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Featured Application: Salicylaldehyde and 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol can be used as potential antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic agents for crops/foods to be processed. Crops such as tree nuts, corn and peanut are highly susceptible to infestation by the aspergilli Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin (AF) contamination, a serious threat to public food safety. Conventional control of the aspergilli has been through the application of fungicides; however, certain fungicides at sub-optimal doses have been correlated with increased production of mycotoxins including AF. Natural products (NP) have been a potential source of antifungal agents. In this study, we performed risk assessment testing, for which thirteen NP/derivatives (generally recognized as safe) were examined at sub-inhibitory concentrations to determine the enhancement of AF production in aspergilli. We found that benzaldehyde derivatives or thymol (THY) enhanced AF production in aspergilli, while 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol (4I3M), a synthetic analog of the NP THY and carvacrol, or salicylaldehyde (SLD) exerted a potent antifungal or mycotoxin-inhibitory effect. In seed testing (corn, pistachio kernels), SLD effectively prevented fungal growth as a fumigant, while 4I3M completely inhibited AF production at ≥1.0 mM. Therefore, we concluded that NP/derivatives that do not have any significant environmental impact can be a potent source of antifungal or anti-mycotoxigenic agents, either in their nascent form or as leads for more effective derivatives; however, NP should be applied at optimum concentrations to prevent the abnormal enhancement of mycotoxin production by fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crops such as tree nuts, corn and peanut are highly susceptible to infestation by the aspergilli Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin (AF) contamination, a serious threat to public food safety. Conventional control of the aspergilli has been through the application of fungicides; however, certain fungicides at sub-optimal doses have been correlated with increased production of mycotoxins including AF. Natural products (NP) have been a potential source of antifungal agents. In this study, we performed risk assessment testing, for which thirteen NP/derivatives (generally recognized as safe) were examined at sub-inhibitory concentrations to determine the enhancement of AF production in aspergilli. We found that benzaldehyde derivatives or thymol (THY) enhanced AF production in aspergilli, while 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol (4I3M), a synthetic analog of the NP THY and carvacrol, or salicylaldehyde (SLD) exerted a potent antifungal or mycotoxin-inhibitory effect. In seed testing (corn, pistachio kernels), SLD effectively prevented fungal growth as a fumigant, while 4I3M completely inhibited AF production at ≥1.0 mM. Therefore, we concluded that NP/derivatives that do not have any significant environmental impact can be a potent source of antifungal or anti-mycotoxigenic agents, either in their nascent form or as leads for more effective derivatives; however, NP should be applied at optimum concentrations to prevent the abnormal enhancement of mycotoxin production by fungi.

Foot pain and deformities are significant problems that increase with age and are significantly more prevalent in women. Calluses and corns are both common and inconvenient, and the accompanying pain complaints significantly reduce the quality of life. Professional foot care is one of the key elements in the prevention of foot disorders and improves the comfort of people with such problems. The aim of the present research was to assess the impact of podiatry treatments on the foot conditions, including parameters related to foot geometry, the forefoot pressure on the ground, and the occurrence of pain in women over 50. In each volunteer, history and physical examination were performed and an objective assessment with the use of the digital foot scanner and the baropodometric measurements was performed. The examinations were conducted before the beginning of the procedures and up to a week after each of the three podiatry treatments performed at monthly intervals. Specialist foot care treatments influenced the values of the hallux valgus angle, the varus angle of the fifth toe, and the longitudinal arch. After each treatment, the percentage of feet with normal longitudinal arch was significantly greater than before the treatments. The treatments influenced the value of pressure in the forefoot. The percentage of feet with pain decreased significantly after each treatment. Performed podiatry treatments, consisting of the removal of changes related to keratosis, not only normalized the parameters related to foot geometry and the forefoot pressure on the ground but also reduced foot pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: One theoretical advantage of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to spray pesticides for maturing corn is that the strong downwash penetrates canopies. However, only few studies have been conducted to examine in‐canopy downwash characteristics. This paper investigated the downwash by a six‐rotor UAV in mature cornfields. 