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3. Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy.

Author

Kelleher, MM, Phillips, R, Brown, SJ, Cro, S, Cornelius, V, Carlsen, KCL, Skjerven, HO, Rehbinder, EM, Lowe, AJ, Dissanayake, E, Shimojo, N, Yonezawa, K, Ohya, Y, Yamamoto-Hanada, K, Morita, K, Axon, E, Cork, M, Cooke, A, Van Vogt, E, Schmitt, J, Weidinger, S, McClanahan, D, Simpson, E, Duley, L, Askie, LM, Williams, HC, Boyle, RJ, Kelleher, MM, Phillips, R, Brown, SJ, Cro, S, Cornelius, V, Carlsen, KCL, Skjerven, HO, Rehbinder, EM, Lowe, AJ, Dissanayake, E, Shimojo, N, Yonezawa, K, Ohya, Y, Yamamoto-Hanada, K, Morita, K, Axon, E, Cork, M, Cooke, A, Van Vogt, E, Schmitt, J, Weidinger, S, McClanahan, D, Simpson, E, Duley, L, Askie, LM, Williams, HC, and Boyle, RJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Eczema and food allergy are common health conditions that usually begin in early childhood and often occur in the same people. They can be associated with an impaired skin barrier in early infancy. It is unclear whether trying to prevent or reverse an impaired skin barrier soon after birth is effective for preventing eczema or food allergy. OBJECTIVES: Primary objective To assess the effects of skin care interventions such as emollients for primary prevention of eczema and food allergy in infants. Secondary objective To identify features of study populations such as age, hereditary risk, and adherence to interventions that are associated with the greatest treatment benefit or harm for both eczema and food allergy. SEARCH METHODS: We performed an updated search of the Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase in September 2021. We searched two trials registers in July 2021. We checked the reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews, and scanned conference proceedings to identify further references to relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs of skin care interventions that could potentially enhance skin barrier function, reduce dryness, or reduce subclinical inflammation in healthy term (> 37 weeks) infants (≤ 12 months) without pre-existing eczema, food allergy, or other skin condition. Eligible comparisons were standard care in the locality or no treatment. Types of skin care interventions could include moisturisers/emollients; bathing products; advice regarding reducing soap exposure and bathing frequency; and use of water softeners. No minimum follow-up was required. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures, and primary analyses used the IPD dataset. Primary outcomes were cumulative incidence of eczema and cumulative incidence of immunoglobulin (Ig)E

