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The species of two genera (Bicarinibracon Quicke & Walker and Chelonogastra Ashmead) of the subfamily Braconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from China are reviewed and 6 species are recognized, including 2 new species (Bicarinibracon concolor sp. nov. and Chelonogastra rugosa sp. nov.), which are described and illustrated. Bicarinibracon carini Chishti & Quicke, 1993 is reported from China for the first time. Keys to the Chinese species of the genera Bicarinibracon and Chelonogastra are provided.

Five new species of the genus Phaenocarpa Foester, 1863 (Braconidae: Alysiinae) are described and illustrated: P. acutidentata Sohn & van Achterberg, sp. nov., P. tacitoides Sohn & van Achterberg, sp. nov., P. setosa Sohn & van Achterberg, sp. nov., P. tanycauda Sohn & van Achterberg, sp. nov., and P. angusticeps Sohn & van Achterberg, sp. nov. Additionally, P. tacita Stelfox, 1941 is recorded for the first time from South Korea. The barcode region of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) was also analyzed for the seven congeneric species including one from GenBank. In addition, an identification key for the Phaenocarpa species recorded in Korea is provided.

Three new species of Rhogadopsis Brèthes, 1913 (R. clausulata sp. nov., R. obliqoides sp. nov. and R. setosipunctata sp. nov.) are described and illustrated. Rhogadopsis unicarinata (Fischer, 1959) is a new combination and a new synonym of R. mediocarinata (Fischer, 1963), syn. nov. An identification key to the species of Rhogadopsis known from South Korea is provided.

The genus Troporhogas Cameron, 1905 from the Indo-Malayan region is reviewed. Six new species, Troporhogas alboniger Quicke, Loncle & Butcher, sp. nov., T. benjamini Quicke, Loncle & Butcher, sp. nov., T. hugoolseni Quicke, Loncle & Butcher, sp. nov., T. rafaelnadali Quicke, Loncle & Butcher, sp. nov., and T. rogerfedereri Quicke, Loncle & Butcher, sp. nov. from Thailand, and T. anamikae Ranjith, sp. nov. from India are described and illustrated photographically, bringing the total number of species of the genus known from the Indo-Malayan Region to 19. Troporhogas is recorded for the first time from India. A key is included to differentiate Troporhogas species. A four-gene ML tree based on COI, Cytb, 16S and 28S is reconstructed, representing the six new species. Troporhogas contrastus Long, 2014, originally described from Vietnam, is recorded from Thailand for the first time. The holotypes of the type species, Troporhogas tricolor Cameron, 1905 and that of its junior synonym Iporhogas are illustrated, and photographs are presented of all the species known only from China and Sri Lanka. Sexual colour dimorphism of males of several species is described for the first time. Drawings summarising the different patterns of black marks on the metasoma that aid species recognition are presented.

Four genera are reported for the first time from Japan (Areotetes van Achterberg & Li, 2013, Indiopius Fischer, 1966, Neopius Gahan, 1917 and Sternaulopius Fischer, 1965), and keys are provided for the species of these genera. Two new species are described and illustrated: Areotetes convergens sp. nov. and Sternaulopius maculiferus sp. nov.

The subfamily Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is one of the most peculiar and diverse groups of endoparasitoids of Diptera. The present paper provides additional information on the subfamily Alysiinae in Iran. The specimens were collected using Malaise traps during May - September 2010. The genus Grammospila Foerster, 1863, and four species of Alysiini were discovered for the first time from Iran: Grammospila fuscula Griffiths, 1968, G. rufiventris Nees, 1812, Dacnusa maculipes Thomson, 1895 and D. plantaginis Griffiths, 1966. Including our findings, the number of species of the genera Dacnusa and Grammospila are raised to 22 and 2 species in Iran, respectively. Diagnostic characters and distribution of the newly recorded species and an updated list of Dacnusa and Grammospila are provided.

Two European species are recognised and characterised within the traditional Aleiodes seriatus species concept, based initially on DNA barcoding but with supporting, although slight and sometimes unreliable, morphological differences. Aleiodes pseudoseriatus sp. nov. is described and a neotype is designated for Rogas seriatus Herrich-Schäffer, 1838. Specimens from the Russian Far East were also DNA barcoded and were found to belong to a new species distinct from the two European taxa. The two European species were found to use different lithosiine hosts.

This paper contains descriptions and illustrations of five new species of the genus Aulacocentrum Brues, 1922, from Vietnam, viz. Aulacocentrum assitum Long & Pham, sp. nov.; A. glabrum Long, sp. nov.; A. imparum Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov.; A. intermedium Long & van Achterberg, sp. nov.; and A. simulatum Long, sp. nov. Additionally, Aulacocentrum seticella van Achterberg & He is newly recorded for Vietnam’s braconid fauna. A checklist and a key to the Oriental and East Palaearctic Aulacocentrum species is provided and the in-country distribution of the Vietnamese species is given.

