbri, Bassem, Bourbiaa, Yousra, Thabet, Lamia, Neuschwander, Arthur, Vincent, Looten, Beck, Jennifer, Vibol, Chhor, Amelie, Yavchitz, Resche-Rigon, Matthieu, Pirracchio, Jean MantzRomain, Bureau, Côme, Decavèle, Maxens, Campion, Sébastien, Ainsouya, Roukia, Niérat, Marie-Cécile, Prodanovic, Hélène, Raux, Mathieu, Similowski, Thomas, Dubé, Bruno-Pierre, Demiri, Suela, Dres, Martin, May, Faten, Quintard, Hervé, Kounis, Ilias, Saliba, Faouzi, André, Stephane, Boudon, Marc, Ichai, Philippe, Younes, Aline, Nakad, Lionel, Coilly, Audrey, Antonini, Teresa, Sobesky, Rodolphe, De Martin, Eleonora, Samuel, Didier, Hubert, Noemie, Nay, Mai-Anh, Auchabie, Johann, Giraudeau, Bruno, Jean, Reignier, Darmon, Michaël, Ruckly, Stephane, Garrouste-Orgeas, Maïté, Gratia, Elisabeth, Goldgran-Toledano, Dany, Jamali, Samir, Dumenil, Anne Sylvie, Schwebel, Carole, Brisard, Laurent, Bizouarn, Philippe, Lepoivre, Thierry, Nicolet, Johanna, Rigal, Jean Christophe, Roussel, Jean Christian, Cheurfa, Cherifa, Abily, Julien, Lescot, Thomas, Page, Isaline, Warnier, Stéphanie, Nys, Monique, Rousseau, Anne-Françoise, Damas, Pierre, Uhel, Fabrice, Lesouhaitier, Mathieu, Grégoire, Murielle, Gaudriot, Baptiste, Gacouin, Arnaud, Le Tulzo, Yves, Flecher, Erwan, Tarte, Karin, Tadié, Jean-Marc, Georges, Quentin, Soares, M., Jeon, Kyeongman, Oeyen, Sandra, Rhee, Chin Kook, Gruber, Pascale, Ostermann, Marlies, Hill, Quentin, Depuydt, Peter, Ferra, Christelle, Muller, Alice, Aurelie, Bourmaud, Niles, Christopher, Herbert, Fabien, Pied, Sylviane, Loridant, Séverine, François, Nadine, Bignon, Anne, Sendid, Boualem, Lemaitre, Caroline, Dupre, Celine, Zayene, Aymen, Portier, Lucie, De Freitas Caires, Nathalie, Lassalle, Philippe, Le Neindre, Aymeric, Selot, Pascal, Ferreiro, Daniel, Bonarek, Maria, Henriot, Stépahen, Rodriguez, Julie, Taddei, Mara, Di Bari, Mauro, Hickmann, Cheryl, Castanares-Zapatero, Diego, Deldicque, Louise, Van Den Bergh, Peter, Caty, Gilles, Roeseler, Jean, Francaux, Marc, Laterre, Pierre-François, Dupuis, Bastien, Machayeckhi, Sharam, Sarfati, Celine, Moore, Alex, Mendialdua, Paula, Rodet, Emilie, Pilorge, Catherine, Stephan, Francois, Rezaiguia-Delclaux, Saida, Dugernier, Jonathan, Hesse, Michel, Jumetz, Thibaud, Bialais, Emilie, Depoortere, Virginie, Michotte, Jean Bernard, Wittebole, Xavier, Jamar, François, REA‑RAISIN Studygroup, OUTCOMEREA study group, Sudden Death Expertise Center, for the HYPER2S Investigators and REVA research network, Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS network), Cubrea network, and Brain Liver Pitié-Salpêtrière Study Group (BLIPS)
- Published
- 2017
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22. Evidence of multiple colonizations as a driver of black fly diversification in an oceanic island.