3D wind speeds in corn canopies and an open area were measured, and comparisons conducted. RESULTS: The downwash by the UAV resulted in in‐canopy maximum wind speeds. Z‐dimensional downwash was sensitive to all factors, whereas the X‐ and Y‐dimensional downwashes were related to layers and crop positions. Meanwhile, when comparing with the downwash between a 2 m hovering position and the optimal flight parameters, the X‐dimensional and Y‐dimensional motion time of top‐layer downwash generally advanced by 3.8 s and 1.6 s, whereas both motion time and the strength of the Z‐dimensional downwash were impeded by ≈2.2‐s hysteresis at middle layers and ≈4.5‐s time reduction, respectively. Thus, combined with distributions, the corn on the left or right might not be sprayed sufficiently. Furthermore, under the convergence requirement error of 0.01, the overall correlation of the model was ≈0.846 in terms of the Z‐dimensional downwash and ≈0.55 and 0.61 for the X‐ and Y‐dimensions, respectively. CONCLUSION: The selection of operation parameters should mainly consider the Z‐dimensional downwash. The optimal operation parameters were a height of 2 m with a speed of 4 m s−1. Meanwhile, the canopy effect could influence the uniformity, motion and strength of downwash. Predictions could be achieved before operation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot pain and deformities are significant problems that increase with age and are significantly more prevalent in women. Calluses and corns are both common and inconvenient, and the accompanying pain complaints significantly reduce the quality of life. Professional foot care is one of the key elements in the prevention of foot disorders and improves the comfort of people with such problems. The aim of the present research was to assess the impact of podiatry treatments on the foot conditions, including parameters related to foot geometry, the forefoot pressure on the ground, and the occurrence of pain in women over 50. In each volunteer, history and physical examination were performed and an objective assessment with the use of the digital foot scanner and the baropodometric measurements was performed. The examinations were conducted before the beginning of the procedures and up to a week after each of the three podiatry treatments performed at monthly intervals. Specialist foot care treatments influenced the values of the hallux valgus angle, the varus angle of the fifth toe, and the longitudinal arch. After each treatment, the percentage of feet with normal longitudinal arch was significantly greater than before the treatments. The treatments influenced the value of pressure in the forefoot. The percentage of feet with pain decreased significantly after each treatment. Performed podiatry treatments, consisting of the removal of changes related to keratosis, not only normalized the parameters related to foot geometry and the forefoot pressure on the ground but also reduced foot pain.

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Abstract Background The management of plantar corns and callus has a low cost-benefit with reduced prioritisation in healthcare. The distinction between types of keratin lesions that forms corns and callus has attracted limited interest. Observation is imperative to improving diagnostic predictions and a number of studies point to some confusion as to how best to achieve this. The use of photographic observation has been proposed to improve our understanding of intractable keratin lesions. Methods Students from a podiatry school reviewed photographs where plantar keratin lesions were divided into four nominal groups; light callus (Grade 1), heavy defined callus (Grade 2), concentric keratin plugs (Grade 3) and callus with deeper density changes under the forefoot (Grade 4). A group of ‘experts’ assigned from qualified podiatrists validated the observer rated responses by the students. Results Cohen’s weighted statistic (k) was used to measure inter-observer reliability. First year students (unskilled) performed less well when viewing photographs (k = 0.33) compared to third year students (semi-skilled, k = 0.62). The experts performed better than students (k = 0.88) providing consistency with wound care models in other studies. Conclusions Improved clinical annotation of clinical features, supported by classification of keratin- based lesions, combined with patient outcome tools, could improve the scientific rationale to prioritise patient care. Problems associated with photographic assessment involves trying to differentiate similar lesions without the benefit of direct palpation. Direct observation of callus with and without debridement requires further investigation alongside the model proposed in this paper.

