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1. C3IEL: Cluster for Cloud Evolution, ClImatE and Lightning

Author

Rosenfeld, Daniel, Cornet, Celine, Aviad, Shmaryahu, Binet, Renaud, Crebassol, Philippe, Dandini, Paolo, Defer, Eric, Deschamps, Adrien, Fenouil, Laetitia, Frid, Alex, Holodovsky, Vadim, Kaidar, Avner, Peroni, Raphael, Pierangelo, Clemence, Price, Colin, Ricard, Didier, Schechner, Yoav, and Yair, Yoav

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Clouds play a major role in Earth's energy budget and hydrological cycle. Clouds dynamical structure and mixing with the ambient air have a large impact on their vertical mass and energy fluxes and on precipitation. Most of the cloud evolution and mixing occurs at scales smaller than presently observable from geostationary orbit, which is less than 1 km. A satellite mission is planned for bridging this gap, named "Cluster for Cloud evolution, ClImatE and Lightning" (C3IEL). The mission is a collaboration between the Israeli (ISA) and French (CNES) space agencies, which is presently at the end of its Phase A. The planned mission will be constituted of a constellation of 2 to 3 nanosatellites in a sun synchronous early afternoon polar orbit, which will take multi-stereoscopic images of the field of view during an overpass. C3IEL will carry 3 instruments: (1) CLOUD visible imager at a spatial resolution of 20 m. The multi-stereoscopic reconstruction of the evolution of cloud envelops at a resolution better than 100 m and velocity of few m/s will provide an unprecedented information on the clouds dynamics and evolution. (2) WATER VAPOR imagers at 3 wavebands with different vapor absorption will provide vertically integrated water vapor around the cloud and possibly a 3-dimensional structure of the vapor around the clouds due to their mixing and evaporation with the ambient air. (3) Lightning Optical Imagers and Photometers (LOIP). The lightning sensors will provide a link between cloud dynamics and electrification at higher spatial resolution than previously available. C3IEL will provide presently missing observational evidence for the role of clouds at sub-km scale in redistributing the energy and water in the atmosphere, and of the relation between storm vigor and frequency of lightning activity.

Published
2022

3. Path-tracing Monte Carlo Library for 3D Radiative Transfer in Highly Resolved Cloudy Atmospheres

Author

Villefranque, Najda, Couvreux, Fleur, Fournier, Richard, Blanco, Stéphane, Cornet, Céline, Eymet, Vincent, Forest, Vincent, and Tregan, Jean-Marc

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

Interactions between clouds and radiation are at the root of many difficulties in numerically predicting future weather and climate and in retrieving the state of the atmosphere from remote sensing observations. The large range of issues related to these interactions, and in particular to three-dimensional interactions, motivated the development of accurate radiative tools able to compute all types of radiative metrics, from monochromatic, local and directional observables, to integrated energetic quantities. In the continuity of this community effort, we propose here an open-source library for general use in Monte Carlo algorithms. This library is devoted to the acceleration of path-tracing in complex data, typically high-resolution large-domain grounds and clouds. The main algorithmic advances embedded in the library are those related to the construction and traversal of hierarchical grids accelerating the tracing of paths through heterogeneous fields in null-collision (maximum cross-section) algorithms. We show that with these hierarchical grids, the computing time is only weakly sensitivive to the refinement of the volumetric data. The library is tested with a rendering algorithm that produces synthetic images of cloud radiances. Two other examples are given as illustrations, that are respectively used to analyse the transmission of solar radiation under a cloud together with its sensitivity to an optical parameter, and to assess a parametrization of 3D radiative effects of clouds., Comment: Submitted to JAMES, revised and submitted again (this is v2)

Published
2019
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9. Multiple-scattering effects on single-wavelength lidar sounding of multi-layered clouds.

Author

Shcherbakov, Valery, Szczap, Frédéric, Mioche, Guillaume, and Cornet, Céline

Subjects
LIDAR, MULTIPLE scattering (Physics), MONTE Carlo method, BACKSCATTERING, PHOTON scattering
Abstract

We performed Monte Carlo simulations of single-wavelength lidar signals from multi-layered clouds with special attention focused on the multiple-scattering (MS) effect in regions of the cloud-free molecular atmosphere (i.e. between layers or outside a cloud system). Despite the fact that the strength of lidar signals from the molecular atmosphere is much lower compared to the in-cloud intervals, studies of MS effects in such regions are of interest from scientific and practical points of view. The MS effect on lidar signals always decreases with the increasing distance from the cloud far edge. The decrease is the direct consequence of the fact that the forward peak of particle phase functions is much larger than the receiver field of view (RFOV). Therefore, the photons scattered within the forward peak escape the sampling volume formed by the RFOV (i.e. the escape effect). We demonstrated that the escape effect is an inherent part of MS properties within the free atmosphere beyond the cloud far edge. In the cases of the ground-based lidar, the MS contribution is lower than 5 % within the regions of the cloud-free molecular atmosphere with a distance from the cloud far edge of about 1 km or higher. In the cases of the space-borne lidar, the rate of decrease of the MS contribution is so slow that the threshold of 5 % can hardly be reached. In addition, the effect of non-uniform beam filling is extremely strong. Therefore, practitioners should employ, with proper precautions, lidar data from regions below the cloud base when treating data of a space-borne lidar. In the case of two-layered cloud, the distance of 1 km is sufficiently large so that the scattered photons emerging from the first layer do not affect signals from the second layer when we are dealing with the ground-based lidar. In contrast, signals from the near edge of the second cloud layer are severely affected by the photons emerging from the first layer in the case of a space-borne lidar. We evaluated the Eloranta model (EM) in extreme conditions and showed its good performance in the cases of ground-based and space-borne lidars. At the same time, we revealed the shortcoming that can affect practical applications of the EM. Namely, values of the key parameters – i.e. the ratios of phase functions in the backscatter direction for the n th-order-scattered photon and a singly scattered photon – depend not only on the particle phase function but also on the distance from a lidar to the cloud and the receiver field of view. Those ratios vary within a quite large range, and the MS contribution to lidar signals can be largely overestimated or underestimated if erroneous values of the ratios are assigned to the EM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Liquid cloud optical property retrieval and associated uncertainties using multi-angular and bispectral measurements of the airborne radiometer OSIRIS

Author

Matar, Christian, Cornet, Céline, Parol, Frédéric, C.-Labonnote, Laurent, Auriol, Frédérique, and Nicolas, Marc

