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Ocular surface disease affects the majority of our patients in varying ways and to different degrees. By and large, it is not difficult to identify. We can see it at [...]

Byline: Yusuf. Yilmaz, Sefik. Ipek, Muhammet. Ozer, Tugba. Celebi Purpose: To evaluate corneal densitometry (CD) of patients with arcus senilis (AS) and its association with the serum lipid markers. Methods: [...]

Byline: Mukesh. Taneja Many of us may have seen That 'one' topography scan that seemed like that of keratoconus but turned out to be regular cornea after instilling a drop [...]

Byline: Madhumita. Gopal, Muralidhar. Ramappa, Ashik. Mohamed, Rohit. Dhakal, Sunita. Chaurasia Purpose: Congenital corneal anesthesia (CCA) is a rare clinical entity that poses a diagnostic dilemma, particularly in the pediatric [...]

A corneal assessment is a routine and integral part of any ocular examination. Its elaborate and unique organization gives the cornea the necessary transparency to refract and transmit light rays [...]

Corneal arcus is a regularly encountered condition on routine ophthalmic examination, as it is one of the most common ocular manifestations of aging. While this ubiquitous finding is most often [...]

When sight-threatening conditions strike, they can swiftly cause our patients great detriment. Among these threats, a relatively common occurrence is the corneal ulcer--of which there are several types. Clinicians can [...]

Employing technology to provide a higher standard of care is foremost in setting the optometrist apart in an ever-increasingly competitive environment. Subtle signs of corneal dystrophies, degenerations and irregularities may [...]

Corneal endotheliopathy is a broad term used to classify several diseases and clinical circumstances that affect the structure and function of the corneal endothelium. Because the endothelium is responsible for [...]

In the United States, approximately 4,200 persons are affected by a corneal dystrophy, according to research from Prevent Blindness, the National Institute of Special Education and the National Science Foundation. [...]

Signs and symptoms Keratoconus is a progressive, irreversible corneal distortion that usually begins to manifest around puberty. Patients usually report blurring and vision distortion that gradually worsens over time. Other [...]

Keratoconus can be defined as a progressive, non-inflammatory, conical deformity of the cornea. The condition is characterized by corneal thinning and protrusion, resulting in corneal distortion and decreased vision. Keratoconus [...]

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) can be used to obtain highly detailed images of ocular tissues in ex vivo and in vivo assessments of both the corneal epithelium and limbal [...]

ADVANCES IN HARDWARE and software make corneal topography and tomography useful tools for ectasia risk screening and for the diagnosis and follow-up of keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia, but other factors [...]

In February 2007, I examined a 13-year-old Hispanic female, "Jane." She was the youngest of "Edward's" three daughters, all of whom were my patients. At her previous examination, I noted [...]

Signs and symptoms Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD), also known as Cogan's microcystic corneal dystrophy, is one of the more commonly encountered corneal dystrophies in clinical practice. (1) Typically, it [...]

Signs and symptoms Band keratopathy can afflict anyone regardless of age, gender or race. Early in the course of the disease, patients tend to be asymptomatic. Slowly, glare, photophobia, foreign-body [...]

If a patient has problems with contact lens wear, that patient must be experiencing "contact lens overwear," right? "Overwear" is the catch-all phrase used by many doctors to describe almost [...]

Description Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy (Thygeson's SPK) is a superficial corneal inflammatory condition. It is both rare and of unknown (although presumed viral) aetiology. It characteristically affects young adults and [...]

Description Terrien's marginal degeneration is a rare peripheral corneal thinning condition of unknown aetiology. The thinning leads to corneal stromal relaxation, resulting in induced irregular astigmatism. It may occur at [...]

Reviewed by David J. Schanzlin, MD, and Ernest W. Kornmehl, MD Anaheim, CA -- Additive intralamellar corneal refractive surgery is an exciting new area of surgical development that may provide [...]

Description Instability of the attachment of the basal corneal epithelium to the underlying stroma through its normal adhesion structures results in a collection of signs and symptoms known as recurrent [...]

Description Phlyctenulosis is a conjunctival and corneal inflammatory disease that predominantly affects children. Similarly to marginal keratitis the aetiology is thought to be a hypersensitivity reaction to bacterial antigens. The [...]

Description Mooren's ulcer is a very rare form of peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) thought to occur from a limbal vasculitis and possible autoimmune reaction directed against corneal collagen. Histopathological examination [...]

Description The corneal epithelium is derived from epithelial stem cells situated at the limbus. These stem cells are a self-renewing population that also give rise to transient amplifying cells (TACs). [...]

Description The corneal dystrophies are a group of progressive, usually bilateral, inherited (although non-congenital) corneal disorders with a typical age of onset. The stromal dystrophies result in characteristic stromal opacities. [...]

Description Interstitial keratitis (IK) refers to an active inflammatory process within the corneal stroma. The key to the definition is that the inflammation is primarily stromal, not arising from an [...]

Keratometry (K) is the measurement of the corneal curvature; corneal curvature determines the power of the cornea. Differences in power across the cornea (opposite meridians) results in astigmatism; therefore, keratometry [...]