Background: The management of plantar corns and callus has a low cost-benefit with reduced prioritisation in healthcare. The distinction between types of keratin lesions that forms corns and callus has attracted limited interest. Observation is imperative to improving diagnostic predictions and a number of studies point to some confusion as to how best to achieve this. The use of photographic observation has been proposed to improve our understanding of intractable keratin lesions. Methods: Students from a podiatry school reviewed photographs where plantar keratin lesions were divided into four nominal groups; light callus (Grade 1), heavy defined callus (Grade 2), concentric keratin plugs (Grade 3) and callus with deeper density changes under the forefoot (Grade 4). A group of 'experts' assigned from qualified podiatrists validated the observer rated responses by the students. Results: Cohen's weighted statistic (k) was used to measure inter-observer reliability. First year students (unskilled) performed less well when viewing photographs (k = 0.33) compared to third year students (semi-skilled, k = 0.62). The experts performed better than students (k = 0.88) providing consistency with wound care models in other studies. Conclusions: Improved clinical annotation of clinical features, supported by classification of keratin-based lesions, combined with patient outcome tools, could improve the scientific rationale to prioritise patient care. Problems associated with photographic assessment involves trying to differentiate similar lesions without the benefit of direct palpation. Direct observation of callus with and without debridement requires further investigation alongside the model proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Corns are hard protuberances that occur on the digital footpads of Greyhound dogs. The cause of these lesions is unknown and there is little information about them in the veterinary literature. We received anecdotal examples of dog to dog spread of corns suggesting an infectious cause. The aim of this study was to determine if papillomavirus (PV) is associated with Greyhound corns. Methods We examined four corns from two unrelated adult Greyhound dogs that resided in Florida and Washington, respectively, for PV by PCR. The samples were obtained by owner coring of two lesions from one dog and laser removal of two lesions from the other dog. Total nucleic acid was extracted and DNA was amplified using two PCR primer sets that have been shown to amplify a broad range of PVs from humans and animals: FAP59/ FAP64 and MY11/ MY09. The DNA sequences were compared with all sequences in GenBank. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from the footpads of four dogs with other inflammatory dermatoses were also examined. Results PV DNA was amplified from all four corn lesions, while no PV DNA was amplified from other tissues. Comparison of the 444-bp sequences amplified by the MY11/ MY09 primers identified two different PVs. One showed 96% nucleotide sequence similarity with the L1 gene of canine PV type 12. The other showed 78% similarity to canine PV type 16 and, therefore, represents a novel PV. In one of the corns, infection by two of the identified PVs was found. Discussion These results suggest PV infection could be involved in the pathogenesis of corns in Greyhound dogs.

Abstract Background Plantar foot skin exhibits unique biophysical properties that are distinct from skin on other areas of the body. This paper characterises, using non‐invasive methods, the biophysical properties of foot skin in healthy and pathological states including xerosis, heel fissures, calluses and corns. Methods Ninety three people participated. Skin hydration, elasticity, collagen and elastin fibre organisation and surface texture was measured from plantar calluses, corns, fissured heel skin and xerotic heel skin. Previously published criteria were applied to classify the severity of each skin lesion and differences in the biophysical properties compared between each classification. Results Calluses, corns, xerotic heel skin and heel fissures had significantly lower levels of hydration; less elasticity and greater surface texture than unaffected skin sites (p

Abstract Background Corns are a common foot problem affecting a large proportion of the population. This study describes the characteristics of corns experienced by 201 participants taking part in a randomised controlled trial to investigate associations between demographic and corn parameters on pain, foot related disability and quality of life (QoL). Methods Pain from the main (index) corn was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS); foot related disability was assessed with the Foot Disability Questionnaire (now known as the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index) and quality of life was recorded with the EQ‐5D questionnaire. The effect of demographic and corn parameters on the pain and quality of life outcomes was assessed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods. The effect of the same factors on a linear combination of the foot‐related disability outcome measures was assessed using multivariate ANOVA methods. Pain was also tested for its mediating properties on the causal pathway between the independent variables and quality of life. Results The mean pain score was 5.29 points on a 10 cm VAS, with females reporting substantively higher pain levels than males. Age affected foot‐related disability, with lower levels on all domains of the MFPDI reported in older participants; each year of advancing age was associated with falls of: 0.009 points on the Concern about Appearance (CA) domain; 0.047 points on the Functional Limitation (FL) domain and 0.048 points on the Pain Intensity (PI) domain. Sex and corn type also affected disability, with higher scores reported by females and participants with plantar corns. Conclusions The effect of pain was shown to mediate the relationship between sex and foot‐related disability. The presence of plantar corns has a more detrimental effect on QoL than dorsal/inter‐digital corns. Trial registration ISRCTN 13166839