Abstract

In remote sensing applications, clouds are generally characterized by two properties: cloud optical thickness (COT) and effective radius of water–ice particles (Reff), as well as additionally by geometric properties when specific information is available. Most of the current operational passive remote sensing algorithms use a mono-angular bispectral method to retrieve COT and Reff. They are based on pre-computed lookup tables while assuming a homogeneous plane-parallel cloud layer. In this work, we use the formalism of the optimal estimation method, applied to airborne near-infrared high-resolution multi-angular measurements, to retrieve COT and Reff as well as the corresponding uncertainties related to the measurement errors, the non-retrieved parameters, and the cloud model assumptions. The measurements used were acquired by the airborne radiometer OSIRIS (Observing System Including PolaRization in the Solar Infrared Spectrum), developed by the Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique. It provides multi-angular measurements at a resolution of tens of meters, which is very suitable for refining our knowledge of cloud properties and their high spatial variability. OSIRIS is based on the POLDER (POlarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances) concept as a prototype of the future 3MI (Multi-viewing Multi-channel Multi-polarization Imager) planned to be launched on the EUMETSAT-ESA MetOp-SG platform in 2024. The approach used allows the exploitation of all the angular information available for each pixel to overcome the radiance angular effects. More consistent cloud properties with lower uncertainty compared to operational mono-directional retrieval methods (traditional bispectral method) are then obtained. The framework of the optimal estimation method also provides the possibility to estimate uncertainties of different sources. Three types of errors were evaluated: (1) errors related to measurement uncertainties, which reach 6 % and 12 % for COT and Reff, respectively, (2) errors related to an incorrect estimation of the ancillary data that remain below 0.5 %, and (3) errors related to the simplified cloud physical model assuming independent pixel approximation. We show that not considering the in-cloud heterogeneous vertical profiles and the 3D radiative transfer effects leads to an average uncertainty of 5 % and 4 % for COT and 13 % and 9 % for Reff.

Published
2023

11. Multiple-scattering effects on single-wavelength lidar sounding of multi-layered clouds

Author

Shcherbakov, Valery, Szczap, Frédéric, Mioche, Guillaume, and Cornet, Céline

Abstract

We performed Monte Carlo simulations of single-wavelength lidar signals from multi-layered clouds with special attention focused on multiple-scattering (MS) effect in regions of the cloud-free molecular atmosphere, i.e. between layers or outside a cloud system. Despite the fact that the strength of lidar signals from molecular atmosphere is much lower compared to the in-cloud intervals, studies of MS effects in such regions are of interest from scientific and practical points of view. The MS effect on lidar signals is always decreasing with the increasing distance from the cloud far edge. The decreasing is the direct consequence of the fact that the forward peak of particles phase functions is much larger than the receiver field of view (RFOV). Therefore, the photons scattered within the forward peak escape the sampling volume formed by the RFOV, i.e. the escape effect. We demonstrated that the escape effect is an inherent part of MS properties within the free atmosphere beyond the cloud far edge. In the cases of the ground-based lidar, the MS contribution is lower than 5 % within the regions of the cloud-free molecular atmosphere having the distance from the cloud far edge about 1 km or higher. In the cases of the space-borne lidar, the decreasing rate of the MS contribution is so slow that the threshold of 5 % can hardly be reached. In addition, the effect of non-uniform beam filling is extremely strong. Therefore, practitioners should employ with proper precautions lidar data from regions below the cloud base when treating data of a space-borne lidar. In the case of two-layered cloud, the distance of 1 km is sufficiently large that the scattered photons emerging from the first layer do not affect signals from the second layer when we are dealing with the ground-based lidar. In contrast, signals from the near edge of the second cloud layer are severely affected by the photons emerging from the first layer in the case of a space-borne lidar. We evaluated the Eloranta model (EM) in extreme conditions and showed its good performance in the cases of ground-based and space-borne lidars. At the same time, we revealed the shortcoming that can affect practical applications of the EM. Namely, values of the key parameters, i.e. the ratios of phase functions in the backscatter direction for the nth-order-scattered photon and a singly scattered photon depend not only on the particles phase function, but also on the distance from a lidar to the cloud and the receiver field of view. Those ratios vary within a quite large range and the MS contribution to lidar signals can be largely overestimated or underestimated if erroneous values of the ratios are assigned to the EM.

Published
2023

12. EUREC 4 A

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher, Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira, Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, A. Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien, Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato Jr., Gregory, Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy, Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra, Gentemann, Chelle, Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Groot, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid, Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégaret, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter, Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert, Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley, Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome, Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, Zöger, Martin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher, Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira, Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, A. Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien, Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato Jr., Gregory, Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy, Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra, Gentemann, Chelle, Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Groot, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid, Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégaret, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter, Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert, Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley, Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome, Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, and Zöger, Martin

Abstract

Abstract. The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.

Published
2023

14. Computation of the Attenuated Backscattering Coefficient by the Backscattering Lidar Signal Simulator (BLISS) in the Framework of the CALIOP/CALIPSO Observations

Author

Szczap, Frédéric, primary, Alkasem, Alain, additional, Shcherbakov, Valery, additional, Schmisser, Roseline, additional, Blanc, Jérome, additional, Mioche, Guillaume, additional, Gour, Yahya, additional, Cornet, Céline, additional, Banson, Sandra, additional, and Bray, Edouard, additional

Published
2023
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21. EUREC<sup>4</sup>A observations from the SAFIRE ATR42 aircraft

Author

Bony, Sandrine, primary, Lothon, Marie, additional, Delanoë, Julien, additional, Coutris, Pierre, additional, Etienne, Jean-Claude, additional, Aemisegger, Franziska, additional, Albright, Anna Lea, additional, André, Thierry, additional, Bellec, Hubert, additional, Baron, Alexandre, additional, Bourdinot, Jean-François, additional, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, additional, Bourdon, Aurélien, additional, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, additional, Caudoux, Christophe, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Cluzeau, Michel, additional, Cornet, Céline, additional, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, additional, Duchanoy, Dominique, additional, Flamant, Cyrille, additional, Fildier, Benjamin, additional, Gourbeyre, Christophe, additional, Guiraud, Laurent, additional, Jiang, Tetyana, additional, Lainard, Claude, additional, Le Gac, Christophe, additional, Lendroit, Christian, additional, Lernould, Julien, additional, Perrin, Thierry, additional, Pouvesle, Frédéric, additional, Richard, Pascal, additional, Rochetin, Nicolas, additional, Salaün, Kevin, additional, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, additional, Seurat, Guillaume, additional, Stevens, Bjorn, additional, Totems, Julien, additional, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, additional, Vergez, Gilles, additional, Vial, Jessica, additional, Villiger, Leonie, additional, and Vogel, Raphaela, additional