Published
2022

5. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author

Kinyoki, D, Ross, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, S, Schaeffer, L, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, N, Abebo, T, Abegaz, K, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abushouk, A, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, A, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Aduroja, P, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, C, Akalu, T, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, G, Alanzi, T, Rabanal, J, Alema, N, Ali, B, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amare, A, Amegah, A, Amini, S, Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antonio, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, E, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, A, Asrat, A, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azadmehr, A, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Bakkannavar, S, Balakrishnan, S, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baradaran-Seyed, Z, Baraki, A, Barboza, M, Barnighausen, T, Barua, L, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bayih, M, Baynes, H, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Y, Bennett, D, Berbada, D, Berhe, K, Berhe, A, Berman, A, Bernstein, R, Bhageerathy, R, Bhandari, D, Bharadwaj, P, Bhattacharjee, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Sayeed, M, Birara, S, Birhane, M, Birhanu, M, Biswas, R, Bitew, Z, Bogale, K, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borzi, A, Borzouei, S, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Britton, G, Budhathoki, S, Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cano, J, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chansa, C, Charan, J, Chatterjee, P, Chattu, V, Chauhan, B, Chavshin, A, Chehrazi, M, Chichiabellu, T, Chin, K, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cicuttini, F, Collison, M, Cork, M, Cormier, N, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Dadi, A, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Gupta, R, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davis Weaver, N, Leo, D, Neve, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, D, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhillon, P, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, G, Nasab, M, Diaz, D, Forooshani, Z, Dinsa, G, Dipeolu, I, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, P, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubey, M, Adema, B, Dunachie, S, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Earl, L, Leylabadlo, H, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elsharkawy, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, Elyazar, I, Emamian, M, Enany, S, Endalew, D, Endalifer, M, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Etisso, A, Fanzo, J, Farahmand, M, Faraj, A, Farashi, S, Fareed, M, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Farzam, H, Fatima, S, Fattahi, N, Fauk, N, Fazaeli, A, Fentahun, N, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flohr, C, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Forster, J, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gayesa, R, Geberemariyam, B, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremariam, H, Gebremariam, K, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebreslassie, A, Gebretsadik, G, Gedefaw, G, Geramo, Y, Gesesew, H, Geta, B, Getenet, A, Gezae, K, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghajarzadeh, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghiasvand, H, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Ginawi, I, Goli, S, Gomes, N, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, A, Govindakarnavar, A, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guimaraes, R, Guled, R, Guo, Y, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, M, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, B, Halvaei, I, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, Y, Handiso, D, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Hariyani, N, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hasankhani, M, Hasanpoor, E, Hasanzadeh, A, Hashemian, M, Hassanipour, S, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hawkes, C, Hayat, K, Hayelom, D, Heidari, B, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herrero, M, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, de Hidru, H, Hoang, C, Hoek, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hollerich, G, Rad, E, Hong, S, Hoogar, P, Horino, M, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Housseh, M, Hsairi, M, Hu, G, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, M, Imani-Nasab, M, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Iwu, C, Izadi, N, Jaafari, J, Jaca, A, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Balalami, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Jalilian, F, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jehan, F, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jia, P, John, O, John-Akinola, Y, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kahsay, A, Kahssay, M, Kalani, H, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kapil, U, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karim, M, Karki, S, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, G, Kasaye, H, Kassa, T, Kassaye, H, Kassebaum, N, Karyani, A, Kengne, A, Ketema, D, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khaksarian, M, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khalilov, R, Khan, A, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaei-Pool, M, Khazaei, M, Khazaei, S, Khodayari, M, Khosravi, M, Khundkar, R, Kiadaliri, A, Kianipour, N, Kiirithio, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolola, T, Komaki, H, Kondlahalli, S, Koolivand, A, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, M, Krishan, K, Krohn, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kumar, V, Kurmi, O, Kuti, O, Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lad, D, Lal, A, Lal, D, Lami, F, Lamichhane, P, Lang, J, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, Lebedev, G, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leili, M, Letourneau, I, Lewycka, S, Li, S, Lim, L, Linn, S, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Longbottom, J, Lopez, J, Lorkowski, S, Macarayan, E, Madadin, M, El Razek, H, El Razek, M, Maghavani, D, Mahasha, P, Mahotra, N, Maled, V, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Malta, D, Manafi, A, Manafi, F, Manafi, N, Manohar, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mapoma, C, Marami, D, Marczak, L, Arnedo, C, Martins-Melo, F, Masaka, A, Massenburg, B, Maulik, P, Mayala, B, Mazidi, M, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Mehta, K, Meitei, W, Mekonnen, F, Mekonnen, T, Meles, G, Meles, H, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, M, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Miazgowski, T, Kostova, N, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mini, G, Mir, S, Miri, M, Mirjalali, H, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei, R, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadi, E, Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, A, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Darwesh, A, Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, A, Mohebi, F, Mokari, A, Mokdad, A, Montanez, J, Montero-Zamora, P, Moodley, Y, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mosser, J, Mouodi, S, Khaneghah, A, Mozaffarian, D, Mueller, U, Murray, C, Murthy, G, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nabavizadeh, B, Naderi, M, Nadkarni, G, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nansseu, J, Narayan, K, Nascimento, B, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, D, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nigatu, D, Nigatu, Y, Nikbakhsh, R, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nong, V, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Oancea, B, Ofori-Asenso, R, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Oluwasanu, M, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Asante, K, Oren, E, Orisakwe, O, Ortiz, A, Osarenotor, O, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Owolabi, M, P. A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parsian, H, Pashaei, T, Pasupula, D, Patel, S, Pathak, A, Pathak, M, Pati, S, Patle, A, Patton, G, Paulos, K, Toroudi, H, Pepito, V, Perico, N, Petri, W, Pickering, B, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Piroozi, B, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Kalhori, R, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prada, S, Preotescu, L, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Ray, S, Remuzzi, G, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezaeian, S, Rezai, M, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rodriguez, A, Roever, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Rubagotti, E, Saad, A, Saadatagah, S, Sabde, Y, Sabour, S, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Safari, S, Safari, Y, Safarpour, H, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salahshoor, M, Salam, N, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Salem, H, Salem, M, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Kafil, H, Sambala, E, Samy, A, Santos, I, Jose, B, Saraswathy, S, Sarker, A, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Sbarra, A, Schipp, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Senbeta, A, Senthilkumaran, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shalash, A, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharif, M, Sharma, R, Shehata, H, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, W, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Silva, D, Simonetti, B, Singh, A, Singh, P, Singh, V, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Sintayehu, Y, Sisay, M, Soheili, A, Soleymani, B, Soltani, F, Soltani, S, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, I, Spotin, A, Sreeramareddy, C, Srivastava, R, Starodubova, A, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, M, Suleria, H, Sulo, G, Sunguya, B, Sykes, B, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, B, Taherkhani, A, Tamirat, K, Tassew, S, Taveira, N, Teklehaimanot, B, Tekulu, G, Temsah, M, Terkawi, A, Tessema, Z, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tlaye, K, Tohidinik, H, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, K, Tripathi, M, Uddin, R, Ullah, I, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Useh, U, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vaezghasemi, M, Valdez, P, Vanderheide, J, Varavikova, E, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Veisani, Y, Venkatesh, S, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Weldesamuel, G, Werdecker, A, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wolde, H, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Wu, A, Xu, G, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamada, T, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Youm, Y, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousof, H, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarafshan, H, Zepro, N, Zerfu, T, Zewale, T, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zodpey, S, Zomorodian, K, Zotor, F, Afshin, A, Hay, S, Kinyoki D. K., Ross J. M., Lazzar-Atwood A., Munro S. B., Schaeffer L. E., Abbasalizad-Farhangi M., Abbasi M., Abbastabar H., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahi M., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R. S., Abebe N. D., Abebo T. A., Abegaz K. H., Abolhassani H., Abreu L. G., Abrigo M. R. M., Abushouk A. I., Accrombessi M. M. K., Acharya D., Adabi M., Adebiyi A. O., Adedeji I. A., Adekanmbi V., Adeoye A. M., Adetokunboh O. O., Adham D., Aduroja P. E., Advani S. M., Afarideh M., Aghaali M., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M. B., Ahmed R., Ajumobi O., Akal C. G., Akalu T. Y., Akinyemiju T., Akombi B., Al-Aly Z., Alam S., Alamene G. M., Alanzi T. M., Rabanal J. E. A., Alema N. M., Ali B. A., Ali M., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S. M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H. M., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N. J., Amare A. T., Amegah A. K., Amini S., Rarani M. A., Amiri F., Amit A. M. L., Anber N. H., Andrei C. L., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z. A., Antonio C. A. T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Appiah S. C. Y., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Araya E. M., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A. A., Asgari S., Asghari B., Ashagre A. F., Asrat A. A., Ataeinia B., Atalay H. T., Atnafu D. D., Atout M. M. W., Ausloos M., Avokpaho E. F. G. A., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B. P. A., Ayanore M. A., Aynalem Y. A. A., Azadmehr A., Azari S., Azarian G., Azene Z. N., Babaee E., Badawi A., Badiye A. D., Bahrami M. A., Baig A. A. A., Bakhtiari A., Bakkannavar S. M., Balakrishnan S., Bali A. G., Banach M., Banik P. C., Baradaran-Seyed Z., Baraki A. G., Barboza M. A., Barnighausen T. W., Barua L., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bayati M., Bayih M. T., Baynes H. W., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bekele Y. A., Bennett D. A., Berbada D. A., Berhe K., Berhe A. K., Berman A. E., Bernstein R. S., Bhageerathy R., Bhandari D., Bharadwaj P., Bhattacharjee N. V., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Bilano V., Bililign N., Sayeed M. S. B., Birara S., Birhane M. B. B., Birhanu M., Biswas R. K., Bitew Z. W., Bogale K. A., Bohlouli S., Bolla S. R., Boloor A., Borzi A. M., Borzouei S., Brady O. J., Bragazzi N. L., Braithwaite D., Briko N. I., Britton G., Budhathoki S. S., Nagaraja S. B., Busse R., Butt Z. A., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cano J., Car J., Cardenas R., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Castro F., Cerin E., Chansa C., Charan J., Chatterjee P., Chattu V. K., Chauhan B. G., Chavshin A. R., Chehrazi M., Chichiabellu T. Y., Chin K. L., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Cicuttini F. M., Collison M. L., Cork M. A., Cormier N., Cortesi P. A., Costa V. M., Dadi A. F. F., Dagnew B., Dahlawi S. M. A., Damiani G., Darwish A. H., Daryani A., Das J. K., Gupta R. D., Davila-Cervantes C., Davis Weaver N., Leo D. D., Neve J. -W. D., Demeke F. M., Demis A. B., Demissie D. B., Demoz G. T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desai R., Desalegn B. B., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Dey S., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhillon P., Dhimal M., Dhungana G. P., Nasab M. D., Diaz D., Forooshani Z. S. D., Dinsa G. D., Dipeolu I. O., Djalalinia S., Do H. T., Do H. P., Doku P. N., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Dubey M., Adema B. D., Dunachie S. J., Duncan B. B., Duraes A. R., Earl L., Leylabadlo H. E., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Elbarazi I., Elemineh D. A., El-Jaafary S. I., El-Khatib Z., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y. M., Elyazar I. R. F., Emamian M. H., Enany S., Endalew D. A., Endalifer M. L., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esteghamati A., Etemadi A., Etisso A. E., Fanzo J., Farahmand M., Faraj A., Farashi S., Fareed M., Farioli A., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Farzam H., Fatima S. S., Fattahi N., Fauk N. K., Fazaeli A. A., Fentahun N., Ferede T. Y., Fereshtehnejad S. -M., Fernandes E., Fernandes J. C., Feyissa G. 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L., Rawal L., Ray S. E., Remuzzi G., Renjith V., Renzaho A. M. N., Resnikoff S., Rezaei N., Rezaeian S., Rezai M. S., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro A. I., Rickard J., Rodriguez A., Roever L., Roro E. M., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Rubagotti E., Saad A. M., Saadatagah S., Sabde Y. D., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Sadeghi M., Safari S., Safari Y., Safarpour H., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M. A., Sajadi S. M., Salahshoor M. R., Salam N., Salehi F., Zahabi S. S., Salem H., Salem M. R. R., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Kafil H. S., Sambala E. Z., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Jose B. P. S., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarker A. R., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Saxena S., Sayyah M., Sbarra A. N., Schipp M. F., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Schwebel D. C., Senbeta A. M., Senthilkumaran S., Seyedmousavi S., Shaahmadi F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shalash A. S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamshirian A., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharif M., Sharma R., Shehata H. S., Sheikhtaheri A., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W. S., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shiue I., Shuval K., Siabani S., Siddiqi T. J., Sigfusdottir I. D., Silva D. A. S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Singh P., Singh V., Singh J. A., Singh P. K., Sinha D. N., Sintayehu Y., Sisay M. M. M., Soheili A., Soleymani B., Soltani F., Soltani S., Soriano J. B., Sorrie M. B., Soshnikov S., Soyiri I. N., Spotin A., Sreeramareddy C. T., Srivastava R. K. K., Starodubova A., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M. B., Suleria H. A. R., Sulo G., Sunguya B. F., Sykes B. L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadesse B. T., Taherkhani A., Tamirat K. S., Tassew S. G., Taveira N., Teklehaimanot B. F., Tekulu G. H., Temsah M. -H., Terkawi A. S., Tessema Z. T., Thomas N., Titova M. V., Tlaye K. G., Tohidinik H. R., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran K. B., Tripathi M., Uddin R., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Useh U., Usman M. S., Uthman O. A., Vacante M., Vaezghasemi M., Valdez P. R., VanderHeide J., Varavikova E., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Venkatesh S., Venketasubramanian N., Verma M., Vidale S., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vollmer S., Vukovic R., Waheed Y., Wang H., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Weldesamuel G. T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wiens K. E., Wijeratne T., Wolde H. F., Wondafrash D. Z., Wonde T. E., Wondmieneh A. B., Wu A. -M., Xu G., Yadegar A., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S. H. Y., Yamada T., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y. G., Yilma M. T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Youm Y., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousof H. -A. S. A., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Moghadam T. Z., Zaki L., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zarafshan H., Zepro N. B., Zerfu T. A., Zewale T. A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao X. -J., Zodpey S., Zomorodian K., Zotor F. B., Afshin A., and Hay S. I.

Abstract

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.

Published
2020

6. Randomized controlled pilot trial with ion‐exchange water softeners to prevent eczema (SOFTER trial)

Author

Jabbar‐Lopez, Z. K., primary, Ezzamouri, B., additional, Briley, A., additional, Greenblatt, D., additional, Gurung, N., additional, Chalmers, J. R., additional, Thomas, K. S., additional, Frost, T., additional, Kezic, S., additional, Common, J. E. A., additional, Danby, S., additional, Cork, M. J., additional, Peacock, J. L., additional, and Flohr, C., additional

Published
2021
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11. DUPILUMAB TREATMENT IMPROVES ATOPIC DERMATITIS SIGNS ACROSS ANATOMICAL REGIONS IN PATIENTS AGED 12–17 YEARS

Author

Go, R., Siegfried, E., Cork, M., Swanson, E., Chen, Z., Simcox, E., and Prescilla, R.

Abstract

Previous reports show that 16 weeks (w) of dupilumab treatment improves atopic dermatitis (AD) signs in adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD. This interim analysis reports the impact of dupilumab treatment on AD signs across anatomical regions in patients aged 12–17 years with moderate-to-severe AD in an open-label extension (OLE) study up to 104w.

Published
2024
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12. Treatment outcomes of patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) treated with dupilumab through the Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) in the UK

Author

O’Kane, D., Davis, L., Ardern-Jones, M., Laws, P., Shaw, L., Cork, M., Velangi, S., Cooper, H.L., Hudson, R., Smith, A.B., and Rout, R.

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, Injections, Subcutaneous, Eczema, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Severity of Illness Index, Health Services Accessibility, United Kingdom, Dermatitis, Atopic, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Clinical Paper, Humans, Child, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

BACKGROUND\ud \ud Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha that inhibits IL-4/IL-13 signalling is indicated in dermatology for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adult and adolescent patients 12 years and older and severe AD in children 6-11 years, who are candidates for systemic therapy. Dupilumab received Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) approval for adults in March 2017.\ud \ud OBJECTIVES\ud \ud The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy outcomes of treatment with dupilumab in EAMS.\ud \ud METHODS\ud \ud A retrospective analysis of adult patients enrolled in the dupilumab EAMS in the UK. Scores were assessed at baseline and follow up, including the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Investigator’s Global Assessment Score (IGA) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).\ud \ud RESULTS\ud \ud Data were available for 57 adult patients treated with dupilumab for at least 12 weeks; 73.6% of patients had\ud received prior treatment with 3 or 4 immunosuppressants. Baseline scores for the EASI and DLQI were 27.93 (standard \ud deviation, SD 13.09) and 18.26 (SD 6.18) respectively. AD \ud severity scores showed statistically significant improvement at week 16+4 weeks (p

Published
2021

17. Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy

Author

Kelleher, MM, Cro, S, Cornelius, V, Carlsen, KCL, Skjerven, HO, Rehbinder, EM, Lowe, AJ, Dissanayake, E, Shimojo, N, Yonezawa, K, Ohya, Y, Yamamoto-Hanada, K, Morita, K, Axon, E, Surber, C, Cork, M, Cooke, A, Tran, L, Van Vogt, E, Schmitt, J, Weidinger, S, McClanahan, D, Simpson, E, Duley, L, Askie, LM, Chalmers, JR, Williams, HC, Boyle, RJ, Kelleher, MM, Cro, S, Cornelius, V, Carlsen, KCL, Skjerven, HO, Rehbinder, EM, Lowe, AJ, Dissanayake, E, Shimojo, N, Yonezawa, K, Ohya, Y, Yamamoto-Hanada, K, Morita, K, Axon, E, Surber, C, Cork, M, Cooke, A, Tran, L, Van Vogt, E, Schmitt, J, Weidinger, S, McClanahan, D, Simpson, E, Duley, L, Askie, LM, Chalmers, JR, Williams, HC, and Boyle, RJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Eczema and food allergy are common health conditions that usually begin in early childhood and often occur together in the same people. They can be associated with an impaired skin barrier in early infancy. It is unclear whether trying to prevent or reverse an impaired skin barrier soon after birth is effective in preventing eczema or food allergy. OBJECTIVES: Primary objective To assess effects of skin care interventions, such as emollients, for primary prevention of eczema and food allergy in infants Secondary objective To identify features of study populations such as age, hereditary risk, and adherence to interventions that are associated with the greatest treatment benefit or harm for both eczema and food allergy. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases up to July 2020: Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase. We searched two trials registers and checked reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews for further references to relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We contacted field experts to identify planned trials and to seek information about unpublished or incomplete trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs of skin care interventions that could potentially enhance skin barrier function, reduce dryness, or reduce subclinical inflammation in healthy term (> 37 weeks) infants (0 to 12 months) without pre-existing diagnosis of eczema, food allergy, or other skin condition were included. Comparison was standard care in the locality or no treatment. Types of skin care interventions included moisturisers/emollients; bathing products; advice regarding reducing soap exposure and bathing frequency; and use of water softeners. No minimum follow-up was required. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures, and primary analyses used the IPD dataset. Primary outcomes were cumulative incidence of

Published
2021

18. Skincare interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy: A cochrane systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

Author

Kelleher, MM, Cro, S, Van Vogt, E, Cornelius, V, Lodrup Carlsen, KC, Ove Skjerven, H, Rehbinder, EM, Lowe, A, Dissanayake, E, Shimojo, N, Yonezawa, K, Ohya, Y, Yamamoto-Hanada, K, Morita, K, Cork, M, Cooke, A, Simpson, EL, McClanahan, D, Weidinger, S, Schmitt, J, Axon, E, Tran, L, Surber, C, Askie, LM, Duley, L, Chalmers, JR, Williams, HC, Boyle, RJ, Kelleher, MM, Cro, S, Van Vogt, E, Cornelius, V, Lodrup Carlsen, KC, Ove Skjerven, H, Rehbinder, EM, Lowe, A, Dissanayake, E, Shimojo, N, Yonezawa, K, Ohya, Y, Yamamoto-Hanada, K, Morita, K, Cork, M, Cooke, A, Simpson, EL, McClanahan, D, Weidinger, S, Schmitt, J, Axon, E, Tran, L, Surber, C, Askie, LM, Duley, L, Chalmers, JR, Williams, HC, and Boyle, RJ

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Eczema and food allergy start in infancy and have shared genetic risk factors that affect skin barrier. We aimed to evaluate whether skincare interventions can prevent eczema or food allergy. DESIGN: A prospectively planned individual participant data meta-analysis was carried out within a Cochrane systematic review to determine whether skincare interventions in term infants prevent eczema or food allergy. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and trial registries to July 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTED STUDIES: Included studies were randomized controlled trials of infants <1 year with healthy skin comparing a skin intervention with a control, for prevention of eczema and food allergy outcomes between 1 and 3 years. RESULTS: Of the 33 identified trials, 17 trials (5823 participants) had relevant outcome data and 10 (5154 participants) contributed to IPD meta-analysis. Three of seven trials contributing to primary eczema analysis were at low risk of bias, and the single trial contributing to primary food allergy analysis was at high risk of bias. Interventions were mainly emollients, applied for the first 3-12 months. Skincare interventions probably do not change risk of eczema by age 1-3 years (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.81, 1.31; I2 =41%; moderate certainty; 3075 participants, 7 trials). Sensitivity analysis found heterogeneity was explained by increased eczema in a trial of daily bathing as part of the intervention. It is unclear whether skincare interventions increase risk of food allergy by age 1-3 years (RR 2.53, 95% CI 0.99 to 6.47; very low certainty; 996 participants, 1 trial), but they probably increase risk of local skin infections (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02, 1.77; I2 =0%; moderate certainty; 2728 participants, 6 trials). CONCLUSION: Regular emollients during infancy probably do not prevent eczema and probably increase local skin infections.