Mesocrina chandleri Godfray & van Achterberg, sp. nov., is described in the small Holarctic genus Mesocrina Foerster, 1863, the second European species. The holotype was collected in England and further specimens are recorded from Finland, France and the Netherlands. A key is provided to the Palaearctic Mesocrina species. DNA sequence from the CO1 barcode locus was obtained and the new species is 10% divergent from M. indagatrix (the other European species) and 5% divergent from an undetermined North American species. We provide evidence that Mesocrina spp. parasitise cyclorrhaphan Diptera in fungi (and that previous host records from phytophagous insects are incorrect) and that the taxon is not part of the Dapsilarthra genus-group as often previously assumed.

Four new species, Xynobius azonius sp. nov., X. brevifemora sp. nov., X. duoferus sp. nov., and X. stipitoides sp. nov., are described and illustrated, and one species X. geniculatus (Thomson, 1895) is newly reported from South Korea. Xynobius geniculatus (Thomson, 1895) is redescribed and illustrated, and a new combination, Xynobius (Stigmatopoea) cubitalis (Fischer, 1959), comb. nov. is suggested. An identification key to the Xynobius species known from South Korea is provided.

Scaevola taccada (Goodeniaceae) is an important evergreen coastal plant on islands in the South China Sea, which shows excellent tolerance for salty and drought conditions. Nevertheless, the growth of S. taccada populations on these islands in the South China Sea has been threatened by a few serious insect pests. However, we know little about the biology of these pests. In this study, we surveyed and identified the parasitoids of two main pests (Herpetogramma submarginale (Swinhoe, 1901) and Ophiomyia scaevolana Shiao and Wu, 1996) of S. taccada communities on Yongxing Island in the South China Sea, with the aim to assess their potential in biological control. Dolichogenidea stantoni (Ashmead, 1904) is a gregarious endoparasitoid of the larva of H. submarginale and contributes an average 48.9% parasitism rate on H. submarginale. Opius biroi, Fischer, 1960 and Euderus albitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1838) are both solitary endoparasitoids of the larva of O. scaevolana, with a respective 5.8% and 64.4% parasitism rate on O. scaevolana. We summarize the species diagnosis, biology, and distribution of the three parasitoid species. The potential of these parasitoids used in biological control is also discussed.

The Indian species of the genera Orionis Shaw and Stenothremma Shaw (Braconidae, Euphorinae) are reviewed. Both genera are reported for the first time from India. Three new species, Orionis shillongensis Gupta, van Achterberg & Pattar sp. nov. from north-eastern India (Meghalaya), O. femorator Gupta, van Achterberg & Pattar sp. nov. from southern India (Karnataka and Tamil Nadu) and Stenothremma flavator Gupta & van Achterberg sp. nov. from southern India (Karnataka) are illustrated and described. A key to the Old World species of Orionis Shaw is provided.

The family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera) constitutes a unique group within the Apocrita, playing a pivotal role in the evolution of parasitoid wasps. Although the phylogeny of Stephanidae has been previously inferred, it remains at a low resolution when considering both extinct and extant genera, as well as the enigmatic extinct genus †Electrostephanus. Here, we undertake a revision of Stephanidae extinct, presenting descriptions of new specimens from late Cretaceous Burmese amber and early Eocene Baltic amber. Combining all extant and extinct genera, the phylogeny of Stephanidae was analyzed, incorporating 57 species within 21 genera based on 64 morphological characters. We apply both under maximum parsimony with equal weighting and implied weighting methods, with four species representing early Apocrita as outgroups. Divergence times are estimated by utilizing extinct taxa as calibration points. A new basal subfamily of stephanid wasp, †Lagenostephaninae subf. nov. was established, encompassing †Lagenostephanus and the newly described genera †Tumidistephanus gen. nov and †Neurastephanus gen. nov. The genus †Electrostephanus is redefined, with two species assigned under distinct genera, †Neurastephanus gen. nov. and †Aphanostephanus gen. nov.. We discuss some of the putative morphological synapomorphies of evolutionary significance within the phylogenetic framework. Our results complement several characteristics of great taxonomic importance for Stephanidae and provide new insights into the early evolution of the family.

Dacnusini is a species-rich tribe in the subfamily Alysiinae, with most species exclusively serving as parasitoids of leaf-mining Diptera (Agromyzidae). The number of genera discovered in China remains limited, which is apparently insufficient considering the global diversity of species and genera within this tribe, particularly given the vast and ecologically diverse landscapes of China. In the present study, three new record genera, Victorovita Tobias, Coloneura Foerster, and Laotris Nixon, were documented for the first time in China. In addition, the species delimitation approach and haplotype network analyses based on the COI sequences, combined with morphological evidence, were employed to delimit species. The findings indicated three new species: Laotris glabella sp. nov., Laotris aethidentata sp. nov., and Victorovita aequalis sp. nov. Additionally, K2P divergences showed no overlap between intra- and interspecific genetic distances in the Laotris and Victorovita species. Detailed descriptions for new species and keys to the species of Laotris and Victorovita are provided in this paper, along with the documentation of two new species records for China: Victorovita caudata (Szépligeti, 1901) and Coloneura stylata Foerster, 1863.

Scoliidae, also known as scarab hunters or flower wasps, are important in the biological control of scarabs and for pollination. Mitogenomic and phylogenetic studies are rare for this group. In this study, 10 mitochondrial genomes representing eight genera in two tribes of the family Scoliidae were determined. The general features and rearrangements of the mitochondrial genomes for 15 Scoliidae species representing all genera distributed in China were described and compared and the phylogenetic relationships among them were inferred using MrBayes and IQtree based on four data matrices. Most sequences of Scoliidae have one extra trnM gene. Species belonging to Campsomerini have lower A + T content than all Scoliini species except for Colpa tartara in this study. The AT-skew is positive in 7 out of 15 species. All 15 Scoliidae sequences have similar conserved gene arrangements with the same arrangements of PCGs and rRNA genes, except for Campsomeriella annulata. The tRNA genes have the highest frequency of rearrangement, and C. tartara is always rearranged as in its Scoliini counterparts. Our phylogenetic results support most of the relationships between genera and tribes of Scoliidae in former morphological studies. However, Colpa tartara is proved to be closer to Scoliini according to genome features, phylogenetic analyses and some morphological evidence, which challenges the former attribution of the Colpa group.

The tribe Campsomerini (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) from northern Vietnam was studied, resulting in the finding of three species and six subspecies belonging to five genera. Three genera (Megacampsomeris Betrem, 1928 (with M. shillongensis (Betrem, 1928)), Micromerialla Betrem, 1964 (with M. marginella marginella (KIug, 1810)) and Phalerimeris Betrem, 1967 (with P. phalerata phalerata (de Saussure, 1858))) and three species (Sericocampsomeris flavomaculata Gupta & Jonathan, 1989, Campsomeriella (Annulimeris) annulata (Fabricius, 1793) and C. (Campsomeriella) collaris (Fabricius, 1775)) are recorded for the first time from Vietnam. One new species, Sericocampsomeris vietnamica Pham & van Achterberg, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Identification keys to the genera, species and subspecies of the tribe Campsomerini from northern Vietnam and to the species of Sericocampsomeris Betrem, 1941 are presented. Lastly, we provide a checklist with 13 species and subspecies of Scoliidae from Vietnam.

The braconid genus Dyscritulus Hincks is a small member of the subfamily Aphidiinae, distributed in Europe and Central Asia. All its species are highly specialized parasitoids of aphids of the genera Drepanosiphum Koch and, probably, Periphyllus van der Hoeven which are mostly associated with maple and sycamore trees (genus Acer). Upon examination of specimens from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, we unexpectedly noted unusual variability in morphological characters compared to other known Dyscritulus species. Further inspection of other material previously identified as Dyscritulus planiceps Marshall, 1896 revealed additional specimens with the same morphological variability. Here we describe a new species of the genus, Dyscritulus europaeus sp. nov., associated with Drepanosiphum aphids on Acer.

An illustrated key to the European genera of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is presented and two new genera are described and illustrated: Cavopius gen. nov. (type species: Opius (Agnopius) daghoides Zaykov & Fischer, 1983) from West and East Palaearctic regions and Pseudosteres gen. nov. (type species: Biosteres adanaensis Fischer & Beyarslan, 2005) from West Palaearctic region. Two new species are described and illustrated: Cephaloplites gijswijti sp. nov. from Greece and Cavopius depressorius sp. nov. from S. Korea. Opius (Hypocynodus) kilisanus Fischer & Beyarslan, 2005 is a new synonym of Cephaloplites mocsaryi Szépligeti, 1897. The following new combinations are proposed: Cavopius daghestanicus (Telenga, 1950), comb. nov., C. daghoides (Zaykov & Fischer, 1983), comb. nov., Pseudosteres adanaensis (Fischer & Beyarslan, 2005), comb. nov., P. arenaceus (Jakimavičius, 1986), comb. nov., P. christenseni (Papp, 1982), comb. nov., P. pseudarenaceus (Fischer & Beyarslan, 2005), comb. nov., and P. riphaeus (Tobias, 1986), comb. nov. Keys to species are provided for Cavopius gen. nov., Cephaloplites Szépligeti, 1897, and Pseudosteres gen. nov.