Published
2022
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24. Path-tracing Monte Carlo Libraries for 3D Radiative Transfer in Cloudy Atmospheres

Author

Villefranque, Najda, Fournier, Richard, Couvreux, Fleur, Blanco, Stéphane, Cornet, Céline, Eymet, Vincent, Forest, Vincent, Tregan, Jean-Marc, and Pagès, Nathalie

Subjects
Path-tracing library for flexible implementation of Monte Carlo algorithms in cloudy atmospheres, Null-collision algorithms and hierarchical grids to accelerate ray casting in large volumetric data, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Insensitivity of radiative transfer computational cost to surface and volume com- plexity
Abstract

Interactions between clouds and radiation are at the root of many difficulties in numeri-cally predicting future weather and climate and in retrieving the state of the atmospherefrom remote sensing observations. The large range of issues related to these interactions,and in particular to three-dimensional interactions, motivated the development of accurateradiative tools able to compute all types of radiative metrics, from monochromatic, localand directional observables, to integrated energetic quantities. In the continuity of thiscommunity effort, we propose here an open-source library for general use in Monte Carloalgorithms. This library is devoted to the acceleration of path-tracing in complex data,typically high-resolution large-domain grounds and clouds. The main algorithmic advancesembedded in the library are those related to the construction and traversal of hierarchicalgrids accelerating the tracing of paths through heterogeneous fields in null-collision (maxi-mum cross-section) algorithms. We show that with these hierarchical grids, the computingtime is only weakly sensitivive to the refinement of the volumetric data. The library is testedwith a rendering algorithm that produces synthetic images of cloud radiances. Two otherexamples are given as illustrations, that are respectively used to analyse the transmissionof solar radiation under a cloud together with its sensitivity to an optical parameter, andto assess a parametrization of 3D radiative effects of clouds.

Published
2022

26. Benchmark results in vector atmospheric radiative transfer

Author

Kokhanovsky, Alexander A., Budak, Vladimir P., Cornet, Celine, Duan, Minzheng, Emde, Claudia, Katsev, Iosif L., Klyukov, Dmitriy A., Korkin, Sergey V., C-Labonnote, L., Mayer, Bernhard, Min, Qilong, Nakajima, Teruyuki, Ota, Yoshifumi, Prikhach, Alexander S., Rozanov, Vladimir V., Yokota, Tatsuya, and Zege, Eleonora P.

Published
2010
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28. Establishment of an analytical model for remote sensing of typical stratocumulus cloud profiles under various precipitation and entrainment conditions.

Author

Shang, Huazhe, Hioki, Souichiro, Penide, Guillaume, Cornet, Céline, Letu, Husi, and Riedi, Jérôme

Subjects
STRATOCUMULUS clouds, REMOTE sensing, METEOROLOGICAL satellites, ORTHOGONAL functions, ATMOSPHERIC models, PARAMETERIZATION
Abstract

Structural patterns of cloud effective radius (ER) and liquid water content (LWC) profiles are essential variables of cloud lifecycle and precipitation processes, while observing cloud profiles from passive remote-sensing sensors remains highly challenging. Understanding whether there are typical structural patterns of ER and LWC profiles in liquid clouds and how they are linked to cloud entrainment or precipitating status is critical in developing algorithms to derive cloud profiles from passive satellite sensors. This study aims to address these questions and provide a preliminary foundation for the development of liquid cloud profile retrievals for the Multi-viewing, Multi-channel and Multi-polarization Imaging (3MI) sensor aboard the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Polar System-Second Generation (EPS-SG) satellite, which is scheduled to be launched in 2025. Firstly, we simulate a large ensemble of stratocumulus cloud profiles using the Colorado State University (CSU) Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is adopted to describe the shape of simulated profiles with a limited number of elemental profile variations. Our results indicate that the first three EOFs of LWC and ER profiles can explain >90 % of LWC and ER profiles. The profiles are divided into four prominent patterns and all of these patterns can be simplified as triangle-shaped polylines. The frequency of these four patterns is found to relate to intensities of the cloud-top entrainment and precipitation. Based on these analyses, we propose a simplified triangle-shaped cloud profile parameterization scheme allowing us to represent these main patterns of LWC and ER. This simple yet physically realistic analytical model of cloud profiles is expected to facilitate the representation of cloud properties in advanced retrieval algorithms such as those developed for the 3MI/EPS-SG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. EUREC<sup>4</sup>A