- Author
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Yann Gomard, Josselin Cornuault, Séverine Licciardi, Erwan Lagadec, Boutaïna Belqat, Najla Dsouli, Patrick Mavingui, and Pablo Tortosa
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
True oceanic islands typically host reduced species diversity together with high levels of endemism, which make these environmental set-ups ideal for the exploration of species diversification drivers. In the present study, we used black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Reunion Island as a model to highlight the main drivers of insect species diversification in this young and remote volcanic island located in the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Using local and regional (Comoros and Seychelles archipelagos) samples as well as specimens from continental Africa, we tested the likelihood of two distinct scenarios, i.e. multiple colonizations vs. in-situ diversification. For this, posterior odds were used to test whether species from Reunion did form a monophyletic group and we estimated divergence times between species. Three out of the four previously described Reunion black fly species could be sampled, namely Simulium ruficorne, Simulium borbonense and Simulium triplex. The phylogenies based on nuclear and mitochondrial markers showed that S. ruficorne and S. borbonense are the most closely related species. Interestingly, we report a probable mitochondrial introgression between these two species although they diverged almost six million years ago. Finally, we showed that the three Reunion species did not form a monophyletic group, and, combined with the molecular datation, the results indicated that Reunion black fly diversity resulted from multiple colonization events. Thus, multiple colonizations, rather than in-situ diversification, are likely responsible for an important part of black fly diversity found on this young Darwinian island.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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23. Eastern Mediterranean Sea circulation inferred from the conditions of S1 sapropel deposition
- Author
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K. Tachikawa, L. Vidal, M. Cornuault, M. Garcia, A. Pothin, C. Sonzogni, E. Bard, G. Menot, and M. Revel
- Subjects
Environmental pollution ,TD172-193.5 ,Environmental protection ,TD169-171.8 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Holocene eastern Mediterranean Sea sediments contain an organic-rich sapropel S1 layer that was formed in oxygen-depleted waters. The spatial distribution of this layer revealed that during S1 deposition, deep waters were anoxic below a depth of 1800 m. However, whether this boundary permanently existed from the early to the mid-Holocene has not been examined yet. To answer this question, a multi-proxy approach was applied to a core retrieved close to the 1800 m boundary (at 1780 m). We measured the bulk sediment elemental composition, the stable isotopic composition of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber and the abundance of benthic foraminifera since the last deglaciation. The result indicates that authigenic U and Mo accumulation began around 13–12 cal ka BP, in concert with surface water freshening estimated from the G. ruber δ18O record. The onset of bottom and pore water oxygen depletion occurred prior to S1 deposition inferred from barium enrichment. In the middle of the S1 deposition period, reduced authigenic V, Fe and As contents and the Br/Cl ratio indicated short-term bottom-water re-oxygenation. A sharp Mn peak and maximal abundance for benthic foraminifera marked a total recovery for circulation at approximately 7 cal ka BP. Based on our results and existing data, we suggest that S1 formation within the upper 1780 m of the eastern Mediterranean Sea was preconditioned by reduced ventilation, resulting from excess freshwater inputs due to insolation changes under deglacial conditions that initiated between 15 and 12 cal ka BP within the upper 1780 m. Short-term re-oxygenation in the Levantine Basin is estimated to have affected bottom water at least as deep as 1780 m in response to cooling and/or the reduction of freshwater inputs. We tentatively propose that complete ventilation recovery at the S1 termination was depth-dependent, with earlier oxygenation within the upper 1780 m. Our results provide new constraints on vertical water column structure in the eastern Mediterranean Sea since the last deglaciation.
- Published
- 2015
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24. Prediction of the vibroacoustic response of an electric window-lift gear motor
- Author
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Rigaud, E., primary, Cornuault, P.-H., additional, Bazin, B., additional, and Grandais-Menant, E., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Phages infecting Faecalibacterium prausnitzii belong to novel viral genera that help to decipher intestinal viromes
- Author
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Cornuault, Jeffrey K., Petit, Marie-Agnès, Mariadassou, Mahendra, Benevides, Leandro, Moncaut, Elisabeth, Langella, Philippe, Sokol, Harry, and De Paepe, Marianne
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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26. A novel locus on chromosome 1 underlies the evolution of a melanic plumage polymorphism in a wild songbird
- Author
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Yann X. C. Bourgeois, Boris Delahaie, Mathieu Gautier, Emeline Lhuillier, Pierre-Jean G. Malé, Joris A. M. Bertrand, Josselin Cornuault, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Olivier Bouchez, Claire Mould, Jade Bruxaux, Hélène Holota, Borja Milá, and Christophe Thébaud
- Subjects
melanism ,chromosome 1 ,polymorphism ,selective sweep ,zosterops ,Science - Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for phenotypic diversification within and among species ultimately rests with linking naturally occurring mutations to functionally and ecologically significant traits. Colour polymorphisms are of great interest in this context because discrete colour patterns within a population are often controlled by just a few genes in a common environment. We investigated how and why phenotypic diversity arose and persists in the Zosterops borbonicus white-eye of Reunion (Mascarene archipelago), a colour polymorphic songbird in which all highland populations contain individuals belonging to either a brown or a grey plumage morph. Using extensive phenotypic and genomic data, we demonstrate that this melanin-based colour polymorphism is controlled by a single locus on chromosome 1 with two large-effect alleles, which was not previously described as affecting hair or feather colour. Differences between colour morphs appear to rely upon complex cis-regulatory variation that either prevents the synthesis of pheomelanin in grey feathers, or increases its production in brown ones. We used coalescent analyses to show that, from a ‘brown’ ancestral population, the dominant ‘grey’ allele spread quickly once it arose from a new mutation. Since colour morphs are always found in mixture, this implies that the selected allele does not go to fixation, but instead reaches an intermediate frequency, as would be expected under balancing selection.
- Published
- 2017
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27. Monoclonal antibodies indicate low-abundance links between heteroxylan and other glycans of plant cell walls
- Author
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Cornuault, Valérie, Buffetto, Fanny, Rydahl, Maja G., Marcus, Susan E., Torode, Thomas A., Xue, Jie, Crépeau, Marie-Jeanne, Faria-Blanc, Nuno, Willats, William G. T., Dupree, Paul, Ralet, Marie-Christine, and Knox, J. Paul
- Published
- 2015
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28. Identification guide to extant planktonic foraminifera.Part 1: Family Candeinidae and genera Berggrenia, Bolivina,Dentigloborotalia, and Neogallitellia
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Meilland, J., Cornuault, P., Morard, R., Brummer, G.-J. A., Kucera, M., Meilland, J., Cornuault, P., Morard, R., Brummer, G.-J. A., and Kucera, M.