Published
2021

19. Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18: a modelling study

Author

Sartorius, B, Van der Heide, J, Yang, M, Goosmann, E, Hon, J, Haeuser, E, Cork, M, Perkins, S, Jahagirdar, D, Schaeffer, L, Serfes, A, LeGrand, K, Abbastabar, H, Abebo, Z, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Accrombessi, M, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, M, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, O, Akinyemi, R, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, N, Alamneh, A, Alanzi, T, Alemu, B, Alhassan, R, Ali, T, Alipour, V, Amini, S, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Anteneh, Z, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Asemahagn, M, Jafarabadi, M, Asmare, W, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Ayza, M, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Babar, Z-U-D, Baig, A, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Bekuma, T, Bezabhe, W, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bikbov, B, Birhan, T, Bitew, Z, Bockarie, M, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Briko, A, Briko, N, Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D-T, Cook, A, Cormier, N, Cowden, R, Culquichicon, C, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Daoud, F, Daryani, A, das Neves, J, Weaver, N, Molla, M, Deribe, K, Desta, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Doku, P, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Eagan, A, Earl, L, Eaton, J, Effiong, A, Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elayedath, R, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Fasanmi, A, Fasil, A, Fauk, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Geberemariyam, B, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebremichael, B, Gesesew, H, Getacher, L, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Ginindza, T, Glagn, M, Golechha, M, Gona, P, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guido, D, Guled, R, Hall, B, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, de Hidru, H, Holla, R, Hosgood, H, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Iwu, C, Iyamu, I, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Joshua, V, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kasa, A, Kassahun, G, Kayode, G, Karyani, A, Keiyoro, P, Kelkay, B, Khalid, N, Khan, G, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khazaei, S, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kochhar, S, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, B, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kuupiel, D, Kyu, H, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Lam, J, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Leshargie, C, Li, B, Liu, X, Lopukhov, P, Amin, H, Madi, D, Mahasha, P, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Meheretu, H, Meles, H, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirica, A, Alavijeh, M, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mokonnon, T, Molokhia, M, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Munro, S, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naveed, M, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Nepal, S, Netsere, H, Ngalesoni, F, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nigatu, Y, Nigussie, S, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omer, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Orisakwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Pandi-Perumal, S, Patel, U, Pathak, M, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Peprah, E, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Reta, M, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Ross, J, Rumisha, S, Sagar, R, Sahu, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Samy, A, Sathian, B, Schutte, A, Seidu, A-A, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahbaz, M, Shaikh, M, Shaka, M, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shivakumar, K, Sidemo, N, Singh, J, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Spurlock, E, Sufiyan, M, Taddele, B, Tadesse, E, Tamir, Z, Tamiru, A, Tanser, F, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalegn, Y, Tesfay, F, Tessema, B, Tessema, Z, Thakur, B, Tolani, M, Topor-Madry, R, Torrado, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tsai, A, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umeokonkwo, C, Unnikrishnan, B, Vardavas, C, Violante, F, Vo, B, Wado, Y, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Werdecker, A, Wickramasinghe, N, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yosef, T, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, S, Zaki, L, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zewdie, D, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Sartorius, B, Van der Heide, J, Yang, M, Goosmann, E, Hon, J, Haeuser, E, Cork, M, Perkins, S, Jahagirdar, D, Schaeffer, L, Serfes, A, LeGrand, K, Abbastabar, H, Abebo, Z, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Accrombessi, M, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, M, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, O, Akinyemi, R, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, N, Alamneh, A, Alanzi, T, Alemu, B, Alhassan, R, Ali, T, Alipour, V, Amini, S, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Anteneh, Z, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Asemahagn, M, Jafarabadi, M, Asmare, W, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Ayza, M, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Babar, Z-U-D, Baig, A, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Bekuma, T, Bezabhe, W, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bikbov, B, Birhan, T, Bitew, Z, Bockarie, M, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Briko, A, Briko, N, Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D-T, Cook, A, Cormier, N, Cowden, R, Culquichicon, C, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Daoud, F, Daryani, A, das Neves, J, Weaver, N, Molla, M, Deribe, K, Desta, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Doku, P, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Eagan, A, Earl, L, Eaton, J, Effiong, A, Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elayedath, R, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Fasanmi, A, Fasil, A, Fauk, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Geberemariyam, B, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebremichael, B, Gesesew, H, Getacher, L, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Ginindza, T, Glagn, M, Golechha, M, Gona, P, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guido, D, Guled, R, Hall, B, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, de Hidru, H, Holla, R, Hosgood, H, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Iwu, C, Iyamu, I, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Joshua, V, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kasa, A, Kassahun, G, Kayode, G, Karyani, A, Keiyoro, P, Kelkay, B, Khalid, N, Khan, G, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khazaei, S, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kochhar, S, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, B, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kuupiel, D, Kyu, H, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Lam, J, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Leshargie, C, Li, B, Liu, X, Lopukhov, P, Amin, H, Madi, D, Mahasha, P, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Meheretu, H, Meles, H, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirica, A, Alavijeh, M, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mokonnon, T, Molokhia, M, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Munro, S, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naveed, M, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Nepal, S, Netsere, H, Ngalesoni, F, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nigatu, Y, Nigussie, S, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omer, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Orisakwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Pandi-Perumal, S, Patel, U, Pathak, M, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Peprah, E, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Reta, M, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Ross, J, Rumisha, S, Sagar, R, Sahu, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Samy, A, Sathian, B, Schutte, A, Seidu, A-A, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahbaz, M, Shaikh, M, Shaka, M, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shivakumar, K, Sidemo, N, Singh, J, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Spurlock, E, Sufiyan, M, Taddele, B, Tadesse, E, Tamir, Z, Tamiru, A, Tanser, F, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalegn, Y, Tesfay, F, Tessema, B, Tessema, Z, Thakur, B, Tolani, M, Topor-Madry, R, Torrado, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tsai, A, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umeokonkwo, C, Unnikrishnan, B, Vardavas, C, Violante, F, Vo, B, Wado, Y, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Werdecker, A, Wickramasinghe, N, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yosef, T, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, S, Zaki, L, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zewdie, D, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, and Dwyer-Lindgren, L

Abstract

BACKGROUND: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000-18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. FINDINGS: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1-3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4-1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7-0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6-888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique

Published
2021

20. Tralokinumab for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from two 52-week, randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase III trials (ECZTRA 1 and ECZTRA 2)

Author

Wollenberg, A., Blauvelt, A., Guttman-Yassky, E., Worm, M., Lynde, C., Lacour, J. -P., Spelman, L., Katoh, N., Saeki, H., Poulin, Y., Lesiak, A., Kircik, L., Cho, S. H., Herranz, P., Cork, M. J., Peris, K., Steffensen, L. A., Bang, B., Kuznetsova, A., Jensen, T. N., Osterdal, M. L., Simpson, E. L., Peris K. (ORCID:0000-0002-5237-0463), Wollenberg, A., Blauvelt, A., Guttman-Yassky, E., Worm, M., Lynde, C., Lacour, J. -P., Spelman, L., Katoh, N., Saeki, H., Poulin, Y., Lesiak, A., Kircik, L., Cho, S. H., Herranz, P., Cork, M. J., Peris, K., Steffensen, L. A., Bang, B., Kuznetsova, A., Jensen, T. N., Osterdal, M. L., Simpson, E. L., and Peris K. (ORCID:0000-0002-5237-0463)

Abstract

Background: Tralokinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, specifically neutralizes interleukin-13, a key cytokine driving peripheral inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). In phase II studies, tralokinumab combined with topical corticosteroids provided early and sustained improvements in AD signs and symptoms. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab monotherapy in adults with moderate-to-severe AD who had an inadequate response to topical treatments. Methods: In two 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trials, ECZTRA 1 and ECZTRA 2, adults with moderate-to-severe AD were randomized (3 : 1) to subcutaneous tralokinumab 300 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or placebo. Primary endpoints were Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) score of 0 or 1 at week 16 and ≥ 75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI 75) at week 16. Patients achieving an IGA score of 0 or 1 and/or EASI 75 with tralokinumab at week 16 were rerandomized to tralokinumab Q2W or every 4 weeks or placebo, for 36 weeks. The trials were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03131648 and NCT03160885. Results: At week 16, more patients who received tralokinumab vs. placebo achieved an IGA score of 0 or 1: 15·8% vs. 7·1% in ECZTRA 1 [difference 8·6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4·1–13·1; P = 0·002] and 22·2% vs. 10·9% in ECZTRA 2 (11·1%, 95% CI 5·8–16·4; P < 0·001) and EASI 75: 25·0% vs. 12·7% (12·1%, 95% CI 6·5–17·7; P < 0·001) and 33·2% vs. 11·4% (21·6%, 95% CI 15·8–27·3; P < 0·001). Early improvements in pruritus, sleep interference, Dermatology Life Quality Index, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis and Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure were observed from the first postbaseline measurements. The majority of week 16 tralokinumab responders maintained response at week 52 with continued tralokinumab treatment without any rescue medication (including topical corticosteroids). Adverse

Published
2021

21. European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis: position on vaccination of adult patients with atopic dermatitis against COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) being treated with systemic medication and biologics