This study assesses the effect of salicylic acid plasters on the time to resolution of 324 corns experienced by 201 participants taking part in a randomized controlled trial. While the rate of corn resolution was substantively higher in the treatment group than in the control group, treatment was found to be not significantly related to time to corn recurrence when analyzed over the full 12-month follow-up period. Parametric survival analysis modeling of interval-censored data and incorporating patient-specific frailty terms was utilized, to model correlation of corns within patients (hazard ratio [ HR], 1.189; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.780-1.813; P = 0.422). Median resolution times were 10.0 months for corns in the treatment group and 13.4 months for corns in the control group. Controlling for treatment, corn type was found to be related to resolution time, with dorsal/interdigital ( ID) corns showing better resolution than plantar corns ( HR, 1.670; 95% CI, 1.061-2.630; P = 0.027). Median resolution times were 5.9 months for dorsal/ ID corns and 14.9 months for plantar corns. Secondary measures relating to quality of life (QoL) and foot-related disability, using the EQ-5D questionnaire and the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index ( MFPDI), were also assessed at the patient level in multivariate models. Treatment was not significantly related to any of these measures over the whole period of analysis. However, a trend analysis revealed a quadratic trend in QoL and MFPDI scores, arising from a substantive initial improvement between baseline and 3 months, followed by a gradual decrease between 3 and 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation of occurrence and hazards by Tetranychus truncatus and T. urticae on corns in test garden of Agricultural College of Yanbian University were narrated in detail. The characteristics of distribution and damage by T. truncates and T. urticae, morphological characteristics, the rule of currencies and its relationship with environment were summarized, and the methods of comprehensive treatment were put out, which could effectively control the hazard degree of T. truncates and T. urticae on corns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Corns are a common foot problem affecting a large proportion of the population. This study describes the characteristics of corns experienced by 201 participants taking part in a randomised controlled trial to investigate associations between demographic and corn parameters on pain, foot related disability and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Pain from the main (index) corn was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS); foot related disability was assessed with the Foot Disability Questionnaire (now known as the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index) and quality of life was recorded with the EQ-5D questionnaire. The effect of demographic and corn parameters on the pain and quality of life outcomes was assessed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods. The effect of the same factors on a linear combination of the foot-related disability outcome measures was assessed using multivariate ANOVA methods. Pain was also tested for its mediating properties on the causal pathway between the independent variables and quality of life. Results: The mean pain score was 5.29 points on a 10 cm VAS, with females reporting substantively higher pain levels than males. Age affected foot-related disability, with lower levels on all domains of the MFPDI reported in older participants; each year of advancing age was associated with falls of: 0.009 points on the Concern about Appearance (CA) domain; 0.047 points on the Functional Limitation (FL) domain and 0.048 points on the Pain Intensity (PI) domain. Sex and corn type also affected disability, with higher scores reported by females and participants with plantar corns. Conclusions: The effect of pain was shown to mediate the relationship between sex and foot-related disability. The presence of plantar corns has a more detrimental effect on QoL than dorsal/inter-digital corns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plantar foot skin exhibits unique biophysical properties that are distinct from skin on other areas of the body. This paper characterises, using non-invasive methods, the biophysical properties of foot skin in healthy and pathological states including xerosis, heel fissures, calluses and corns. Methods: Ninety three people participated. Skin hydration, elasticity, collagen and elastin fibre organisation and surface texture was measured from