- Abstract
Planktonic foraminifera are a ubiquitous and abundant group of marine pelagic Rhizaria. Their fossil shells are extensively used to date sedimentary rocks and to reconstruct past climate changes. As a result, their taxonomic descriptions are based on features of adult shells as found in the sediments and are not ideal for the identification of specimens collected from the plankton. To aid researchers working with extant planktonic foraminifera, we present a taxonomic guide specifically tailored towards the identification of living specimens. In this first leaflet we describe eleven species of the microperforate Candeinidae and genera Berggrenia, Bolivina, Dentigloborotalia and Neogallitellia, including most of the species commonly considered as “small and obscure”. The descriptions are supported by hand-drawn illustrations of the shells and wherever possible by light microscopic images of cytoplasm-bearing specimens representing adult and pre-adult life stages. Diagnostic characters are listed in an overview table to aid rapid identification.
- Published
- 2022
29. Comparative in situ analyses of cell wall matrix polysaccharide dynamics in developing rice and wheat grain
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Palmer, Richard, Cornuault, Valérie, Marcus, Susan E., Knox, J. Paul, Shewry, Peter R., and Tosi, Paola
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- 2015
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30. Extremely reduced dispersal and gene flow in an island bird
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Bertrand, J A M, Bourgeois, Y X C, Delahaie, B, Duval, T, García-Jiménez, R, Cornuault, J, Heeb, P, Milá, B, Pujol, B, and Thébaud, C
- Published
- 2014
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31. Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Analysis of Plant Cell Wall Glycan Connections
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Valérie Cornuault and J. Knox
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Sandwich ELISA is a highly sensitive method that can be used to determine if two epitopes are part of the same macromolecule or supramolecular complex. In the case of plant cell wall glycans, it can reveal the existence of inter-polymers linkages, leading to better understanding of overall cell wall architectures. This development of a conventional sandwich ELISA protocol uses a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), a small protein domain found in some carbohydrate catalysing or activating enzymes, and rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which can be combined in the same ELISA plate without risk of cross reaction; the secondary anti-rat HRP antibody being only able to bind to the rat mAb and not the CBM. This protocol was developed and modified in the Prof. J. Paul Knox lab at the University of Leeds.
- Published
- 2014
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32. Ecology predicts parapatric distributions in two closely related Antirrhinum majus subspecies
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Khimoun, A., Cornuault, J., Burrus, M., Pujol, B., Thebaud, C., and Andalo, C.
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- 2013
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33. Life history and population biology of the white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes pallipes, in a brook from the Poitou-Charentes region (France)
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GRANDJEAN F., CORNUAULT B., ARCHAMBAULT S., BRAMARD M., and OTREBSKY G.
- Subjects
Austropotamobius pallipes pallipes ,population biology ,population dynamics ,invertebrate fauna ,pathology ,density ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
A protected population of the white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes pallipes (Lereboullet), has been studied between 1995 and 1996. 1,511 crayfish were collected over the period of study including trap and hand catches. 356 animals exceeded the minimum legal size -90 mm TL (Total Length)-, representing 23.6% of the total catches. Catch Per Unit Effort (C.P.U.E.) ranged from 1.2 in February to 8.6 in October. The sex ratio of total catch was biased in favour of females (1:l.g). Males are only dominant during the cold period where water temperature is less than 10°C. Thelohania seems to be cyclic in this population with high levels of infected crayfish during both summers. No infected crayfish were found between January and March. Estimated densities ranged from 4.4 to 2.2 adults.m2 of brook area. Mating activity started in mid to end November as day-length shortened and water temperature fell below 10°C. Berried females ranged from 58.5 to 100.4 mm in TL. Mean pleopodal egg number declined over the duration of the incubation period (mean = 55 eggs per female in December to 30 eggs per female in May). The maximum number of eggs was 85 for a female (85 mm TL) captured in November. In the beginning of May, 40% of females sampled had no eggs. All the results seem to show an over-density of crayfish in this population and recommendations to regulate it are discussed.
- Published
- 2000
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34. Cardiac and brain pericytes are able to regenerate over time.