Author

MS Dermatologie/Allergologie, Infection & Immunity, Thyssen, J P, Vestergaard, C, Barbarot, S, de Bruin-Weller, M S, Bieber, T, Taieb, A, Seneschal, J, Cork, M J, Paul, C, Flohr, C, Weidinger, S, Trzeciak, M, Werfel, T, Heratizadeh, A, Darsow, U, Simon, D, Torrelo, A, Chernyshov, P V, Stalder, J-F, Gelmetti, C, Szalai, Z, Svensson, Å, von Kobyletzki, L B, De Raeve, L, Fölster-Holst, R, Christen-Zaech, S, Hijnen, D J, Gieler, U, Gutermuth, J, Bangert, C, Spuls, P I, Kunz, B, Ring, J, Wollenberg, A, Deleuran, M, MS Dermatologie/Allergologie, Infection & Immunity, Thyssen, J P, Vestergaard, C, Barbarot, S, de Bruin-Weller, M S, Bieber, T, Taieb, A, Seneschal, J, Cork, M J, Paul, C, Flohr, C, Weidinger, S, Trzeciak, M, Werfel, T, Heratizadeh, A, Darsow, U, Simon, D, Torrelo, A, Chernyshov, P V, Stalder, J-F, Gelmetti, C, Szalai, Z, Svensson, Å, von Kobyletzki, L B, De Raeve, L, Fölster-Holst, R, Christen-Zaech, S, Hijnen, D J, Gieler, U, Gutermuth, J, Bangert, C, Spuls, P I, Kunz, B, Ring, J, Wollenberg, A, and Deleuran, M

Published
2021

22. Risk of severe allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines among patients with allergic skin diseases – practical recommendations. A position statement of ETFAD with external experts

Author

Ring, J., primary, Worm, M., additional, Wollenberg, A., additional, Thyssen, J.P., additional, Jakob, T., additional, Klimek, L., additional, Bangert, C., additional, Barbarot, S., additional, Bieber, T., additional, Bruin‐Weller, M.S., additional, Chernyshov, P.V., additional, Christen‐Zaech, S., additional, Cork, M., additional, Darsow, U., additional, Flohr, C., additional, Fölster‐Holst, R., additional, Gelmetti, C., additional, Gieler, U., additional, Gutermuth, J., additional, Heratizadeh, A., additional, Hijnen, D.J., additional, Kobyletzki, L.B., additional, Kunz, B., additional, Paul, C., additional, De Raeve, L., additional, Seneschal, J., additional, Simon, D., additional, Spuls, P.I., additional, Stalder, J.F., additional, Svensson, A., additional, Szalai, Z., additional, Taieb, A., additional, Torrelo, A., additional, Trzeciak, M., additional, Vestergaard, C., additional, Werfel, T., additional, Weidinger, S., additional, and Deleuran, M., additional

Published
2021
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37. Randomized controlled pilot trial with ion‐exchange water softeners to prevent eczema (SOFTER trial).

Author

Jabbar‐Lopez, Z. K., Ezzamouri, B., Briley, A., Greenblatt, D., Gurung, N., Chalmers, J. R., Thomas, K. S., Frost, T., Kezic, S., Common, J. E. A., Danby, S., Cork, M. J., Peacock, J. L., and Flohr, C.

Subjects
RANDOMIZED controlled trials, ION exchange (Chemistry), WATER softening, WATER hardness, ECZEMA
Abstract

Background: Observational studies suggest an increased risk of eczema in children living in hard versus soft water areas, and there is, therefore, an interest in knowing whether softening water may prevent eczema. We evaluated the feasibility of a parallel‐group assessor‐blinded pilot randomized controlled trial to test whether installing a domestic ion‐exchange water softener before birth in hard water areas reduces the risk of eczema in infants with a family history of atopy. Methods: Pregnant women living in hard water areas (>250 mg/L calcium carbonate) in and around London UK, were randomized 1:1 antenatally to either have an ion‐exchange water softener installed in their home or not (ie to continue to receive usual domestic hard water). Infants were assessed at birth and followed up for 6 months. The main end‐points were around feasibility, the primary end‐point being the proportion of eligible families screened who were willing and able to be randomized. Clinical end‐points were evaluated including frequency of parent‐reported doctor‐diagnosed eczema and visible eczema on skin examination. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and no statistical testing was performed as this was a pilot study. Results: One hundred and forty‐nine families screened were eligible antenatally and 28% (41/149) could not have a water softener installed due to technical reasons or lack of landlord approval. Eighty of 149 (54%) were randomized, the primary end‐point. Two participants withdrew immediately after randomization, leaving 39 participants in each arm (78 total). Attrition was 15% (12/78) by 6 months postpartum. All respondents (n = 69) to the study acceptability questionnaire reported that the study was acceptable. Fifty‐six of 708 (7.9%) water samples in the water softener arm were above the hard water threshold of 20 mg/L CaCO3. At 6 months of age 27/67 infants (40%) developed visible eczema, 12/36 (33%) vs. 15/31 (48%) in the water softener and control groups, respectively, difference −15% (95% CI −38, 8.3%), with most assessments (≥96%) remaining blinded. Similarly, a lower proportion of infants in the water softener arm had parent‐reported, doctor‐diagnosed eczema by 6 months compared to the control arm, 6/17 (35%) versus 9/19 (47%), difference −12% (95% CI −44, 20%). Conclusion: A randomized controlled trial of water softeners for the prevention of atopic eczema in high‐risk infants is feasible and acceptable. Trial registration: NCT03270566 (clinicaltrials.gov) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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38. Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Author

Kinyoki D, Osgood-Zimmerman A, Pickering B, Schaeffer L, Marczak L, Lazzar-Atwood A, Collison M, Henry N, Abebe Z, Adamu A, Adekanmbi V, Ahmadi K, Ajumobi O, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Raddadi R, Alahdab F, Alijanzadeh M, Alipour V, Altirkawi K, Amini S, Andrei C, Antonio C, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Atique S, Ausloos M, Avila M, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Azari S, Badawi A, Barnighausen T, Bassat Q, Baye K, Bedi N, Bekele B, Bell M, Bhattacharjee N, Bhattacharyya K, Bhattarai S, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Bikbov B, Briko A, Britton G, Burstein R, Butt Z, Car J, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Castro F, Cerin E, Chipeta M, Chu D, Cork M, Cromwell E, Cuevas-Nasu L, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daoud F, Das Gupta R, Weaver N, De Leo D, De Neve J, Deribe K, Desalegn B, Deshpande A, Desta M, Diaz D, Dinberu M, Doku D, Dubey M, Duraes A, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Earl L, Effiong A, Zaki M, El Tantawi M, El-Khatib Z, Eshrati B, Fareed M, Faro A, Fereshtehnejad S, Filip I, Fischer F, Foigt N, Folayan M, Fukumoto T, Gebrehiwot T, Gezae K, Ghajar A, Gill P, Gona P, Gopalani S, Grada A, Guo Y, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hall J, Hamidi S, Henok A, Prado B, Herrero M, Herteliu C, Hoang C, Hole M, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hu G, Islam S, Jakovljevic M, Jha R, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Kahsay A, Kanchan T, Karami M, Kasaeian A, Khader Y, Khan E, Khater M, Kim Y, Kimokoti R, Kisa A, Kochhar S, Kosen S, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Defo B, Kumar G, Kumar M, Lad S, Lami F, Lee P, Levine A, Li S, Linn S, Lodha R, Abd El Razek H, Abd El Razek M, Majdan M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mamun A, Mansournia M, Martins-Melo F, Masaka A, Massenburg B, Mayala B, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Melku M, Mendoza W, Mensah G, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Mini G, Mirrakhimov E, Moazen B, Darwesh A, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Moodley Y, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morrison S, Mosser J, Mousavi S, Mueller U, Murray C, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Naghavi M, Najafi F, Nangia V, Ndwandwe D, Negoi I, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen H, Nguyen L, Nguyen S, Nie J, Nnaji C, Noubiap J, Shiadeh M, Nyasulu P, Ogbo F, Olagunju A, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ortiz-Panozo E, Otstavnov S, Mahesh P, Pana A, Pandey A, Pati S, Patil S, Patton G, Perico N, Pigott D, Pirsaheb M, Piwoz E, Postma M, Pourshams A, Prakash S, Quintana H, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rai R, Rajati F, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Rawat R, Remuzzi G, Renzaho A, Rios-Gonzalez C, Roever L, Ross J, Rostami A, Sadat N, Safari Y, Safdarian M, Sahebkar A, Salam N, Salamati P, Salimi Y, Salimzadeh H, Samy A, Sartorius B, Sathian B, Schipp M, Schwebel D, Senbeta A, Sepanlou S, Shaikh M, Levy T, Shamsi M, Sharafi K, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Shil A, Silva D, Singh J, Sinha D, Soofi M, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan M, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tadesse B, Temsah M, Terkawi A, Tessema Z, Thorne-Lyman A, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Tran K, Ullah I, Uthman O, Vaezghasemi M, Vaezi A, Valdez P, Vanderheide J, Veisani Y, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vu G, Vu L, Waheed Y, Walson J, Wang Y, Wangia E, Werdecker A, Xu G, Yamada T, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Younis M, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zhang Y, Kassebaum N, Hay S, Local Burden Dis Child Growth Fail, Public Health, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Kinyoki, Damaris K, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E, Pickering, Brandon V, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Yisma, Engida, Hay, Simon I, Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators, Kinyoki D.K., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Pickering B.V., Schaeffer L.E., Marczak L.B., Lazzar-Atwood A., Collison M.L., Henry N.J., Abebe Z., Adamu A.A., Adekanmbi V., Ahmadi K., Ajumobi O., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alahdab F., Alijanzadeh M., Alipour V., Altirkawi K., Amini S., Andrei C.L., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila M., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Azari S., Badawi A., Barnighausen T.W., Bassat Q., Baye K., Bedi N., Bekele B.B., Bell M.L., Bhattacharjee N.V., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bikbov B., Briko A.N., Britton G., Burstein R., Butt Z.A., Car J., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cerin E., Chipeta M.G., Chu D.-T., Cork M.A., Cromwell E.A., Cuevas-Nasu L., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daoud F., Gupta R.D., Weaver N.D., Leo D.D., Neve J.-W.D., Deribe K., Desalegn B.B., Deshpande A., Desta M., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Duraes A.R., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Earl L., Effiong A., Zaki M.E.S., Tantawi M.E., El-Khatib Z., Eshrati B., Fareed M., Faro A., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fukumoto T., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gezae K.E., Ghajar A., Gill P.S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Grada A., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall J.B., Hamidi S., Henok A., Prado B.H., Herrero M., Herteliu C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hu G., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Jha R.P., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Kahsay A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khater M.M., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kochhar S., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Defo B.K., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Lad S.D., Lami F.H., Lee P.H., Levine A.J., Li S., Linn S., Lodha R., El Razek H.M.A., Abd El Razek M.M., Majdan M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Melku M., Mendoza W., Mensah G.A., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Darwesh A.M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Moodley Y., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Mueller U.O., Murray C.J.L., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Naghavi M., Najafi F., Nangia V., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen L.H., Nguyen S.H., Nie J., Nnaji C.A., Noubiap J.J., Shiadeh M.N., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ortiz-Panozo E., Otstavnov S.S., P. A M., Pana A., Pandey A., Pati S., Patil S.T., Patton G.C., Perico N., Pigott D.M., Pirsaheb M., Piwoz E.G., Postma M.J., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Quintana H., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rai R.K., Rajati F., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawat R., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N., Rios-Gonzalez C., Roever L., Ross J.M., Rostami A., Sadat N., Safari Y., Safdarian M., Sahebkar A., Salam N., Salamati P., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Schipp M.F., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Sepanlou S.G., Shaikh M.A., Levy T.S., Shamsi M., Sharafi K., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Shil A., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Soofi M., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadesse B.T., Temsah M.-H., Terkawi A.S., Tessema Z.T., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Uthman O.A., Vaezghasemi M., Vaezi A., Valdez P.R., Vanderheide J., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vu G.T., Vu L.G., Waheed Y., Walson J.L., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangia E.N., Werdecker A., Xu G., Yamada T., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zhang Y., Kassebaum N.J., and Hay S.I.