Two new and very similar species of the genus Xynobius Foerster, 1863 are described and illustrated, X. subparallelus Han & van Achterberg, sp. nov. from Japan (Honshu) and X. setosiscutum van Achterberg, sp. nov. from Norway. Three species are newly reported from Norway: Xynobius aciculatus (Thomson, 1895), X. comatus (Wesmael, 1835), and X. polyzonius (Wesmael, 1835). X. polyzonius (Wesmael, 1835) and X. sapporanus (Fischer, 1963) are new combinations. Identification keys to the Xynobius species known from Norway and Japan are added.

In the genus Alysia Latreille, 1804 (Braconidae: Alysiinae), a new species, Alysia erecta sp. nov., and two new records, Alysia hebeiensis Zhu, van Achterberg & Chen, 2018 and A. sirin Belokobylskij, 1998, are described and illustrated. In addition, the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial subunit I (COI) of these species have been sequenced. An identification key for all Alysia species officially recorded from Korea is provided.

The European species of the potter wasp genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Vespidae, Eumeninae) are illustrated and a new illustrated key to the 13 recognised species is presented. Eumenes mediterraneus aemilianus Guiglia, 1951 is synonymised with E. papillarius (Christ, 1791) (syn. nov.), E. obscurus André, 1884 and E. andrei Dalla Torre, 1894 with E. pedunculatus (Panzer, 1799) (syn. nov.) and E. crimensis Blüthgen, 1938 with E. sareptanus André, 1884 (syn. nov.).

A new genus of the tribe Alysiini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae) is described with specimens from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, and six new species are described: Anamalysia idiastimorpha sp. nov. (type species), A. knekosoma sp. nov., A. mellipes sp. nov., A. transversator sp. nov., A. vandervechti sp. nov., and A. vanhengstumi sp. nov.. We transfer one species from Coelalysia to Anamalysia: A. urbana (Papp, 1967) comb. nov. from Singapore and one species from Alysiasta to Anamalysia: A. triangulum (Fischer, 2006) comb. nov. from Malaysia, Laos, Indonesia and Vietnam. A key to the genus of Anamalysia is included.

Data on the cocoons and possibly host of Rhysipolis taiwanicus Belokobylskij, 1988 (Braconidae, Rhysipolinae) are presented for the first time. Their peculiar cocoons found on the upper surface of a leaf of Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. are described and illustrated. The species is new for Hong Kong and the second record after its description from Taiwan.

Two new species of the genus Cratospila Foerster, 1863 (Braconidae: Alysiinae), Cratospila albosignata sp. nov. and C. longivena sp. nov., are described and illustrated. In addition, the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of both species has been sequenced with three previously described species (C. albifera, C. luteocephala and C. syntoma). Alysia ponerola Papp, 2009 which was recorded from North Korea is transfered in Cratospila (C. ponerola (Papp, 2009) comb. nov.). All species validly recorded from Korea are included in a revised key.

Separatatus megagnathus sp. nov. is recorded as new to science from South Korea. Due to this record, the genus Separatatus Chen & Wu, 1994 (Braconidae: Alysiinae) is recognized for the first time from South Korea. The genus and species are described and illustrated herein plus an identification key including the Korean new species is provided. In addition, the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) has been analyzed for the new species.

Two new species of Braconidae parasitoid wasps, Pambolus (Phaenodus) infuscatus Gupta & van Achterberg sp. nov. (Pambolinae) and Paroplitis khajjiarensis Gupta & Fernández-Triana sp. nov. (Microgastrinae) are described and illustrated from Himachal Pradesh, India. A key to the Oriental species of Pambolus and an update to the key to world species of Paroplitis are provided. Additionally, Centistes (Centistes) cuspidatus (Haliday) (Euphorinae) is reported for the first time from the Indian geographical boundaries.

Trigonalyidae are rarely collected hyperparasitoids that attack the larvae of Ichneumonoidea, and Tachinidae associated with phytophagous sawfly or Lepidopteran larvae, or primary endoparasitoids of Vespidae larvae. Trigonalyidae mainly occur in tropical and subtropical regions, but recent studies indicate that they are found to be fairly common in mountainous regions. In this study, DNA barcoding methods based on sequences of the COI gene were used to discriminate Trigonalyidae species from Yunnan Province, which is situated in a mountaineous area of southwest China. In total, 25 COI sequences belonging to 14 morphospecies of four genera were obtained. The intraspecific pairwise distances ranged from 0 to 3.3% and the interspecific pairwise distances ranged from 5.3% to 17.3%. The delimitations of all studied species are congruent with the morphological identification results in both ABGD and bPTP methods. Based on both morphological and molecular analyses, four species from Yunnan are described as new: Jezonogonalos eburnalva Zhang & Chen, sp. nov., Lycogaster umbonata Chen & van Achterberg, sp. nov., Taeniogonalos albidorsalis Zhang & Chen, sp. nov., and T. paradoxica Zhang & Chen, sp. nov.