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Bourguignon, Célia, Cornuault, Lauriane, Grouthier, Virginie, Foussard, Ninon, Chapouly, Candice, Gadeau, Alain-Pierre, Couffinhal, Thierry, and Renault, Marie-Ange
- Abstract
Pericytes are perivascular cells imbedded within the basement membrane of microvascular endothelial cells. Importantly, pericytes are critical for microvascular integrity especially endothelial barrier integrity and immune quiescence and may participate in organ disease notably vascular dementia or heart failure. However, little is known about pericyte homeostasis in adult tissues. Our aim is to investigate the behavior of pericytes after they have been reduced by 50% in the brain and heart of adult mice. To deplete pericytes in mice, we used diphtheria toxin (DTA)-mediated conditional cell ablation. More specifically, we used Pdgfrb-Cre/ERT2; Rosa-DTA mice, in which DTA expression is induced specifically in pericytes by Pdgfrb promoter-driven expression of Cre/ERT2 and may be temporally controlled by tamoxifen injections. To induce a 50% pericyte depletion, adult mice were injected with 1 mg tamoxifen for 2 consecutive days and sacrificed 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the first injection to follow their fate over time. We found pericytes are renewed both in the brain and in the heart. Their renewal follows the same kinetic in both organs, i.e. their number starts to increase between 7 and 14 days after the first tamoxifen injection and pericytes are fully renewed 21 days after they were depleted. The origin of the new pericytes is still under investigation, however, what we found is that pericytes being renewed, transiently express smooth muscle actin alpha 2 (ACTA2), at least in the heart. This study indicates for the first time that pericytes can undergo extensive remodeling after tissue injury in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
35. Data integration methods to account for spatial niche truncation effects in regional projections of species distribution.
- Author
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Chevalier, Mathieu, Broennimann, Olivier, Cornuault, Josselin, and Guisan, Antoine
- Subjects
SPECIES distribution ,SPATIAL resolution ,PLANT species ,DATA integration ,POISSON processes - Abstract
Many species distribution models (SDMs) are built with precise but geographically restricted presence–absence data sets (e.g., a country) where only a subset of the environmental conditions experienced by a species across its range is considered (i.e., spatial niche truncation). This type of truncation is worrisome because it can lead to incorrect predictions e.g., when projecting to future climatic conditions belonging to the species niche but unavailable in the calibration area. Data from citizen‐science programs, species range maps or atlases covering the full species range can be used to capture those parts of the species' niche that are missing regionally. However, these data usually are too coarse or too biased to support regional management. Here, we aim to (1) demonstrate how varying degrees of spatial niche truncation affect SDMs projections when calibrated with climatically truncated regional data sets and (2) test the performance of different methods to harness information from larger‐scale data sets presenting different spatial resolutions to solve the spatial niche truncation problem. We used simulations to compare the performance of the different methods, and applied them to a real data set to predict the future distribution of a plant species (Potentilla aurea) in Switzerland. SDMs calibrated with geographically restricted data sets expectedly provided biased predictions when projected outside the calibration area or time period. Approaches integrating information from larger‐scale data sets using hierarchical data integration methods usually reduced this bias. However, their performance varied depending on the level of spatial niche truncation and how data were combined. Interestingly, while some methods (e.g., data pooling, downscaling) performed well on both simulated and real data, others (e.g., those based on a Poisson point process) performed better on real data, indicating a dependency of model performance on the simulation process (e.g., shape of simulated response curves). Based on our results, we recommend to use different data integration methods and, whenever possible, to make a choice depending on model performance. In any case, an ensemble modeling approach can be used to account for uncertainty in how niche truncation is accounted for and identify areas where similarities/dissimilarities exist across methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Towards a new proxy of continental atmospheric humidity: the triple oxygen isotopic composition of plant biosilica
- Author
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Alexandre, A., Pauchet, S, Landais, A, Piel, C, Devidal, S., Roy, J, Vallet-Coulomb, C, Sonzogni, C, Pasturel, M, Cornuault, P, Xin, J, Mazur, J. C., Prié, F, Bentaleb, I, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Montpellier (UM)
- Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2016
37. Thrombosis in the coronary microvasculature may be responsible for impaired cardiac relaxation and diastolic dysfunction.
- Author
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Rouault, Paul, Cornuault, Lauriane, Foussard, Ninon, Bourguignon, Célia, Grouthier, Virginie, Choveau, Frank, Benoist, David, Gadeau, Alain-Pierre, Couffinhal, Thierry, and Renault, Marie-Ange
- Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is proposed to be caused by endothelial dysfunction in cardiac small vessels. We previously identified Hhipl1, as a gene upregulated in the coronary vasculature of Leptin receptor deficient mice (Leprdb/db) a well-established mouse model of HFpEF. Importantly, Hhipl1 encodes for a decoy receptor of Desert Hedgehog (DHH) which is known to be critical for endothelial integrity. Our objective is to investigate the functional consequences of impaired Hedgehog (HH) signaling in the adult heart in order to identify novel mechanisms underlying the development of diastolic dysfunction. To do so, Cdh5-Cre/ERT2, DhhFlox/Flox (DhhECKO) mice and their control littermates were administered with tamoxifen at 8 weeks of age to induce Dhh KO. Their cardiac function, exercise tolerance, and the phenotype of their coronary vasculature were assessed one month later. DhhECKO mice presented significantly reduced exercise tolerance, increased end-diastolic pressure (EDP) and Tau, with no change in their ejection fraction consistent with diastolic dysfunction. At molecular and cellular level, impaired cardiac relaxation in DhhECKO mice was associated with a significantly decreased phospholamban phosphorylation on Thr17 and an alteration of sarcomeric shortening in ex-vivo. Besides, as expected, DhhECKO mice exhibited phenotypic changes in their coronary vasculature including a prominent pro-thrombotic phenotype (63 ± 6.2 vs. 25 ± 5.2 thrombi/mm
2 ; P < 0.001) leading to an impaired capillary perfusion and local hypoxia. Notably, antiaggregant therapies (aspirin and clopidogrel) prevented the occurrence of both diastolic dysfunction and exercise intolerance in DhhECKO mice demonstrating for the first time that thrombosis may promote diastolic dysfunction. Importantly, we confirmed the critical role of thrombosis in Leprdb/db mice which also displayed increased cardiac small vessel thrombosis in comparison to control mice. Alike DhhECKO mice, we found that antiaggregants decreased EDP (6.3 ± 0.4 mmHg in aspirin-treated vs. 11.3 ± 0.79 in control mice; P = 0.001) and improved exercise tolerance in Leprdb/db mice (34 ± 2.52 min in aspirin-treated vs. 24 ± 3.55 in control mice; P = 0.004). Altogether, these results demonstrate that small vessel thrombosis may participate in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. ICAM1 expression by the microvasculature impairs capillary perfusion which compromises hind limb ischemia recovery in diabetic mice.