Author

Stevens, Bjorn, primary, Bony, Sandrine, additional, Farrell, David, additional, Ament, Felix, additional, Blyth, Alan, additional, Fairall, Christopher, additional, Karstensen, Johannes, additional, Quinn, Patricia K., additional, Speich, Sabrina, additional, Acquistapace, Claudia, additional, Aemisegger, Franziska, additional, Albright, Anna Lea, additional, Bellenger, Hugo, additional, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, additional, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, additional, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, additional, de Boer, Gijs, additional, Delanoë, Julien, additional, Denby, Leif, additional, Ewald, Florian, additional, Fildier, Benjamin, additional, Forde, Marvin, additional, George, Geet, additional, Gross, Silke, additional, Hagen, Martin, additional, Hausold, Andrea, additional, Heywood, Karen J., additional, Hirsch, Lutz, additional, Jacob, Marek, additional, Jansen, Friedhelm, additional, Kinne, Stefan, additional, Klocke, Daniel, additional, Kölling, Tobias, additional, Konow, Heike, additional, Lothon, Marie, additional, Mohr, Wiebke, additional, Naumann, Ann Kristin, additional, Nuijens, Louise, additional, Olivier, Léa, additional, Pincus, Robert, additional, Pöhlker, Mira, additional, Reverdin, Gilles, additional, Roberts, Gregory, additional, Schnitt, Sabrina, additional, Schulz, Hauke, additional, Siebesma, A. Pier, additional, Stephan, Claudia Christine, additional, Sullivan, Peter, additional, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, additional, Vial, Jessica, additional, Vogel, Raphaela, additional, Zuidema, Paquita, additional, Alexander, Nicola, additional, Alves, Lyndon, additional, Arixi, Sophian, additional, Asmath, Hamish, additional, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, additional, Baier, Katharina, additional, Bailey, Adriana, additional, Baranowski, Dariusz, additional, Baron, Alexandre, additional, Barrau, Sébastien, additional, Barrett, Paul A., additional, Batier, Frédéric, additional, Behrendt, Andreas, additional, Bendinger, Arne, additional, Beucher, Florent, additional, Bigorre, Sebastien, additional, Blades, Edmund, additional, Blossey, Peter, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Böing, Steven, additional, Bosser, Pierre, additional, Bourras, Denis, additional, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, additional, Bower, Keith, additional, Branellec, Pierre, additional, Branger, Hubert, additional, Brennek, Michal, additional, Brewer, Alan, additional, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, additional, Brügmann, Björn, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Burke, Elmo, additional, Burton, Ralph, additional, Calmer, Radiance, additional, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, additional, Carton, Xavier, additional, Cato Jr., Gregory, additional, Charles, Jude Andre, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Chen, Yanxu, additional, Chilinski, Michal T., additional, Choularton, Thomas, additional, Chuang, Patrick, additional, Clarke, Shamal, additional, Coe, Hugh, additional, Cornet, Céline, additional, Coutris, Pierre, additional, Couvreux, Fleur, additional, Crewell, Susanne, additional, Cronin, Timothy, additional, Cui, Zhiqiang, additional, Cuypers, Yannis, additional, Daley, Alton, additional, Damerell, Gillian M., additional, Dauhut, Thibaut, additional, Deneke, Hartwig, additional, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, additional, Dörner, Steffen, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Douet, Vincent, additional, Drushka, Kyla, additional, Dütsch, Marina, additional, Ehrlich, André, additional, Emanuel, Kerry, additional, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, additional, Etienne, Jean-Claude, additional, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, additional, Faure, Ghislain, additional, Feingold, Graham, additional, Ferrero, Luca, additional, Fix, Andreas, additional, Flamant, Cyrille, additional, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, additional, Foltz, Gregory R., additional, Forster, Linda, additional, Furtuna, Iulian, additional, Gadian, Alan, additional, Galewsky, Joseph, additional, Gallagher, Martin, additional, Gallimore, Peter, additional, Gaston, Cassandra, additional, Gentemann, Chelle, additional, Geyskens, Nicolas, additional, Giez, Andreas, additional, Gollop, John, additional, Gouirand, Isabelle, additional, Gourbeyre, Christophe, additional, de Graaf, Dörte, additional, de Groot, Geiske E., additional, Grosz, Robert, additional, Güttler, Johannes, additional, Gutleben, Manuel, additional, Hall, Kashawn, additional, Harris, George, additional, Helfer, Kevin C., additional, Henze, Dean, additional, Herbert, Calvert, additional, Holanda, Bruna, additional, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, additional, Intrieri, Janet, additional, Iyer, Suneil, additional, Julien, Fabrice, additional, Kalesse, Heike, additional, Kazil, Jan, additional, Kellman, Alexander, additional, Kidane, Abiel T., additional, Kirchner, Ulrike, additional, Klingebiel, Marcus, additional, Körner, Mareike, additional, Kremper, Leslie Ann, additional, Kretzschmar, Jan, additional, Krüger, Ovid, additional, Kumala, Wojciech, additional, Kurz, Armin, additional, L'Hégaret, Pierre, additional, Labaste, Matthieu, additional, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, additional, Laing, Arlene, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lang, Theresa, additional, Lange, Diego, additional, Lange, Ingo, additional, Laplace, Clément, additional, Lavik, Gauke, additional, Laxenaire, Rémi, additional, Le Bihan, Caroline, additional, Leandro, Mason, additional, Lefevre, Nathalie, additional, Lena, Marius, additional, Lenschow, Donald, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Lloyd, Gary, additional, Los, Sebastian, additional, Losi, Niccolò, additional, Lovell, Oscar, additional, Luneau, Christopher, additional, Makuch, Przemyslaw, additional, Malinowski, Szymon, additional, Manta, Gaston, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Marsden, Nicholas, additional, Masson, Sebastien, additional, Maury, Nicolas, additional, Mayer, Bernhard, additional, Mayers-Als, Margarette, additional, Mazel, Christophe, additional, McGeary, Wayne, additional, McWilliams, James C., additional, Mech, Mario, additional, Mehlmann, Melina, additional, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, additional, Mieslinger, Theresa, additional, Minikin, Andreas, additional, Minnett, Peter, additional, Möller, Gregor, additional, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, additional, Muller, Caroline, additional, Musat, Ionela, additional, Napoli, Anna, additional, Neuberger, Almuth, additional, Noisel, Christophe, additional, Noone, David, additional, Nordsiek, Freja, additional, Nowak, Jakub L., additional, Oswald, Lothar, additional, Parker, Douglas J., additional, Peck, Carolyn, additional, Person, Renaud, additional, Philippi, Miriam, additional, Plueddemann, Albert, additional, Pöhlker, Christopher, additional, Pörtge, Veronika, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, Pologne, Lawrence, additional, Posyniak, Michał, additional, Prange, Marc, additional, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, additional, Radtke, Jule, additional, Ramage, Karim, additional, Reimann, Jens, additional, Renault, Lionel, additional, Reus, Klaus, additional, Reyes, Ashford, additional, Ribbe, Joachim, additional, Ringel, Maximilian, additional, Ritschel, Markus, additional, Rocha, Cesar B., additional, Rochetin, Nicolas, additional, Röttenbacher, Johannes, additional, Rollo, Callum, additional, Royer, Haley, additional, Sadoulet, Pauline, additional, Saffin, Leo, additional, Sandiford, Sanola, additional, Sandu, Irina, additional, Schäfer, Michael, additional, Schemann, Vera, additional, Schirmacher, Imke, additional, Schlenczek, Oliver, additional, Schmidt, Jerome, additional, Schröder, Marcel, additional, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, additional, Sealy, Andrea, additional, Senff, Christoph J., additional, Serikov, Ilya, additional, Shohan, Samkeyat, additional, Siddle, Elizabeth, additional, Smirnov, Alexander, additional, Späth, Florian, additional, Spooner, Branden, additional, Stolla, M. Katharina, additional, Szkółka, Wojciech, additional, de Szoeke, Simon P., additional, Tarot, Stéphane, additional, Tetoni, Eleni, additional, Thompson, Elizabeth, additional, Thomson, Jim, additional, Tomassini, Lorenzo, additional, Totems, Julien, additional, Ubele, Alma Anna, additional, Villiger, Leonie, additional, von Arx, Jan, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Walther, Andi, additional, Webber, Ben, additional, Wendisch, Manfred, additional, Whitehall, Shanice, additional, Wiltshire, Anton, additional, Wing, Allison A., additional, Wirth, Martin, additional, Wiskandt, Jonathan, additional, Wolf, Kevin, additional, Worbes, Ludwig, additional, Wright, Ethan, additional, Wulfmeyer, Volker, additional, Young, Shanea, additional, Zhang, Chidong, additional, Zhang, Dongxiao, additional, Ziemen, Florian, additional, Zinner, Tobias, additional, and Zöger, Martin, additional

Published
2021
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32. Establishment of an analytical model for remote sensing of typical stratocumulus cloud profiles under various precipitation and entrainment conditions.

Author

Huazhe Shang, Souichiro Hioki, Penide, Guillaume, Cornet, Céline, Letu, Husi, and Riedi, Jérôme

Abstract

Structural patterns of cloud effective radius (ER) and liquid water content (LWC) profiles are essential variables of cloud lifecycle and precipitation processes, while observing cloud profiles from passive remote sensing sensors remains highly challenging. Understanding whether there exist typical structural patterns of ER and LWC profiles in liquid clouds and how they link with cloud entrainment or precipitating status is critical in developing algorithms to derive cloud profiles from passive satellite sensors. This study aims to address these questions and provide a preliminary foundation for the development of liquid cloud profile retrievals for the Multi-viewing, Multi-channel and Multi-polarization Imaging (3MI) sensor aboard the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Polar System-Second Generation (EPS-SG) satellite, which is scheduled to be launched in 2025. Firstly, we simulate a large ensemble of stratocumulus cloud profiles using the Colorado State University (CSU) Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is adopted to describe the shape of simulated profiles with a limited number of elemental profile variations. Our results indicate that the first three EOFs of LWC and ER profiles can explain >90% of LWC and ER profiles. The profiles are classified into four prominent patterns and all of these patterns can be simplified as triangle-shaped polylines. The frequency of these four patterns is found to relate to intensities of the cloud-top entrainment and precipitation. Based on these analyses, we propose a simplified triangle-shape cloud profile parameterization scheme allowing to represent these main patterns of LWC and ER. This simple yet physically realistic analytical model of cloud profiles is expected to facilitate the representation of cloud properties in advanced retrieval algorithms such as those developed for the 3MI/EPS-SG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. EUREC4A

Author

Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher W., Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira L., Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter P., Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien P., Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato, Gregory, Jr., Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy W., Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry A., Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra J., Gentemann, Chelle L., Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Graaf, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid O., Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégareta, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Thomas, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter J., Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert J., Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quinones Melendez, Estefania, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley M., Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome M., Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, Zöger, Martin, Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher W., Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira L., Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter P., Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien P., Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato, Gregory, Jr., Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy W., Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry A., Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra J., Gentemann, Chelle L., Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Graaf, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid O., Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégareta, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Thomas, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter J., Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert J., Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quinones Melendez, Estefania, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley M., Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome M., Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, and Zöger, Martin

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Stevens, B., Bony, S., Farrell, D., Ament, F., Blyth, A., Fairall, C., Karstensen, J., Quinn, P. K., Speich, S., Acquistapace, C., Aemisegger, F., Albright, A. L., Bellenger, H., Bodenschatz, E., Caesar, K.-A., Chewitt-Lucas, R., de Boer, G., Delanoë, J., Denby, L., Ewald, F., Fildier, B., Forde, M., George, G., Gross, S., Hagen, M., Hausold, A., Heywood, K. J., Hirsch, L., Jacob, M., Jansen, F., Kinne, S., Klocke, D., Kölling, T., Konow, H., Lothon, M., Mohr, W., Naumann, A. K., Nuijens, L., Olivier, L., Pincus, R., Pöhlker, M., Reverdin, G., Roberts, G., Schnitt, S., Schulz, H., Siebesma, A. P., Stephan, C. C., Sullivan, P., Touzé-Peiffer, L., Vial, J., Vogel, R., Zuidema, P., Alexander, N., Alves, L., Arixi, S., Asmath, H., Bagheri, G., Baier, K., Bailey, A., Baranowski, D., Baron, A., Barrau, S., Barrett, P. A., Batier, F., Behrendt, A., Bendinger, A., Beucher, F., Bigorre, S., Blades, E., Blossey, P., Bock, O., Böing, S., Bosser, P., Bourras, D., Bouruet-Aubertot, P., Bower, K., Branellec, P., Branger, H., Brennek, M., Brewer, A., Brilouet , P.-E., Brügmann, B., Buehler, S. A., Burke, E., Burton, R., Calmer, R., Canonici, J.-C., Carton, X., Cato Jr., G., Charles, J. A., Chazette, P., Chen, Y., Chilinski, M. T., Choularton, T., Chuang, P., Clarke, S., Coe, H., Cornet, C., Coutris, P., Couvreux, F., Crewell, S., Cronin, T., Cui, Z., Cuypers, Y., Daley, A., Damerell, G. M., Dauhut, T., Deneke, H., Desbios, J.-P., Dörner, S., Donner, S., Douet, V., Drushka, K., Dütsch, M., Ehrlich, A., Emanuel, K., Emmanouilidis, A., Etienne, J.-C., Etienne-Leblanc, S., Faure, G., Feingold, G., Ferrero, L., Fix, A., Flamant, C., Flatau, P. J., Foltz, G. R., Forster, L., Furtuna, I., Gadian, A., Galewsky, J., Gallagher, M., Gallimore, P., Gaston, C., Gentemann, C., Geyskens, N., Giez, A., Gollop, J., Gouirand, I., Gourbeyre, C., de G, The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement., This research has been supported by the people and government of Barbados; the Max Planck Society and its supporting members; the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant nos. GPF18-1_69 and GPF18-2_50); the European Research Council (ERC) advanced grant EUREC4A (grant agreement no. 694768) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (H2020), with additional support from CNES (the French National Centre for Space Studies) through the EECLAT proposal, Météo-France, the CONSTRAIN H2020 project (grant agreement no. 820829), and the French AERIS Research Infrastructure; the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/S015868/1, NE/S015752/1, and NE/S015779/1); ERC under the European Union’s H2020 program (COMPASS, advanced grant agreement no. 74110); the French national program LEFE INSU, by IFREMER, the French research fleet, CNES, the French research infrastructures AERIS and ODATIS, IPSL, the Chaire Chanel program of the Geosciences Department at ENS, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 817578 TRIATLAS; NOAA’s Climate Variability and Prediction Program within the Climate Program Office (grant nos. GC19-305 and GC19-301); NOAA cooperative agreement NA15OAR4320063; NOAA's Climate Program Office and base funds to NOAA/AOML's Physical Oceanography Division; Swiss National Science Foundation grant no. 188731; the UAS Program Office, Climate Program Office, and Physical Sciences Laboratory and by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) through grant AGS-1938108; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC 2037 “CLICCS – Climate, Climatic Change, and Society” – project no. 390683824; and Poland’s National Science Centre grant no. UMO-2018/30/M/ST10/00674 and Foundation for Polish Science grant no. POIR.04.04.00-00-3FD6/17-02.