We provide new findings on the distribution of 13 species of the family Gasteruptiidae (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea) collected at 17 sampling localities in Fars and Hormozgan Provinces, south of Iran. The specimens were collected using Malaise traps during 2013–2019. Two species, Gasteruption sericeipes Kieffer, 1911 and G. syriacum Szépligeti, 1903 are new additions to the Iranian wasp fauna. Furthermore, 10 species are new provincial records. With the present additions, the total number of gasteruptiids recorded from Hormozgan, Fars and Iran is currently raised to 2, 14 and 29 species, respectively. For each species, provincial distribution in Iran and overall distribution, as well as the flight period, are presented and discussed together with the available references.

The species of the genus Hylcalosia Fischer, 1967 (Braconidae: Alysiinae) from South Korea are revised. One species, Hylcalosia bicolor sp. nov., is new to science. They are described and illustrated herein and an identification key to the Korean species is added. In addition, the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) has been analysed for the new species and H. sutchanica is used for genetic comparison.

The species of the genus Phaenocarpa Foerster, 1863 (Braconidae: Alysiinae) from South Korea are revised, and the genus is recorded for the first time from South Korea. Three species, Phaenocarpa artotemporalis sp. nov., P. brachyura sp. nov. and P. lobata sp. nov., are new to Science, and two species, P. masha Belokobylskij, 1998 and P. fidelis Fischer, 1970, are newly recognized in South Korea. They are described and illustrated herein with a provision of the identification key to the Korean species. In addition, the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) has been analyzed for the six species including P. ruficeps for genetic comparison.

A review of the Afrotropical species of the genus Sculptolobus Yang, van Achterberg & Chen, 2008 is presented. One species, S. leleji sp. nov., and one subspecies, S. lembaensis harteni ssp. nov., are described. New combinations are proposed for S. bipustulatus (Szépligeti, 1913), comb. nov., S. lembaensis (Cameron, 1912), comb. nov., S. somnialis (Szépligeti, 1913), comb. nov., S. suavis (Szépligeti, 1918), comb. nov., and S. subellipticus (Granger, 1949), comb. nov. Lectotypes are designated for S. lembaensis and S. suavis. For all species descriptions and illustrations are provided together with a diagnostic key.

The Chinese fauna of the euphorine genus Streblocera Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is revised. Seven new species from China are described and illustrated: Streblocera (Eutanycerus) carinifera Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (E.) laterostriata Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (E.) uncifera Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (S.) interrupta Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (S.) stigenbergae Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (S.) trullifera Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., and S. (S.) zoroi Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov. An identification key to the females of Streblocera from China is provided.

The three Palaearctic species of Lysitermus Foerster, 1863 (Braconidae, Hormiinae, Lysitermini) are revised. The type species is described for the first time together with both of the other species. Lysitermus suecicus (Hedqvist, 1957) is a new synonym of L. tritoma (Bouček, 1956), and L. longiventris (Tobias, 1976) of L. talitzkii (Tobias, 1971), stat. nov.

A new genus, Parallobracon gen. nov., of the subfamily Braconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is described to include Parallobracon prolatus sp. nov. Eight genera Chaoilta Cameron, Cyanopterus Haliday, Gammabracon Quicke, Ischnobracon Baltazar, Monilobracon Quicke, Pseudospinaria Enderlein, Vipiomorpha Tobias, and Zaglyptogastra Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) are newly recorded from China, their 21 species are revised, and 13 new species (Chaoilta breviceps sp. nov., Cyanopterus (Ipobracon) lucidus sp. nov., Cyanopterus (Ipobracon) transversus sp. nov., Gammabracon uniformis sp. nov., Gammabracon wangi sp. nov., Ischnobracon guttatus sp. nov., Monilobracon longitudinalis sp. nov., Monilobracon marginatus sp. nov., Parallobracon prolatus sp. nov., Vipiomorpha sulcata sp. nov., Vipiomorpha yunnanensis sp. nov., Zaglyptogastra exilis sp. nov., and Zaglyptogastra tricolor sp. nov.) are described and illustrated. Bracomorpha Papp, 1971, is included as subgenus in Cyanopterus Haliday, 1835 (syn. nov.) and Cyanopterus ninghais Wang, Chen, Wu et He, 2009, is a new combination. Keys to the Chinese species of the genera Chaoilta, Cyanopterus, Gammabracon, Ischnobracon, Monilobracon, Vipiomorpha, and Zaglyptogastra are provided.

Four new species of the genus Gasteruption Latreille, 1797 (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Gasteruptiidae: Gasteruptiinae) are described from China. Three are from Shaanxi (NW China; G. granulatum Tan & van Achterberg, sp. nov., G. pedion Tan & van Achterberg, sp. nov., and G. reductum Tan & van Achterberg, sp. nov.) and one from S China and Ningxia (G. kexinae Tan & van Achterberg, sp. nov.). Eleven species are newly recorded for Shaanxi (G. abeillei Kieffer, 1912, G. amoyense Pasteels, 1958, G. bimaculatum Pasteels, 1958, G. corniculigerum Enderlein, 1913, G. latitibia Zhao, van Achterberg & Xu, 2012, G. minutum (Tournier, 1877), G. nigritarse (Thomson, 1883), G. parvicollarium Enderlein, 1913, G. sinarum Kieffer, 1911, G. subtile (Thomson, 1883) and G. brevicuspis Kieffer, 1911). The newly-recorded species and the new species are keyed and illustrated. Two new synonyms are proposed: G. rufescenticorne Enderlein, 1913, with G. japonicum Cameron, 1888, syn. nov. and G. oriplanum Kieffer, 1911, with G. minutum (Tournier, 1877), syn. nov.

The species of the genus Cratospila Foerster, 1863 (Braconidae, Alysiinae) from South Korea are revised, and the genus is recorded for the first time from South Korea. All four species are new to science, and Cratospila albifera sp. nov., C. ejuncida sp. nov., C. luteocephala sp. nov., and C. syntoma sp. nov. are described and illustrated herein. In addition, COI has been sequenced of three species. A key to the Korean species is provided.

The Scoliidae occur predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions and are ectoparasitoids of Scarabaeoidea larvae (especially of Melolonthinae) which are immobilised, parasitised by the female wasp in their terrestrial larval gallery and buried deeper in a special cell by the female wasp. Herein, we provided, for the first time, illustrated keys to 11 genera and 52 species of Scoliidae from China, based on specimens in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (RMNH, Leiden) and additional specimens from the Chinese Academy of Insect Science (Beijing), Zhejiang University (ZJUH, Hangzhou) and Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU, Guangzhou) and it is a first attempt to make keys available for all the Scoliidae species in China.

For the first time the tribe Phanerotomini (Braconidae, Cheloninae) of the Arabian Peninsula is revised, illustrated by colour photographs and keyed. It resulted in twenty-one new species (of which 20 species belong to the genus Phanerotoma and representing 75% of the reported species): Phanerotomella yemenitica sp. nov., Phanerotoma angusticrus sp. nov., P. artocornuta sp. nov., P. aspidiota sp. nov., P. brunneivena sp. nov., P. caudatoides sp. nov., P. glabritemporalis sp. nov., P. granulata sp. nov., P. ejuncida sp. nov., P. hellyeri sp. nov., P. latifemorata sp. nov., P. lepta sp. nov., P. longivena sp. nov., P. mesocellata sp. nov., P. microdonta sp. nov., P. micrommata sp. nov., P. sculptilis sp. nov., P. signifera sp. nov., P. spuriserrata sp. nov., P. stenochora sp. nov., and P. vanharteni sp. nov. Reported as new for United Arab Emirates and Yemen are Phanerotoma graciloides van Achterberg, 1990, P. masiana Fahringer, 1934, and P. leucobasis Kriechbaumer, 1894 (the latter also for Saudi Arabia), for United Arab Emirates P. ocularis Kohl, 1906, and P. robusta Zettel, 1988, and for Yemen P. bilinea Lyle, 1924, P. flavivena Edmardash & Gadallah, 2019, and P. permixtellae Fischer, 1968. Phanerotoma caboverdensis Hedqvist, 1965, syn. nov. is synonymised with P. leucobasis Kriechbaumer, 1894.

A new species of the genus Myiocephalus Marshall, 1898, M. cracentis Li, sp. nov. from the Palaearctic (China, Ningxia, Hubei), is described and illustrated. A key to known species of Myiocephalus is provided. Myiocephalus boops (Wesmael, 1835), is a new record for Jilin province (NE China).

The world genera of the Bobekia-group of Alysiini (Braconidae: Alysiinae) are reviewed and keyed. A new genus (Neodiasta gen. nov.) is proposed for Phasmidiasta ecuadorensis Fischer, 2006, from Ecuador. One new subgenus (Parabobekoides subg. nov.; type species Separatatus (Parabobekoides) yinshani sp. nov. from NW China) is described and illustrated. Neosymphanes Belokobylskij, 1998 is a new synonym of Bobekia Niezabitowski, 1910 (syn. nov.).

Two parasitoids, Metapelma beijingense Yang (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) and Spathius ochus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are redescribed and illustrated. Both were reared from Coraebus cavifrons Descarpentries & Villiers (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) boring in Symplocos stellaris Brand (Symplocaceae). Metapelma beijingense is a solitary parasitoid with a parasitism rate of about 13.5% and S. ochus is a gregarious parasitoid with a parasitism rate of about 21.2%. A revised key to Oriental and Palaearctic species of Metapelma Westwood and a key to the species of the Spathius labdacus-group are provided.

Two new species of Trigonalyidae are described from Tibet (SW China): Jezonogonalos nyingchiensis Chen & van Achterberg, sp. nov., and Taeniogonalos eurysoma Chen & van Achterberg, sp. nov. In total, seven species representing four genera are known from Tibet, and two of them are newly recorded from Tibet: Taeniogonalos bucarinata Chen, van Achterberg, He & Xu, 2014, and Teranishia crenulata Chen, van Achterberg, He & Xu, 2014.

The West Palaearctic species of the Aleiodes apicalis group (Braconidae: Rogadinae) as defined by van Achterberg & Shaw (2016) are revised. Six new species of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838, are described and illustrated: A. carbonaroides van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov., A. coriaceus van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov., A. improvisus van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov., A. nigrifemur van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov., A. turcicus van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov., and A. zwakhalsi van Achterberg & Shaw, sp. nov. An illustrated key to 42 species is included. Hyperstemma Shestakov, 1940, is retained as subgenus to accommodate A. chloroticus (Shestakov, 1940) and similar species. Fourteen new synonyms are proposed: Rogas bicolor Lucas, 1849 (not Spinola, 1808), Rogas rufo-ater Wollaston, 1858, Rhogas bicolorinus Fahringer, 1932, Rhogas reticulator var. atripes Costa, 1884, and Rhogas similis Szépligeti, 1903, of Aleiodes apicalis (Brullé, 1832); Rogas (Rogas) vicinus Papp, 1977, of Aleiodes aterrimus (Ratzeburg, 1852); Rogas affinis Herrich-Schäffer, 1838, of Aleiodes cruentus (Nees, 1834); Bracon dimidiatus Spinola, 1808, and Rhogas (Rhogas) dimidiatus var. turkestanicus Telenga, 1941, of Aleiodes gasterator (Jurine, 1807); Rogas alpinus Thomson, 1892, of Aleiodes grassator (Thunberg, 1822); Rhogas jaroslawensis Kokujev, 1898, of Aleiodes periscelis (Reinhard, 1863); Rhogas carbonarius var. giraudi Telenga, 1941, of Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838); Ichneumon ductor Thunberg, 1822, of Aleiodes unipunctator (Thunberg, 1822); Rogas heterostigma Stelfox, 1953, of Aleiodes pallidistigmus (Telenga, 1941). Neotypes are designated for Rogas affinis Herrich-Schäffer, 1838; Rogas nobilis Haliday (in Curtis), 1834; Rogas pallidicornis Herrich-Schäffer, 1838; Rogas ruficornis Herrich-Schäffer, 1838. Lectotypes are designated for Rhogas (Rhogas) dimidiatus var. turkestanicus Telenga, 1941, and Rhogas hemipterus Marshall, 1897.

The species of the genus Schizoprymnus Förster, 1863 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae) from China are revised. Seven new species, namely S. carinatus Yan and Chen, sp. nov., S. glabratus Yan and Chen, sp. nov., S. liui Yan and Chen, sp. nov., S. parvidentatus Yan and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. punctiscutellaris Yan and Chen, sp. nov., S. septentrionalis Yan and Chen, sp. nov., and S. subspinosus Yan and Chen, sp. nov. are described and illustrated. In addition, S. telengai Tobias, 1976 is reported for the first time from China. An updated key to the Chinese species of the genus Schizoprymnus is included.

Yemen is provided for the first time. The following genera are recorded in the southern Arabian Peninsula for the first time: tribe Doryctini – Hemispathius Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000 and Doryctes Haliday, 1836; tribe Spathiini – Parana Nixon, 1941 and Spathius Nees, 1819; tribe Hecabolini – Hemidoryctes Belokobylskij, 1992 and Parallorhogas Marsh, 1993; tribe Heterospilini – Heterospilus Haliday 1936; tribe Rhaconotini – Platyspathius Viereck, 1911 and Rhaconotinus Hedqvist, 1965. Sixteen species and one subspecies are described as new for science: Dendrosotinus (Gildoria) maculipennis Belokobylskij sp. nov., D. (G.) subelongatus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Doryctes (Neodoryctes) arrujumi Belokobylskij sp. nov., Parana arabica Belokobylskij sp. nov., Spathius alkadanus Belokobylskij sp. nov., S. austroarabicus Belokobylskij sp. nov., S. lahji Belokobylskij sp. nov., S. subafricanus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Hecabalodes maculatus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Platyspathius (Platyspathius) longicaudis Belokobylskij sp. nov., P. (P.) brevis Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rhaconotinus albosetosus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rhaconotus brevicellularis Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rh. magniareolus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rh. microexcavatus Belokobylskij sp. nov., Rh. vanharteni Belokobylskij sp. nov. and Hemidoryctes carbonarius postfurcalis Belokobylskij subsp. nov. Two new generic combinations are proposed: Hemispathius pilosus (Granger, 1949) comb. nov. (transferred from Doryctes) and Parallorhogas testaceus (Szépligeti, 1914) comb. nov. (transferred from Opius). Rhaconotus decaryi Granger, 1949 is here synonymised with Rh. menippus Nixon, 1939 (syn. nov.). A lectotype for Doryctes pilosus Granger, 1949 is designated. The following species are recorded for the UAE and/or Yemen for the first time: Dendrosotinus ferrugineus (Marshall, 1888), Hemispathius pilosus (Granger, 1949), Mimodoryctes proprius Belokobylskij, 2001, M. arabicus Edmardash, Gadallah & Soliman, 2020, Spathius nixoni Belokobylskij & Maetô, 2009, Hecabalodes anthaxiae Wilkinson, 1929, H. radialis Tobias, 1962, H. xylophagi Fischer, 1962, Parallorhogas testaceus (Szépligeti, 1914), Heterospilus (Eoheterospilus) rubrocinctus (Ashmead, 1905), Rhaconotinus menippus (Nixon, 1939), Rhaconotus arabicus Belokobylskij, 2001, Rh. manolus Nixon, 1941, Rh. scirpophagae Wilkinson, 1927 and Rh. sudanensis Wilkinson, 1927.

The species of the genus Hybrizon Fallén (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Hybrizontinae) from China are reviewed, with special reference to Shandong (North China). Two new species (Hybrizon hei sp. nov. and H. xui sp. nov.) are described and illustrated. A key to the East Palaearctic species of Hybrizon is included.

Braconid parasitoids reared from Malus sieversii and Malus domestica trees in NW China infested by Agrilus mali Matsumura (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) are illustrated and discussed. Six species were found parasitising Agrilus mali in NW China, namely, Atanycolus ivanowi (Kokujev) (Braconinae), Doryctes undulatus (Ratzeburg), Pareucorystes varinervis Tobias, Polystenus rugosus Foerster, Spathius sinicus Chao, and Spathius brevicaudis Ratzeburg (Doryctinae). All listed species are newly recorded parasitoids of Agrilus mali. Pareucorystes varinervis and Spathius brevicaudis are new records for the Chinese fauna, but Spathius brevicaudis has been recorded from Taiwan before. Both sexes of Spathius brevicaudis are redescribed here to allow inclusion in the recent revision of the Chinese Spathius species. An identification key to the six braconid parasitoids of Agrilus mali in NW China is provided.

The enigmatic genus Gastralysia Fischer, 1967 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) and its type species, G. garambana Fischer, 1967, are redescribed and illustrated. The female is described for the first time. The position of the genus is discussed and the genus is placed in a new subtribus, Gastralysiina subtrib. n. The genus is reported new for Ivory Coast and Tanzania.

Two genera, Areopraon Mackauer, 1959 and Pseudopraon Starý, 1975, are newly recorded from China in this paper. Two new species, namely A. chui Tian & Chen, sp. n. and P. hei Tian & Chen, sp. n., are described and illustrated. Keys to the known species of these two genera are provided.

Wasps of the genus Gasteruption are predator-inquilines of bees nesting in cavities in wood, stems, galls, and vertical soil surfaces. During studies of hymenopterans associated with reed galls caused by flies of the genus Lipara we recorded three species. We provide the evidence that a rare European species Gasteruption phragmiticola is a specialized predator-inquiline of an equally rare wetland bee Hylaeus pectoralis. Gasteruption nigrescens is a predator-inquiline of bees of the family Megachilidae, using the common bee Hoplitis leucomelana as the main host. Gasteruption assectator is a less specialized predator-inquiline of multiple groups of bees. The first two species, G. phragmiticola and G. nigrescens, are usually present at well-preserved reed beds associated with meadows rich in flowering plants while G. assectator does not prefer any specific habitat. Mature larvae of Gasteruption typically have a dorsoventrally flattened body and lateral lobes, small head with only slightly sclerotized mouthparts and tridentate mandibles. The larvae of these three species differ only slightly from one another, at most by the sclerotization of the mouthparts, colour, and position of setae on the head capsule and the shape of the mandible. As previous descriptions are insufficient, we provide first detailed descriptions with figures.