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Purpose: To correlate rheumatologic with ophthalmic and laboratory findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to identify what effect these have on development of ocular disease. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 172 eyes of 86 patients with RA. Patients were examined by a group of rheumatologists. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination including corneal topography and endothelial cell count. Results: There was no significant correlation between RA-negative prognostic indicators (NPIs) and pathologic corneal findings. Patients using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and antimalarial drugs had greater corneal volumes (mean difference 8.51 mm3, 90% confidence interval [CI], 3.98-13.04, P = 0.004; and 2.24, 90% CI, 0.32-4.54, P = 0.048, respectively). Patients using azathioprine had lower endothelial cell counts compared with those using other drugs (mean difference 180 cells/mm2, 90% CI, 69-291, P = 0.008). Patients using biologic DMARDs had better tear osmolarity values (between 280 and 300 mOsm/L) than patients not using them (mean difference 14.3 mOsm/L, P = 0.022). There was no correlation between NPIs of RA and positive keratoconus screening indices (Spearman correlation OD -0.013, P = 0.91; OS -0.033, P = 0.76). Conclusions: There was no clear correlation between RA-NPIs and pathologic corneal findings in our study. DMARDs treatment may help maintain corneal integrity in our patients and prevented collagenolytic manifestations of RA. Other medications such as azathioprine should be used carefully, as endothelial damage may potentially occur. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between corneal involvement and anterior chamber flare using a laser flare meter in eyes with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Methods: A total of 82 eyes of 50 (32 female and 18 male) consecutive patients with epidemic keratoconjuctivitis were evaluated. Besides complete opthalmic examination, anterior chamber flare measurements with laser flare meter (FM 600, Kowa, Kowa Company Ltd., Nagoya, Japan) were performed. The relationship between corneal involvement, subepithelial deposits, and anterior chamber flare was assessed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.32 ± 18.77 (range 4–75) years and the mean duration of complaints was 5.28 ± 2.65 (range 1–12) days. The biomicroscopic findings were conjunctival hyperemia in 82 (100%), follicular reaction in 66 (80.5%), eyelid edema in 56 (68.3%), punctate epitheliopathy in 38 (46.3%), and subepithelial deposits in 36 (43.9%) eyes. The mean flare value was 17.35 ± 12.62 (range 2.0–45.0) photons/ms. Flare measurements were significantly higher in eyes with subepithelial deposits (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Subepithelial deposits seem to occur in eyes with higher anterior chamber inflammation in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. The laser flare meter might be a useful tool to predict subepithelial deposit development in these patients. © The Author(s) 2019., Ege Üniversitesi: 2013-TIP-106, This study was produced under Ege University scientific research project no. 2013-TIP-106. We would like to thank Ege University Scientific Research Projects Commission for providing financial support. The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Olho seco é uma doença multifatorial das lágrimas e da superfície ocular que resulta em desconforto, distúrbios visuais e instabilidade do filme lacrimal. É uma desordem comum que afeta principalmente adultos e mulheres e que pode causar impacto na qualidade de vida comparável a enxaqueca, dispnéia e insuficiência renal crônica, dependendo dos sintomas ou complicações que a acompanham. Novos conceitos com relação à fisiopatologia, classificação e tratamento têm sido apresentados e devem ser conhecidos pelos oftalmologistas pela sua larga aplicação no dia-a-dia. Estima-se que haja 100 medicações diferentes em uso para olho seco atualmente, além de outros métodos de tratamento, sendo necessário se estabelecer o que é realmente seguro e eficaz. Este texto faz uma revisão sobre etiopatogênese e tratamento da síndrome do Olho Seco.Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of tears and ocular surface that causes discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability. It is a common disorder that affects specially adults and women and can cause quality of life impairment comparable to migraine, shortness of breath and chronic renal insufficiency, depending on its symptoms or complications. New concepts regarding physiopathology, classification and treatment have been presented and should be known by ophthalmologists because of their relevance on day-by-day application. There are about 100 different medications currently in use for dry eye besides other methods of treatment, so it is necessary to establish what is really safe and effective for dry eye. This paper presents a review about Dry Eye Syndrome etiopathogenesis and treatment.

Purpose The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System (Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Sylmar, CA) was developed to restore some vision to patients blind as a result of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or outer retinal degeneration. A clinical trial was initiated in 2006 to study the long-term safety and efficacy of the Argus II System in patients with bare or no light perception resulting from end-stage RP. Design Prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial. Within-patient controls included the nonimplanted fellow eye and patients’ native residual vision compared with their vision with the Argus II. Participants Thirty participants in 10 centers in the United States and Europe. Methods The worse-seeing eye of blind patients was implanted with the Argus II. Patients wore glasses mounted with a small camera and a video processor that converted images into stimulation patterns sent to the electrode array on the retina. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measures were safety (the number, seriousness, and relatedness of adverse events) and visual function, as measured by 3 computer-based, objective tests. Secondary measures included functional vision performance on objectively scored real-world tasks. Results Twenty-four of 30 patients remained implanted with functioning Argus II Systems at 5 years after implantation. Only 1 additional serious adverse event was experienced after the 3-year time point. Patients performed significantly better with the Argus II on than off on all visual function tests and functional vision tasks. Conclusions The 5-year results of the Argus II trial support the long-term safety profile and benefit of the Argus II System for patients blind as a result of RP. The Argus II is the first and only retinal implant to have market approval in the European Economic Area, the United States, and Canada. © 2016 American Academy of Ophthalmology

Dominant (familial) drusen (DD) also known as Malattia leventinese (ML) is a rare inherited retinal dystrophy characterized by the presence of numerous drusen in the posterior pole. Pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) is another rare ectatic corneal disorder which typically affects the inferior peripheral cornea. We report a case of comorbidity of DD and PMD in a 53-year-old male who had complaints about low visual acuity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case revealing the association of DD and PMD.