Published
2021

37. EUREC4A

Author

Stevens, Bjorn, primary, Bony, Sandrine, additional, Farrell, David, additional, Ament, Felix, additional, Blyth, Alan M., additional, Fairall, Christopher W., additional, Karstensen, Johannes, additional, Quinn, Patricia K., additional, Speich, Sabrina, additional, Acquistapace, Claudia, additional, Aemisegger, Franziska, additional, Albright, Anna Lea, additional, Bellenger, Hugo, additional, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, additional, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, additional, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, additional, de Boer, Gijs, additional, Delanoë, Julien, additional, Denby, Leif Christopher, additional, Ewald, Florian, additional, Fildier, Benjamin, additional, Forde, Marvin, additional, George, Geet, additional, Gross, Silke, additional, Hagen, Martin, additional, Hausold, Andrea, additional, Heywood, Karen J., additional, Hirsch, Lutz, additional, Jacob, Marek, additional, Jansen, Friedhelm, additional, Kinne, Stefan, additional, Klocke, Daniel, additional, Kölling, Tobias, additional, Konow, Heike, additional, Lothon, Marie, additional, Mohr, Wiebke, additional, Naumann, Ann Kristin, additional, Nuijens, Louise, additional, Olivier, Léa, additional, Pincus, Robert, additional, Pöhlker, Mira L., additional, Reverdin, Gilles, additional, Roberts, Gregory, additional, Schnitt, Sabrina, additional, Schulz, Hauke, additional, Siebesma, Pier, additional, Stephan, Claudia Christine, additional, Sullivan, Peter P, additional, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, additional, Vial, Jessica, additional, Vogel, Raphaela, additional, Zuidema, Paquita, additional, Alexander, Nicola, additional, Alves, Lyndon, additional, Arixi, Sophian, additional, Asmath, Hamish, additional, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, additional, Baier, Katharina, additional, Bailey, Adriana, additional, Baranowski, Dariusz B., additional, Baron, Alexandre, additional, Barrau, Sébastien, additional, Barrett, Paul Alan, additional, Batier, Frédéric, additional, Behrendt, Andreas, additional, Bendinger, Arne, additional, Beucher, Florent, additional, Bigorre, Sebastien, additional, Blades, Edmund, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Boeing, Steven J, additional, Bosser, Pierre, additional, Bourras, Denis, additional, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, additional, Bower, Keith, additional, Branellec, Pierre, additional, Branger, Hubert, additional, Brennek, Michal, additional, Brewer, Alan, additional, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, additional, Brügmann, Björn, additional, Buehler, Stefan Alexander, additional, Burke, Elmo, additional, Burton, Ralph, additional, Calmer, Radiance, additional, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, additional, Carton, Xavier J., additional, Cato, Gregory, additional, Charles, Jude Andre, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Chen, Yanxu, additional, Chiliński, Michał T, additional, Choularton, Tom, additional, Chuang, Patrick Y., additional, Clarke, Shamal, additional, Coe, Hugh, additional, Cornet, Céline, additional, Coutris, Pierre, additional, Couvreux, Fleur, additional, Crewell, Susanne, additional, Cronin, Timothy Wallace, additional, Cui, Zhiqiang, additional, Cuypers, Yannis, additional, Daley, Alton, additional, Damerell, Gillian Mary, additional, Dauhut, Thibaut, additional, Deneke, Hartwig M, additional, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, additional, Dörner, Steffen, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Douet, Vincent, additional, Drushka, Kyla, additional, Dütsch, Marina, additional, Ehrlich, André, additional, Emanual, Kerry, additional, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, additional, Etienne, Jean-Claude, additional, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, additional, Faure, Ghislain, additional, Feingold, Graham, additional, Ferrero, Luca, additional, Fix, Andreas, additional, Flamant, Cyrille, additional, Flatau, Piotr J., additional, Foltz, Gregory R., additional, Forster, Linda, additional, Furtuna, Iulian, additional, Gadian, Alan, additional, Galewsky, Joseph, additional, Gallagher, Martin, additional, Gallimore, Peter, additional, Gaston, Cassandra J., additional, Gentemann, Chelle, additional, Geyskens, Nicolas, additional, Giez, Andreas, additional, Gollop, John, additional, Gouirand, Isabelle, additional, Gourbeyre, Christophe, additional, de Graaf, Dörte, additional, de Groot, Geiske E., additional, Grosz, Robert, additional, Güttler, Johannes, additional, Gutleben, Manuel, additional, Hall, Kashawn, additional, Harris, George, additional, Helfer, Kevin Christopher, additional, Henze, Dean, additional, Herbert, Calvert, additional, Holanda, Bruna, additional, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, additional, Intrieri, Janet M., additional, Iyer, Suneil, additional, Julien, Fabrice, additional, Kalesse, Heike, additional, Kazil, Jan, additional, Kellman, Alexander, additional, Kidane, Abiel T., additional, Kirchner, Ulrike, additional, Klingebiel, Marcus, additional, Körner, Mareike, additional, Kremper, Leslie Ann, additional, Kretzschmar, Jan, additional, Krüger, Ovid, additional, Kumala, Wojciech, additional, Kurz, Armin, additional, L'Hégaret, Pierre, additional, Labaste, Matthieu, additional, Lachlan-Cope, Tom A., additional, Laing, Arlene, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lang, Theresa, additional, Lange Vega, Diego, additional, Lange, Ingo, additional, Laplace, Clément, additional, Lavik, Gaute, additional, LAXENAIRE, Rémi, additional, Le Bihan, Caroline, additional, Leandro, Mason, additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lena, Marius, additional, Leschow, Donald, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Lloyd, Gary, additional, Los, Sebastian, additional, Losi, Niccolò, additional, Lovell, Oscar, additional, Luneau, Christopher, additional, Makuch, Przemysław, additional, Malinowski, Szymon P, additional, Manta, Gaston, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Marsden, Nicholas, additional, Masson, Sebastien, additional, Maury, Nicolas, additional, Mayer, Bernhard, additional, Mayers-Als, Margarette, additional, Mazel, Christophe, additional, McGeary, Wayne, additional, McWilliams, James C., additional, Mech, Mario, additional, Mehlmann, Melina, additional, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, additional, Mieslinger, Theresa, additional, Minikin, Andreas, additional, Minnett, Peter, additional, Möller, Gregor, additional, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, additional, Muller, Caroline, additional, Musat, Ionela, additional, Napoli, Anna, additional, Neuberger, Almuth, additional, Noisel, Christophe, additional, Noone, David C, additional, Nordsiek, Freja, additional, Nowak, Jakub L, additional, Oswald, Lothar, additional, Parker, Douglas J., additional, Peck, Carolyn, additional, Person, Renaud, additional, Philippi, Miriam, additional, Plueddemann, Albert J., additional, Pöhlker, Christopher, additional, Pörtge, Veronika, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, Pologne, Lawrence, additional, Posyniak, Michal, additional, Prange, Marc, additional, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, additional, Radtke, Jule, additional, Ramage, Karim, additional, Reimann, Jens, additional, Renault, Lionel, additional, Reus, Klaus, additional, Reyes, Ashford, additional, Ribbe, Joachim, additional, Ringel, Maximilian, additional, Ritschel, Markus, additional, Rocha, Cesar Barbedo, additional, Rochetin, Nicolas, additional, Röttenbacher, Johannes, additional, Rollo, Callum, additional, Royer, Haley, additional, Sadoulet, Pauline, additional, Saffin, Leo, additional, Sandiford, Sanola, additional, Sandu, Irina, additional, Schäfer, Michael, additional, Schemann, Vera, additional, Schirmacher, Imke, additional, Schlenczek, Oliver, additional, Schmidt, Jerome, additional, Schröder, Marcel, additional, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, additional, Sealy, Andrea, additional, Senff, Christoph J, additional, Serikov, Ilya, additional, Shohan, Samkeyat, additional, Siddle, Elizabeth, additional, Smirnov, Alexander, additional, Späth, Florian, additional, Spooner, Branden, additional, Stolla, M. Katharina, additional, Szkółka, Wojciech, additional, de Szoeke, Simon P., additional, Tarot, Stéphane, additional, Tetoni, Eleni, additional, Thompson, Elizabeth J, additional, Thomson, Jim, additional, Tomassini, Lorenzo, additional, Totems, Julien, additional, Ubele, Alma Anna, additional, Villiger, Leonie, additional, von Arx, Jan, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Walther, Andi, additional, Webber, Benjamin G. M., additional, Wendisch, Manfred, additional, Whitehall, Shanice, additional, Wiltshire, Anton, additional, Wing, Allison A., additional, Wirth, Martin, additional, Wiskandt, Jonathan, additional, Wolf, Kevin, additional, Worbes, Ludwig, additional, Wright, Ethan, additional, Wulfmeyer, Volker, additional, Young, Shanea, additional, Zhang, Chidong, additional, Zhang, Dongxiao, additional, Ziemen, Florian, additional, Zinner, Tobias, additional, and Zöger, Martin, additional