- Author
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Foussard, Ninon, Rouault, Paul, Cornuault, Lauriane, Bourguignon, Célia, Grouthier, Virginie, Chapouly, Candice, Gadeau, Alain-Pierre, Couffinhal, Thierry, and Renault, Marie-Ange
- Abstract
Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI), which is one of the major complications of diabetes, is associated with poor limb and cardiovascular prognoses, along with a dramatic decrease in life expectancy. However, the pathophysiology of this disease is poorly understood and therapeutic targets are missing. Our objective is to explore the contribution of endothelial dysfunction in the development of CLTI in diabetic mice. Hind limb ischemia (HLI) was induced by ligation and resection of the femoral artery in C57BL6/J male mice, in which insulin resistance was induced by a high fat diet, and hyperglycaemia was induced one month later by low dose streptozotocin administrations. According to our previous investigations, ischemic foot re-perfusion, assessed via laser doppler perfusion imaging, was significantly reduced in diabetic animal 28 days after HLI surgery was performed (ratio blood flow in the ischemic leg vs non ischemic leg = 0.27 ± 0.09 vs 0.44 ± 0.21 in control mice; P = 0.03), even though angiogenesis was identical in both groups. On the contrary, we found that impaired ischemic foot re-perfusion was associated with an increased endothelial cell activation attested by an increased ICAM1 expression (P < 0.0001). We then hypothesized that ICAM1, by interacting with white blood cells (WBC), may compromise the perfusion of capillaries with a diameter smaller than a WBC. Accordingly, we found that WBC circulation velocity in the microvasculature was significantly diminished in diabetic mice (533 ± 169 μm/s vs 960 ± 188 in control mice; P = 0.004) and associated with a decreased percentage of capillaries perfusion by BS-1 lectin (78.5 ± 10.5% vs 96.1 ± 5.7 in control mice; P = 0.03). With the aim to test whether ICAM1 overexpression may be responsible for impaired ischemic foot re-perfusion, diabetic mice were administered with anti-ICAM1 antibodies or isotype control for 14 days, starting 14 days after HLI surgery was performed. We found that anti-ICAM1 therapy significantly increased WBC circulation velocity within the microvasculature (779 ± 113 μm/s vs 447 ± 107 in mice treated with isotype control; P < 0.0001) and the percentage of perfused capillary (P = 0.009). Altogether, our results demonstrate that ICAM1 overexpression may compromise hind limb ischemia recovery in diabetic mice by decreasing WBC circulation velocity and impairing capillary perfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Cyclic evolution of phytoplankton forced by changes in tropical seasonality
- Author
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Beaufort, Luc, Bolton, Clara T., Sarr, Anta-Clarisse, Suchéras-Marx, Baptiste, Rosenthal, Yair, Donnadieu, Yannick, Barbarin, Nicolas, Bova, Samantha, Cornuault, Pauline, Gally, Yves, Gray, Emmeline, Mazur, Jean-Charles, and Tetard, Martin
- Abstract
Although the role of Earth’s orbital variations in driving global climate cycles has long been recognized, their effect on evolution is hitherto unknown. The fossil remains of coccolithophores, a key calcifying phytoplankton group, enable a detailed assessment of the effect of cyclic orbital-scale climate changes on evolution because of their abundance in marine sediments and the preservation of their morphological adaptation to the changing environment1,2. Evolutionary genetic analyses have linked broad changes in Pleistocene fossil coccolith morphology to species radiation events3. Here, using high-resolution coccolith data, we show that during the last 2.8 million years the morphological evolution of coccolithophores was forced by Earth’s orbital eccentricity with rhythms of around 100,000 years and 405,000 years—a distinct spectral signature to that of coeval global climate cycles4. Simulations with an Earth System Model5coupled with an ocean biogeochemical model6show a strong eccentricity modulation of the seasonal cycle, which we suggest directly affects the diversity of ecological niches that occur over the annual cycle in the tropical ocean. Reduced seasonality in surface ocean conditions favours species with mid-size coccoliths, increasing coccolith carbonate export and burial; whereas enhanced seasonality favours a larger range of coccolith sizes and reduced carbonate export. We posit that eccentricity pacing of phytoplankton evolution contributed to the strong 405,000-year cyclicity that is seen in global carbon cycle records.
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
40. Desert Hedgehog-Driven Endothelium Integrity Is Enhanced by Gas1 (Growth Arrest-Specific 1) but Negatively Regulated by Cdon (Cell Adhesion Molecule-Related/Downregulated by Oncogenes)
- Author
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Chapouly, Candice, Hollier, Pierre-Louis, Guimbal, Sarah, Cornuault, Lauriane, Gadeau, Alain-Pierre, and Renault, Marie-Ange
- Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Experimental Analysis of the Vibroacoustic Response of an Electric Window-Lift Gear Motor Generated by the Contact Between Carbon Brushes and Commutator
- Author
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Diop, S., primary, Rigaud, E., additional, Cornuault, P.-H., additional, Grandais-Menant, E., additional, and Bazin, B., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Numerical Investigation on Key Process Parameters Affecting Blanking of Steel Sheet by Using Finite Element Method
- Author
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Sahli, Mohamed, Roizard, Xavier, Colas, Guillaume, Assoul, Mohamed, and Cornuault, Pierre Henri
- Abstract
The cutting surface obtained through the blanking process is often characterized by localized plastic deformations followed by crack propagation and ductile failure. The resulting blanked edge is essentially characterized by known areas such as shear zone, fracture zone and also sometimes burr. Their formation depends essentially on various process parameters and cutting material such as punch/die set, punch speed and temperature. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the possibilities for improving the quality of the cut-surface of high-alloy thick sheet steel. It was focused on modeling and analyzing blanking process of steel sheet using finite element method (FEM). The numerical results of the validation simulations were in agreement with the experimental results, thus validating the model parameters used. The model was developed in order to study the effects of process parameters on the blanking of mechanical steel parts, with particular attention to the study of punch-die gap influence.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The enemy from within: a prophage of Roseburia intestinalissystematically turns lytic in the mouse gut, driving bacterial adaptation by CRISPR spacer acquisition
- Author
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Cornuault, Jeffrey K., Moncaut, Elisabeth, Loux, Valentin, Mathieu, Aurélie, Sokol, Harry, Petit, Marie-Agnès, and De Paepe, Marianne
- Abstract
Despite an overall temporal stability in time of the human gut microbiota at the phylum level, strong variations in species abundance have been observed. We are far from a clear understanding of what promotes or disrupts the stability of microbiome communities. Environmental factors, like food or antibiotic use, modify the gut microbiota composition, but their overall impacts remain relatively low. Phages, the viruses that infect bacteria, might constitute important factors explaining temporal variations in species abundance. Gut bacteria harbour numerous prophages, or dormant viruses, which can evolve to become ultravirulent phage mutants, potentially leading to important bacterial death. Whether such phenomenon occurs in the mammal’s microbiota has been largely unexplored. Here we studied temperate phage–bacteria coevolution in gnotoxenic mice colonised with Roseburia intestinalis, a dominant symbiont of the human gut microbiota, and Escherichia coli, a sub-dominant member of the same microbiota. We show that R. intestinalisL1-82 harbours two active prophages, Jekyll and Shimadzu. We observed the systematic evolution in mice of ultravirulent Shimadzu phage mutants, which led to a collapse of R. intestinalispopulation. In a second step, phage infection drove the fast counter-evolution of host phage resistance mainly through phage-derived spacer acquisition in a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats array. Alternatively, phage resistance was conferred by a prophage originating from an ultravirulent phage with a restored ability to lysogenize. Our results demonstrate that prophages are a potential source of ultravirulent phages that can successfully infect most of the susceptible bacteria. This suggests that prophages can play important roles in the short-term temporal variations observed in the composition of the gut microbiota.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Polysaccharide Structures in the Outer Mucilage of ArabidopsisSeeds Visualized by AFM
- Author
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Williams, Martin A. K., Cornuault, Valérie, Irani, Amir H., Symonds, V. Vaughan, Malmström, Jenny, An, Yiran, Sims, Ian M., Carnachan, Susan M., Sallé, Christine, and North, Helen M.
- Abstract
Evidence is presented that the polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) can be biosynthesized in remarkably organized branched configurations and surprisingly long versions and can self-assemble into a plethora of structures. AFM imaging has been applied to study the outer mucilage obtained from wild-type (WT) and mutant (bxl1-3and cesa5-1) Arabidopsis thalianaseeds. For WT mucilage, ordered, multichain structures of the polysaccharide RGI were observed, with a helical twist visible in favorable circumstances. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated the stability of several possible multichain complexes and the possibility of twisted fibril formation. For bxl1-3seeds, the imaged polymers clearly showed the presence of side chains. These were surprisingly regular and well organized with an average length of ∼100 nm and a spacing of ∼50 nm. The heights of the side chains imaged were suggestive of single polysaccharide chains, while the backbone was on average 4 times this height and showed regular height variations along its length consistent with models of multichain fibrils examined in MD. Finally, in mucilage extracts from cesa5-1seeds, a minor population of chains in excess of 30 μm long was observed.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Diastolic dysfunction is associated with cardiac small vessel disease in ovariectomized females but not in males.