Subjects
Time Factors, Developmental Disabilities, Psychological intervention, Distribution (economics), 0302 clinical medicine, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Signs and symptoms, Wasting, Children, Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Under-five, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, A900 Others in Medicine and Dentistry, 3. Good health, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Geography, Child, Preschool, Science & Technology - Other Topics, HEALTH, Underweight, medicine.symptom, social sciences, Infants, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, General Science & Technology, RJ, Developing country, Nutritional Status, World Health Organization, Child Nutrition Disorders, Article, Social sciences, Malnutrició, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, Environmental health, medicine, Mortalitat, Humans, Mortality, Developing Countries, Science & Technology, business.industry, Public health, MORTALITY, Body Weight, Malnutrition, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child growth failure, medicine.disease, signs and symptoms, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Risk factors, WEIGHT, business, RA, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that are adapted locally and in efficiently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its health implications., High-resolution subnational mapping of child growth failure indicators for 105 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 shows that, despite considerable progress, substantial geographical inequalities still exist in some countries.

Published
2020

47. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (JADE MONO-1): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Author

Simpson, EL, Sinclair, R, Forman, S, Wollenberg, A, Aschoff, R, Cork, M, Bieber, T, Thyssen, JP, Yosipovitch, G, Flohr, C, Magnolo, N, Maari, C, Feeney, C, Biswas, P, Tatulych, S, Valdez, H, Rojo, R, Simpson, EL, Sinclair, R, Forman, S, Wollenberg, A, Aschoff, R, Cork, M, Bieber, T, Thyssen, JP, Yosipovitch, G, Flohr, C, Magnolo, N, Maari, C, Feeney, C, Biswas, P, Tatulych, S, Valdez, H, and Rojo, R

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Abrocitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, was effective and well tolerated in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in a phase 2b trial. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of abrocitinib monotherapy in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. METHODS: In this multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial (JADE MONO-1), patients (aged ≥12 years) with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (Investigator Global Assessment score ≥3, Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI] score ≥16, percentage of body surface area affected ≥10%, and Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale score ≥4) with a bodyweight of 40 kg or more, were enrolled at 69 sites in Australia, Canada, Europe, and the USA. Patients were randomly assigned (2:2:1) to oral abrocitinib 100 mg, abrocitinib 200 mg, or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Randomisation was done using an interactive response technology system, stratified by baseline disease severity and age. Patients, investigators, and the funder of the study were masked to study treatment. The coprimary endpoints were the proportion of patients who had achieved an Investigator Global Assessment response (score of 0 [clear] or 1 [almost clear] with a ≥2-grade improvement from baseline), and the proportion of patients who achieved at least a 75% improvement in EASI score from baseline (EASI-75) score, both assessed at week 12. Efficacy was assessed in the full analysis set, which included all randomised patients who received at least one dose of study medication. Safety was assessed in all randomised patients. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03349060. FINDINGS: Between Dec 7, 2017, and March 26, 2019, 387 patients were enrolled: 156 were assigned to abrocitinib 100 mg, 154 to abrocitinib 200 mg, and 77 to placebo. All enrolled patients received at least one dose of study treatment and thus were evaluable for 12-week efficacy. Of the patients with available data fo

Published
2020

48. Skincare interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy

Author

Kelleher, MM, Cro, S, Cornelius, V, Axon, E, Lodrup Carlsen, KC, Skjerven, HO, Rehbinder, EM, Lowe, A, Dissanayake, E, Shimojo, N, Yonezawa, K, Ohya, Y, Yamamoto-Hanada, K, Morita, K, Surber, C, Cork, M, Cooke, A, Tran, L, Askie, LM, Duley, L, Chalmers, JR, Williams, HC, Boyle, RJ, Kelleher, MM, Cro, S, Cornelius, V, Axon, E, Lodrup Carlsen, KC, Skjerven, HO, Rehbinder, EM, Lowe, A, Dissanayake, E, Shimojo, N, Yonezawa, K, Ohya, Y, Yamamoto-Hanada, K, Morita, K, Surber, C, Cork, M, Cooke, A, Tran, L, Askie, LM, Duley, L, Chalmers, JR, Williams, HC, and Boyle, RJ

Published
2020

49. Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Author

Kinyoki, D. K., Osgood-Zimmerman, A. E., Pickering, B. V., Schaeffer, L. E., Marczak, L. B., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Collison, M. L., Henry, N. J., Abebe, Z., Adamu, A. A., Adekanmbi, V., Ahmadi, K., Ajumobi, O., Al-Eyadhy, A., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Alahdab, F., Alijanzadeh, M., Alipour, V., Altirkawi, K., Amini, S., Andrei, C. L., Antonio, C. A. T., Arabloo, J., Aremu, O., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Avila, M., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Azari, S., Badawi, A., Bärnighausen, T. W., Bassat, Q., Baye, K., Bedi, N., Bekele, B. B., Bell, M. L., Bhattacharjee, N. V., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Biadgo, B., Bikbov, B., Briko, A. N., Britton, G., Burstein, R., Butt, Z. A., Car, J., Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A., Castro, F., Cerin, E., Chipeta, M. G., Chu, D. -T, Cork, M. A., Cromwell, E. A., Cuevas-Nasu, L., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daoud, F., Gupta, R. D., Weaver, N. D., Leo, D. D., Neve, J. -WD., Deribe, K., Desalegn, B. B., Deshpande, A., Desta, M., Diaz, D., Dinberu, M. T., Doku, D. T., Dubey, M., Durães, A. R., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Earl, L., Effiong, A., Zaki, M. E. S., Tantawi, M. E., El-Khatib, Z., Eshrati, B., Fareed, M., Faro, A., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Filip, I., Fischer, F., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fukumoto, T., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Gezae, K. E., Ghajar, A., Gill, P. S., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Grada, A., Guo, Y., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, J. B., Hamidi, S., Henok, A., Prado, B. H., Herrero, M., Herteliu, C., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hu, G., Islam, S. M. S., Jakovljevic, M., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Jozwiak, J. J., Kahsay, A., Kanchan, T., Karami, M., Kasaeian, A., Khader, Y. S., Khan, E. A., Khater, M. M., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kochhar, S., Kosen, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Defo, B. K., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Lad, S. D., Lami, F. H., Lee, P. H., Levine, A. J., Li, S., Linn, S., Lodha, R., El Razek, H. M. A., Abd El Razek, M. M., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Mansournia, M. A., Martins-Melo, F. R., Masaka, A., Massenburg, B. B., Mayala, B. K., Mejia-Rodriguez, F., Melku, M., Mendoza, W., Mensah, G. A., Miazgowski, T., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Moazen, B., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Moodley, Y., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moraga, P., Morrison, S. D., Mosser, J. F., Mousavi, S. M., Mueller, U. O., Murray, C. J. L., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Naghavi, M., Najafi, F., Nangia, V., Ndwandwe, D. E., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, S. H., Nie, J., Nnaji, C. A., Noubiap, J. J., Shiadeh, M. N., Nyasulu, P. S., Ogbo, F. A., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Ortiz-Panozo, E., Otstavnov, S. S., P. A, M., Pana, A., Pandey, A., Pati, S., Patil, S. T., Patton, G. C., Perico, N., Pigott, D. M., Pirsaheb, M., Piwoz, E. G., Postma, M. J., Pourshams, A., Prakash, S., Quintana, H., Radfar, A., Rafiei, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rai, R. K., Rajati, F., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawat, R., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rios-González, C., Roever, L., Ross, J. M., Rostami, A., Sadat, N., Safari, Y., Safdarian, M., Sahebkar, A., Salam, N., Salamati, P., Salimi, Y., Salimzadeh, H., Samy, A. M., Sartorius, B., Sathian, B., Schipp, M. F., Schwebel, D. C., Senbeta, A. M., Sepanlou, S. G., Shaikh, M. A., Levy, T. S., Shamsi, M., Sharafi, K., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A., Shil, A., Silva, D. A. S., Singh, J. A., Sinha, D. N., Soofi, M., Sudaryanto, A., Sufiyan, M. B., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tadesse, B. T., Temsah, M. -H, Terkawi, A. S., Tessema, Z. T., Thorne-Lyman, A. L., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tran, B. X., Tran, K. B., Ullah, I., Uthman, O. A., Vaezghasemi, M., Vaezi, A., Valdez, P. R., Vanderheide, J., Veisani, Y., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vu, G. T., Vu, L. G., Waheed, Y., Walson, J. L., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. -P, Wangia, E. N., Werdecker, A., Xu, G., Yamada, T., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefifard, M., Yu, C., Zaman, S. B., Zamani, M., Zhang, Y., Kassebaum, N. J., Hay, S. I., Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure, Kinyoki, D. K., Osgood-Zimmerman, A. E., Pickering, B. V., Schaeffer, L. E., Marczak, L. B., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Collison, M. L., Henry, N. J., Abebe, Z., Adamu, A. A., Adekanmbi, V., Ahmadi, K., Ajumobi, O., Al-Eyadhy, A., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Alahdab, F., Alijanzadeh, M., Alipour, V., Altirkawi, K., Amini, S., Andrei, C. L., Antonio, C. A. T., Arabloo, J., Aremu, O., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Avila, M., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Azari, S., Badawi, A., Bärnighausen, T. W., Bassat, Q., Baye, K., Bedi, N., Bekele, B. B., Bell, M. L., Bhattacharjee, N. V., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Biadgo, B., Bikbov, B., Briko, A. N., Britton, G., Burstein, R., Butt, Z. A., Car, J., Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A., Castro, F., Cerin, E., Chipeta, M. G., Chu, D. -T, Cork, M. A., Cromwell, E. A., Cuevas-Nasu, L., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daoud, F., Gupta, R. D., Weaver, N. D., Leo, D. D., Neve, J. -WD., Deribe, K., Desalegn, B. B., Deshpande, A., Desta, M., Diaz, D., Dinberu, M. T., Doku, D. T., Dubey, M., Durães, A. R., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Earl, L., Effiong, A., Zaki, M. E. S., Tantawi, M. E., El-Khatib, Z., Eshrati, B., Fareed, M., Faro, A., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Filip, I., Fischer, F., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fukumoto, T., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Gezae, K. E., Ghajar, A., Gill, P. S., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Grada, A., Guo, Y., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, J. B., Hamidi, S., Henok, A., Prado, B. H., Herrero, M., Herteliu, C., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hu, G., Islam, S. M. S., Jakovljevic, M., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Jozwiak, J. J., Kahsay, A., Kanchan, T., Karami, M., Kasaeian, A., Khader, Y. S., Khan, E. A., Khater, M. M., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kochhar, S., Kosen, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Defo, B. K., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Lad, S. D., Lami, F. H., Lee, P. H., Levine, A. J., Li, S., Linn, S., Lodha, R., El Razek, H. M. A., Abd El Razek, M. M., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Mansournia, M. A., Martins-Melo, F. R., Masaka, A., Massenburg, B. B., Mayala, B. K., Mejia-Rodriguez, F., Melku, M., Mendoza, W., Mensah, G. A., Miazgowski, T., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Moazen, B., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Moodley, Y., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moraga, P., Morrison, S. D., Mosser, J. F., Mousavi, S. M., Mueller, U. O., Murray, C. J. L., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Naghavi, M., Najafi, F., Nangia, V., Ndwandwe, D. E., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nguyen, L. H., Nguyen, S. H., Nie, J., Nnaji, C. A., Noubiap, J. J., Shiadeh, M. N., Nyasulu, P. S., Ogbo, F. A., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Ortiz-Panozo, E., Otstavnov, S. S., P. A, M., Pana, A., Pandey, A., Pati, S., Patil, S. T., Patton, G. C., Perico, N., Pigott, D. M., Pirsaheb, M., Piwoz, E. G., Postma, M. J., Pourshams, A., Prakash, S., Quintana, H., Radfar, A., Rafiei, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rai, R. K., Rajati, F., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawat, R., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rios-González, C., Roever, L., Ross, J. M., Rostami, A., Sadat, N., Safari, Y., Safdarian, M., Sahebkar, A., Salam, N., Salamati, P., Salimi, Y., Salimzadeh, H., Samy, A. M., Sartorius, B., Sathian, B., Schipp, M. F., Schwebel, D. C., Senbeta, A. M., Sepanlou, S. G., Shaikh, M. A., Levy, T. S., Shamsi, M., Sharafi, K., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A., Shil, A., Silva, D. A. S., Singh, J. A., Sinha, D. N., Soofi, M., Sudaryanto, A., Sufiyan, M. B., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tadesse, B. T., Temsah, M. -H, Terkawi, A. S., Tessema, Z. T., Thorne-Lyman, A. L., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tran, B. X., Tran, K. B., Ullah, I., Uthman, O. A., Vaezghasemi, M., Vaezi, A., Valdez, P. R., Vanderheide, J., Veisani, Y., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vu, G. T., Vu, L. G., Waheed, Y., Walson, J. L., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. -P, Wangia, E. N., Werdecker, A., Xu, G., Yamada, T., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefifard, M., Yu, C., Zaman, S. B., Zamani, M., Zhang, Y., Kassebaum, N. J., Hay, S. I., and Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure

Abstract

Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas e

Published
2020
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50. Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries

Author

Graetz, N., Woyczynski, L., Wilson, K. F., Hall, J. B., Abate, K. H., Abd-Allah, F., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Afshari, M., Ajumobi, O., Akinyemiju, T., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Rabanal, J. E. A., Alijanzadeh, M., Alipour, V., Altirkawi, K., Amiresmaili, M., Anber, N. H., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C. A. T., Arabloo, J., Aremu, O., Aryal, K. K., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Azari, S., Badawi, A., Banoub, J. A. M., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnett, A., Bedi, N., Bennett, D. A., Bhattacharjee, N. V., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Britton, G., Burstein, R., Butt, Z. A., Cárdenas, R., Carvalho, F., Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A., Castro, F., Cerin, E., Chang, J. -C, Collison, M. L., Cooper, C., Cork, M. A., Daoud, F., Das Gupta, R., Weaver, N. D., De Neve, J. -W, Deribe, K., Desalegn, B. B., Deshpande, A., Desta, M., Dhimal, M., Diaz, D., Dinberu, M. T., Djalalinia, S., Dubey, M., Dubljanin, E., Durães, A. R., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Earl, L., Kalan, M. E., El-Khatib, Z., Eshrati, B., Faramarzi, M., Fareed, M., Faro, A., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Fernandes, E., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fukumoto, T., García, J. A., Gill, P. S., Gill, T. K., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Grada, A., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gupta, V., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hasan, M., Hassen, H. Y., Hendrie, D., Henok, A., Henry, N. J., Prado, B. H., Herteliu, C., Hole, M. K., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hu, G., Ilesanmi, O. S., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, S. M. S., Izadi, N., Jakovljevic, M., Jha, R. P., Ji, J. S., Jonas, J. B., Shushtari, Z. J., Jozwiak, J. J., Kanchan, T., Kasaeian, A., Karyani, A. K., Keiyoro, P. N., Kesavachandran, C. N., Khader, Y. S., Khafaie, M. A., Khan, E. A., Khater, M. M., Kiadaliri, A. A., Kiirithio, D. N., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kinyoki, D. K., Kisa, A., Kosen, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Defo, B. K., Kumar, M., Kumar, P., Lami, F. H., Lee, P. H., Levine, A. J., Li, S., Liao, Y., Lim, L. -L, Listl, S., Lopez, J. C. F., Majdan, M., Majdzadeh, R., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Mansournia, M. A., Martins-Melo, F. R., Masaka, A., Massenburg, B. B., Mayala, B. K., Mehta, K. M., Mendoza, W., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moosazadeh, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morrison, S. D., Mosser, J. F., Mousavi, S. M., Murray, C. J. L., Mustafa, G., Nahvijou, A., Najafi, F., Nangia, V., Ndwandwe, D. E., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, L. H., Ningrum, D. N. A., Noubiap, J. J., Shiadeh, M. N., Nyasulu, P. S., Ogbo, F. A., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. D. V., Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo, Øverland, S., P. A, M., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pati, S., Patton, G. C., Perico, N., Pigott, D. M., Pirsaheb, M., Postma, M. J., Pourshams, A., Prakash, S., Puri, P., Qorbani, M., Radfar, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M. H. U., Rajati, F., Ranabhat, C. L., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reiner, R.C., Jr, Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, S., Rezapour, A., Rios-González, C., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Rostami, A., Rubagotti, E., Sadat, N., Sadeghi, E., Safari, Y., Sagar, R., Salam, N., Salamati, P., Salimi, Y., Salimzadeh, H., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sartorius, B., Sathian, B., Sawant, A. R., Schaeffer, L. E., Schipp, M. F., Schwebel, D. C., Senbeta, A. M., Sepanlou, S. G., Shaikh, M. A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharafi, K., Sharma, R., She, J., Sheikh, A., Shigematsu, M., Siabani, S., Silveira, D. G. A., Singh, J. A., Sinha, D. N., Skirbekk, V., Sligar, A., Sobaih, B. H., Soofi, M., Soriano, J. B., Soyiri, I. N., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Sudaryanto, A., Babale Sufiyan, M., Sutradhar, I., Sylaja, P., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tadesse, B. T., Temsah, M. -H, Terkawi, A. S., Tessema, B., Tessema, Z. T., Thankappan, K. R., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tran, B. X., Car, L. T., Ullah, I., Uthman, O. A., Valdez, P. R., Veisani, Y., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vollmer, S., Thu Vu, G., Waheed, Y., Wang, Y. -P, Wilkinson, J. C., Winkler, A. S., Wolfe, C. D. A., Yamada, T., Yeshaneh, A., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefifard, M., Yu, C., Bin Zaman, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zodpey, S., Gakidou, E., Hay, S. I., Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Educational Attainment, Graetz, N., Woyczynski, L., Wilson, K. F., Hall, J. B., Abate, K. H., Abd-Allah, F., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Afshari, M., Ajumobi, O., Akinyemiju, T., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Rabanal, J. E. A., Alijanzadeh, M., Alipour, V., Altirkawi, K., Amiresmaili, M., Anber, N. H., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C. A. T., Arabloo, J., Aremu, O., Aryal, K. K., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Azari, S., Badawi, A., Banoub, J. A. M., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnett, A., Bedi, N., Bennett, D. A., Bhattacharjee, N. V., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Britton, G., Burstein, R., Butt, Z. A., Cárdenas, R., Carvalho, F., Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A., Castro, F., Cerin, E., Chang, J. -C, Collison, M. L., Cooper, C., Cork, M. A., Daoud, F., Das Gupta, R., Weaver, N. D., De Neve, J. -W, Deribe, K., Desalegn, B. B., Deshpande, A., Desta, M., Dhimal, M., Diaz, D., Dinberu, M. T., Djalalinia, S., Dubey, M., Dubljanin, E., Durães, A. R., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Earl, L., Kalan, M. E., El-Khatib, Z., Eshrati, B., Faramarzi, M., Fareed, M., Faro, A., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Fernandes, E., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fukumoto, T., García, J. A., Gill, P. S., Gill, T. K., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Grada, A., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gupta, V., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hasan, M., Hassen, H. Y., Hendrie, D., Henok, A., Henry, N. J., Prado, B. H., Herteliu, C., Hole, M. K., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hu, G., Ilesanmi, O. S., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, S. M. S., Izadi, N., Jakovljevic, M., Jha, R. P., Ji, J. S., Jonas, J. B., Shushtari, Z. J., Jozwiak, J. J., Kanchan, T., Kasaeian, A., Karyani, A. K., Keiyoro, P. N., Kesavachandran, C. N., Khader, Y. S., Khafaie, M. A., Khan, E. A., Khater, M. M., Kiadaliri, A. A., Kiirithio, D. N., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kinyoki, D. K., Kisa, A., Kosen, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Defo, B. K., Kumar, M., Kumar, P., Lami, F. H., Lee, P. H., Levine, A. J., Li, S., Liao, Y., Lim, L. -L, Listl, S., Lopez, J. C. F., Majdan, M., Majdzadeh, R., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Mansournia, M. A., Martins-Melo, F. R., Masaka, A., Massenburg, B. B., Mayala, B. K., Mehta, K. M., Mendoza, W., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moosazadeh, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morrison, S. D., Mosser, J. F., Mousavi, S. M., Murray, C. J. L., Mustafa, G., Nahvijou, A., Najafi, F., Nangia, V., Ndwandwe, D. E., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, L. H., Ningrum, D. N. A., Noubiap, J. J., Shiadeh, M. N., Nyasulu, P. S., Ogbo, F. A., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. D. V., Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo, Øverland, S., P. A, M., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pati, S., Patton, G. C., Perico, N., Pigott, D. M., Pirsaheb, M., Postma, M. J., Pourshams, A., Prakash, S., Puri, P., Qorbani, M., Radfar, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M. H. U., Rajati, F., Ranabhat, C. L., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reiner, R.C., Jr, Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, S., Rezapour, A., Rios-González, C., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Rostami, A., Rubagotti, E., Sadat, N., Sadeghi, E., Safari, Y., Sagar, R., Salam, N., Salamati, P., Salimi, Y., Salimzadeh, H., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sartorius, B., Sathian, B., Sawant, A. R., Schaeffer, L. E., Schipp, M. F., Schwebel, D. C., Senbeta, A. M., Sepanlou, S. G., Shaikh, M. A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharafi, K., Sharma, R., She, J., Sheikh, A., Shigematsu, M., Siabani, S., Silveira, D. G. A., Singh, J. A., Sinha, D. N., Skirbekk, V., Sligar, A., Sobaih, B. H., Soofi, M., Soriano, J. B., Soyiri, I. N., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Sudaryanto, A., Babale Sufiyan, M., Sutradhar, I., Sylaja, P., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tadesse, B. T., Temsah, M. -H, Terkawi, A. S., Tessema, B., Tessema, Z. T., Thankappan, K. R., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tran, B. X., Car, L. T., Ullah, I., Uthman, O. A., Valdez, P. R., Veisani, Y., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vollmer, S., Thu Vu, G., Waheed, Y., Wang, Y. -P, Wilkinson, J. C., Winkler, A. S., Wolfe, C. D. A., Yamada, T., Yeshaneh, A., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefifard, M., Yu, C., Bin Zaman, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zodpey, S., Gakidou, E., Hay, S. I., and Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Educational Attainment

Abstract

Educational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health1–3. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting4–6. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness7,8; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health9–11. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but—to our knowledge—no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries12–14. By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations.

Published
2020
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