Published
2020
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39. 3D cloud envelope and cloud development velocity from simulated CLOUD/C3IEL stereo images.

Author

Dandini, Paolo, Cornet, Céline, Binet, Renaud, Fenouil, Laetitia, Holodovsky, Vadim, Schechner, Yoav Y., Ricard, Didier, and Rosenfeld, Daniel

Subjects
*STEREO image, *VELOCITY, *CONVECTIVE clouds, *REMOTE-sensing images, *ATMOSPHERIC models, *ATMOSPHERIC ammonia
Abstract

A method to derive the 3D cloud envelope and the cloud development velocity from high spatial and temporal resolution satellite imagery is presented. The CLOUD instrument of the recently proposed C3IEL mission lends itself well to observing at high spatial and temporal resolutions the development of convective cells. Space-borne visible cameras simultaneously image, under multiple view angles, the same surface domain, every 20 s over a time interval of 200 s. In this paper, we present a method for retrieving cloud development velocity from simulated multi-angular-high-resolution TOA radiance cloud fields. The latter are obtained via the radiative transfer model 3DMCPOL, for a deep convective cloud case generated via the atmospheric research model Meso-NH, and via the image renderer Mitsuba for a cumulus case generated via the atmospheric research model SAM. Matching cloud features are found between simulations via block matching. Image coordinates of tie points are mapped to spatial coordinates via 3D stereo reconstruction of the external cloud envelope for each acquisition. The accuracy of the retrieval of cloud topography is quantified in terms of RMSE and bias that are respectively, less than 25 m and 15 m for the horizontal components and less than 40 m and 25 m for the vertical component. The inter-acquisition 3D velocity is then derived for each pair of tie points separated by 20 s. An independent method based on optimizing the superposition of the cloud top, issued from the atmospheric research model, allows to obtain a ground estimate for the velocity from two consecutive acquisitions. The distribution of retrieved velocity and ground estimate exhibits small biases but significant discrepancy in terms of distribution width. Furthermore, the average velocities derived from the mean altitude from ground for a cluster of localized cloud features identified over several acquisitions, both in the simulated images and in the physical point cloud, are in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. Cloud optical properties retrieval and associated uncertainties using multi-angular and multi-spectral measurements of the airborne radiometer OSIRIS.

Author

Matar, Christian, Cornet, Céline, Parol, Frédéric, C.-Labonnote, Laurent, Auriol, Frédérique, and Nicolas, Jean-Marc

Subjects
*OPTICAL properties, *MICROWAVE radiometers, *RADIOMETERS, *RADIANCE, *MEASUREMENT errors, *SOLAR spectra, *AIRBORNE-based remote sensing, *REMOTE sensing, *RADIATIVE transfer
Abstract

In remote sensing applications, clouds are generally characterized by two properties: cloud optical thickness (COT) and effective radius of water/ice particles (Reff). Most of the current operational passive remote sensing algorithms use a mono-angular bi-spectral method to retrieve COT and Reff. They are based on pre-computed lookup tables while assuming a homogeneous plane-parallel cloud layer and without considering measurement errors and the choice of ancillary data. We use the formalism of the optimal estimation method applied to near-infrared multi-angular measurements, to retrieve COT and Reff, and the corresponding uncertainties related to the measurement errors, the ancillary data, and the cloud model assumption. The used measurements were acquired by the airborne radiometer OSIRIS (Observing System Including PolaRization in the Solar Infrared Spectrum), developed by the Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique. It provides multi-angular measurements at tens of meters resolution, very suitable for refining our knowledge of cloud properties and their high spatial variability. OSIRIS is based on the POLDER concept as a prototype of the future 3MI space instrument planned to be launched on the EUMETSAT-ESA MetOp-SG platform in 2023. The used approach allows the exploitation of all the angular information available for each pixel to overcome the radiance angular effects. More consistent cloud properties with lower uncertainty compared to operational mono-directional retrieval methods (MODIS-like methods) are then obtained. The framework of the optimal estimation method provides also the possibility to estimate uncertainties of different sources. Three types of errors were evaluated: (1) Errors related to measurement uncertainties, which reach 10 % for high values of COT and Reff, (2) errors related to an incorrect estimation of the ancillary data that remain below 0.5 %, (3) errors related to the simplified cloud physical model assuming homogeneous plane-parallel cloud and the independent pixel approximation. We show that not considering the in-cloud heterogeneous vertical profiles and the 3D radiative transfer effects lead to uncertainties on COT and Reff exceeding 10 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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42. EUREC4A observations from the SAFIRE ATR42 aircraft.