- Author
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Cornuault, Lauriane, Grouthier, Virginie, Rouault, Paul, Bourguignon, Célia, Foussard, Ninon, Chapouly, Candice, Gadeau, Alain-Pierre, Couffinhal, Thierry, and Renault, Marie-Ange
- Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease has been proposed to be responsible for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) about 10 years ago. However, to date the role and phenotype of the coronary microvasculature have still been poorly considered and investigated in animal models of HFpEF. To characterize the phenotype of the coronary microvasculature in male and female mice with diastolic dysfunction. We assessed cardiac function and characterized the coronary microvasculature in two mouse models of HFpEF: mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD) + L-NAME regimen and Leptin receptor deficient (Leprdb/db) mice. Notably, our study was done in males, females and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice in order to search for possible sexual dysmorphism. Upon a HFD + L-NAME regimen, both males and OVX females but not non OVX females develop diastolic dysfunction attested by an increased end diastolic pressure. In Leprdb/db mice, both male and non OVX female mice develop diastolic dysfunction. Notably, female mice have reduced estradiol and progesterone level mice mimicking ovariectomy. We found that both OVX and non OVX females but not males display increased endothelial activation attested by increased ICAM1 expression, endothelium leakage attested by increased Fibrinogen and IgG extravasation and decreased arteriole diameter suggesting vasoconstriction. The same results were found in Leprdb/db mice. Diastolic dysfunction is not always associated with cardiac small vessel disease since Leprdb/db males and C57BL/6 J males fed with a high fat diet (HFD) + L-NAME regimen develop diastolic dysfunction in the absence of endothelial dysfunction. Also endothelial dysfunction may not be sufficient to induce diastolic dysfunction since non OVX female mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD) + L-NAME regimen display endothelial dysfunction while they do not develop diastolic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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46. Cardiac pericytes may contribute to heart disease.
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Bourguignon, Célia, Cornuault, Lauriane, Foussard, Ninon, Rouault, Paul, Grouthier, Virginie, Chapouly, Candice, Gadeau, Alain-Pierre, Couffinhal, Thierry, and Renault, Marie-Ange
- Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of death worldwide are promoted by well-known risk factors that include high blood pressure, age, sex, diabetes and/or obesity. Pericytes are mural cells wrapped around microvessels in many organs. They are mostly described as essential for microvascular integrity in the brain and retina. While the detrimental effects of cardiovascular risk factors on endothelial cells have been extensively studied, little is known about their impact on the biology of pericytes, especially in the heart. To determine how cardiac pericytes are modified by some cardiovascular risk factors. To do so, we used mice that were exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) only to recapitulate obesity, to a HFD together with low dose-streptozotocin injections to mimic type 2 diabetes or to a HFD and L-NAME to recapitulate obesity with a mild hypertension. Mice were sacrificed 3 or 6 months after establishing these risk factors for histological and gene expression analyses. In mice exposed to the HFD + L-NAME regimen for 3 months, the percentage of capillaries covered by pericytes was not modified. However their phenotype appeared to be modified. Indeed, we isolated pericytes (CD31–, CD146+ cells) in the heart of both HFD L-NAME fed mice and control mice using magnetic beads and performed a bulk RNA-sequencing analysis on these cells which identified 3 genes of which the expression was significantly different in the 2 groups. In particular, Angiopoietin-like 4 mRNA expression was increased in the pericytes of HFD + L-NAME fed mice. This protein plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism which makes it attractive to explore. In mice exposed to either HFD alone of HFD + streptozotocin for 6 months, the percentage of capillaries covered by pericytes was significantly diminished suggesting pericyte death. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes, may change the phenotype and/or the number of pericytes in the heart suggesting that these cells, known to be critical for microvascular integrity, could contribute to the onset of cardiac diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator praliciguat promotes ischemic leg reperfusion in db/db mice.