Olho seco é uma doença multifatorial das lágrimas e da superfície ocular que resulta em desconforto, distúrbios visuais e instabilidade do filme lacrimal. É uma desordem comum que afeta principalmente adultos e mulheres e que pode causar impacto na qualidade de vida comparável a enxaqueca, dispnéia e insuficiência renal crônica, dependendo dos sintomas ou complicações que a acompanham. Novos conceitos com relação à fisiopatologia, classificação e tratamento têm sido apresentados e devem ser conhecidos pelos oftalmologistas pela sua larga aplicação no dia-a-dia. Estima-se que haja 100 medicações diferentes em uso para olho seco atualmente, além de outros métodos de tratamento, sendo necessário se estabelecer o que é realmente seguro e eficaz. Este texto faz uma revisão sobre etiopatogênese e tratamento da síndrome do Olho Seco. Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of tears and ocular surface that causes discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability. It is a common disorder that affects specially adults and women and can cause quality of life impairment comparable to migraine, shortness of breath and chronic renal insufficiency, depending on its symptoms or complications. New concepts regarding physiopathology, classification and treatment have been presented and should be known by ophthalmologists because of their relevance on day-by-day application. There are about 100 different medications currently in use for dry eye besides other methods of treatment, so it is necessary to establish what is really safe and effective for dry eye. This paper presents a review about Dry Eye Syndrome etiopathogenesis and treatment.

Bu çalışma, 22 Mayıs 2003 tarihleri arasında Miami[Florida]’da düzenlenen 8. Annual Meeting of the International-Ocular-Surface-Society’da bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Objective: To describe the ocular surface and tear function findings in premature and term babies. Design: Prospective, case-control study. Participants: Forty-eight eyes of 24 premature babies seen at the Department of Ophthalmology of Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey, from March 2002 through September 2002 and 50 eyes of 25 healthy term babies were studied. Intervention: The subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations; corneal sensitivity measurements; Schirmer test with anesthesia, with and without nasal stimulation; primary Jones test; fluorescein staining of the ocular surface; and conjunctival impression cytology. Main Outcome Measures: Premature and term babies were compared for corneal sensitivity, lacrimal drainage system patency, tear function and ocular surface staining parameters, goblet cell density, and squamous metaplasia grade. The relation of these parameters to the status of the ocular surface was also investigated. Results: Mean corneal sensitivity scores were 45 +/- 5.0 mm and 55 +/- 4.5 mm in the premature and term babies, respectively (P

Background Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) comprises a spectrum of clinical manifestations and is divided into three phenotypes reflecting clinical severity: Hurler, Hurler- Scheie, and Scheie syndromes. There may be important variations in clinical manifestations of this genetic disease in patients residing in different regions of the world. Methods Using data from the MPS I Registry (as of September 2009), we evaluated patients from Latin America (n=118) compared with patients from the rest of the world [ROW (n=727)]. Results Phenotype distribution differed among patients in Latin America compared to ROW(Hurler 31 vs. 62%, Hurler- Scheie 36 vs. 21%, Scheie 10 vs. 11%, and unknown 22 vs. 6%). The frequency of certain symptoms, such as cardiac valve abnormalities, sleep impairment, and joint contractures, also differed between Latin America and ROW for some phenotypes. Median age at MPS I diagnosis was earlier in the ROW than Latin America for all phenotypes, and age at first treatment for Hurler and Hurler-Scheie patients was also earlier in the ROW. Hurler patients in Latin America showed a gap of 3.1 years between median ages of diagnosis and first treatment compared to only 0.5 years in the ROW. Treatment allocation in Latin America compared to ROW was as follows: enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) only, 80 vs. 45%; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) only, 0.9 vs. 27%; both ERT and HSCT, 0 vs. 16%; and neither treatment, 19 vs. 13%. Conclusion These data highlight important differences in MPS I patients between Latin America and ROW in terms of phenotypic distribution, clinical manifestations, and treatment practices. © The Author(s) 2011.

The authors implanted intraocular lenses (IOL) in 780 eyes and considered complications of this surgery, dividing the complications into intraoperative and postoperative, the latter early and late. The most frequent intraoperative complications were: hyphema, vitreous injury, pupil deformation with an IOL in the anterior chamber (AC), and hyphema and corneal lesions with an IOL in the posterior chamber (PC). Among the early postoperative complications of an IOL in the AC the authors noticed striate keratopathy and uveal flare and postoperative transitory ocular hypertension and striate keratitis with an IOL in the PC. Moreover, in late postoperative complications in AC implantation they observed: cystoid macular edema, bullous keratitis, retinal detachment, late uveitis, opacification of posterior capsule, eccentric displacement of the IOL, and less frequently, cystoid macular edema in PC implantations. The authors prefer IOL implantation in the PC after extracapsular cataract extraction, since this surgery causes less problems in the cornea, vitreous, and retina.