Author

Bony, Sandrine, Lothon, Marie, Delanoë, Julien, Coutris, Pierre, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, André, Thierry, Bellec, Hubert, Baron, Alexandre, Bourdinot, Jean-François, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Bourdon, Aurélien, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Caudoux, Christophe, Chazette, Patrick, Cluzeau, Michel, Cornet, Céline, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, and Duchanoy, Dominique

Subjects
MICROWAVE radiometers, DOPPLER radar, DOPPLER lidar, HYGROMETRY, RADIOMETERS, RESEARCH aircraft, HUMIDITY, FREE surfaces
Abstract

As part of the EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of cloud-circulation coupling in climate) field campaign, which took place in January and February 2020 over the western tropical Atlantic near Barbados, the French SAFIRE ATR42 research aircraft conducted 19 flights in the lower troposphere. Each flight followed a common flight pattern that sampled the atmosphere around the cloud-base level, at different heights of the subcloud layer, near the sea surface and in the lower free troposphere. The aircraft's payload included a backscatter lidar and a Doppler cloud radar that were both horizontally oriented, a Doppler cloud radar looking upward, microphysical probes, a cavity ring-down spectrometer for water isotopes, a multiwavelength radiometer, a visible camera and multiple meteorological sensors, including fast rate sensors for turbulence measurements. With this instrumentation, the ATR characterized the macrophysical and microphysical properties of trade-wind clouds together with their thermodynamical, turbulent and radiative environment. This paper presents the airborne operations, the flight segmentation, the instrumentation, the data processing and the EUREC4A datasets produced from the ATR measurements. It shows that the ATR measurements of humidity, wind and cloud-base cloud fraction measured with different techniques and samplings are internally consistent, that meteorological measurements are consistent with estimates from dropsondes launched from an overflying aircraft (HALO), and that water isotopic measurements are well correlated with data from the Barbados Cloud Observatory. This consistency demonstrates the robustness of the ATR measurements of humidity, wind, cloud-base cloud fraction and water isotopic composition during EUREC4A. It also confirms that through their repeated flight patterns, the ATR and HALO measurements provided a statistically consistent sampling of trade-wind clouds and of their environment. The ATR datasets are freely available at the locations specified in Table 11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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43. Empirical model of multiple scattering effect on single-wavelength lidar data of aerosols and clouds.

Author

Shcherbakov, Valery, Szczap, Frédéric, Alkasem, Alaa, Mioche, Guillaume, and Cornet, Céline

Subjects
LIDAR, AEROSOLS, CIRRUS clouds, SPATIAL resolution, MICROBIOLOGICAL aerosols, ATMOSPHERIC layers
Abstract

We performed extensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of single-wavelength lidar signals from a plane-parallel homogeneous layer of atmospheric particles and developed an empirical model to account for the multiple scattering in the lidar signals. The simulations have taken into consideration four types of lidar configurations (the ground based, the airborne, the CALIOP, and the ATLID) and four types of particles (coarse aerosol, water cloud, jet-stream cirrus and cirrus). Most of simulations were performed with the spatial resolution of 20 m and the particles extinction coefficient ???? between 0.06 km-1 and 1.0 km-1. The resolution was of 5 m for high values of ???? (up to 10.0 km-1). The majority of simulations for ground-based and airborne lidars were performed at two values of the receiver field-of-view (RFOV): 0.25 mrad and 1.0 mrad. The effect of the width of the RFOV was studied for the values up to 50 mrad. The proposed empirical model is a function that has only three free parameters and approximates the multiple-scattering relative contribution to lidar signals. It is demonstrated that the empirical model has very good quality of MC data fitting for all considered cases. Special attention was given to the usual operational conditions, i.e., low distances to a particles layer, small optical depths and quite narrow receiver field-of-views. It is demonstrated that multiple scattering effects cannot be neglected when the distance to a particles layer is about 8 km or higher and the full RFOV is of 1.0 mrad. As for the full RFOV of 0.25 mrad, the single scattering approximation is acceptable for aerosols (???? = 1.0 km-1), water clouds (???? = 0.5 km-1), and cirrus clouds (???? = 0.1 km-1). When the distance to a particles layer is of 1 km, the single scattering approximation is acceptable for aerosols and water clouds (???? = 1.0 km-1, both RFOV = 0.25 and RFOV = 1 mrad). As for cirrus clouds, the effect of multiple scattering cannot be neglected even at such low distance when ???? = 0.5 km-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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47. McRALI: a Monte Carlo high spectral resolution lidar and Doppler radar simulator for three-dimensional cloudy atmosphere remote sensing.

Author

Szczap, Frédéric, Alkasem, Alaa, Mioche, Guillaume, Shcherbakov, Valery, Cornet, Céline, Delanoë, Julien, Gour, Yahya, Jourdan, Olivier, Banson, Sandra, and Bray, Edouard

Subjects
MONTE Carlo method, REMOTE sensing of the atmosphere, DOPPLER lidar, LASER based sensors, DOPPLER radar
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present the Monte-Carlo code McRALI that provides simulations, under multiple scattering regimes of polarized high spectral resolution (HRS) lidar as well as Doppler radar observations for three-dimensional (3D) cloudy atmosphere. The effects of non-uniform beam filling (NUBF) on HSR lidar and Doppler radar signals related to the EarthCARE mission are investigated with the help of an academic 3D box-cloud, characterized by a single isolated jump in cloud optical depth, assuming vertically constant wind velocity. Regarding Doppler radar signals, it is confirmed that NUBF induces a severe bias in velocity estimates. The correlation of the NUBF bias of Doppler velocity with the horizontal gradient of reflectivity shows a correlation coefficient value around 0.15 m s-1(dBZ km-1)-1 close to that given in scientific literature. Regarding HSR lidar signals, we confirm that multiple scattering processes are not negligible. We show that NUBF effects on molecular, particulate and total attenuated backscatter are mainly due to unresolved variability of cloud inside the receiver field of view, and to a lesser extent, to the horizontal photon transport. This finding gives some insight into the reliability of lidar signal modelling using independent column approximation (ICA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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