- Author
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Foussard, Ninon, Cornuault, Lauriane, Rouault, Paul, Reynaud, Annabel, Buys, Emmanuel, Chapouly, Candice, Gadeau, Alain-Pierre, Couffinhal, Thierry, Mohammedi, Kamel, and Renault, Marie-Ange
- Abstract
Lower-limb peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a prevalent and challenging complication of diabetes, requiring innovating therapies. Praliciguat is an orally available stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) reported to have favorable effects on metabolic and hemodynamic endpoints in preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting the potential for benefit in PAD. We evaluated the effect of praliciguat on hindlimb ischemia recovery in a mouse model of diabetes and investigated the molecular mechanism of sGC stimulation. Hindlimb ischemia was induced in db/db mice by ligation and excision of the left femoral artery. Praliciguat 10 mg/kg/day (n = 10 mice) or vehicle (n = 10) were administered in the diet for 31 days starting 3 days before surgery. Foot perfusion was assessed with a Laser Doppler Imager and reported as a ratio in the ischemic versus non-ischemic limb. Ischemic leg function was assessed with a 4-point scale: 0, plantar/toe flexion in response to tail traction; 1, plantar but not toe flexion; 2, no flexion; 3, foot dragging. Ischemic foot perfusion and function were better 28 days after surgery in praliciguat than in vehicle treated mice (mean ± SD: perfusion 1.05 ± 0.23 vs. 0.38 ± 0.16; P < 0.0001; function 1.14 ± 0.36 vs. 1.73 ± 0.80; P = 0.03). Praliciguat did not impact angiogenesis. Arteriolar diameter was higher (9.88 ± 0.96 vs. 8.57 ± 0.64 μm; P = 0.004) and ICAM-1 expression lower (186 ± 41 vs. 403 ± 177% of healthy muscle; P = 0.005) in the ischemic limb of mice treated with praliciguat than with vehicle. Praliciguat attenuated accumulation of oxidative pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory muscle fibers. In cultured myoblasts praliciguat significantly downregulated Myh2 and Cxcl12 mRNA expression. Conditioned medium from praliciguat-treated myoblast decreased ICAM-1 mRNA expression in HUVECs. These results suggest that praliciguat restored perfusion and function in the ischemic muscle of db/db mice by increasing arteriolar diameter and decreasing ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells via downregulation of Cxcl12 in myocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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48. Desert Hedgehog related endothelial dysfunction is sufficient to induce diastolic dysfunction.
- Author
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Rouault, Paul, Guimbal, Sarah, Cornuault, Lauriane, Mora, Pierre, Chapouly, Candice, Gadeau, Alain-Pierre, Couffinhal, Thierry, and Renault, Marie-Ange
- Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is proposed to be caused by endothelial dysfunction in cardiac small vessels. Our goal is to demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction is sufficient to induce diastolic dysfunction using mice with genetically induced endothelial dysfunction. We used Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) endothelial deficient mice (DhhECKO) as such a model. Indeed, we recently demonstrated that Dhh is critical for endothelial integrity. Practically, DhhECKO mice were administered with tamoxifen at 8 weeks of age to induce Dhh KO and endothelial dysfunction. Mice were sacrificed one month later. As expected, DhhECKO mice exhibited phenotypic changes in their cardiac small vessels characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype, a pro-thrombotic phenotype and abnormal endothelium permeability. Notably, these changes are sufficient to induce diastolic dysfunction since DhhECKO mice presented significantly increased end-diastolic pressures, while their left ventricular ejection fraction was comparable to control mice. Moreover, DhhECKO have a reduced exercise tolerance, suggesting a heart failure. Importantly, Aspirin therapy prevented the occurrence of both diastolic dysfunction and exercise intolerance in these mice. Altogether, these results demonstrate that small vessel thrombosis may participate in the pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. PREPARATION DE GRAPHITE DE HAUTE DENSITE
- Author
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BERGOGNON, P., primary, CORNUAULT, P., additional, BENTOLILA, J., additional, and PRICE, M.S.T., additional
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- 1962
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50. Circulation Changes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Over the Past 23,000 Years Inferred From Authigenic Nd Isotopic Ratios
- Author
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Cornuault, Marine, Tachikawa, Kazuyo, Vidal, Laurence, Guihou, Abel, Siani, Giuseppe, Deschamps, Pierre, Bassinot, Franck, and Revel, Marie
- Abstract
The Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) is a key region to study circulation change because of its own thermohaline circulation. In this study, we focused on intermediate/deep water circulation since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) including the sapropel S1 period. Two cores from the Levantine Sea and the Strait of Sicily, respectively, collected at 1,780 m and 771 m water depth, were studied using 143Nd/144Nd (εNd) of foraminiferal tests and leachates as well as benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O). This approach allowed the determination of variations in (1) the North Atlantic water contribution to the Mediterranean basin, (2) water exchanges at the Strait of Sicily, and (3) the influence of the Nile River over the last 23,000 years. During the LGM, high benthic foraminiferal δ13C values indicate well‐ventilated intermediate and deep waters in the EMS. The εNdvalues were more radiogenic than at present, reflecting a smaller contribution of unradiogenic North Atlantic waters to the EMS due to reduced exchange at the Strait of Sicily. The sluggish circulation in the EMS initiated during deglaciation was further enhanced by increased Nile River freshwater inputs between 15 ka BP and the S1 period. Partial dissolution of Nile River particles contributed to an increase in EMS εNd. The large εNdgradient between the EMS and the Western Mediterranean Sea observed during LGM and S1 suggests that each basin had a distinct circulation mode. Decreasing εNdvalues at the Strait of Sicily after S1 reflected improved water exchange between both basins, leading to the modern circulation pattern. First high‐resolution εNdrecords for intermediate and deep water from the EMS for the last 23 kyrDifferent circulation pattern in WMS and EMS during LGM and S1 compared to present dayImprint of North Atlantic climate on Mediterranean circulation and ventilation since the LGM
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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