plantar calluses, corns, fissured heel skin and xerotic heel skin. Previously published criteria were applied to classify the severity of each skin lesion and differences in the biophysical properties compared between each classification. Results: Calluses, corns, xerotic heel skin and heel fissures had significantly lower levels of hydration; less elasticity and greater surface texture than unaffected skin sites (p < 0.01). Some evidence was found for a positive correlation between hydration and elasticity data (r = 0.65) at hyperkeratotic sites. Significant differences in skin properties (with the exception of texture) were noted between different classifications of skin lesion. Conclusions: This study provides benchmark data for healthy and different severities of pathological foot skin. These data have applications ranging from monitoring the quality of foot skin, to measuring the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Plantar callosities are a common cause of pain in the forefoot and also a cause of alterations in plantar pressure. Mechanical debridement with a scalpel can relieve pain and increase functional capacity. Objective The aim of the study was to analyse if debridement of plantar callosities and corns modify walking. Methods Thirty four patients with plantar foot pain due to callosities and corns, and up to 5 in the visual analogical scale (VAS) of pain, (20 women, age 29 ± 11.57 years) were analysed by taking into account the changes of their gait. The outcome measurement was the VAS scale and the Win-track system, cycle of the gait(milliseconds), angle(degrees), cadence(number/minutes) and step(centimetres) were measured, 24 h before and after the debridement with a scalpel. Results There were significant differences in foot pain (mean 67.7, p < 0.001) but there were no significant differences in measures of gait variables before the debridement of the callosities, and 24 h after the procedure, being all those above 0.05. Conclusions Our study shows that the debridement with scalpel does not change the variables of the gait 24 h after the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in color parameters (L*, a*, b*, ΔE*, h°, and C* values) of corn during roasting were investigated and subsequently described using mathematical models. Corn kernels were roasted for 50 min at 160, 180, 200, 220, and 240°C. The L*, b*, h°, and C* values tended to decrease more rapidly as the roasting temperature and time increased up to 220°C and 50 min, whereas a* and ΔE* values tended to increase. Variation of L* and ΔE* values was found to be proportional to the roasting temperature and time. Variation of L* value during roasting above 180°C was adequately described by a first-order model. Cubic model satisfactorily described changes in all of color parameters over the temperature range. Activation energies of L* and ΔE* values were determined as 34.04 and 79.16 kJ/mol, respectively. Results suggest that L* and ΔE* values may be used as color control indicators during roasting of corn kernels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the diagnosis, prevention and management of elderly feet, highlighting the problems caused due to trauma. It also states the management of corns and calluses, types of ulcers and gangrene caused due to arterial block to the body part. The health professionals examined different diseases, carrying out investigations to find the cause for the disease by assessing multiple tests and advisory regarding the same is also presented.

Abstract: A randomised controlled trial was undertaken to compare treatment outcomes for neurovascular, neurofibrous and hard corns. Patients with suitable lesions were referred from community clinics within Manchester PCT. Fifty-nine subjects were enrolled into the study and randomised to one of two treatment groups; group (a) those treated with electrosurgery and (b) a control group treated with standard sharp debridement. The principle outcome measure was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score (0, no pain; 10, worst pain experienced) and lesions were categorised as demonstrating no change, partial or complete resolution. Data were analysed using ‘Intention to Treat’ methodology, i.e. analysis of data from subjects randomised to each group (electrosurgery group n =34; control group n =25). The results show a statistically significant reduction in pain in group (a) as reported at the 6 month review (p =0.0001) with a complete and partial resolution rate of 26% and 50%, respectively compared with group (b) whose pain level reduction was not significant and which showed resolution rates of 4% and 28% only. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The 2005 season of Super Girl not only turned Li Yuchun into a household name in China but also witnessed the birth of Corn fandom, a massive and predominantly female fan group. In this article, I examine Corns' dedicated support of Li Yuchun's music career, and analyse their free labour from a fan perspective. I argue that with the emergence of 'participatory culture', Corns have been able to participate in the star-making process of Chinese musicentertainment industry on an unprecedented scale. They begin to assume the intriguing new role of 'prosumers' that integrates fan production, fan promotion, and fan consumption all in one. But Corns' partnership with the industry is highly problematic. While it provides a channel for them to assert their collective agency and power, it also leads to target marketing and aggravated corporate exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary care physicians provide a wide variety of treatments and conditions affecting the foot. This article discusses the removal of toenails, both full and partial removal. Subungual hematoma/Subungual blistering evacuation as well as wart, corn, callus, and blister management will also be discussed., Competing Interests: Disclosure The author has nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Simple Summary: In China, the largest pig-raising country in the world, feed resources are gradually scarce, and the imports of grain crops including corn are increasing. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to find alternatives to grain feed materials. Defatted rice bran (DFRB), an abundant and underutilized agricultural coproduct of brown rice refining process, is rich in energy and dietary fiber (DF). The aims of this study were to assess the effects of increasing levels of DFRB (0%, 7%, 14%, 21%, and 28% DFRB) as a replacement for corns on intestinal physical barrier function and numbers of specific bacteria, and determine the optimal substitution level of DFRB in finishing pigs. We found that 7% DFRB as a replacement for corns had a beneficial effect on intestinal wall thickness, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), and had no adverse effect on intestinal permeability and Escherichia coli. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of increasing levels of DFRB as a replacement for corns on intestinal physical barrier function and bacteria of finishing pigs. A total of 35 castrated finishing pigs (age: 158.5 ± 2.0 d, initial body weight: 62.9 ± 0.8 kg) were randomly divided into five dietary treatments (seven replicates/treatment) for a 28-day experimental period, i.e., a control diet with basal diet, and four experimental diets in which maize was replaced by 7%, 14%, 21%, and 28% DFRB, respectively. The results showed that serum endotoxins concentration and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity were both increased (linear, p = 0.0004, 0.001, respectively) with DFRB level. However, compared with control group, serum endotoxins concentration and DAO activity were not different in pigs fed with 7% DFRB in the diet. There was a quadratic response in serum D-lactate concentration to the increased DFRB (quadratic, p = 0.021). In the cecum, thickness of the intestinal wall significantly increased with increasing levels of DFRB in the diets (linear, p = 0.033), while crypt depth/thickness of the intestinal wall ratio significantly decreased with increasing level of DFRB in the diets (linear, p = 0.043). In the jejunum, total bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Bifidobacterium all responded quadratically to increasing levels of DFRB in the diets (quadratic, p = 0.003, 0.001, 0.006, respectively). Additionally, there was no difference in Escherichia coli in pigs fed 0%, 7%, and 14% DFRB diets. In the colon, there were quadratic responses in C. perfringens to the increased DFRB (quadratic, p = 0.023). C. perfringens reduced as the DFRB concentration increased from 0% to 14% and then increased. When D-lactate, total bacteria, Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium, and C. perfringens were considered, the optimal substitution level of DFRB were 12.00%, 11.84%, 7.50%, 8.92%, and 15.92%, respectively. In conclusion, 7% DFRB had a beneficial effect on intestinal wall thickness, Bifidobacterium and C. perfringens, and had no adverse effect on intestinal permeability and Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Corns are hard protuberances that occur on the digital footpads of Greyhound dogs. The cause of these lesions is unknown and there is little information about them in the veterinary literature. We received anecdotal examples of dog to dog spread of corns suggesting an infectious cause. The aim of this study was to determine if papillomavirus (PV) is associated with Greyhound corns., Methods: We examined four corns from two unrelated adult Greyhound dogs that resided in Florida and Washington, respectively, for PV by PCR. The samples were obtained by owner coring of two lesions from one dog and laser removal of two lesions from the other dog. Total nucleic acid was extracted and DNA was amplified using two PCR primer sets that have been shown to amplify a broad range of PVs from humans and animals: FAP59/ FAP64 and MY11/ MY09. The DNA sequences were compared with all sequences in GenBank. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from the footpads of four dogs with other inflammatory dermatoses were also examined., Results: PV DNA was amplified from all four corn lesions, while no PV DNA was amplified from other tissues. Comparison of the 444-bp sequences amplified by the MY11/ MY09 primers identified two different PVs. One showed 96% nucleotide sequence similarity with the L1 gene of canine PV type 12. The other showed 78% similarity to canine PV type 16 and, therefore, represents a novel PV. In one of the corns, infection by two of the identified PVs was found., Discussion: These results suggest PV infection could be involved in the pathogenesis of corns in Greyhound dogs., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests.